CN115677399A - Water-soluble fertilizer used in fruit tree expansion and color transition period, preparation method and application method - Google Patents
Water-soluble fertilizer used in fruit tree expansion and color transition period, preparation method and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115677399A CN115677399A CN202211401388.7A CN202211401388A CN115677399A CN 115677399 A CN115677399 A CN 115677399A CN 202211401388 A CN202211401388 A CN 202211401388A CN 115677399 A CN115677399 A CN 115677399A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-soluble fertilizer used in the swelling and color-changing period of fruit trees and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers for fruit trees. The major elements in the scheme are mainly potassium (accounting for about 70 percent) and are supplemented with other major, medium and trace elements, so that the requirements of potassium, calcium and other nutrients in the expansion period are met. Meanwhile, the sulfur element can promote the absorption of other main nutrient elements by fruit trees, can promote photosynthesis and improve the quality of fruits. The amino acid can enlarge fruits, increase the nutrient substances of the fruits, ensure the bright fruit surface and improve the quality of the fruits. After the water-soluble fertilizer is used, the fruit size is increased by more than 20%, the coloring surface is improved by about 30%, and the solid soluble substance is increased by 2%. The application of the water-soluble fertilizer can realize organic and inorganic connection, and can be quickly absorbed by plants and transported to branches, leaves and fruits for growth and nutrient accumulation, thereby achieving the purpose of big fruits and good fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water-soluble fertilizers for fruit trees, and particularly relates to a water-soluble fertilizer used in the expanding and color-changing period of fruit trees, a preparation method and an application method.
Background
The fruit on the fruit tree can be gradually colored in the process of expansion, and the coloring of the fruit is mainly determined by the interaction of chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, lycopene, sugar and the like in the fruit peel; in addition, the sugar degree of the fruits is improved in the fruit swelling process, mainly, sugar substances, organic substances and the like synthesized by photosynthesis of leaves and fruit peels are continuously transported and accumulated to vacuoles inside the fruits, and the reasonable supplement of nutrient elements such as potassium, magnesium, boron and the like in the fruit swelling development period is beneficial to the accumulation of the sugar of the fruits.
Whether the fruit is rapidly enlarged or gradually turns color and sweetens, the process is a relatively complex physiological metabolic process, and the process is influenced by various aspects such as illumination, temperature, moisture, nutrients, enzyme activity, tree nutrition accumulation state and the like, and when any process is in a problem, the young fruit of the fruit tree cannot be normally and smoothly enlarged, ripe and turned color and sweetens.
At present, fruit growers generally intervene in a fertilizer applying mode, but the fruit growers often use fertilizers with single functions to supplement related nutrients in order to improve the utilization effect of the fertilizers, and meanwhile, the fruit growers cannot well utilize the fertilizers and cannot meet the requirements of fruit trees in the working life due to the fact that the multifunctional fertilizers in the market are few, the effects are different, the quality is different, and the requirements of the fruit trees in the working life are not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-soluble fertilizer for fruit trees in an expanding and color-changing period, which solves the technical problems that the existing product cannot meet the supplement of related elements, has single function, low fruit enlarging rate, low fruit coloring rate and low solid soluble content, and the demand of potassium element, calcium element and the like is high in the expanding and color-changing period of the fruit trees.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a water-soluble fertilizer used in fruit tree swelling and color-changing periods is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
10-18 parts of diammonium phosphate, 41-75 parts of potassium nitrate, 16-30 parts of potassium sulfate and 8.3-14.7 parts of an additive.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
13 parts of diammonium phosphate, 54.35 parts of potassium nitrate, 22 parts of potassium sulfate and 11 parts of an additive.
Preferably, the additive consists of calcium EDTA, magnesium sulfate and an amino acid.
The nitrogen content of the diammonium phosphate is 2.35/kg, and the phosphorus content is 6/kg; the nitrogen content of the potassium nitrate is 7.6/kg, and the potassium content of the potassium nitrate is 25/kg; the potassium content in the potassium sulfate is 11/kg.
Diammonium phosphate, a chemical substance with the molecular formula of (NH) 4 ) 2 HPO 4 . Is a binary high-efficiency compound fertilizer containing two nutrient elements of nitrogen and phosphorus, and is widely used for agricultural production. It can be used as both base fertilizer and top dressing, not only suitable for dry-land crops, but also suitable for paddy-field crops, not only for acid soil, but also for alkaline soil, and has obvious yield-increasing effect on various crops, and its yield-increasing range is greater than that of monomer nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer with same nutrients, and the diammonium product contains small quantity of monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and other impurities besides diammonium phosphate as main component substance. The impurities mainly depend on the composition of the raw material phosphoric acid, and are sulfate radicals, fluosilicate radicals, fluoride ions, and salts or double salts consisting of iron, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium and the like.
Potassium nitrate, being a nitrate of potassium, of the formula KNO 3 (Potassium nitrate is an ionic compound and has no molecule, so there is no molecular weight, only formula weight). The appearance was a clear colorless or white powder, tasteless, and specific gravity (water = 1) of 2.11. The solubility in water was 13g/100mL (depending on the temperature, the higher the solubility, the more pronounced the change in potassium nitrate solubility among the chemicals is). Has lower deliquescence than sodium nitrate and has a salt taste stimulated by cooling. Dissolved in water and slightly dissolved in ethanol. Physical properties: the characteristics are as follows: colorless transparent prismatic or white particles or crystalline powders. Pungent and salty taste with cool feeling. Potassium nitrate is slightly deliquescent, and the deliquescence is smaller than that of sodium nitrate. Solubility: is easily soluble in water, and insoluble in anhydrous alcohol and diethyl ether. When dissolved in water, the solution absorbs heat and the temperature of the solution decreases.
Potassium sulfate is a salt consisting of sulfate ions and potassium ions, and is usually colorless or white crystals, granules, or powder. No smell, bitter taste. Is hard. The chemical properties are inactive. Is stable in air. The density was 2.66g/cm. Melting point 1069 ℃. The aqueous solution is neutral and has a pH of about 7 at room temperature. 1g is soluble in 8.3ml water, 4ml boiling water, 75ml glycerol, and insoluble in ethanol. The method is mainly used for biochemical detection of serum protein, a catalyst for Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, preparation of other potassium salts, fertilizers and medicines, preparation of glass, alum and the like. Is a basic raw material for producing various potassium salts such as potassium carbonate, potassium persulfate and the like. The glass industry is used as a clarifier. The dye industry is used as an intermediate. The perfumery industry uses as an adjuvant, etc. The pharmaceutical industry also uses as laxatives and the like. Potassium sulfate is a commonly used potash fertilizer in agriculture, has a potassium content of about 50%, and is commonly called "white jiali" in taiwan. In addition, potassium sulfate is industrially used for glass, dyes, perfumes, medicines, and the like. Agricultural use as chemical fertilizers is a raw material for the production of potassium salts. Potassium sulfate is used as an additive in electroplating, and acts as a conductive salt and an aid. The food industry is used as a general additive. The dye industry is used as an intermediate. The perfume industry is used as an adjuvant, etc. The pharmaceutical industry also uses as laxatives and the like. It is also used for biochemical detection of serum protein.
Calcium EDTA, disodium calcium EDTA; the molecular structure is as follows: the molecular formula is as follows: caNa EDTA 2 .2H 2 And O. Molecular weight: 410.13. physicochemical properties: quality standard of free-flowing white powder: 1 content of chelated calcium: more than or equal to 10 percent; 2pH (1% aqueous solution): 6.5-7.5;3pH value (20% water solution) 6.5-8.0;5 heavy metals: less than or equal to 10ppm (calculated by lead); 6, calcium content: 9.5 +/-0.5%. The application range is as follows: disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is used as a separating agent, is a stable water-soluble metal chelate compound, can chelate multivalent iron ions, and is exchanged with iron to form a more stable chelate compound. Packaging and storing: the packaging bag is a three-in-one composite bag, and 25 Kg/bag. The product should be stored in dry, ventilated and cool storehouse, and should not be mixed with alkaline substance and strong oxidant.
Magnesium sulfate is a compound containing magnesium and has a molecular formula of MgSO 4 (or MgSO) 4 ·7H 2 O). Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is a commonly used chemical and drying agent. However, magnesium sulfate is often referred to as magnesium sulfate heptahydrate because it is not readily soluble and is easier to weigh than anhydrous magnesium sulfate, facilitating quantitative control in the industry. Can be used as leather, explosive, paper, porcelain, fertilizer, and medical oral cathartic. Magnesium sulfate is used in agriculture as a fertilizer because magnesium is one of the main components of chlorophyll. Are commonly used for potted plants or crops that are deficient in magnesium, such as tomatoes, potatoes, roses, and the like. The advantage of magnesium sulfate over other fertilizers is solubilityHigher. Magnesium sulfate is also used as bath salt.
Amino acids are organic compounds containing a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. A compound wherein a hydrogen atom on a carbon atom of a carboxylic acid is substituted with an amino group. The amino acid molecule contains both amino and carboxyl functional groups. Like hydroxy acids, amino acids can be classified into the amino acids α, β, γ, w, depending on their position on the carbon chain, but the amino acids obtained after proteolysis are α -only 22 amino acids, including glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline, tryptophan, serine, tyrosine, cysteine, phenylalanine, asparagine, glutamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine, selenocysteine and pyrrolysine (found only in a few bacteria) are the basic units of proteins. Amino acids are the basic substances of animal nutritional proteins.
Preferably, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2.3-4 parts of EDTA calcium, 1.4-2.7 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4.6-8 parts of amino acid.
Preferably, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3 parts of EDTA calcium, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 6 parts of amino acid.
The invention discloses a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period. Because the fruit trees are in the expanding and color-changing period, potassium element and calcium element are particularly important; the potassium element can enlarge the fruit, and increase the sweetness and the color. Calcium and elements can not only prevent bitter pox due to calcium deficiency, but also thicken fruit peel to prevent sunburn. The major elements in the scheme are mainly potassium (accounting for about 70 percent) and are supplemented with other major, medium and trace elements, so that the requirements of potassium, calcium and other nutrients in the expansion period are met firstly. Meanwhile, the sulfur element can not only promote the absorption of other main nutrient elements by fruit trees, but also promote photosynthesis and improve the quality of fruits. The amino acid not only can enlarge fruits, but also can increase the nutrient substances of the fruits, so that the fruit surface is bright, and the quality of the fruits is improved.
A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting diammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and an additive according to corresponding parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the finished product is a powder water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the finished product contains 10wt% of nitrogen element, 6wt% of phosphorus element, 36wt% of potassium element, 3wt% of calcium element, 1wt% of magnesium element, 0.5wt% of sulfur element and 3.5wt% of amino acid.
An application method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period adopts the water-soluble fertilizer to be applied in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period and applied in soil;
the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied for 2 times from 10 days at 8 months to 30 days at 8 months every year, the time is respectively 1 time before and after 10 days at 8 months and 25 days at 8 months, and the fertilizing amount for each time is 5 percent of the fruit bearing amount in the current year. I.e. 50 kg of fertilizer is applied per 1000 kg of fruit bearing amount.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period. Because the fruit trees are in the expanding and color-changing period, potassium element and calcium element are particularly important; the potassium element can enlarge the fruit, and increase the sweetness and the color. Calcium and elements can not only prevent bitter pox caused by calcium deficiency, but also thicken fruit peel and prevent sunburn. The major elements in the scheme are mainly potassium (accounting for about 70 percent) and are supplemented with other major, medium and trace elements, so that the requirements on potassium, calcium and other nutrients in the expansion period are met firstly. Meanwhile, the sulfur element can not only promote the absorption of other main nutrient elements by fruit trees, but also promote photosynthesis and improve the quality of fruits. The amino acid can not only increase fruits, but also increase the nutrient substances of the fruits, so that the fruit surface is bright and the quality of the fruits is improved.
After the water-soluble fertilizer is used, the average fruit diameter is increased by 15 percent, the fruit size is increased by more than 20 percent, the coloring surface is improved by about 30 percent, and the solid soluble substances are increased by 2 percent. The application of the water-soluble fertilizer can realize organic-inorganic connection, and the water-soluble fertilizer can be quickly absorbed and transported to branches, leaves and fruits by plants for growth and development and nutrient accumulation, thereby achieving the purpose of large fruits and good fruits.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the specific conditions not specified in the examples are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions suggested by the manufacturer, and that the reagents or equipment used are not specified by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available through commercial purchase.
The technical scheme of a specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows:
the water-soluble fertilizer for the fruit tree in the expanding and color-changing period is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-18 parts of diammonium phosphate, 41-75 parts of potassium nitrate, 16-30 parts of potassium sulfate and 8.3-14.7 parts of an additive.
Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
13 parts of diammonium phosphate, 54.35 parts of potassium nitrate, 22 parts of potassium sulfate and 11 parts of an additive.
Preferably, the additive consists of calcium EDTA, magnesium sulfate and an amino acid.
Preferably, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2.3-4 parts of EDTA calcium, 1.4-2.7 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4.6-8 parts of amino acid.
Preferably, the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3 parts of EDTA calcium, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 6 parts of amino acid.
A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period comprises the following steps: selecting and uniformly mixing the diammonium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the potassium sulfate and the additive according to corresponding parts by weight to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the finished product is a powder water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the finished product contains 10wt% of nitrogen element, 6wt% of phosphorus element, 36wt% of potassium element, 3wt% of calcium element, 1wt% of magnesium element, 0.5wt% of sulfur element and 3.5wt% of amino acid.
An application method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period adopts the water-soluble fertilizer to be applied in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period and applied in soil;
the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied for 2 times from 10 days at 8 months to 30 days at 8 months every year, the time is respectively 1 time before and after 10 days at 8 months and 25 days at 8 months, and the fertilizing amount for each time is 5 percent of the fruit bearing amount in the current year. I.e. 50 kg of fertilizer is applied per 1000 kg of fruit bearing amount.
Example 1
A water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
100 g of diammonium phosphate, 410 g of potassium nitrate, 160 g of potassium sulfate, 23 g of calcium EDTA, 14 g of magnesium sulfate and 46 g of amino acid.
A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period comprises the following steps: selecting and uniformly mixing diamine phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, EDTA calcium, magnesium sulfate and amino acid according to corresponding mass parts to obtain a finished product.
The finished product is a powder water-soluble fertilizer.
The finished product contains 10wt% of nitrogen element, 6wt% of phosphorus element, 36wt% of potassium element, 3wt% of calcium element, 1wt% of magnesium element, 0.5wt% of sulfur element and 3.5wt% of amino acid.
Example 2
A water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
180 g of diammonium phosphate, 750 g of potassium nitrate, 300 g of potassium sulfate, 40 g of EDTA calcium, 27 g of magnesium sulfate and 80 g of amino acid.
A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period comprises the following steps: selecting and uniformly mixing diamine phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, EDTA calcium, magnesium sulfate and amino acid according to corresponding mass parts to obtain a finished product.
The finished product is a powder water-soluble fertilizer.
The finished product contains 10wt% of nitrogen element, 6wt% of phosphorus element, 36wt% of potassium element, 3wt% of calcium element, 1wt% of magnesium element, 0.5wt% of sulfur element and 3.5wt% of amino acid.
Example 3
A water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
130 g of diammonium phosphate, 543.5 g of potassium nitrate, 220 g of potassium sulfate, 30 g of calcium EDTA, 20 g of magnesium sulfate and 60 g of amino acid.
A preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the expanding and color-changing period of fruit trees comprises the following steps: diammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, EDTA calcium, magnesium sulfate and amino acid are selected according to corresponding mass parts and are uniformly mixed to obtain a finished product.
The finished product is a powder water-soluble fertilizer.
The finished product contains 10wt% of nitrogen element, 6wt% of phosphorus element, 36wt% of potassium element, 3wt% of calcium element, 1wt% of magnesium element, 0.5wt% of sulfur element and 3.5wt% of amino acid.
Examples of the experiments
Experimental groups: the finished preparation prepared in the above example 3 was selected as an experimental group;
the control group did not use any fertilizer (both the control group and the experimental group were 4 years old, and the number of fruits per mu was 4500).
The above data results show that: through comparison, the fruit diameter of the experimental group applied with the product in the technical scheme of the application is averagely increased by 12.5 percent; the net weight of the single fruit is averagely increased by 27.6 percent, and the coloring surface is improved by 24.1 percent; soluble solids increased by 2.1%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The water-soluble fertilizer for the fruit tree in the expanding and color-changing period is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-18 parts of diammonium phosphate, 41-75 parts of potassium nitrate, 16-30 parts of potassium sulfate and 8.3-14.7 parts of an additive.
2. The water-soluble fertilizer for the fruit tree in the expanding and color-changing period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
13 parts of diammonium phosphate, 54.35 parts of potassium nitrate, 22 parts of potassium sulfate and 11 parts of an additive.
3. The water-soluble fertilizer for fruit trees in the expanding and color-changing period as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive is composed of calcium EDTA, magnesium sulfate and amino acid.
4. The water-soluble fertilizer for the fruit trees in the expanding and color-changing period according to claim 3, wherein the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2.3-4 parts of EDTA calcium, 1.4-2.7 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4.6-8 parts of amino acid.
5. The water-soluble fertilizer for the fruit trees in the expanding and color-changing period according to claim 4, wherein the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3 parts of EDTA calcium, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 6 parts of amino acid.
6. A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer for fruit trees as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which comprises: selecting and uniformly mixing the diammonium phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the potassium sulfate and the additive according to corresponding parts by weight to obtain a finished product.
7. The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer for the fruit trees in the expanding and color-changing period as claimed in claim 6, wherein the finished product is a powder water-soluble fertilizer.
8. The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer for the fruit trees in the expanding and color-changing period as claimed in claim 7, wherein the finished product contains 10wt% of nitrogen element, 6wt% of phosphorus element, 36wt% of potassium element, 3wt% of calcium element, 1wt% of magnesium element, 0.5wt% of sulfur element and 3.5wt% of amino acid.
9. An application method of a water-soluble fertilizer used in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period is characterized in that the water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is applied in the fruit tree swelling and color-changing period and applied in soil;
the fertilizing method specifically comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied for 2 times from 10 days at 8 months to 30 days at 8 months every year, the time is respectively 1 time before and after 10 days at 8 months and 25 days at 8 months, and the fertilizing amount for each time is 5 percent of the fruit bearing amount in the current year.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105237281A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2016-01-13 | 上海永通化工有限公司 | Fertilizer functional additive, muskmelon special-use formula fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110357692A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-22 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of water soluble fertilizer set meal suitable for the apple fertigation of Bohai Rim producing region |
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- 2022-11-09 CN CN202211401388.7A patent/CN115677399A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105237281A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2016-01-13 | 上海永通化工有限公司 | Fertilizer functional additive, muskmelon special-use formula fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110357692A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-22 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of water soluble fertilizer set meal suitable for the apple fertigation of Bohai Rim producing region |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 闫鹏科等: "宁夏"富士"苹果大量元素动态分析和需肥规律", 《中国土壤与肥料》, vol. 1, no. 1, pages 113 - 118 * |
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