CN115679036A - Low-carbon and low-oxygen plasma electric furnace steelmaking device containing hydrogen and steelmaking method - Google Patents
Low-carbon and low-oxygen plasma electric furnace steelmaking device containing hydrogen and steelmaking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115679036A CN115679036A CN202211344163.2A CN202211344163A CN115679036A CN 115679036 A CN115679036 A CN 115679036A CN 202211344163 A CN202211344163 A CN 202211344163A CN 115679036 A CN115679036 A CN 115679036A
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009845 electric arc furnace steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device and a steelmaking method, and belongs to the technical field of electric furnace steelmaking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a low-carbon and low-oxygen green plasma smelting furnace steel making device and a steel making method.
Background
The green high-quality development of the steel industry is accelerated, and the main approach is to develop a short flow of an electric arc furnace taking scrap steel as a main furnace charge. However, the existing electric arc furnace steelmaking has environmental problems of dioxin pollution, large smoke dust amount and the like, and the preparation problems of low cleanliness and the like, and the development of a new generation of low-carbon ferrous metallurgy process taking hydrogen metallurgy and a green electric furnace as a core is urgently needed;
the invention patent with the application number of 201810742887.X and the utility model patent with the application number of 201821076102.1 are all provided with an electromagnetic heater, a fuel spray gun and a combustion-supporting oxygen lance on the outer wall of a dynamically sealed vertical shaft, and the vertical shaft is communicated with an electric arc furnace, on one hand, high-temperature smoke is used for preheating furnace charge, on the other hand, heat generated by the electromagnetic heater, the fuel spray gun and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance is used for preheating the furnace charge, the temperature of the furnace charge entering the electric arc furnace is improved, the generation amount of dioxin is reduced, but excessive oxygen injection can cause generation of a large amount of impurities, and the cleanliness of refined molten steel is reduced.
In summary, there is a lack in the prior art of an electric furnace steelmaking apparatus and method for improving molten steel cleanliness while reducing the amount of dioxin generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing ion electric furnace steelmaking device and a steelmaking method aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, wherein a full-closed system in which a vertical shaft and a hydrogen-containing plasma smelting furnace are communicated is arranged, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged outside a heat channel of the vertical shaft, and a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode are oppositely arranged in the plasma smelting furnace; firstly, preheating furnace burden at high temperature by an electromagnetic induction heating device and high-temperature flue gas, and avoiding the formation of dioxin; secondly, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun is used for smelting furnace materials, so that the formation of foam slag and a large amount of oxygen blowing and carbon spraying are avoided, the smoke production and carbon emission are reduced, the reduction of oxygen blowing amount can avoid the generation of a large amount of impurities, meanwhile, the hydrogen plasma has an efficient refining effect, can efficiently decarbonize, denitrify and desulfurize, is combined with the injection of a small amount of Cao, can dephosphorize, and greatly improve the cleanliness of molten steel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device which comprises a vertical shaft and a plasma smelting furnace which are communicated with each other, wherein a flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the vertical shaft, a thermal channel is formed between the flue gas outlet and the outlet of the vertical shaft, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged on the outer wall of a preheating channel, hydrogen-containing plasma guns which are arranged oppositely are arranged in the plasma smelting furnace, and the bottom of a furnace body is also provided with a hydrogen-containing plasma gun for blowing oxygen and CO 2 A composite bottom gun of inert gas or lime powder;
preferably, the height of the electromagnetic induction heating device is the same as or slightly lower than the highest stacking height of the furnace burden in the preheating channel;
preferably, a pushing device for pushing furnace materials into a heating area in the plasma smelting furnace is arranged at an outlet close to the preheating channel in the plasma smelting furnace, the pushing device is movably arranged on the side wall of the plasma smelting furnace, and a handle of the pushing device extends out of the plasma smelting furnace;
preferably, a bottom anode is arranged in the plasma smelting furnace opposite to the hydrogen-containing plasma gun;
preferably, the plasma smelting furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun is arranged on the furnace cover, and the bottom anode is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and is positioned on a spraying path of the plasma gun;
preferably, a furnace burden preparation bin is formed between the inlet of the vertical shaft and the flue gas outlet, a first gate is slidably arranged at the top of the furnace burden preparation bin, a second gate is slidably arranged at the bottom of the furnace burden preparation bin, slide rails for the first gate and the second gate to slide are respectively arranged on one side wall of the vertical shaft, clamping grooves for supporting the first gate and the second gate are respectively arranged on the other opposite side wall of the vertical shaft, and the first gate and the second gate are respectively slidably arranged in the slide rails and the clamping grooves;
preferably, a material basket for feeding materials into the material preparation bin is arranged at the top of the material preparation bin;
preferably, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with an eccentric bottom tapping hole for slag-free tapping;
the invention also provides a steelmaking method using the green plasma smelting furnace steelmaking device, which comprises the following steps:
charging a furnace material: closing the second gate, opening the first gate, adding furnace burden into the furnace burden preparation bin, and after the furnace burden is added, closing the first gate, wherein the furnace burden is in a waiting state;
high-temperature preheating: when the preheating channel has a feeding requirement, opening a second gate to add the furnace burden in the furnace burden preparation bin into the preheating channel, and starting an electromagnetic induction heating device to preheat the furnace burden by smoke and electromagnetic induction;
furnace charge melting and bath heating: and (4) leaving a part of molten steel smelted in the furnace body, and melting the added furnace materials. When necessary, the charging device is used for pushing the furnace charge to a heating area of the furnace body to be mixed with the remaining molten steel, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun and the bottom anode form a conductive loop to release plasma arcs, the molten steel is rapidly heated, and the unmelted furnace charge is melted to form a stable molten pool;
denitrification and/or desulfurization: using hollow graphite electrode as plasma gun, blowing Ar-H 2 、Ar-CH 4 Or Ar-CO 2 Forming hydrogen-containing plasma for denitrification and/or desulfurization;
decarbonisation and/or decarbonisationPhosphorus: blowing oxygen or CO through a composite primer gun 2 And/or the lime powder is used for decarbonizing and/or dephosphorizing the molten steel;
tapping: when the end point composition and the temperature in the furnace body meet the requirements, opening the eccentric bottom steel tapping hole, and conveying a part of molten steel in the furnace body to the next processing device;
preferably, the residual amount of the molten steel in the furnace body is 45 to 55 percent of the total molten steel, the heating temperature of the furnace charge during the secondary high-temperature preheating is 50 to 100 ℃ lower than the solidus temperature, the decarburization amount is controlled to be 0 to 0.1 percent, the consumption of the lime powder agent for dephosphorization/or desulfurization is controlled to be 5 to 10kg/t, and finally the main technical indexes to be achieved are as follows: CO 2 2 The discharge amount is less than or equal to 10kg/t; oxygen consumption is less than or equal to 5m 3 T; the solid waste discharge amount is less than or equal to 10kg/t; the comprehensive energy consumption is less than or equal to 110kgce/t; the smelting period is less than or equal to 50min; the terminal oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 -4 ％。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the vertical shaft and the plasma smelting furnace which are communicated with each other are arranged, the electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged outside the preheating channel of the vertical shaft, and the hydrogen-containing plasma gun and the bottom anode are oppositely arranged in the plasma smelting furnace, so that on one hand, a furnace charge is preheated at a high temperature under the combined action of heat generated by the electromagnetic induction heating device and high-temperature flue gas and is heated to be close to the solidus temperature, the amount of dioxin in the production process is reduced, on the other hand, the furnace charge is smelted by using the hydrogen-containing plasma gun, the formation of foam slag and the carbon injection of a large amount of oxygen blowing are avoided, the production amount of flue gas and the carbon emission are reduced, the reduction of the oxygen blowing amount can avoid the generation of a large amount of impurities, meanwhile, the hydrogen plasma has an efficient refining effect, the decarburization, the denitrification and the desulfurization can be carried out efficiently, and the dephosphorization can be combined with the injection of a small amount of Cao, and the cleanliness of molten steel can be greatly improved;
2. the composite bottom gun is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, so that CO sprayed from the composite bottom gun is blown while molten steel is heated 2 Or the inert gas can moderately stir the molten pool, accelerate the melting rate of the furnace burden and homogenize the temperature of the molten pool; CO injected simultaneously 2 Can react with carbon in molten steel to generate CO so as to realize CO 2 Circulation ofAnd (4) utilizing.
3. According to the invention, the preheating channel is arranged in the vertical shaft, and the furnace burden is preheated at high temperature by using the high-temperature flue gas and the electromagnetic induction heating device together, so that the furnace burden is preheated to be 50-100 ℃ lower than the solidus temperature of the furnace burden, on one hand, the furnace burden is prevented from being melted and bonded, on the other hand, the content of generated dioxin is greatly reduced, and green, efficient and pollution-free preheating is realized;
4. according to the invention, the hydrogen plasma which is controllable in high temperature, green, low-carbon, pollution-free, rapid and efficient is used as a heat source, no foam slag is required to be produced, the decarbonization amount and the oxygen blowing amount are very small and are only one tenth of those of the traditional plasma smelting furnace, and the near-zero carbon emission in the smelting process of the plasma smelting furnace is realized;
5. according to the invention, by adopting the hydrogen plasma with high-efficiency refining energy, efficient decarburization, desulfurization and denitrification are carried out, the oxygen consumption is greatly reduced, the addition of a deoxidizer is reduced, the formation of inclusions is avoided, and the bottom blowing of oxygen-containing gas such as carbon dioxide and the like and the injection process control of a small amount of lime powder are assisted, so that efficient low-slag dephosphorization is carried out, the high-quality preparation of molten steel, carbon emission reduction and cyclic utilization are realized; meanwhile, for the smelting of low-phosphorus steel with dephosphorization requirements, the phosphorus content requirements can be met by adopting a mode of blowing a small amount of lime powder at the bottom, the lime consumption is only one dozen times of that of the traditional plasma smelting furnace, the oxygen blowing amount is extremely small, the dissolved oxygen content in the molten steel at the smelting end is low, the addition amount of a deoxidizer is reduced, the formation of a large amount of inclusions is avoided, and a good foundation is laid for the subsequent clean steel smelting;
6. the hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steelmaking device is a fully-closed system, can effectively control the atmosphere in the furnace and is isolated from the atmosphere, avoids the leakage of gas in the furnace, fundamentally solves the problem of environmental pollution of the traditional electric arc furnace, and can be used as raw materials for preparing direct reduced iron and the like in a rotary hearth furnace, such that the recycling of wastes is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall construction of a steelmaking apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the steelmaking apparatus.
Wherein, 1, a vertical shaft; 2. a plasma smelting furnace; 3. a first inlet; 4. a first outlet; 5. a second inlet; 6. an eccentric bottom tap hole; 7. a flue gas outlet; 8. a preheating channel; 9. an electromagnetic induction heating device; 10. a furnace cover; 11. a furnace body; 12. a hydrogen-containing plasma gun; 13. a bottom anode; 14. a material pushing device; 15. a handle; 16. a shovel body; 17. a shovel body inlet and outlet; 18. a composite bottom gun; 19. a furnace charge preparation bin; 20. a first gate; 21. a second gate; 22. a first slide rail; 23. a second slide rail; 24. a first card slot; 25. a second card slot; 26. a material basket.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a low-carbon and low-oxygen hydrogen-containing ion electric furnace steelmaking device and a steelmaking method aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the steelmaking device is arranged into a fully-closed system in which a vertical shaft and a hydrogen-containing plasma smelting furnace are communicated with each other, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged outside a heat channel of the vertical shaft, and a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode are oppositely arranged in the plasma smelting furnace; firstly, preheating furnace burden at high temperature by an electromagnetic induction heating device and high-temperature flue gas, and avoiding the formation of dioxin; secondly utilize the electrically conductive return circuit that contains hydrogen plasma rifle and end positive pole formed, release direct current contains hydrogen plasma arc, carry out the furnace charge and smelt, avoided the foam slag formation and blown oxygen in a large number and spout carbon, reduced flue gas output and carbon emission, the volume of blowing oxygen reduces and can avoid the generation of a large amount of inclusions, and hydrogen plasma has high-efficient refining effect simultaneously, can high-efficient decarbonization, denitrogenation and desulfurization, combines the injection of a small amount of Cao, can dephosphorize, increases substantially the molten steel cleanliness factor.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the invention provides a steel-making device of a low-carbon and low-oxygen plasma smelting furnace containing hydrogen, which comprises a vertical shaft 1 and a plasma smelting furnace 2 which are communicated with each other, wherein the vertical shaft 1 is provided with a first inlet 3 and a first outlet 4, the plasma smelting furnace 2 is provided with a second inlet 5 and an eccentric bottom steel tapping hole 6 for slag-free steel tapping, the second inlet 5 is communicated with the first outlet 4, so that high-temperature flue gas in the plasma smelting furnace 2 can enter the vertical shaft 1 through the second inlet 5, a flue gas outlet 7 is arranged on the side wall of the vertical shaft 1, a preheating channel 8 is formed between the flue gas outlet 7 and the first outlet 4, an electromagnetic induction heating device 9 is arranged on the outer wall of the preheating channel 8, and in order to improve the preheating effect of the preheating channel 8, the height of the electromagnetic induction heating device 9 arranged in the invention is the same as or slightly lower than the highest accumulation height of furnace burden in the preheating channel 8, under the combined action of high-temperature flue gas diffused from the second inlet 5 and heat generated by the electromagnetic induction heating device 9, furnace burden in the preheating channel 8 is preheated at high temperature, a flue gas detection device capable of detecting the temperature of the flue gas is arranged in the flue gas outlet 7, the steelmaking device is also provided with a control device which is electrically connected with the flue gas detection device and the electromagnetic induction heating device respectively, the control device regulates and controls the heating temperature of the electromagnetic induction heating device according to the flue gas temperature detected by the flue gas detection device, and finally the furnace burden in the preheating channel 8 is heated to be 50-100 ℃ lower than the solidus temperature of the furnace burden, so that the furnace burden can be prevented from being melted and adhered to a furnace wall, and the generation amount of dioxin can be greatly reduced; one specific embodiment of the invention is to heat the charge in the preheating channel 8 to around 1200 c, 50 c below its solidus temperature.
The plasma smelting furnace 2 comprises a furnace cover 10 and a furnace body11, the furnace cover 10 is a water-cooled furnace cover, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 is arranged on one side of the center of the furnace top close to the eccentric bottom tapping hole 6, a bottom anode 13 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 11 opposite to the position of the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12, and the bottom anode 13 is positioned on the injection path of the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12, so that the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 and the bottom anode 13 can form a conductive loop to release plasma arcs and rapidly heat the furnace charge in the furnace body 11, and the second inlet 5 is communicated with the first outlet 4, so that the preheated furnace charge in the preheating channel 8 can fall into the furnace body 11 through the second inlet 5 and is rapidly melted when contacting high-temperature molten steel, and the melted molten steel is rapidly heated under the action of the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 and the bottom anode 13 to form a stable molten pool; the bottom of the furnace body 11 is also provided with a composite bottom gun 18, the composite bottom gun 18 is used for blowing oxygen, carbon dioxide, inert gas or lime powder into the molten steel, when the molten steel needs to be decarbonized, the composite bottom gun 18 blows mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide into the molten steel, and when the molten steel needs to be dephosphorized, the composite bottom gun 18 blows lime powder into the molten steel 3 The range of/t, the lime powder for dephosphorization is controlled in the range of 5-10 kg/t, the composite bottom gun 18 adopts the prior art, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 is used for smelting furnace burden, the formation of foam slag and the large amount of oxygen and carbon blowing are avoided, the smoke output and the carbon emission are reduced, the oxygen blowing amount is reduced, the generation of a large amount of impurities can be avoided, meanwhile, the hydrogen plasma has a high-efficiency refining effect, the high-efficiency decarburization, the denitrification and the desulfurization can be realized, the dephosphorization can be realized by combining the injection of a small amount of Cao, and the cleanliness of molten steel is greatly improved, wherein the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 adopts a direct current transfer arc type, a non-consumable metal gun or a hollow graphite electrode blowing mode is adopted, the bottom anode 13 adopts an air-cooled multi-steel bar contact pin type structure, a water-cooled copper plate is used as a collecting electrode, and a conductive loop is formed by the water-cooled copper plate and the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12.
The plasma smelting furnace 2 is internally provided with a material pushing device 14, the material pushing device 14 comprises a handle 15 and a shovel body 16, the handle 15 extends out of the plasma smelting furnace 2, the shovel body 16 is positioned inside the furnace body 11, the outer wall of the furnace body 11 is provided with a shovel body access 17 for the shovel body 16 to pass through, the shovel body 16 passes through the shovel body access 17 and then enters the furnace body 11, and the furnace burden accumulated at the second access 5 is shoveled into the furnace body 11 under the pushing of the handle 15, so that the furnace burden is fully contacted with and melted with the molten steel.
A furnace burden preparation bin 19 is formed between the first inlet 3 and the smoke outlet 7 of the vertical shaft 1, a first gate 20 is slidably arranged at the top of the furnace burden preparation bin 19, a second gate 21 is slidably arranged at the bottom of the furnace burden preparation bin 19, a first slide rail 22 for the first gate 20 to slide and a second slide rail 23 for the second gate 21 to slide are respectively arranged on one side wall of the vertical shaft 1, a first clamping groove 24 for supporting the first gate 20 and a second clamping groove 25 for supporting the second gate 21 are respectively arranged on the other opposite side wall of the vertical shaft 1, when the first gate 20 is clamped into the first clamping groove 24 through the first slide rail 22, the first gate 20 is in a closed state, and at the moment, the first gate 20 is tightly attached to the furnace wall on the other side, so that not only can the furnace burden be prevented from falling into the furnace burden preparation bin 19, but also the smoke gas can be prevented from leaking, when the first gate 20 exits from the first clamping groove 24, when the first gate 20 is in an open state and the second gate 21 is clamped into the second clamping groove 25 through the second slide rail 23, when the second gate 21 is in a closed state, the second gate 21 is tightly attached to the furnace wall at the other side to prevent furnace burden from falling into the preheating channel 8 and prevent flue gas from leaking, and when the second gate 21 exits from the first clamping groove 25, the second gate 21 is in an open state, a material basket 26 for feeding materials into the material preparation bin 19 is arranged at the top of the material preparation bin 19, when the charging is needed to be carried out on the furnace burden preparation bin 19, the first gate 21 is closed, the first gate 20 is opened, a channel between the material basket 26 and the furnace burden preparation bin 19 is communicated, the material basket 26 is inclined to carry out charging in the furnace burden preparation bin 19, after the charging is finished, the first gate 20 is closed to prevent the leakage of smoke gas, when charging from the charge preparation bin 19 into the preheating channel 8 is required, the first gate 20 is closed, the second gate 21 is opened, and the charge in the charge preparation bin 19 is dumped into the first preheating channel 8.
The invention also provides a steelmaking method using the green plasma smelting furnace steelmaking device, which comprises the following steps:
charging a furnace material: closing the second gate 21, opening the first gate 20, adding the furnace burden into the furnace burden preparation bin 19, and closing the first gate 20 after the furnace burden is completely added; the charge is carbon-free DRI and high-grade scrap, and the basket 26 is transported to the top of the charge preparation bin 19 by a crown block at the time of charging.
High-temperature preheating: when the preheating channel 8 has a charging requirement, opening the second gate 21 to add the furnace charge in the furnace charge preparation bin 19 into the preheating channel 8, and starting the electromagnetic induction heating device 9 to preheat the furnace charge at a high temperature; by adjusting the opening degree of the second gate 21, the amount of the furnace charge added into the preheating channel 8 can be controlled, and the furnace charge is heated to 1200 ℃ under the combined action of the high-temperature flue gas diffused from bottom to top and the electromagnetic induction heating device 9.
Furnace charge melting and bath heating: a part of molten steel smelted in the previous furnace is remained in the furnace body 11, the preheated furnace charge is pushed to a heating area of the furnace body 11 by the pushing device 14 to be fully mixed with the remained molten steel, and the furnace charge contacted with the furnace charge can be rapidly melted because the temperature of the molten steel is not lower than the melting temperature of the furnace charge, and in addition, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun 12 and the bottom anode 13 form a conductive loop to release plasma arcs to rapidly heat the molten steel and melt the unmelted furnace charge to form a stable molten pool, and in addition, carbon dioxide or inert gas is blown at the bottom of the composite bottom gun 18 to perform proper stirring on the molten pool, accelerate the melting rate of the furnace charge and homogenize the temperature of the molten pool, wherein the remained amount of the molten steel in the furnace body 11 is 45 to 55 percent of the total molten steel.
Denitrification and/or desulfurization: using hollow graphite electrode as plasma gun, blowing Ar-H 2 、Ar-CH 4 Or Ar-CO 2 Forming hydrogen-containing plasma for denitrification and/or desulfurization;
decarbonization and/or dephosphorization: blowing mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide through a composite bottom gun 18 for decarburization; the decarbonization amount and the mixed gas amount are respectively controlled to be 0-0.1 percent and 0-5Nm 3 A/t range;
if the steel grade has dephosphorization requirements, the dephosphorization is realized by adopting a mode of blowing lime powder at the bottom of a composite bottom gun 18, and the dephosphorization amount is controlled within the range of 15-20 kg/t;
if the decarburization and the dephosphorization are required at the same time, the dephosphorization is carried out by blowing lime powder at the bottom of the composite bottom gun 18 preferentially, and then the decarburization is carried out by blowing mixed gas of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the composite bottom gun 18.
Tapping: when the terminal point composition and the temperature in the furnace body meet the requirements, opening the eccentric bottom steel tapping hole 6, and conveying a part of molten steel in the furnace body to the next processing device;
the main technical indexes to be finally achieved are as follows: CO 2 2 The discharge amount is less than or equal to 10kg/t (the carbon is converted without considering the electric energy consumption); oxygen consumption is less than or equal to 5m 3 T; the solid waste discharge amount is less than or equal to 10kg/t; the comprehensive energy consumption is less than or equal to 110kgce/t; the smelting period is less than or equal to 40min (under the continuous working condition); the terminal oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 -4 ％(100ppm)。
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A low-carbon and low-oxygen electric furnace steelmaking device containing hydrogen is characterized in that: the plasma smelting furnace comprises a vertical shaft and a plasma smelting furnace which are mutually communicated, wherein a flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the vertical shaft, a preheating channel is formed between the flue gas outlet and the outlet of the vertical shaft, an electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged on the outer wall of the preheating channel, hydrogen-containing plasma guns which are oppositely arranged are arranged in the plasma smelting furnace, and oxygen and CO are blown and sprayed to the bottom of the plasma smelting furnace 2 And inert gas or lime powder.
2. The plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus containing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic induction heating device is arranged at a height not higher than the highest accumulation height of the furnace burden in the preheating channel.
3. The plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus containing hydrogen according to claim 2, wherein: and a pushing device used for pushing furnace materials into a heating area in the plasma smelting furnace is arranged at an outlet close to the preheating channel in the plasma smelting furnace, the pushing device is movably arranged on the side wall of the plasma smelting furnace, and a handle of the pushing device extends out of the plasma smelting furnace.
4. The plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus containing hydrogen according to claim 2, wherein: and a bottom anode is arranged in the plasma smelting furnace opposite to the hydrogen-containing plasma gun.
5. The plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus containing hydrogen according to claim 4, wherein: the plasma smelting furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, the hydrogen-containing plasma gun is arranged on the furnace cover, the bottom anode is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and the bottom anode is positioned on a jet path of the hydrogen-containing plasma gun.
6. The plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus containing hydrogen according to claim 5, wherein: a furnace burden preparation bin is formed between the inlet of the vertical shaft and the smoke outlet, a first gate is arranged at the top of the furnace burden preparation bin in a sliding mode, a second gate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace burden preparation bin in a sliding mode, sliding rails for the first gate and the second gate to slide are respectively arranged on one side wall of the vertical shaft, clamping grooves for supporting the first gate and the second gate are respectively arranged on the other side wall, opposite to the vertical shaft, of the vertical shaft, and the first gate and the second gate are respectively arranged in the sliding rails and the clamping grooves in a sliding mode.
7. The plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus containing hydrogen of claim 6, wherein: and a charging basket for charging the charging preparation bin is arranged at the top of the charging preparation bin.
8. The plasma electric furnace steelmaking apparatus containing hydrogen of claim 7, wherein: the bottom of the furnace body is provided with an eccentric bottom tapping hole for slag-free tapping.
9. A steel making method using the hydrogen-containing plasma electric furnace steel making device according to claim 8, comprising the following steps:
charging a furnace material: closing the second gate, opening the first gate, adding furnace burden into the furnace burden preparation bin, and after the furnace burden is added, closing the first gate, wherein the furnace burden is in a waiting state;
high-temperature preheating: when the preheating channel has a feeding requirement, opening a second gate to add the furnace burden in the furnace burden preparation bin into the preheating channel, and starting an electromagnetic induction heating device to preheat the furnace burden by smoke and electromagnetic induction;
furnace charge melting and bath heating: a part of molten steel smelted in the previous furnace is reserved in the furnace body, added furnace burden starts to melt, the furnace burden is pushed to a heating area of the furnace body by a material pushing device to be mixed with the remaining molten steel, a hydrogen-containing plasma gun and a bottom anode form a conductive loop to release direct current plasma arc, the molten steel is rapidly heated, and the unmelted furnace burden is melted to form a stable molten pool;
denitrification and/or desulfurization: using hollow graphite electrode as plasma gun, blowing Ar-H 2 、Ar-CH 4 Or Ar-CO 2 Forming hydrogen-containing plasma for denitrification and/or desulfurization;
decarburization and/or dephosphorization: blowing oxygen or CO through a composite primer gun 2 And/or the lime powder is used for decarbonizing and/or dephosphorizing the molten steel;
tapping: and when the end point composition and the temperature in the furnace body meet the requirements, opening the eccentric bottom steel-tapping hole, and conveying a part of molten steel in the furnace body to the next molten steel refining device.
10. A method of making steel according to claim 9, wherein: furnace with a heat exchangerThe residual quantity of molten steel in the body is 45-55% of the total molten steel, the heating temperature of furnace charge is 50-100 ℃ lower than the solidus temperature during secondary high-temperature preheating, the decarbonization quantity is controlled at 0-0.1%, the consumption quantity of lime powder for dephosphorization is controlled at 5-10 kg/t, and the main technical indexes to be finally achieved are as follows: CO 2 2 The discharge amount is less than or equal to 10kg/t; oxygen blowing amount is less than or equal to 5m 3 T; the solid waste discharge is less than or equal to 15kg/t; the comprehensive energy consumption is less than or equal to 110kgce/t; the smelting period is less than or equal to 40min; the terminal oxygen content is less than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10 -4 ％。
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