CN115679036B - Low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device and steelmaking method - Google Patents
Low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device and steelmaking method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 CO 2 Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009845 electric arc furnace steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device and a steelmaking method, which belong to the technical field of electric furnace steelmaking and comprise a vertical shaft and a plasma smelting furnace which are mutually communicated, wherein a flue gas outlet is arranged on the side wall of the vertical shaft, a first preheating channel is formed between the flue gas outlet and the outlet of the vertical shaft, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the first preheating channel, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode which are oppositely arranged are arranged in the plasma smelting furnace, a composite bottom gun is arranged at the bottom of the plasma smelting furnace, and under the combined action of high-temperature flue gas and the electromagnetic induction heating device, high-temperature preheating furnace burden is used for avoiding dioxin generation, high-efficiency decarburization, denitrification and desulfurization are carried out by utilizing the hydrogen-containing plasma gun, oxygen consumption is greatly reduced, deoxidizer addition is reduced, inclusion formation is avoided, and high-efficiency low-slag dephosphorization is carried out by utilizing the composite bottom gun to be assisted by oxygen-containing gas such as carbon dioxide and a small amount of lime powder injection process control, and high-quality preparation of molten steel is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking, in particular to a low-carbon and low-oxygen green plasma smelting furnace steelmaking device and a steelmaking method.
Background
The green high-quality development of the steel industry is accelerated, and the main approach is to develop a short flow of an electric arc furnace with scrap steel as a main furnace charge. However, the existing electric arc furnace steelmaking has the environmental problems of dioxin pollution, large smoke quantity and the like, has low cleanliness and other preparation problems, and is urgently needed to develop a new generation low-carbon steel iron metallurgy process taking a hydrogen metallurgy and a green electric furnace as a core;
The utility model patent with the application number of 201810742887.X and the utility model patent with the application number of 201821076102.1 are both provided with an electromagnetic heater, a fuel spray gun and a combustion-supporting oxygen gun on the outer wall of a dynamically sealed vertical shaft, and the vertical shaft is communicated with an electric arc furnace.
In summary, the prior art lacks an electric furnace steelmaking device and a method for improving the cleanliness of molten steel while reducing the generation amount of dioxin.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing ion electric furnace steelmaking device and a steelmaking method, wherein the device is a fully-closed system in which a vertical shaft and a hydrogen-containing plasma smelting furnace are mutually communicated, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged outside a heat channel of the vertical shaft, and a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode are oppositely arranged in the plasma smelting furnace; firstly, preheating furnace burden at high temperature through an electromagnetic induction heating device and high-temperature smoke so as to avoid the formation of dioxin; and secondly, the furnace burden smelting is carried out by utilizing a hydrogen-containing plasma gun, so that foam slag formation and a large amount of oxygen blowing and carbon spraying are avoided, the smoke production and carbon emission are reduced, the oxygen blowing amount is reduced, a large amount of inclusions can be avoided, meanwhile, the hydrogen plasma has an efficient refining effect, the decarburization, denitrification and desulfurization can be carried out efficiently, and the injection of a small amount of Cao is combined, so that the dephosphorization can be carried out, and the cleanliness of molten steel is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device, which comprises a vertical shaft and a plasma smelting furnace which are communicated with each other, wherein a flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the vertical shaft, a thermal channel is formed between the flue gas outlet and the outlet of the vertical shaft, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the preheating channel, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun which is oppositely arranged is arranged in the plasma smelting furnace, and a composite bottom gun for injecting oxygen, CO 2, inert gas or lime powder is also arranged at the bottom of the furnace body;
preferably, the setting height of the electromagnetic induction heating device is the same as or slightly lower than the highest stacking height of the furnace burden in the preheating channel;
preferably, a pushing device for pushing the furnace burden into a heating area in the plasma smelting furnace is arranged in the plasma smelting furnace and near the outlet of the preheating channel, the pushing device is movably arranged on the side wall of the plasma smelting furnace, and a handle of the pushing device extends out of the plasma smelting furnace;
Preferably, a bottom anode is arranged in the plasma smelting furnace opposite to the hydrogen-containing plasma gun;
preferably, the plasma smelting furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun is arranged on the furnace cover, and the bottom anode is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and is positioned on a spraying path of the plasma gun;
Preferably, a furnace burden preparation bin is formed between an inlet of the vertical shaft and the flue gas outlet, a first gate is slidably arranged at the top of the furnace burden preparation bin, a second gate is slidably arranged at the bottom of the furnace burden preparation bin, sliding rails for sliding the first gate and the second gate are respectively arranged on one side wall of the vertical shaft, clamping grooves for supporting the first gate and the second gate are respectively arranged on the other opposite side wall of the vertical shaft, and the first gate and the second gate are respectively slidably arranged in the sliding rails and the clamping grooves;
Preferably, a basket for feeding the furnace burden preparation bin is arranged at the top of the furnace burden preparation bin;
preferably, an eccentric bottom tapping hole for slag-free tapping is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body;
The invention also provides a steelmaking method using the green plasma smelting furnace steelmaking device, which comprises the following steps:
Charging furnace burden: closing the second gate, opening the first gate, adding furnace burden into the furnace burden preparation bin, and closing the first gate after the furnace burden is added, wherein the furnace burden is in a waiting state;
High-temperature preheating: when the preheating channel has a feeding requirement, a second gate is opened to add the furnace burden in the furnace burden preparation bin into the preheating channel, and an electromagnetic induction heating device is started to perform flue gas preheating and electromagnetic induction preheating on the furnace burden;
Melting furnace burden and heating a molten pool: and (3) reserving a part of molten steel smelted in the last furnace in the furnace body, and starting melting the added furnace burden. When necessary, pushing the furnace burden to a heating area of the furnace body by using a pushing device to mix with the remained molten steel, forming a conductive loop by the hydrogen-containing plasma gun and the bottom anode, releasing a plasma arc, rapidly heating the molten steel and melting the unmelted furnace burden to form a stable molten pool;
Denitrification and/or desulfurization: a hollow graphite electrode is used as a plasma gun, and Ar-H 2、Ar-CH4 or Ar-CO 2 is blown to form hydrogen-containing plasma for denitrification and/or desulfurization;
Decarburization and/or dephosphorization: decarburizing and/or dephosphorizing the molten steel by injecting oxygen or CO 2 and/or lime powder through a composite bottom gun;
Tapping: when the end point components and the temperature in the furnace body meet the requirements, opening an eccentric bottom tapping hole, and conveying a part of molten steel in the furnace body to a next treatment device;
Preferably, the residual quantity of molten steel in the furnace body is 45 to 55 percent of the total molten steel, the heating temperature of furnace burden in secondary high-temperature preheating is 50 to 100 ℃ lower than the solidus temperature, the decarburization quantity is controlled to be 0 to 0.1 percent, the consumption of lime powder for dephosphorization and/or desulfurization is controlled to be 5to 10kg/t, and the main technical indexes to be finally achieved are as follows: CO 2 emission is less than or equal to 10kg/t; the oxygen consumption is less than or equal to 5m 3/t; the solid waste discharge amount is less than or equal to 10kg/t; the comprehensive energy consumption is less than or equal to 110 kgce/t; the smelting period is less than or equal to 50min; the end point oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 -4 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. According to the invention, through arranging the vertical shaft and the plasma smelting furnace which are mutually communicated, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged outside a preheating channel of the vertical shaft, and a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode are oppositely arranged in the plasma smelting furnace, on one hand, the furnace charge is preheated to be near the solidus temperature under the combined action of heat generated by the electromagnetic induction heating device and high-temperature flue gas, so that the amount of dioxin in the production process is reduced, on the other hand, the furnace charge smelting is carried out by utilizing the hydrogen-containing plasma gun, the formation of foam slag and the carbon blowing and carbon spraying of a large amount of oxygen are avoided, the production of flue gas and carbon emission are reduced, the oxygen blowing amount is reduced, a large amount of inclusions can be avoided, meanwhile, the hydrogen plasma has the efficient refining effect, the decarburization, denitrification and desulfurization can be carried out efficiently, the injection of a small amount of Cao is combined, and the cleanliness of molten steel can be greatly improved;
2. According to the invention, the composite bottom gun is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, so that CO 2 or inert gas blown from the composite bottom gun can moderately stir a molten pool while heating molten steel, the melting rate of furnace burden is accelerated, and the temperature of the molten pool is uniform; meanwhile, the injected CO 2 can react with carbon in molten steel to generate CO, so that the cyclic utilization of CO 2 is realized.
3. According to the invention, the furnace burden is preheated at high temperature by the high-temperature flue gas and the electromagnetic induction heating device together through the preheating channel arranged in the vertical shaft, so that the furnace burden is preheated to 50-100 ℃ lower than the solidus temperature, on one hand, the furnace burden is prevented from being fused and bonded, and on the other hand, the content of generated dioxin is greatly reduced, and the green high-efficiency pollution-free preheating is realized;
4. The invention adopts high-temperature controllable, green, low-carbon, pollution-free, rapid and efficient hydrogen plasma as a heat source, foam slag is not required to be produced, decarburization and oxygen blowing are very small, which is only a few tenth of that of the traditional plasma smelting furnace for steelmaking, and near-zero carbon emission in the smelting process of the plasma smelting furnace is realized;
5. the invention adopts hydrogen plasma with high-efficiency refining energy to carry out high-efficiency decarburization, desulfurization and denitrification, greatly reduces the addition of oxygen consumption reduction deoxidizer, avoids the formation of inclusions, and is assisted with the control of oxygen-containing gas bottom blowing such as carbon dioxide and the like and a small amount of lime powder blowing process to carry out high-efficiency low-slag dephosphorization, thereby realizing the high-quality preparation of molten steel, carbon emission reduction and recycling; meanwhile, for smelting low-phosphorus steel with dephosphorization requirements, the phosphorus content requirement can be met by adopting a mode of bottom blowing a small amount of lime powder, the lime consumption is only one tenth of that of the traditional plasma smelting furnace for steelmaking, the oxygen blowing amount is extremely small, the content of dissolved oxygen in molten steel at the smelting end point is low, the addition amount of deoxidizer is reduced, a large amount of inclusions are avoided, and a good foundation is laid for the subsequent clean steel smelting;
6. The hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device is a fully-closed system, can effectively control the furnace atmosphere and isolate the furnace atmosphere, avoids leakage of furnace gas, fundamentally solves the problem of environmental pollution of the traditional electric arc furnace, and can be used as raw materials for preparing direct reduced iron by a rotary hearth furnace, such as coal gas, dust and the like, and realize recycling of waste.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a steelmaking apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a steel-making apparatus.
1, A vertical shaft; 2. a plasma smelting furnace; 3. a first inlet; 4. a first outlet; 5. a second inlet; 6. eccentric bottom tapping hole; 7. a flue gas outlet; 8. a preheating passage; 9. an electromagnetic induction heating device; 10. a furnace cover; 11. a furnace body; 12. a hydrogen-containing plasma gun; 13. a bottom anode; 14. a pushing device; 15. a handle; 16. a shovel body; 17. a shovel body inlet and outlet; 18. a composite bottom gun; 19. a furnace burden preparation bin; 20. a first gate; 21. a second gate; 22. a first slide rail; 23. a second slide rail; 24. a first clamping groove; 25. a second clamping groove; 26. a basket.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing ion electric furnace steelmaking device and a steelmaking method, wherein the device is a fully-closed system in which a vertical shaft and a hydrogen-containing plasma smelting furnace are mutually communicated, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged outside a heat channel of the vertical shaft, and a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode are oppositely arranged in the plasma smelting furnace; firstly, preheating furnace burden at high temperature through an electromagnetic induction heating device and high-temperature smoke so as to avoid the formation of dioxin; and a conductive loop formed by a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode is utilized to release a direct-current hydrogen-containing plasma arc to carry out furnace burden smelting, so that foam slag formation and a large amount of oxygen blowing and carbon spraying are avoided, the smoke production and carbon emission are reduced, the oxygen blowing amount is reduced, the generation of a large amount of inclusions can be avoided, meanwhile, the hydrogen plasma has a high-efficiency refining effect, high-efficiency decarburization, denitrification and desulfurization can be realized, and the injection of a small amount of Cao can be combined to dephosphorize, so that the cleanliness of molten steel is greatly improved.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the invention provides a low-carbon low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma smelting furnace steelmaking device, which comprises a vertical shaft 1 and a plasma smelting furnace 2 which are communicated with each other, wherein the vertical shaft 1 is provided with a first inlet 3 and a first outlet 4, the plasma smelting furnace 2 is provided with a second inlet 5 and an eccentric bottom tapping hole 6 used for slag-free tapping, the second inlet 5 is communicated with the first outlet 4, so that high-temperature flue gas in the plasma smelting furnace 2 can enter the vertical shaft 1 through the second inlet 5, the side wall of the vertical shaft 1 is provided with a flue gas outlet 7, a preheating channel 8 is formed between the flue gas outlet 7 and the first outlet 4, the outer wall of the preheating channel 8 is provided with an electromagnetic induction heating device 9, in order to improve the preheating effect of the preheating channel 8, the electromagnetic induction heating device 9 is arranged at the same height as or slightly lower than the highest stacking height of furnace charges in the preheating channel 8, under the combined action of high-temperature flue gas diffused from the second inlet 5 and heat generated by the electromagnetic induction heating device 9, furnace burden in the preheating channel 8 is preheated at high temperature, a flue gas detection device capable of detecting the temperature of the flue gas is arranged in the flue gas outlet 7, the steelmaking device is further provided with a control device which is respectively electrically connected with the flue gas detection device and the electromagnetic induction heating device, the control device regulates and controls the heating temperature of the electromagnetic induction heating device according to the temperature of the flue gas detected by the flue gas detection device, and finally the furnace burden in the preheating channel 8 is heated to 50-100 ℃ lower than the solidus temperature of the furnace burden, so that the furnace burden can be prevented from being fused and adhered on the furnace wall, and the generation amount of dioxin can be greatly reduced; in a specific embodiment of the invention, the charge material in the preheating tunnel 8 is heated to about 1200 ℃ below 50 ℃ below its solidus temperature.
The plasma smelting furnace 2 comprises a furnace cover 10 and a furnace body 11, wherein the furnace cover 10 is a water-cooled furnace cover, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 is arranged at one side of the center of the furnace top, which is close to an eccentric bottom steel tapping hole 6, a bottom anode 13 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 11 and is opposite to the position of the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12, the bottom anode 13 is positioned on a spraying path of the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12, so that the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 and the bottom anode 13 can form a conductive loop to release plasma arcs, and the furnace burden in the furnace body 11 is rapidly heated; the bottom of the furnace body 11 is also provided with a composite bottom gun 18, the composite bottom gun 18 is used for blowing oxygen, carbon dioxide, inert gas or lime powder into molten steel, when the molten steel needs to be decarbonized, the composite bottom gun 18 is used for blowing oxygen and carbon dioxide mixed gas into the molten steel, when the molten steel needs to be dephosphorized, the composite bottom gun 18 is used for blowing lime powder into the molten steel, in the concrete embodiment of the invention, the decarburization amount and the mixed gas amount are respectively controlled in the range of 0 to 0.1 percent and 0 to 5Nm 3/t, the dephosphorization amount is controlled in the range of 5 to 10kg/t, the composite bottom gun 18 adopts the prior art, the furnace burden smelting is carried out by utilizing the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12, the foam slag formation and a large amount of oxygen blowing and carbon blowing are avoided, the production and carbon discharging of flue gas are reduced, the oxygen blowing amount is reduced, a large amount of inclusions can be avoided, meanwhile, the hydrogen plasma has an efficient refining effect, the decarburization, the denitrification and the desulfurization can be carried out by combining the injection of a small amount of Cao, the dephosphorization can be greatly improved, the molten steel cleanliness of the hydrogen-containing gun 12 adopts a direct current transfer mode, a non-metal or a graphite-air-cooled metal electrode or a hollow bottom electrode or a copper plate or a multi-contact-electrode type 12 is adopted as a current-contact-cooled electrode, and a conductive-type carbon-contact-electrode is used for forming a cold-contact-electrode, and a contact-electrode.
The plasma smelting furnace 2 is internally provided with a pushing device 14, the pushing device 14 comprises a handle 15 and a shovel body 16, the handle 15 extends out of the plasma smelting furnace 2, the shovel body 16 is positioned inside the furnace body 11, the outer wall of the furnace body 11 is provided with a shovel body inlet and outlet 17 through which the shovel body 16 passes, the shovel body 16 passes through the shovel body inlet and outlet 17 and then enters the inside of the furnace body 11, and the furnace burden piled at the second inlet 5 is shoveled into the furnace body 11 under the pushing of the handle 15, so that the furnace burden is enabled to be fully contacted with molten steel and melted.
A first gate 20 is arranged at the top of the furnace burden preparation bin 19 in a sliding manner, a second gate 21 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace burden preparation bin 19 in a sliding manner, a first slide rail 22 for sliding the first gate 20 and a second slide rail 23 for sliding the second gate 21 are respectively arranged on one side wall of the vertical shaft 1, a first clamping groove 24 for supporting the first gate 20 and a second clamping groove 25 for supporting the second gate 21 are respectively arranged on the other opposite side wall of the vertical shaft 1, when the first gate 20 is clamped into the first clamping groove 24 through the first slide rail 22, the first gate 20 is in a closed state, and then the first gate 20 clings to the furnace wall of the other side at the moment, so that not only the furnace burden can be prevented from falling into the furnace burden preparation bin 19, but also the flue gas can be prevented from leaking, and when the first gate 20 exits from the first clamping groove 24, when the first gate 20 is in an open state and the second gate 21 is clamped into the second clamping groove 25 through the second sliding rail 23, the second gate 21 is in a closed state, the second gate 21 is tightly attached to the furnace wall at the other side, the furnace burden is prevented from falling into the preheating channel 8 and smoke leakage, when the second gate 21 exits from the first clamping groove 25, the second gate 21 is in an open state, the top of the furnace burden preparation bin 19 is provided with a material basket 26 for feeding the furnace burden preparation bin 19, when the furnace burden preparation bin 19 needs to be fed, the first gate 21 is closed, the first gate 20 is opened, a channel between the material basket 26 and the furnace burden preparation bin 19 is communicated, the inclined material basket 26 feeds the furnace burden preparation bin 19, after the feeding is finished, the first gate 20 is closed, the smoke leakage is prevented, when the furnace burden preparation bin 19 needs to be fed into the preheating channel 8, the first gate 20 is closed, the second gate 21 is opened, the charge in the charge preparation bin 19 is poured into the first preheating channel 8.
The invention also provides a steelmaking method using the green plasma smelting furnace steelmaking device, which comprises the following steps:
Charging furnace burden: closing the second shutter 21, opening the first shutter 20, adding the burden into the burden preparation bin 19, and closing the first shutter 20 after the burden is added; the burden is carbon-free DRI and high quality scrap, and during charging, the basket 26 is transported by overhead travelling crane to the top of the burden preparation bin 19.
High-temperature preheating: when the preheating channel 8 has a charging requirement, a second gate 21 is opened to add the furnace burden in the furnace burden preparation bin 19 into the preheating channel 8, and an electromagnetic induction heating device 9 is started to preheat the furnace burden at a high temperature; by adjusting the opening degree of the second gate 21, the amount of the charge material added into the preheating passage 8 can be controlled, and the charge material is heated to 1200 ℃ under the combined action of high-temperature flue gas which diffuses from bottom to top and the electromagnetic induction heating device 9.
Melting furnace burden and heating a molten pool: the molten steel smelted in the last furnace is remained in the furnace body 11, the preheated furnace burden is pushed to the heating area of the furnace body 11 by a pushing device 14 to be fully mixed with the remained molten steel, the furnace burden contacted with the preheated furnace burden is quickly melted because the temperature of the molten steel is not lower than the melting temperature of the furnace burden, in addition, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 and a bottom anode 13 form a conductive loop to release plasma arcs, the molten steel is quickly heated and the unmelted furnace burden is melted to form a stable molten pool, and in addition, the effect of properly stirring the molten pool, accelerating the melting rate of the furnace burden and homogenizing the temperature of the molten pool can be achieved through bottom blowing of carbon dioxide or inert gas by a composite bottom gun 18, wherein the residual amount of the molten steel in the furnace body 11 is 45-55% of the total molten steel.
Denitrification and/or desulfurization: a hollow graphite electrode is used as a plasma gun, and Ar-H 2、Ar-CH4 or Ar-CO 2 is blown to form hydrogen-containing plasma for denitrification and/or desulfurization;
decarburization and/or dephosphorization: blowing oxygen and carbon dioxide mixed gas through the composite bottom gun 18 to decarburize; the decarburization amount and the mixed gas amount are respectively controlled in the ranges of 0-0.1% and 0-5Nm 3/t;
If the steel grade has dephosphorization requirement, the dephosphorization is realized by adopting a mode of blowing lime powder at the bottom of the composite bottom gun 18, and the dephosphorization amount is controlled in the range of 15-20 kg/t;
if the decarburization and dephosphorization requirements are met, the lime powder is blown to the bottom of the composite bottom gun 18 to dephosphorize preferentially, and then the mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide is blown to the composite bottom gun 18 to decarburize.
Tapping: when the end point composition and the temperature in the furnace body meet the requirements, opening an eccentric bottom tapping hole 6, and conveying a part of molten steel in the furnace body to a next treatment device;
The main technical indexes to be finally achieved are as follows: CO 2 emission is less than or equal to 10kg/t (the electric energy consumption is not considered to be converted into carbon); the oxygen consumption is less than or equal to 5m 3/t; the solid waste discharge amount is less than or equal to 10kg/t; the comprehensive energy consumption is less than or equal to 110kgce/t; the smelting period is less than or equal to 40min (under the continuous working condition); the end point oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 -4 percent (100 ppm).
It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (6)
1. A low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device is characterized in that: the device comprises a vertical shaft and a plasma smelting furnace which are communicated with each other, wherein a flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the vertical shaft, a preheating channel is formed between the flue gas outlet and the outlet of the vertical shaft, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the preheating channel, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun is arranged in the plasma smelting furnace, a bottom anode is arranged in the plasma smelting furnace opposite to the hydrogen-containing plasma gun, and a composite bottom gun for blowing oxygen, CO 2, inert gas or lime powder is arranged at the bottom of the plasma smelting furnace;
A pushing device for pushing furnace charges into a heating area in the plasma smelting furnace is arranged at the position, close to the outlet of the preheating channel, in the plasma smelting furnace, the pushing device is movably arranged on the side wall of the plasma smelting furnace, and a handle of the pushing device extends out of the plasma smelting furnace;
The flue gas outlet is internally provided with a flue gas detection device capable of detecting the flue gas temperature, the steelmaking device is further provided with a control device which is respectively and electrically connected with the flue gas detection device and the electromagnetic induction heating device, the control device regulates and controls the heating temperature of the electromagnetic induction heating device according to the flue gas temperature detected by the flue gas detection device, and finally, furnace materials in the preheating channel are heated to be lower than the solidus temperature of the furnace materials, and the difference range is 50-100 ℃;
The plasma smelting furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun is arranged on the furnace cover, the bottom anode is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and the bottom anode is positioned on a spraying path of the hydrogen-containing plasma gun;
And an eccentric bottom tapping hole for slag-free tapping is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body.
2. The hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the setting height of the electromagnetic induction heating device is not higher than the highest stacking height of furnace burden in the preheating channel.
3. The hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the device comprises a vertical shaft, a smoke outlet, a furnace burden preparation bin, a first gate, a second gate, a first slide rail and a second slide rail, wherein the furnace burden preparation bin is formed between an inlet of the vertical shaft and the smoke outlet, the first gate is arranged at the top of the furnace burden preparation bin in a sliding mode, the second gate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace burden preparation bin in a sliding mode, the first slide rail for sliding the first gate and the second slide rail for sliding the second gate are arranged on one side wall of the vertical shaft, a first clamping groove for supporting the first gate and a second clamping groove for supporting the second gate are formed in the other side wall of the vertical shaft, and the first gate is arranged in the first slide rail and the first clamping groove in a sliding mode.
4. A hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the top of the furnace burden preparation bin is provided with a material basket for feeding materials into the furnace burden preparation bin.
5. A steelmaking method using the hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus of claim 4, comprising the steps of:
Charging furnace burden: closing the second gate, opening the first gate, adding furnace burden into the furnace burden preparation bin, and closing the first gate after the furnace burden is added, wherein the furnace burden is in a waiting state;
High-temperature preheating: when the preheating channel has a feeding requirement, a second gate is opened to add the furnace burden in the furnace burden preparation bin into the preheating channel, and an electromagnetic induction heating device is started to perform flue gas preheating and electromagnetic induction preheating on the furnace burden;
Melting furnace burden and heating a molten pool: a part of molten steel smelted in the last furnace is left in the furnace body, the added furnace burden begins to melt, the furnace burden is pushed to a heating area of the furnace body by a pushing device to be mixed with the remained molten steel, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode form a conductive loop, a direct current plasma arc is released, the molten steel is rapidly heated, and the unmelted furnace burden is melted to form a stable molten pool;
Denitrification and/or desulfurization: a hollow graphite electrode is used as a plasma gun, and Ar-H 2、Ar-CH4 or Ar-CO 2 is blown to form hydrogen-containing plasma for denitrification and/or desulfurization;
Decarburization and/or dephosphorization: oxygen or CO 2 and/or lime powder are blown through the composite bottom gun to decarbonize and/or dephosphorize the molten steel;
tapping: when the end point composition and the temperature in the furnace body meet the requirements, the eccentric bottom tapping hole is opened, and a part of molten steel in the furnace body is conveyed to the next molten steel refining device.
6. The steelmaking process as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the residual quantity of molten steel in the furnace body is 45-55% of the total molten steel, the heating temperature of furnace burden is lower than solidus temperature during secondary high-temperature preheating, the difference range is 50-100 ℃, the decarburization quantity is controlled to be 0-0.1%, the consumption of lime powder for dephosphorization is controlled to be 5-10 kg/t, and finally the technical indexes to be achieved are as follows: CO 2 emission is less than or equal to 10kg/t; the oxygen blowing amount is less than or equal to 5m 3/t; the solid waste discharge amount is less than or equal to 15kg/t; the comprehensive energy consumption is less than or equal to 110kgce/t; the smelting period is less than or equal to 40min; the end point oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 -4 percent.
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| CN101191171A (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-06-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for processing ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel by using ladle refining furnace to control carbon and nitrogen content |
| CN108624740A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-10-09 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | Steelmaking equipment and smelting method for steelmaking by using scrap steel |
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| CN108624740A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-10-09 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | Steelmaking equipment and smelting method for steelmaking by using scrap steel |
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