CN115666653A - 抗体-药物缀合物 - Google Patents
抗体-药物缀合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115666653A CN115666653A CN202180038130.2A CN202180038130A CN115666653A CN 115666653 A CN115666653 A CN 115666653A CN 202180038130 A CN202180038130 A CN 202180038130A CN 115666653 A CN115666653 A CN 115666653A
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗体‑药物缀合物,包含:(i)抗体或其抗原结合片段,(ii)包含特定重复单元的聚合物,所述重复单元包含氨基酸衍生物,其任选地通过接头共价结合至一个或多个生物活性部分,如小分子药物,和(iii)聚合物‑抗体接头部分,其共价结合至聚合物和抗体或其抗原结合片段。此外,本发明涉及包含抗体‑药物缀合物的药物组合物以及所述抗体‑药物缀合物在医学中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗体-药物缀合物,包含:(i)抗体或其抗原结合片段,(ii)包含特定重复单元的聚合物,所述重复单元包含氨基酸衍生物,其任选地通过接头共价结合至一个或多个生物活性部分,如小分子药物,和(iii)聚合物-抗体接头部分,其共价结合至聚合物和抗体或其抗原结合片段。此外,本发明涉及包含抗体-药物缀合物的药物组合物以及所述抗体-药物缀合物在医学中的用途。
背景技术
抗体药物缀合物(antibody drug conjugate,ADC)是一类高效的生物制药药物,其具有多种治疗用途。例如,在肿瘤学领域,ADC可用于使用抗体靶向癌细胞,细胞毒性药物通过接头连接至抗体。尽管有这些好处,但由于通常可以实现3-4的低药物-抗体比(drug-to-antibody ratio,DAR),故ADC的开发受到了限制。通常,对于传统的ADC,每个接头只能将一种药物连接至抗体。该限定限制了ADC的治疗指数和可用于ADC的药物范围,因为只有高度细胞毒性的药物能够被利用。这也增加了患者不良反应的发生率。此外,迄今为止增加DAR的尝试已导致ADC的聚集,从而使其无效。
因此,需要能够支持高DAR但也具有理想的物理化学性能,例如高的水溶性和稳定性的新的ADC。
发明内容
本发明提供了含有特定的聚合物接头的ADC,其使得能够在水性溶液中具有良好的稳定性和高的溶解度。本发明中使用的特定的聚合物接头还能够支持高的DAR,并且能够将许多不同的生物活性分子(通常,4个或更多,8个或更多,优选12个或更多,更优选16个或更多,和最优选多达20个或更多的生物活性分子)缀合至单个抗体。如此高的DAR能够提高治疗指数。
此外,本发明ADC中使用的特定的聚合物还使得生物活性分子从缀合物的释放速率得到控制。该释放速率取决于ADC内共价的聚合物-药物或接头-药物键的降解。不同类型的共价连接会在不同的(例如)pH、酶条件下水解。
本发明的ADC中使用的特定的聚合物还使得多种不同类型的药物部分能够与聚合物缀合。这尤其对于使用两种或更多种活性剂实现靶向联合疗法会是有用的。联合疗法在肿瘤学和传染病的治疗中特别有用。联合疗法中使用的药物通常具有互补的作用方式和/或具有累加或协同的治疗效果。然而,使用多种药物的治疗方案总是复杂且密集。在给定的时间点频繁给药和同时施用几种不同的药物是司空见惯的。与更直接的方案相比,这种复杂的方案往往具有较低的患者依从性和耐受性。因此,将多种药物缀合至具有高DAR和有利的物理化学性能的单个抗体的能力为联合疗法提供了新的机会。
还令人惊讶地发现,即使在高DAR的情况下,用于本发明的ADC的特定聚合物也防止溶液中ADC的凝聚/聚集,并且与具有不同聚合物主链/接头的对照ADC相比具有改善的血清稳定性。
因此,本发明提供了一种抗体-药物缀合物,包含:
(i)抗体或其抗原结合片段;
(ii)包含式(I)的重复单元的聚合物:
其中:
X选自O、NH、NRA和S;
Y选自C=O、C=NH、C=NRA和C=S;
R为氢或C1-20烃基;
RA为C1-20烃基;
每个Q独立地选自-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-、-T1O(CH2CH2O)sT2-和-T1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT2-,其中,T1选自二价亚甲基(methylene)、亚乙基(ethylene)、亚丙基(propylene)或亚丁基(butylene),并且T2选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,
o为0至100的整数;
s为0至150的整数;
x为1至6的整数;并且
每个Z独立地选自式(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)或(v)的基团:
其中,
当Z为式(i)或(ii)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-H表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L1为接头基团;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iii)的基团时:
-AA=为三价部分,使得-AA=O表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L2为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iv)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-CH=CH2或-AA-C≡CH表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
当Z为式(v)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-N3表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
(iii)聚合物-抗体接头,其共价结合至所述抗体和所述聚合物。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,包含根据本发明的抗药-抗体缀合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
本发明进一步提供了根据任何本发明的抗体-药物缀合物用于治疗有需要的患者的疾病或病症(condition)。
本发明进一步提供了一种治疗人类患者的如本文所定义的疾病或病症的方法,其中,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用至少一种根据本发明的抗体-药物缀合物。
本发明进一步提供了根据本发明的抗体-药物缀合物在制备用于治疗患者的如本文所定义的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
本发明进一步提供了一种靶向剂-药物缀合物,包含:
(i)靶向剂;
(ii)包含式(I)的重复单元的聚合物;以及
(iii)聚合物-靶向剂接头,其共价结合至所述靶向剂和所述聚合物。
附图说明
图1:结构单元(blocking unit)(3)在CDCl3中于400MHz和298K的1H-NMR谱图。
图2:聚合物(1)的质谱图。
图3:聚合物(4)的质谱图。
图4:MMAE试剂(5)的LC-MS谱图。
图5:MMAE试剂(5)的LC-MS谱图。
图6:聚合物-药物缀合物(6)在214nm处的RP-UPLC谱图。
图7:聚合物-药物缀合物(6)的LC-MS谱图。
图8:肿瘤体积与时间的关系图显示了MMAE ADC在NCI-N87人胃癌CDX模型中的体内抗肿瘤功效。ADC=如实施例3中所描述生成的MMAE ADC。
图9:聚合物(7)的LC-MS分析。
图10:聚合物(8)的LC-MS分析。
图11:SN-38聚合物缀合物(11)的RP-HPLC(λ=214nm)分析。
图12:SN-38聚合物缀合物(11)的LC-MS分析。
图13:SN-38聚合物缀合物(13)的RP-HPLC(λ=214nm)分析。
图14:SN-38聚合物缀合物(13)的LC-MS分析。
具体实施方式
定义
如本文所使用的,术语“聚合物”是指包含重复单元的化合物。聚合物通常具有大于1的多分散度。聚合物通常包含主链、侧链和末端。主链是所有侧链都悬垂在其上的线性链。侧链是悬垂在主链上或从主链上分支出来的基团。末端是主链的端部。
如本文所使用的,术语“生物活性部分”是指任何通过去除氢自由基而衍生自生物活性分子的部分。“生物活性分子”是在体内施用时能够诱导生化应答的任何分子。通常,生物活性分子在施用于动物(或优选人)时能够产生局部或全身生化应答;优选地,局部或全身响应是治疗活性。生物活性分子的优选例子包括药物、肽、蛋白质、肽模拟物、抗体、抗原、DNA、RNA、mRNA、小干扰RNA、小发夹RNA、微小RNA、PNA、折叠体、碳水化合物、碳水化合物衍生物、非利平斯基分子(non-Lipinski molecule)、合成肽和合成寡核苷酸,最优选地是小分子药物。
如本文所使用的,术语“小分子药物”是指对动物(如人类)具有已知的生物学效应的化学化合物。通常,药物是用于治疗、预防或诊断疾病的化合物。优选的小分子药物具有生物学活性,因为它们在动物,优选哺乳动物,更优选人类中产生局部或系统作用。小分子药物可被称为“药物分子”或“药物”。通常,药物分子具有小于或等于约5kDa的MW。优选地,药物分子具有小于或等于约1.5kDa的MW。尽管不是详尽地,一个更加完整的适用于本发明的类别和特定药物的列表可以在Axel Kleemann和Jurgen Engel的“PharmaceuticalSubstances:Syntheses,Patents,Applications”(Thieme Medical Publishing,1999)和Susan Budavari等人编辑的“Merck Index:An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,Drugs,andBiologicals”(CRC Press,1996年)中发现,两者均通过引用以其整体并入本文。
如本文所使用的,术语“肽”是指生物学产生的或合成的通过肽(酰胺)键连接的氨基酸单体的短链。当一个氨基酸的羧基与另一氨基酸的氨基反应时,形成共价化学键。最短的肽是二肽,其由两个氨基酸通过单个肽键连接而成,其次是三肽、四肽等。多肽是一条长的、连续的且无分枝的肽链。因此,肽与核酸、寡糖和多糖等一起落在生物低聚物和聚合物的广义化学类别的范围内。
如本文所使用的,术语“氨基酸”指任何天然的或合成的氨基酸,即,包含碳、氢、氧和氮原子且包含氨基(-NH2)和羧酸(-COOH)官能团的有机化合物。通常,氨基酸是α-氨基酸、β-氨基酸、γ-氨基酸或δ-氨基酸。氨基酸可以是22种天然产生的蛋白原性α-氨基酸中的一种。可替代地,氨基酸是合成的氨基酸,其选自α-氨基正丁酸、正缬氨酸(Norvaline)、正亮氨酸(Norleucine)、别异亮氨酸(Alloisoleucine)、t-亮氨酸、α-氨基正庚酸、哌可酸(Pipecolic acid)、α,β-二氨基丙酸、α,γ-二氨基丁酸、鸟氨酸(Ornithine)、别苏氨酸(Allothreonine)、高半胱氨酸(Homocysteine)、高丝氨酸(Homoserine)、β-丙氨酸(β-Alanine)、β-氨基正丁酸、β-氨基异丁酸、γ-氨基丁酸、α-氨基异丁酸、异缬氨酸、肌氨酸(Sarcosine)、N-乙基甘氨酸、N-丙基甘氨酸、N-异丙基甘氨酸、N-甲基丙氨酸、N-乙基丙氨酸、N-甲基β-丙氨酸、N-乙基β-丙氨酸、异丝氨酸、α-羟基γ-氨基丁酸、高正亮氨酸(Homonorleucine)、O-甲基-高丝氨酸、O-乙基-高丝氨酸、硒代高半胱氨酸(selenohomocysteine)、硒代蛋氨酸、硒代乙硫氨酸、羧基谷氨酸(Carboxyglutamicacid)、羟脯氨酸(Hydroxyproline)、高赖氨酸(Hypusine)、焦谷氨酸(Pyroglutamicacid)、氨基异丁酸、脱氢丙氨酸、β-丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、δ-氨基乙酰丙酸、4-氨基苯甲酸、瓜氨酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸、3-氨基丙酸、羟色氨酸(hydroxytryptophan)、硒代高半胱氨酸、α-氨基甘氨酸和二氨基乙酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸和α,γ-二氨基丁酸、氨基-2-酮基丁酸、4-乙酰苯丙氨酸和甲酰甘氨酸、叠氮基赖氨酸、叠氮基鸟氨酸、叠氮基亮氨酸、叠氮基丙氨酸、叠氮基高丙氨酸、4-叠氮基苯丙氨酸和4-叠氮基甲基苯丙氨酸、高烯丙基甘氨酸、4-乙炔基苯丙氨酸、4-炔丙基氧基苯丙氨酸、炔丙基甘氨酸、4-(2-丙炔基)脯氨酸、2-氨基-6-({[(1R,8S)-双环[6.1.0]壬-4-炔-9-基甲氧基]羰基}氨基)己酸(2-amino-6-({[(1R,8S)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethoxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoic acid)和高炔丙基甘氨酸。具备立体中心的氨基酸可以呈现为单个对映体或对映体的混合物(例如外消旋混合物)。优选地,如果氨基酸是α-氨基酸,则氨基酸具有围绕α-碳立体中心的L立体化学。
如本文所使用的,术语“蛋白质”是指包含氨基酸单体的聚合物的生物分子,所述聚合物基于尺寸与肽不同,并且作为任意基准,可以理解为包含约50个或更多的氨基酸。蛋白质由一种或多种以生物功能方式排列的多肽组成,通常与如辅酶和辅因子等配体结合,或与另一种蛋白质或其他大分子(DNA、RNA等)结合,或与复杂的大分子组装体(macromolecular assembly)结合。
如本文所使用的,术语“肽模拟物”是指设计成用于模拟肽的小蛋白样链。它们通常来自对现有肽的修饰,或通过设计模拟肽的类似系统(如类肽(peptoid)和β-肽)而产生。不管采用何种方法,改变的化学结构设计成有利地调整分子特性,如稳定性或生物活性。这可以在从现有肽开发药物类化合物中发挥作用。这些修饰涉及不会天然产生的肽的改变(如改变的主链和非天然氨基酸的掺入)。
如本文所使用的,术语“mRNA”是指信使RNA,一种将遗传信息从DNA传递到核糖体的RNA分子家族,其中它们指定基因表达的蛋白质产物的氨基酸序列。在RNA聚合酶转录初级转录物mRNA(称为前mRNA)后,经过处理的成熟mRNA被翻译成氨基酸的聚合物:蛋白质。与在DNA中一样,mRNA遗传信息位于核苷酸序列中,核苷酸序列排列成分别由三个碱基组成的密码子。除了终止蛋白质合成的终止密码子外,每个密码子都编码一个特定的氨基酸。将密码子翻译成氨基酸的此过程需要其他两种类型的RNA:转运RNA(tRNA),其介导密码子的识别并提供相应的氨基酸;以及核糖体RNA(rRNA),其为核糖体的蛋白质制造机制的中心组件。
如本文所使用的,术语“小干扰RNA”(siRNA)是指一类长度为20-25个碱基对的双链RNA分子。siRNA发挥着许多作用,但在RNA干扰(RNAi)途径中最为显著,在该途径中它干扰具有互补核苷酸序列的特定基因的表达。siRNA通过导致mRNA在转录后分解而发挥作用,从而导致不翻译。siRNA还作用于RNAi相关途径,例如作为抗病毒机制或塑造基因组的染色质结构。
如本文所使用的,术语“小发夹RNA”(shRNA)是指具有紧凑发夹转角(turn)的人工RNA分子,其可用于通过RNA干扰(RNAi)使靶基因表达沉默。shRNA在细胞中的表达通常是通过递送质粒或通过病毒或细菌载体来实现的。shRNA是一种有利的RNAi调节物,因为它具有相对较低的降解和翻转(turnover)率。
如本文所使用的,术语“微小RNA”(miRNA)是指在植物、动物和一些病毒中发现的小的非编码RNA分子(包含约22个核苷酸),其在RNA沉默和基因表达的转录后调控中发挥作用。
如本文所使用的,术语“PNA”是指肽核酸,一种类似于DNA或RNA的人工合成的聚合物,由Peter E.Nielsen(哥本哈根大学)、Michael Egholm(哥本哈根大学)、Rolf H.Berg(国家实验室)和Ole Buchardt(哥本哈根大学)于1991年发明。PNA的主链由通过肽键连接的重复的N-(2-氨基乙基)-甘氨酸单元组成。各种嘌呤和嘧啶碱基通过亚甲基桥(-CH2-)和羰基((C=O)-)连接至主链。
如本文所使用的,术语“DNA”是指脱氧核糖核酸及其衍生物,该分子携带用于所有已知活生物体和许多病毒的发育、功能化和繁殖的大部分遗传指令。大部分DNA分子由两条相互缠绕以形成双螺旋的生物聚合物链组成。该两条DNA链被称为多核苷酸,因为它们由更简单的被称为核苷酸的单元组成。每个核苷酸都由含氮碱基-胞嘧啶(C)、鸟嘌呤(G)、腺嘌呤(A)或胸腺嘧啶(T)-以及被称为脱氧核糖的单糖和磷酸基团组成。核苷酸通过一个核苷酸的糖与下一个核苷酸的磷酸之间的共价键彼此连接成一条链,从而形成交替的糖-磷酸主链。根据碱基配对规则(A与T,C与G),氢键结合两条独立多核苷酸链的含氮碱基,以形成双链DNA。
如本文所使用的,术语“折叠体”是指在溶液中折叠成构象有序状态的离散的链分子或低聚物。它们是模拟蛋白质、核酸和多糖的能力以折叠成明确定义的构象(如螺旋和β-折叠)的人造分子。非相邻单体之间的非共价相互作用稳定了折叠体的结构。
如本文所使用的,术语“碳水化合物”是指由碳(C)、氢(H)和氧(O)原子组成的生物分子,通常氢:氧原子的比例为2:1(如在水中);换言之,具有经验式Cm(H2O)n(其中m可以不同于n)。存在一些例外;例如,脱氧核糖,DNA的糖组分,具有经验式C5H10O4。在技术上,碳水化合物是碳的水合物;在结构上,将它们视为多羟基醛和酮更为准确。该术语在生物化学中最常见,其中,它是糖类(包括糖、淀粉和纤维素的组)的同义词。糖类分为四个化学组:单糖、双糖、寡糖和多糖。
如本文所使用的,术语“非利平斯基分子”是指不符合利平斯基五规则(Lipinski's rule of five)(也称为辉瑞五规则(Pfizer's rule of five)或简称为五规则(Rule offive,RO5))的分子,该规则是评估药物相似性或确定具有某种药理或生物活性的化合物是否具有使其成为人类可能的口服活性药物的特性的经验法则(rule of thumb)。该规则由Christopher A.Lipinski于1997年基于观察到大多数口服药物是相对较小且中等亲脂性的分子制定的。该规则描述了对药物在人体内的药代动力学很重要的分子特性,包括它们的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(“ADME”)。但是,该规则不能预测化合物是否具有药理活性。
如本文所使用的,术语“酸不稳定的”是指键在酸性条件(例如pH<7时)下断裂。
如本文所使用的,术语“直接结合(direct bond)”的意思是不存在中间原子。因此,例如,重复单元和药物之间的直接结合是指药物的官能团附接至重复单元的原子,即两者之间没有使用接头基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“C1-20烃基”是指包含氢和1至20个碳原子的任何一价烃基。因此,烃基由碳和氢组成。烃基的示例包括烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烯基和炔基基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“烷基”是指具有前缀中所示碳原子数的直链或支链饱和一价烃基。因此,术语“C1-4烷基”是指一到四个碳原子的直链饱和一价烃基或者三或四个碳原子的支链饱和一价烃基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基和叔丁基。优选地,烷基为C1-20烷基,更优选地为C1-12烷基,仍更优选地为C1-8烷基,最优选地为C1-4烷基。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚烷基”是指具有前缀中所示碳原子数的直链饱和二价烃基或支链饱和二价烃基,例如亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、1-甲基亚丙基、2-甲基亚丙基、亚丁基、亚戊基等。优选地,亚烷基为C1-20亚烷基,更优选地为C1-12亚烷基,仍更优选地为C1-8亚烷基,最优选地为C1-4亚烷基。
如本文所使用的,术语“烯基”是指具有前缀中所示的碳原子数并包含至少一个双键的直链或支链饱和一价烃基。因此,术语“C2-6烯基”是指具有至少一个双键的二至六个碳原子的直链饱和一价烃基,或具有至少一个双键的三至六个碳原子的支链饱和一价烃基,例如乙烯基、丙烯基、1,3-丁二烯基、(CH2)2CH=C(CH3)2、CH2CH=CHCH(CH3)2等。优选地,烯基为C2-20烯基,更优选地为C2-12烯基,仍更优选地为C2-8烯基,最优选地为C2-4烯基。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚烯基(alkenylene)”是指具有前缀中所示的碳原子数并包含至少一个双键的直链饱和二价烃基或支链饱和二价烃基,例如亚乙烯基(ethenylene)、亚丙烯基(propenylene)、1-甲基亚丙烯基(1-methylpropenylene)、2-甲基亚丙烯基(2-methylpropenylene)、亚丁烯基(butenylene)、亚戊烯基(pentenylene)等。优选地,亚烯基为C2-20亚烯基,更优选地为C2-12亚烯基,仍更优选地为C2-8亚烯基,最优选地为C2-4亚烯基。
如本文所使用的,术语“炔基”是指具有前缀中所示碳原子数并包含至少一个三键的直链或支链饱和一价烃基。因此,术语“C2-6炔基”是指具有至少一个三键的二至六个碳原子的直链饱和一价烃基,或具有至少一个双键的四至六个碳原子的支链饱和一价烃基,例如乙炔基、丙炔基等。优选地,炔基为C2-20炔基,更优选地为C2-12炔基,仍更优选地为C2-8炔基,最优选地为C2-4炔基。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚炔基(alkynylene)”是指具有前缀中所示碳原子数并含有至少一个三键的直链饱和二价烃基或支链饱和二价烃基,例如亚乙炔基(ethynylene)、亚丙炔基(propynylene)、1-甲基亚丙炔基(1-methylpropynylene)、2-甲基亚丙炔基(2-methylpropynylene)、亚丁炔基(butynylene)、亚戊炔基(pentynylene)等。优选地,亚炔基为C2-20亚炔基,更优选地为C2-12亚炔基,仍更优选地为C2-8亚炔基,最优选地为C2-4亚炔基。
如本文所使用的,术语“环烷基”是指三至十个碳原子的环状饱和一价烃基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基等。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚环烷基(cycloalkylene)”是指三至十个碳原子的环状饱和二价烃基,例如亚环丙基(cyclopropylene)、亚环丁基(cyclobutylene)、亚环戊基(cyclopentylene)或亚环己基(cyclohexylene)等。优选地,亚环烷基为C3-10亚环烷基,更优选地为C3-8亚环烷基,最优选地为C3-6亚环烷基。如本文所使用的,术语“杂环基”是指4至8个环原子的饱和或不饱和单价单环基团,其中,一个或两个环原子为选自N、O或S(O)n的杂原子,其中,n为0至2的整数,剩余的环原子为C。杂环基环任选地稠合至如本文定义的(一个)芳基或杂芳基环,条件是芳基和杂芳基环是单环的。此外,杂环基环中的一个或两个环碳原子可以任选地被-CO-基团替换。更具体地,术语杂环基包括但不限于吡咯烷基(pyrrolidino)、哌啶基(piperidino)、高哌啶基(homopiperidino)、2-氧代吡咯烷基(2-oxopyrrolidinyl)、2-氧代哌啶基(2-oxopiperidinyl)、吗啉基(morpholino)、哌嗪基(piperazino)、四氢吡喃基(tetrahydropyranyl)、硫代吗啉基(thiomorpholino)等。当杂环基环不饱和时,它可以包含一个或两个环双键,条件是该环不是芳香环。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚杂环基(heterocyclylene)”是指4至8个环原子的饱和或不饱和二价单环基团,其中,一个或两个环原子为选自N、O或S(O)n的杂原子,其中,n为0至2的整数,剩余的环原子为C。亚杂环基环任选地稠合至如本文定义的(一个)芳基或杂芳基环,条件是芳基环和杂芳基环是单环的。此外,亚杂环基环中的一个或两个环碳原子可以任选地被-CO-基团替换。更具体地,术语亚杂环基包括但不限于吡咯烷基亚基(pyrrolidinylene)、哌啶基亚基(piperidinylene)、高哌啶基亚基(homopiperidinylene)、2-氧代吡咯烷基亚基(2-oxopyrrolidinylene)、2-氧代哌啶基亚基(2-oxopiperidinylene)、吗啉基亚基(morpholinylene)、哌嗪基亚基(piperazinylene)、四氢吡喃基亚基(tetrahydropyranylene)、硫代吗啉基亚基(thiomorpholinylene)等。当亚杂环基环不饱和时,它可以含有一个或两个环双键,条件是该环不是芳香环。
如本文所使用的,术语“芳基”是指6至10个环原子的一价单环或双环芳香族烃基,例如苯基或萘基等。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚芳基(arylene)”是指6至10个环原子的二价单环或双环芳香族烃基,例如苯基或萘基等。优选地,亚芳基为亚苯基或亚萘基。
如本文所使用的,术语“芳烷基(aralkyl)”是指-(亚烷基)-R基,其中,R是如上定义的芳基。优选地,亚烷基为C1-20亚烷基,更优选地为C1-12亚烷基,仍更优选地为C1-8亚烷基,最优选地为C1-4亚烷基。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚芳烷基(aralkylene)”是指-(亚烷基)-R二价基,其中,R是如上定义的亚芳基。优选地,亚芳烷基为C7-20亚芳烷基,更优选地为C7-14亚芳烷基,最优选地为C7-10亚芳烷基。
如本文所使用的,术语“杂芳基(heteroaryl)”是指5至10个环原子的一价单环或双环芳香族基,其中,一个或多个,优选一个、两个或三个环原子为选自N、O或S的杂原子,剩余的环原子为碳。代表性示例包括但不限于吡咯基、噻吩基、噻唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、恶唑基、异恶唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并恶唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、三唑基、四唑基等。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚杂芳基(heteroarylene)”是指5至10个环原子的二价单环或双环芳香族基,其中,一个或多个,优选一个、两个或三个环原子为选自N、O或S的杂原子,剩余的环原子为碳。代表性示例包括但不限于亚吡咯基(pyrrolylene)、亚噻吩基(thienylene)、亚噻唑基(thiazolylene)、亚咪唑基(imidazolylene)、亚呋喃基(furanylene)、亚吲哚基(indolylene)、亚异吲哚基(isoindolylene)、亚恶唑基(oxazolylene)、亚异恶唑基(isoxazolylene)、亚苯并噻唑基(benzothiazolylene)、亚苯并恶唑基(benzoxazolylene)、亚喹啉基(quinolinylene)、亚异喹啉基(isoquinolinylene)、亚吡啶基(pyridinylene)、亚嘧啶基(pyrimidinylene)、亚吡嗪基(pyrazinylene)、亚哒嗪基(pyridazinylene)、亚三唑基(triazolylene)、亚四唑基(tetrazolylene)等。
如本文所使用的,术语“杂芳烷基(heteroaralkyl)”是指-(亚烷基)-R基,其中,R是如上定义的杂芳基。优选的亚烷基为如以上对于芳烷基所定义的。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚杂芳烷基(heteroaralkylene)”是指-(亚烷基)-R二价基,其中,R是如上定义的亚杂芳基。优选地,亚杂芳烷基为C6-20亚杂芳烷基,更优选地为C6-14亚杂芳烷基,最优选地为C6-10亚杂芳烷基。
任选的可以在烷基、亚烷基、烯基、亚烯基、炔基、亚炔基、环烷基、亚环烷基、杂环基、亚杂环基、芳基、亚芳基、芳烷基、亚芳烷基、杂芳基、亚杂芳基、杂芳烷基和亚杂芳烷基基团上存在的取代基包括C1-16烷基或C1-16环烷基(其中,一个或多个不相邻的C原子可以被O、S、N、C=O和-COO-替换)、取代或未取代的C5-14芳基、取代或未取代的C5-14杂芳基、C1-16烷氧基、C1-16烷硫基、卤素、氰基和芳烷基。
如本文所使用的,术语“烷氧基”是指-OR基团,其中,R是如上定义的烷基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基等。优选地,烷氧基为C1-20烷氧基,更优选地为C1-12烷氧基,仍更优选地为C1-8烷氧基,最优选地为C1-4烷氧基。
如本文所使用的,术语“烷硫基”是指-SR,其中,R是如上定义的烷基。优选地,烷硫基为C1-20烷硫基,更优选地为C1-12烷硫基,仍更优选地为C1-8烷硫基,最优选地为C1-4烷硫基。
如本文所使用的,术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘,优选氟或氯。
如本文所使用的,术语“酮基”是指羰基,其中,羰基的碳原子还结合至两个碳原子。
如本文所使用的,术语“肼”是指式-NH-NH2的基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“酰肼(hydrazide)”是指式R’(CO)-NH-NH2的基团,其中,R’可以是氢或C1-20烃基。
如本文所使用的,术语“腙”是指式=N-NH-的基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“胺”是指式-NH2、NHR或NR2的基团,其中,R为C1-20烃基。
如本文所使用的,术语“亚胺”是指式=N-的基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“羟基”是指式-OH的基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“缩酮”是指式-C(OR)2-的基团,其中,每个R为C1-20烃基或两个R基团一起形成烃基环。
如本文所使用的,术语“硫醇”是指式-SH的基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“硫缩酮(thioketal)”是指式-C(SR)2-的基团,其中,每个R为C1-20烃基或两个R基团一起形成烃基环。
如本文所使用的,术语“肟”是指式=N-O-的基团。
如本文所使用的,术语“氨氧基(aminoxy)”或“羟胺”是指式-O-NH2的基团。R-O-NH2是指烷氧基胺。
如本文所使用的,应用于聚合物的术语“Mn”是指聚合物的数均分子量。
如本文所使用的,应用于聚合物的术语“Mw”是指聚合物的重均分子量。
如本文所使用的,术语“多分散度”(也称为PD或)是指聚合物的重均分子量与数均分子量的比值,即它是聚合物样品的均匀性的量度。低多分散度表示聚合物样品内的窄的分子质量的分布,而高多分散度表示聚合物样品内的宽的分子质量的分布。
抗体-药物缀合物
本发明涉及一种抗体-药物缀合物,包含:(i)抗体或其抗原结合片段,(ii)包含特定的重复单元的聚合物,其任选地通过接头共价结合至一个或多个生物活性部分,如小分子药物,和(iii)聚合物-抗体接头部分,其共价结合至聚合物和抗体或其抗原结合片段。用于将生物活性部分连接到聚合物重复单元的接头基团在本领域中是众所周知的。有利地,直到聚合物与生物活性部分之间或接头基团与生物活性部分之间的共价键断裂,例如水解,生物活性部分才从聚合物中释放出来。生物活性部分的释放的位置和生物活性部分的释放的速率因此可以通过选择将ADC引导至作用位点的抗体,并且调整聚合物与生物活性部分之间的键或接头基团与生物活性部分之间的键的性质而进行控制。
本发明的抗体-药物缀合物包含:
(i)抗体或其抗原结合片段;
(ii)包含式(I)的重复单元的聚合物:
其中:
X选自O、NH、NRA和S;
Y选自C=O、C=NH、C=NRA和C=S;
R为氢或C1-20烃基;
RA为C1-20烃基;
每个Q独立地选自-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-、-T1O(CH2CH2O)sT2-和-T1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT2-,其中,T1选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,并且T2选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,
o为0至100的整数;
s为0至150的整数;
x为1至6的整数;并且
每个Z独立地选自式(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)或(v)的基团:
其中,
当Z为式(i)或(ii)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-H表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L1为接头基团;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iii)的基团时:
-AA=为三价部分,使得-AA=O表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L2为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iv)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-CH=CH2或-AA-C≡CH表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
并且当Z为式(v)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-N3表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
(iii)聚合物-抗体接头,其共价结合至所述抗体和所述聚合物。
抗体的结构特征
该部分阐述了在本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中存在的抗体的可能的结构特征。
本文所指的术语“抗体”包括完整抗体和其任何抗原结合片段(即“抗原结合部分”)或单链,以及双特异性抗体及其变体。抗体也可以称为免疫球蛋白(Ig)。抗体是指包含通过二硫键相互连接的至少两条重(H)链与两条轻(L)链的糖蛋白,或其抗原结合部分。每条重链由重链可变区(本文缩写为VH)和重链恒定区组成。每条轻链由轻链可变区(本文缩写为VL)和轻链恒定区组成。重链和轻链的可变区包含与抗原相互作用的结合结构域。抗原是引起动物体的免疫系统产生免疫应答的任何试剂,例如化学品、细菌、病毒或花粉。VH区和VL区可以进一步细分为称为互补决定区(complementarity determining region,CDR)的超变异性(hypervariability)的区域,其穿插有称为框架区(FR)的更保守的区域。抗体的恒定区可以介导免疫球蛋白与宿主组织或因子的结合,宿主组织或因子包括免疫系统的各种细胞(例如效应细胞)和经典补体系统的第一组分(Clq)。
抗体可以是单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。通常,抗体是单克隆抗体。可替代地,抗体是多克隆抗体。多克隆抗体为来源于不同B细胞系的抗体。多克隆抗体可以包含针对特定抗原的不同免疫球蛋白分子的混合物。多克隆抗体可包含结合抗原分子内的一个或多个不同表位的不同免疫球蛋白分子的混合物。多克隆抗体可以通过常规方法生产,例如用感兴趣的抗原进行免疫。例如,能够表达抗体的小鼠或绵羊可以用免疫原性缀合物进行免疫。动物可以任选地能够表达人抗体序列。随后可以移除血液并纯化Ig级分以提取多克隆抗体。
单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody,mAb)是彼此相同且对特定表位具有单一结合特异性和亲和力的免疫球蛋白分子。单克隆双特异性抗体(BsmAb)为可以同时结合至两种不同类型的抗原的mAb。用于本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的mAb可以通过多种技术生产,包括常规的单克隆抗体方法,例如在“Monoclonal Antibodies;A manual of techniques”,HZola(CRC出版社,1988年)和“Monoclonal Hybridoma Antibodies:Techniques andApplication”,SGR Hurrell(CRC出版社,1982年)中公开的那些。
术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”是指保留与抗原(如蛋白质、多肽或肽)特异性结合的能力的抗体片段。已经表明,抗体的抗原结合功能可以通过全长抗体的片段来实现。术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”中包含的结合片段的示例包括Fab片段、F(ab')2片段、Fab'片段、Fd片段、Fv片段、dAb片段和分离的互补决定区(CDR)。单链抗体(如scFv)和重链抗体(如VHH)和骆驼抗体也旨在包含在术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”内。这些抗体片段可以使用本领域技术人员已知的常规技术获得,并且可以以与完整抗体相同的方式筛选片段以供使用。
如本文所定义的抗体“片段”可以通过截短(truncation)来制备,例如通过从其N端和/或C端去除一个或多个氨基酸。高达10个、高达20个、高达30个、高达40个或更多的氨基酸可以通过这种方式从N端和/或C端去除。片段也可以由一个或多个内部缺失产生。片段可包含至少10、至少15、至少20、至少25、至少30、至少35、至少40、至少45、至少55、至少60、至少65、至少70、至少75、至少80、至少85、至少90、至少95、至少100、至少105、至少120、至少150、至少200、至少250、至少300或至少400个来自抗体或抗体变体序列的连续的氨基酸。
优选地,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中的抗体选自吉妥珠单抗(Gemtuzumab)hP67.6人源化IgG4、本妥昔单抗(Brentuximab)嵌合IgG1、曲妥珠单抗人源化IgG1、奥英妥珠单抗(Inotuzumab)G5/44人源化IgG4、格巴妥木单抗(Glembatumumab)IgG全人源IgG1、柯安妥单抗(Anetumab)抗间皮素全人源IgG1、米妥昔单抗(Mirvetuximabb)M9346A人源化IgG1、迪妥昔珠单抗(Depatuxizumabb)(ABT-806)人源化IgG1、洛伐妥珠单抗(Rovalpituzumab)(SC16)人源化IgG1和伐达妥昔单抗(Vadastuximabb)人源化IgG1。
聚合物的结构特征
本部分阐述了本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中存在的聚合物的可能的结构特征。
本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的聚合物可以衍生自:
(i)一种或多种式(IIa)的化合物:
其中,LG为加成-消除反应条件下的离去基团,并且R和Z如上式(I)的重复单元所定义;以及
(ii)式(IIb)的化合物:
其中,LG为加成-消除反应条件下的离去基团,并且Q、X和Y如上式(I)的重复单元所定义。
加成-消除条件是本领域技术人员公知的。通常,加成消除条件是如下的任何反应条件:在该条件下,亲核(即富电子)部分可以加成到不饱和碳原子上以与该碳原子形成共价σ-键,导致与碳原子的π-键断裂,并且随后重新形成所述π-键并使所述碳原子与它的其他取代基中的一个之间的σ-键伴随断裂,该其他取代基中的一个通常为净吸电子部分,以消除该取代基。
在本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的聚合物中,x可以是1、2、3、4、5或6。然而,优选地,x为1、2、3、4或5,仍然更优选地为1、2、3或4,还更优选地为1、2或3,甚至更优选地为1或2,并且特别优选地为1。
优选地,x为1。因此,优选地,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的聚合物包含式(Ia)的重复单元:
其中,Q、R、X、Y和Z如以上关于式(I)所定义。
聚合物优选地衍生自一种或多种式(IIa)的化合物,其中,R为氢。更优选地,在衍生聚合物的所有式(IIa)的化合物中,R为氢。
聚合物优选地衍生自一种或多种式(IIa)的化合物和/或式(IIb)的化合物,其中,LG选自Cl、OH、OR'、SH、SR'、NH2、NHR'、NR'2、O-2-Cl-Trt、ODmb、O-2-PhiPr、O-EDOTn-Ph、O-NHS、OFm、ODmab和OCam。仍更优选地,LG选自OMe、OEt、OtBu、O-2-Cl-Trt、ODmb、O-2-PhiPr、O-EDOTn-Ph、O-NHS、OFm、ODmab和OCam。一种或多种式(IIa)的化合物中的LG和/或式(IIb)中的LG可以相同或不同。
如本文所定义,2-Cl-Trt是指2-氯三苯甲基(2-chlorotrityl)。如本文所定义,Dmb是指2,4-二甲氧基苄基。如本文所定义,2-PhiPr是指2-苯异丙基。如本文所定义,Fm是指9-芴基甲基。如本文所定义,Dmab是指4-(N-[1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二氧代亚环己基)-3-甲基丁基]-氨基)苄基。如本文所定义,NHS是指N-羟基琥珀酰胺。如本文所定义,Cam是指氨基甲酰甲基。如本文所定义,芳基-EDOTn是指具有下式的部分:
其中,R3是H或OMe,R4是H或OMe且R5是H或OMe。优选地,R3、R4和R5被选择使得(a)R3、R4和R5全部是H,(b)R3、R4和R5全部是OMe,(c)R3和R4是OMe且R5是H,或(d)R3和R4是H且R5是OMe。
当LG包含R'基团时,R'优选地为C1-20烷基,更优选地为C1-12烷基,仍更优选地为C1-8烷基,并且特别优选地为C1-4烷基。合适的烷基的代表性示例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基和叔丁基。甲基、乙基和叔丁基是特别优选的烷基。
通常,在本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的聚合物中,Q为-T1O(CH2CH2O)sT2-或-T1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT2-。在此实施方案中,T1优选为-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,并且更优选为-CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2-。在此实施方案中,T2优选为-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,并且更优选为-CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2-。T1和T2可以相同或不同。优选地,T1和T2是相同的。通常,T1和T2均选自-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,优选地其中,T1和T2均选自-CH2CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2-,以及更优选地其中,T1和T2均为-CH2CH2-。
可替代地,在本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的聚合物中,Q可以是-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-。
式(I)中的每个Q可以相同或不同。优选地,式(I)中的每个Q都相同。可替代地,式(I)中的每个Q都不同。
为避免疑义,绘制的Q部分的左侧共价结合至式(I)中的Y部分,并且绘制的Q部分的右侧共价结合至式(I)中的X部分。
在本抗体-药物缀合物的聚合物中,X优选为O、NH或NR'。仍更优选地,X为O或NH。还更优选地,X为NH。在进一步优选的聚合物中,Y为(C=O)。在特别优选的实施方案中,X为NH并且Y为(C=O)。
在进一步优选的实施方案中,式(IIb)的化合物衍生自聚乙二醇(PEG)或聚丙二醇。优选地在这种情况下,式(IIb)化合物衍生自PEG 400、PEG 500、PEG 600、PEG 1000、PEG1500、PEG 2000、PEG 3000、PEG 4000和PEG 5000。仍更优选地,X为NH,Y为C=O,Q为-T1O(CH2CH2O)sT2-或-T1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT2-,并且T1和T2都是-CH2CH2-。最优选地,X为NH,Y为(C=O),并且Q为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-。优选地,式(IIb)的化合物具有200至2200的分子量,并且更优选地具有400至1200的分子量。
s优选地为0至150的整数,更优选地为1至100的整数,仍更优选地为1至50的整数,仍更优选地为3至35的整数,甚至更优选地为7至23的整数。因此,在特别优选的实施方案中,Q为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-,并且s为0至150的整数,更优选为1至100,仍更优选为1至50,仍更优选为3至35,甚至更优选为7至23。在甚至更优选的实施方案中,X为NH,Y为(C=O),Q为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-,并且s为0至150的整数,更优选为1至100,仍更优选为1至50,仍更优选为3至35,甚至更优选为7至23。
在另一个优选实施方案中,式(IIb)的化合物衍生自聚(肌氨酸)或其酯。在此实施方案中,Q为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-。仍更优选地,在此实施方案中,X为NH或NR',更优选为NR',还更优选为NMe。甚至更优选地,Q为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-,X为NMe,Y为(C=O)。仍更优选地,Q为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-,X为NMe,Y为(C=O)。优选地,聚(肌氨酸)或其酯具有350至1800的分子量。o优选地为0至100的整数,更优选地为1至75的整数,仍更优选地为2至50的整数,最优选地为5至25的整数。因此,在特别优选的实施方案中,Q为-CH-2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-,X为NMe,Y为(C=O),并且o为0至100的整数,更优选地为1至75的整数,仍更优选地为2至50的整数,最优选地为5至25的整数。
在抗体-药物缀合物的聚合物中,每个Z独立地选自式(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)或(v)的基团:
为避免疑义,绘制的每个式(i)到(v)的左侧末端连接至聚合物主链的碳原子。因此,在式(I)的重复单元中,部分-AA-直接共价结合至聚合物主链的碳原子。
因此,在一个实施方案中,Z为式(i)的基团。在此实施方案中,聚合物的氨基酸侧链与生物活性部分之间没有接头基团。在此实施方案中,-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-H表示氨基酸的侧链。通常,生物活性部分B通过-AA-上的杂原子共价结合至-AA-部分。优选地,因此,在此实施方案中,-AA-H表示在其侧链中包含杂原子的氨基酸的侧链。更优选地,-AA-H表示选自丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、羟色氨酸、高丝氨酸、高半胱氨酸、别苏氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、硒代高半胱氨酸、α-氨基甘氨酸、二氨基乙酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸和α,γ-二氨基丁酸的氨基酸的侧链。在此实施方案的另一个优选方面,-AA-H为-(CH2)n-NH2,其中,n为0至10的整数,优选为1至8,更优选为2至6,最优选为3或4。仍更优选地,-AA-H表示选自丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸的氨基酸的侧链。最优选地,-AA-H表示赖氨酸的侧链。
在另一个实施方案中,Z为式(ii)的基团。在此实施方案中,在聚合物的氨基酸侧链与生物活性部分之间存在接头基团L1。换言之,通常,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物在聚合物主链的氨基酸侧链与生物活性部分之间包含接头。
在此实施方案中,-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-H表示氨基酸的侧链。通常,接头基团L1通过-AA-上的杂原子共价结合至-AA-部分。优选地,因此,在此实施方案中,-AA-H表示在其侧链中包含杂原子的氨基酸的侧链。更优选地,-AA-H表示选自丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、羟色氨酸、高丝氨酸、高半胱氨酸、别苏氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、硒代高半胱氨酸、α-氨基甘氨酸、二氨基乙酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸和α,γ-二氨基丁酸的氨基酸的侧链。在此实施方案的另一个优选方面,-AA-H为-(CH2)n-NH2,其中,n为0至10的整数,优选为1至8,更优选为2至6,最优选为3或4。仍更优选地,-AA-H表示选自丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸的氨基酸的侧链。最优选地,-AA-H表示赖氨酸的侧链。
在此实施方案中,其中,Z为式(ii)的基团,接头基团L1可以是适合于将生物活性部分通过共价键连接到聚合物主链的任何接头基团。这样的接头基团是本领域公知的。优选地,L1的分子量为14Da至4000Da,更优选地为28Da至2000Da,仍更优选地为50Da至1000Da,仍更优选地为100Da至500Da。例如,接头基团L1可以包含腙部分、肟部分、亚胺部分、缩酮部分、硫缩酮部分、氨基甲酸酯部分、缩氨基硫脲(thiosemicarbozone)部分、噻唑烷部分、硫酯部分、二硫化物部分、硫醚部分、酰胺部分或四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚部分。因此,例如,接头基团L1可以在缩合反应、氧化反应、Pictet-Spengler反应、自然连接反应(native ligation reaction)、捕获的Knoevenagel反应或串联的Knoevenagel缩合反应-Michael加成反应中形成。
接头基团L1优选为式-V1-L'-V2-的基团,其中:
V1选自
其中
·表示与-AA-的连接点;
··表示与-L'-的连接点;
Y1选自O、S和NH,并且优选为O;
Y2选自O、S和NH,并且优选为O;
RA为C1-20烃基;
v为1至100的整数,优选1至50,更优选1至20,仍更优选1至12,仍更优选2至8,最优选2至6;并且
虚线表示任选地存在的键;
L'选自键、C1-20亚烷基、C1-20亚烯基、C1-20亚炔基、C6-10亚芳基(例如亚苯基或亚萘基)、C7-20亚芳烷基、C3-10亚环烷基、C4-8杂亚环烷基、C5-10杂亚芳基、C6-20杂亚芳烷基、-(O-K)i-、-(NH-K)i-、-(NR'-K)i-,分子量为116Da至2000Da的聚酯,分子量为114Da至2000Da的聚酰胺,以及-W-部分,其中,H-W-OH为氨基酸或含有2至20个天然产生的或合成的氨基酸亚基的肽;
V2选自-OV-、-NHV-、-NRAV-、-SV-、-S-、-VS-、-OVS-、-NHVS-、-NRAVS-、-SVS-、-V-(C=O)-、-V-O(C=O)-、-V-NH(C=O)-、-V-NRA(C=O)-、-V-S(C=O)-、-V-(C=NH)-、-V-O(C=NH)-、-V-NH(C=NH)-、-V-NRA(C=NH)-、-V-S(C=NH)-、-V-(C=NRA)-、-V-O(C=NRA)-、-V-NH(C=NRA)-、-V-NRA(C=NRA)-、-V-S(C=NRA)-、-OV-(C=O)-、-OV-O(C=O)-、-OV-NH(C=O)-、-OV-NRA(C=O)-、-OV-S(C=O)-、-OV-(C=NH)-、-OV-O(C=NH)-、-OV-NH(C=NH)-、-OV-NRA(C=NH)-、-OV-S(C=NH)-、-OV-(C=NRA)-、-OV-O(C=NRA)-、-OV-NH(C=NRA)-、-OV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-OV-S(C=NRA)-、-NHV-(C=O)-、-NHV-O(C=O)-、-NHV-NH(C=O)-、-NHV-NRA(C=O)-、-NHV-S(C=O)-、-NHV-(C=NH)-、-NHV-O(C=NH)-、-NHV-NH(C=NH)-、-NHV-NRA(C=NH)-、-NHV-S(C=NH)-、-NHV-(C=NRA)-、-NHV-O(C=NRA)-、-NHV-NH(C=NRA)-、-NHV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-NHV-S(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-(C=O)-、-NRAV-O(C=O)-、-NRAV-NH(C=O)-、-NRAV-NRA(C=O)-、-NRAV-S(C=O)-、-NRAV-(C=NH)-、-NRAV-O(C=NH)-、-NRAV-NH(C=NH)-、-NRAV-NRA(C=NH)-、-NRAV-S(C=NH)-、-NRAV-(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-O(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-NH(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-S(C=NRA)-、-SV-(C=O)-、-SV-O(C=O)-、-SV-NH(C=O)-、-SV-NRA(C=O)-、-SV-S(C=O)-、-SV-(C=NH)-、-SV-O(C=NH)-、-SV-NH(C=NH)-、-SV-NRA(C=NH)-、-SV-S(C=NH)-、-SV-(C=NRA)-、-SV-O(C=NRA)-、-SV-NH(C=NRA)-、-SV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-SV-S(C=NRA)-、-J-O(C=O)-、-O-J-O(C=O)-、-S-J-O(C=O)-、-NH-J-O(C=O)-、-NRA-J-O(C=O)-,聚醚,例如分子量为76Da至2000Da的聚(亚烷基二醇),分子量为75Da至2000Da的聚胺,分子量为116Da至2000Da的聚酯,分子量为114Da至2000Da的聚酰胺,以及-W-部分,其中,H-W-OH为氨基酸或含有2至20个天然产生的或合成的氨基酸亚基的肽;
V选自C1-20亚烷基、C1-20亚烯基、C1-20亚炔基、C6-10亚芳基(例如亚苯基或亚萘基)、C7-20亚芳烷基、C3-10亚环烷基、C4-8杂亚环烷基、C5-10杂亚芳基以及C6-20杂亚芳烷基;
J为苯基,其具有糖取代基并且在糖取代基的对位或邻位具有亚甲基或-(CH=CH)k-CH2-部分,其中,k为1至10的整数,进一步地其中,亚甲基或-(CH=CH)k-CH2-部分直接结合至邻近生物活性部分B的-O(C=O)-基团,以及苯环的碳直接结合至远离生物活性部分B的接头基团的其余部分;
每个K相同或不同并且表示C1-10亚烷基;
i为1至100的整数,优选为1至50,更优选为2至20;并且
RA为C1-20烃基。
优选地,-V1-L'-V2-部分在亲核杂原子(如-NH-、-O-或-S-)或羰基衍生物(如-(C=O)-、-(C=S)-、-(C=NH)-或-(C=NRA)-,优选-(C=O)-)的右侧终止。
更优选地,接头基团L1为-(C=O)-C(H)=N-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2-、-(C=O)-C(H)=N-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2-或-(C=O)-C(H)=N-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2,其中,L'如上所定义,并且V2选自-V-(C=O)-、-V-O(C=O)-、-V-NH(C=O)-、-V-NR’(C=O)-、-V-S(C=O)-、-OV-(C=O)-、-OV-O(C=O)-、-OV-NH(C=O)-、-OV-NR’(C=O)-、-OV-S(C=O)-、-NHV-(C=O)-、-NHV-O(C=O)-、-NHV-NH(C=O)-、-NHV-NR’(C=O)-、-NHV-S(C=O)-、-NR’V-(C=O)-、-NR’V-O(C=O)-、-NR’V-NH(C=O)-、-NR’V-NR’(C=O)-、-NR’V-S(C=O)-、-SV-(C=O)-、-SV-O(C=O)-、-SV-NH(C=O)-、-SV-NR’(C=O)-、-SV-S(C=O)-、-J-O(C=O)-、-O-J-O(C=O)-、-S-J-O(C=O)-、-NH-J-O(C=O)-、-NR’-J-O(C=O)-、分子量为116Da至2000Da的聚酯,分子量为114Da至2000Da的聚酰胺,以及-W-部分,或者,当L'为-W-部分时,V2还可以是一个键。优选地,接头基团L1为-(C=O)-C(H)=N-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2-、-(C=O)-C(H)=N-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2-或-(C=O)-C(H)=N-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2,并且,远离-AA-部分的接头的末端终止于羰基。
特别优选的接头基团L1选自-(C=O)-C(H)=N-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-C(H)=N-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-C(H)=N-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-C(H)-NH-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-C(H)-NH-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-以及-(C=O)-C(H)-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-,其中,-Val-Cit-PAB-具有以下结构:
其中,*表示与V1的连接点,并且,**表示与-(C=O)-B的连接点。
这是抗体-药物缀合物领域中众所周知的接头基团。
最优选地,接头基团L1为-(C=O)-C(H)=N-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-。
优选地,J部分是具有在糖取代基的对位或邻位上的亚甲基基团的苯基基团。更优选地,亚甲基基团位于糖取代基的对位。甚至更优选地,J部分中的糖取代基通过氧原子与苯基基团键合,该氧原子也直接与糖的异头碳原子键合。仍更优选地,糖取代基是六碳糖。仍更优选地,糖取代基选自可通过酶作用转化为羟基取代基的糖取代基,如葡萄糖醛酸(其可以通过β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的作用裂解)。最优选地,J部分具有以下结构:
包含J部分的特别优选的接头基团选自以下结构:
其中R6选自任何氨基酸R基团或其衍生物,例如H、CH3、CH(CH3)2、CH2CH(CH3)2、CH(CH3)CH2CH3、CH2Ph、CH2NH2、CH2OH、CH2SH、CH(OH)CH3、CH2CH2SCH3、CH2CONH2、CH2CH2CONH2、CH2COOH、CH2CH2COOH、(CH2)3NH(CN)NH2、(CH2)4NH2、(CH2)3NH2、优选地,R6选自H、CH3和CH2NH2,并且更优选为CH2NH2。
具有选自-(C=O)-CH2-NH-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-、-(C=O)-CH2-NH-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-和-(C=O)-CH2-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-的接头基团L1的聚合物-药物缀合物可以分别通过将具有式-(C=O)-CH=NH-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-、-(C=O)-CH=NH-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-和-(C=O)-CH=NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-的接头基团L1的聚合物-药物缀合物还原而得到。
在另一个实施方案中,Z为式(iii)的基团。在此实施方案中,在聚合物的氨基酸侧链与生物活性部分之间存在接头基团L2。
在此实施方案中,-AA=为三价部分,使得-AA=O表示氨基酸的侧链。通常,接头基团L2通过-AA-上的碳原子共价结合至-AA-部分。通常,接头基团L2通过双键共价结合至-AA-部分。可替代地,接头基团L2通过单键共价结合至-AA-部分。可替代地,接头基团L2可以通过两个单独的单键共价结合至-AA-部分,例如,接头基团L2可以包含缩酮或硫缩酮部分。通常,接头基团L2通过连着-AA-上的碳原子的双键共价结合至-AA-部分。可替代地,接头基团L2通过连着-AA-上的碳原子的单键共价结合至-AA-部分。可替代地,接头基团L2通过连着-AA-上的碳原子的两个单独的单键共价结合至-AA-部分。
优选地,因此,在此实施方案中,–AA=O表示在其侧链中包含醛或酮的氨基酸的侧链。更优选地,-AA=O表示选自氨基-2-酮基丁酸、4-乙酰苯丙氨酸和甲酰甘氨酸的氨基酸的侧链。
在此实施方案中,其中,Z为式(iii)的基团,接头基团L2可以是适合于将生物活性部分通过共价键连接到聚合物主链的任何接头基团。这样的接头基团是本领域公知的。优选地,L2的分子量为14Da至4000Da,更优选地为28Da至2000Da,仍更优选地为50Da至1000Da,仍更优选地为100Da至500Da。例如,接头基团L2可以包含腙部分、肟部分、亚胺部分、缩酮部分或硫缩酮部分,或四氢-1H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚部分。因此,例如,接头基团L2可以在缩合反应、Pictet-Spengler反应、捕获的Knoevenagel反应或串联的Knoevenagel缩合反应-Michael加成反应中形成。
V3选自
其中,·、··、Y2、RA和v以及虚线如以上L1中的V1所定义;
L'如以上L1中所定义;并且
V2如以上L1中所定义。
优选地,-V3-L'-V2-部分在亲核杂原子(如-NH-、-O-或-S-)或羰基衍生物(如-(C=O)-、-(C=S)-、-(C=NH)-或-(C=NRA)-,优选-(C=O)-)的右侧终止。
更优选地,接头基团L2为=N-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2-、=N-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2-或=N-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L'-V2,其中,L'如以上L1中所定义,并且V2选自-V-(C=O)-、-V-O(C=O)-、-V-NH(C=O)-、-V-NR’(C=O)-、-V-S(C=O)-、-OV-(C=O)-、-OV-O(C=O)-、-OV-NH(C=O)-、-OV-NR’(C=O)-、-OV-S(C=O)-、-NHV-(C=O)-、-NHV-O(C=O)-、-NHV-NH(C=O)-、-NHV-NR’(C=O)-、-NHV-S(C=O)-、-NR’V-(C=O)-、-NR’V-O(C=O)-、-NR’V-NH(C=O)-、-NR’V-NR’(C=O)-、-NR’V-S(C=O)-、-SV-(C=O)-、-SV-O(C=O)-、-SV-NH(C=O)-、-SV-NR’(C=O)-、-SV-S(C=O)-、-J-O(C=O)-、-O-J-O(C=O)-、-S-J-O(C=O)-、-NH-J-O(C=O)-、-NR’-J-O(C=O)-、分子量为116Da至2000Da的聚酯、分子量为114Da至2000Da的聚酰胺以及-W-部分,或者,当L'为-W-部分时,V2还可以是一个键。优选地,接头基团L2为=N-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-、=N-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-或=N-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2,并且,远离-AA-部分的接头的末端终止于羰基。
特别优选的接头基团L2选自=N-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、=N-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、=N-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-NH-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-NH-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-和-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-。具有选自-NH-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-、-NH-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-和-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-的接头基团L2的聚合物-药物缀合物可以通过分别将具有式=NH-NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-、=NH-O-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-和=NH-(CH2)v-(C=O)-L’-V2-的接头基团L2的聚合物-药物缀合物还原而得到。
更优选地,接头基团L2为=N-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-。
在另一个实施方案中,Z为式(iv)的基团。在此实施方案中,在聚合物的氨基酸侧链与生物活性部分之间存在接头基团L3。
在此实施方案中,-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-CH=CH2或-AA-C≡CH表示氨基酸的侧链。通常,-AA-部分和接头基团L3各自共价结合至三唑环中的相邻原子;也就是说,L3结合在1,2,3-三唑的1位,而-AA-结合在1,2,3-三唑的5位。可替代地,-AA-部分和接头基团L3各自共价结合至三唑环中的非相邻原子;也就是说,L3结合在1,2,3-三唑的1位,而-AA-结合在1,2,3-三唑的4位。通常,三唑环中存在任选的双键。在这种情况下,-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-C≡CH表示氨基酸的侧链。可替代地,三唑环中不存在任选的双键,即,三唑环为4,5-脱氢-1H-1,2,3-三唑环。在这种情况下,-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-CH=CH2表示氨基酸的侧链。
在此实施方案中,-AA-CH=CH2表示在其侧链中包含烯烃的氨基酸的侧链,并且,-AA-C≡CH表示在其侧链中包含炔烃的氨基酸的侧链。在此实施方案中,当-AA-CH=CH2表示在其侧链中包含烯烃的氨基酸的侧链时,该氨基酸优选为高烯丙基甘氨酸(homoallylglycine)。在此实施方案中,当-AA-C≡CH表示在其侧链中包含炔烃的氨基酸的侧链时,该氨基酸优选地选自4-乙炔基苯丙氨酸、4-炔丙基氧基苯丙氨酸、炔丙基甘氨酸、4-(2-丙炔基)脯氨酸、2-氨基-6-({[(1R,8S)-双环[6.1.0]壬-4-炔-9-基甲氧基]羰基}氨基)己酸和高炔丙基甘氨酸(homopropargylglycine)。
在此实施方案中,其中,Z为式(iv)的基团,接头基团L3可以是适合于将生物活性部分通过共价键连接到聚合物主链的任何接头基团。这样的接头基团是本领域公知的。优选地,L3的分子量为14Da至4000Da,更优选地为28Da至2000Da,仍更优选地为50Da至1000Da,仍更优选地为100Da至500Da。
接头基团L3优选为式-V4-L'-V2-的基团,其中:
V4为-(CH2)v-(C=Y2),其中,v和Y2如以上L1中的V1所定义;
L'如以上L1中所定义;并且
V2如以上L1中所定义。
优选地,-V4-L'-V2-部分在亲核杂原子(如-NH-、-O-或-S-)或羰基衍生物(如-(C=O)-、-(C=S)-、-(C=NH)-或-(C=NRA)-,优选-(C=O)-)的右侧终止。
特别优选的接头基团L3为-(CH2)v-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)。
在另一个实施方案中,Z为式(v)的基团。在此实施方案中,在聚合物的氨基酸侧链与生物活性部分之间存在接头基团L3。
在此实施方案中,-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-N3表示氨基酸的侧链。通常,-AA-部分和接头基团L3各自共价结合至三唑环中的相邻原子;也就是说,L3结合在1,2,3-三唑的5位,而-AA-结合在1,2,3-三唑的1位。可替代地,-AA-部分和接头基团各自共价结合至三唑环中的非相邻原子;也就是说,L3结合在1,2,3-三唑的4位,而-AA-结合在1,2,3-三唑的1位。通常,三唑环中存在任选的双键。可替代地,三唑环中不存在任选的双键,即,三唑环为4,5-脱氢-1H-1,2,3-三唑环。
在此实施方案中,-AA-N3表示在其侧链中包含叠氮化物的氨基酸的侧链,其中,该氨基酸优选地选自4-叠氮基赖氨酸、叠氮基鸟氨酸、叠氮基亮氨酸、叠氮基丙氨酸、叠氮基高丙氨酸(azidohomoalanine)、4-叠氮基苯丙氨酸和4-叠氮基甲基苯丙氨酸。
在此实施方案中,其中,Z为式(v)的基团,接头基团L3如以上式(iv)的情况中所定义。
在这些实施方案中,其中,Z为式(iv)或(v)的基团,-AA-和L3部分之间的三唑环通常在叠氮化物-炔烃或叠氮化物-烯烃环化反应中形成。
通常,Z为式(ii)、(iii)、(iv)或(v)的基团。优选地,Z为式(ii)或(iii)的基团。最优选地,Z为式(ii)的基团。
为避免疑义,在接头基团L1至L3的以上定义中,绘制的接头基团的左侧连接至-AA-部分,并且绘制的接头基团的右侧连接至生物活性部分B。在以上接头-Val-Cit-PAB-的描述中,左侧显示与缬氨酸(Val)的外部键合,并且顶侧显示与对氨基苯甲醇(PAB)的外部键合。在以上包含J部分的优选的接头基团的描述中,左下侧显示与-AA-的连接,右上侧显示与生物活性部分B的连接。
在Z部分中,B为生物活性部分。一旦生物活性分子(例如药物)与聚合物重复单元的骨架或接头基团(如果存在)形成共价键,则生物活性部分是衍生自所述生物活性分子(例如药物)的部分。当-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键被水解时,释放出化合物B-H或B-OH,这是一种生物活性分子。B-OH是一类更广泛的亲电生物活性分子的示例,称为B-LG,其中,LG是在本文所定义的加成-消除反应条件下的任何离去基团。因此,如本文所使用的,“生物活性分子”是连接到氢原子而不是连接到聚合物重复单元或接头基团的该生物活性部分。
每个生物活性部分-B可以相同或不同。因此,每个生物活性分子B-H或B-LG可以相同或不同。因此,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中的每个生物活性部分B可以是相同的。然而,优选地,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物含有至少两个不同的生物活性部分,例如2、3或4个不同的生物活性部分。
生物活性分子B-H或B-LG通常独立地选自小分子药物、肽、蛋白质、肽模拟物、抗体、抗原、DNA、mRNA、小干扰RNA、小发夹RNA、微小RNA、PNA、折叠体、碳水化合物、碳水化合物衍生物、非利平斯基分子、合成肽和合成寡核苷酸,优选小分子药物。优选的生物活性分子是选自以下的药物:抗感染药、抗生素、抗细菌药、抗微生物药、抗炎药、镇痛药、抗高血压药、抗真菌药、抗结节药、抗病毒药、抗癌药、抗血小板药、抗疟疾药、抗惊厥药、心脏保护药、抗蠕虫药(antihelmintic)、抗原生动物药、抗锥虫药、抗血吸虫病药、抗肿瘤药、抗青光眼药、镇静剂、催眠药、抗惊厥药、抗帕金森病药(antiparkinson)、抗抑郁药、抗组胺药、抗糖尿病药、抗过敏药或蛋白水解靶向嵌合体(proteolysis-targeting chimera,PROTAC)。
生物活性分子的非限制性示例包括选自以下的药物:异烟肼、卡比多巴、恩屈嗪(endralazine)、双肼屈嗪、肼屈嗪、肼卡巴肼、苯异丙肼、匹尔屈嗪(pildralazine)、奥他莫辛(octamoxin)、合成肽、合成寡核苷酸、碳水化合物、肽模拟物、抗体、肼、阿替普酶(Alteplase)、阿达木单抗(Adalimumab)、比伐卢定(Bivalirudin)、氯普鲁卡因(Chloroprocaine)、达托霉素(Daptomycin)、多沙唑嗪(Doxazosin)、依非韦伦(Efavirenz)、氢氟噻嗪(Hydroflumethiazide)、吲达帕胺(Indapamide)、地特胰岛素(Insulin Detemir)、赖诺普利(Lisinopril)、肽模拟物、哌唑嗪(Prazosin)、沙格列汀(Saxagliptin)、小干扰RNA、磺胺甲噻唑(Sulfamethylthiazole)、磺胺美曲(Sulfametrole)、磺胺二甲异嘧啶(Sulfisomidine)、曲帕胺(Tripamide)、2-对-磺胺酰基苯胺基乙醇(2-p-Sulfanilylaninoethanol)、3-氨基-4-羟基丁酸、3-氨基吡啶-2-羧醛缩氨基硫脲(3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone)(3-AP)/3-氨基吡啶-4-甲基-2-羧醛缩氨基硫脲(3-AMP/Triapine/OCX-191/OCX-0191)、4,4'-亚磺酰基二苯胺、4'-(甲基氨磺酰基)磺胺(4'-(Methylsulfamoyl)sulfanilanilide)、4'-磺胺酰基磺胺(4'-Sulfanilylsulfanilamide)、4-氨基-3-羟基丁酸、4-磺胺水杨酸(4-Sulfanilamidosalicylic acid)、5-羟色氨酸、6-重氮-5-氧-L-正亮氨酸(DON)、9-氨基吖啶、9-氨基喜树碱(9-Aminocamptothecin)、阿巴卡韦(Abacavir)、阿巴西普(Abatacept)、醋地砜(Acediasulfone)、磺胺苯砜钠(Acetosulfone sodium)、阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir)、阿德福韦(Adefovir)、阿夫唑嗪(Alfuzosin)、金刚烷胺(Amantadine)、氨芬酸(Amfenac)、脒霉素(Amidinomycin),阿米卡星(Amikacin)、氨基乙酰丙酸(Aminolevulinic Acid)、氨氯地平(Amlodipine)、阿莫西林(Amoxicillin)、安非他明(Amphetamine)、双霉素(Amphomycin)、两性霉素B(Amphomycin B)、氨苄西林(Ampicillin)、安普那韦(Amprenavir)、安西他滨(Ancitabine)、抗体、抗原、阿贝卡星(Arbekacin)、阿扑西林(Aspoxicillin)、阿扎胞苷(Azacitidine)、重氮丝氨酸(Azaserine)、巴坎西林(Bacampicillin)、杆菌肽(Bacitracin)、盐酸贝奈克酯(BenexateHCl)、苄丝肼(Benserazide)、苯佐卡因(Benzocaine)、苄磺胺(Benzylsulfamide)、贝伐珠单抗(Bevacizumab)、博莱霉素(Bleomycins)、澳莫普林(Brodioprim)、溴匹立明(Bropirimine)、布那唑嗪(Bunazosin)、布替罗星(Butirosin)、卷曲霉素(Capreomycin)、碳水化合物、卡铂(Carboplatin)、卡柔比星(Carubicin)、卡芦莫南(Carumonam)、卡泊芬净(Caspofungin)、头孢克洛(Cefaclor)、头孢羟氨苄(Cefadroxil)、头孢曲嗪(Cefatrizine)、头孢卡品(Cefcapene)、头孢克定(Cefclidin)、头孢地尼(Cefdinir)、头孢托仑(Cefditoren)、头孢吡肟(Cefepime)、头孢他美(Cefetamet)、头孢甲肟(Cefinenoxime)、头孢克肟(Cefixime)、头孢米诺(Cefminox)、头孢地嗪(Cefodizime)、头孢雷特(Ceforanide)、头孢噻利(Cefoselis)、头孢噻肟(Cefotaxime)、头孢替安(Cefotiam)、头孢唑兰(Cefozopran)、头孢匹罗(Cefpirome)、头孢泊肟(Cefpodoxime)、头孢丙烯(Cefprozil)、头孢沙定(Cefroxadine)、头孢他啶(Ceftazidime)、头孢特仑(Cefteram)、头孢布丁(Ceftibuten)、头孢唑肟(Ceftizoxime)、头孢曲松(Ceftriaxone)、头孢唑南(Cefuzonam)、赛来昔布(Celecoxib)、头孢氨苄(Cephalexin)、先锋霉素(Cephaloglycin)、头孢菌素C(Cephalosporin C)、头孢拉定(Cephradine)、赛妥珠单抗(Certolizumab)、西托肟(Cetoxime)、西曲酸酯(Cetraxate)、西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)、氯丙胍(Chlorproguanil)、西多福韦(Cidofovir)、西司他汀(Cilastatin)、克拉屈滨(Cladribine)、克林沙星(Clinafloxacin)、氯帕胺(Clopamide)、考来维纶(Colesevelam)、粘菌素(Colistin)、环己西林(Cyclacillin)、环氯胍(Cycloguanil)、环戊噻嗪(Cyclopenthiazide)、环丝氨酸(Cycloserine)、阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine)、氨苯砜(Dapsone)、阿法达贝泊汀(Darbepoetin Alfa)、地瑞那韦(Darunavir)、道诺霉素(Daunorubicin)、地西他滨(Decitabine)、地诺苏单抗(Denosumab)、右旋安非他明(Dextroamphetamine)、地佐辛(Dezocine)、地贝卡星(Dibekacin)、双脱氧腺苷(Dideoxyadenosine)、地索普西(Disoproxil)、DNA、阿法链道酶(Dornase Alfa)、多柔比星(Doxorubicin)、强力霉素(Doxycycline)、乙溴替丁(Ebrotidine)、依达曲沙(Edatrexate)、依氟鸟氨酸(Eflornithine)、恩曲他滨(Emtricitabine)、恩替卡韦(Entecavir)、恩维霉素(Enviomycin)、依西林(Epicillin)、依匹斯汀(Epinastine)、表柔比星(Epirubicin)、阿法依泊汀(Epoetin Alfa)、依那西普(Etanercept)、乙胺丁醇(Ethambutol)、艾塞那肽(Exenatide)、泛昔洛咪喹莫德韦(Famciclo Imiquimodvir)、法莫替丁(Famotidine)、非格司亭(Filgrastim)、芬戈莫德(Fingolimod)、氟胞嘧啶(Flucytosine)、氟伏沙明(Fluvoxamine)、折叠体、叶酸、福林霉素(Forimicins)、加巴喷丁(Gabapentin)、γ-氨基丁酸、吉西他滨(Gemcitabine)、吉米沙星(Gemifloxacin)、庆大霉素(Gentamicin)、醋酸格拉替雷(Glatiramer Acetate)、戈利木单抗(Golimumab)、组胺、四价人乳头状瘤(Human Papilloma Quadrivalent)、氢氯噻嗪(Hydrochlorothiazide)、伊达比星(Idarubicin)、免疫球蛋白(Immune Globulin)、英夫利昔单抗(Infliximab)、门冬胰岛素(Insulin Aspart)、甘精胰岛素(Insulin Glargine)、赖脯胰岛素(Insulin Lispro)、干扰素β-1a(Interferon beta-1a)、干扰素β-1b(Interferon beta-1b)、伊匹单抗(Ipilimubab)、依索拉定(Irsogladine)、异帕米星(Isepamicin)、卡那霉素(Kanamycin)、拉米夫定(Lamivudine)、拉莫三嗪(Lamotrigine)、兰瑞肽(Lanreotide)、左旋多巴(L-DOPA)、来那度胺(Lenalidomide)、来那西林(Lenampicillin)、左旋多巴(Levodopa)、左旋甲状腺素(Levothyroxine)、利拉鲁肽(Liraglutide)、利地安非他明(Lisdexamfetamine)、氯碳头孢(Loracarbef)、赖甲环素(Lymecycline)、磺胺米隆(Mafenide)、曼他定(Mantadine)、甲氯环素(Meclocycline)、美法仑(Melphalan)、美金刚胺(Memantine)、美沙拉明(Mesalamine)、美沙拉嗪(Mesalazine)、二甲双胍(Metformin)、美他环素(Methacycline)、甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate)、氨基戊酮酸甲酯(Methyl Aminolevulinate)、甲基多巴(Methyldopa)、米铂(Miboplatin)、微诺霉素(Micronomicin)、微小RNA、米卡霉素(Mikamycin)、米那普仑(Milnacipran)、米诺环素(Minocycline)、米托胍腙(Mitoguazone)、吗甲吡嗪酰胺(Morphazinamide)、mRNA、N4-β-D-葡萄糖基磺胺、那他珠单抗(Natalizumab)、那他霉素(Natamycin)、尼加霉素(Negamycin)、新霉素(Neomycin)、奈替米星(Netilmicin)、尼莫司汀(Nimustine)、诺拉曲塞(Nolatrexed)、诺米芬辛(Nomifensine)、非利平斯基分子、诺普磺酰胺(Noprysulfamide)、N-磺胺酰-3,4-二甲苯甲酰胺(N-Sulfanilyl-3,4-xylamide)、制霉菌素(Nystatin)、醋酸奥克肽(OcreotideAcetate)、奥马珠单抗(Omalizumab)、奥司他明(Oseltamivir)、奥沙利铂(Oxaliplatin)、帕利珠单抗(Palivizumab)、对氨基水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸酰肼(p-Aminosalicylic acidhydrazide)、巴龙霉素(Paromomycin)、帕沙米特(Parsalmide)、帕珠沙星(Pazufloxacin)、聚乙二醇非格司亭(Pegfilgrastim)、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a(Peginterferon alfa-2a)、培美曲塞(Pemetrexed)、喷昔洛韦(Penciclovir)、培普霉素(Peplomycin)、肽、蛋白质、培西加南(Pexiganan)、苯基氨基水杨酸酯(Phenyl aminosalicylate)、哌氯定(Picloxydine)、吡柔比星(Pirarubicin)、吡曲克辛(Piritrexim)、匹氨西林(Pivampicillin)、吡啶头孢氨苄(Pivcefalexin)、特戊酸甲酯(pivoxil)、PNA、多粘菌素(Polymyxin)、普拉曲沙(Pralatrexate)、普瑞巴林(Pregabalin)、普瑞加柏林(Pregabelin)、伯氨喹(Primaquine)、普鲁卡因(Procaine)、丙美卡因(Proparacaine)、丙氧卡因(Propoxycaine)、普罗西蒂(Proxetil)、对磺胺酰苯甲胺(p-Sulfanilylbenzylamine)、嘌呤霉素(Puromycin)、乙胺嘧啶(pyrimethamine)、喹诺酮(Quinocide)、雷莫拉宁(Ramoplanin)、兰尼单抗(Ranibizumab)、瑞加德松(Regadenoson)、瑞马西胺(Remacemide)、雷西莫特(Resiquimod)、核糖霉素(Ribostamycin)、金刚乙胺(Rimantadine)、利托菌素(Ristocetin)、利妥昔单抗(Rituximab)、罗曲酸(Rotraxate)、S-腺苷蛋氨酸、乙酰水杨酰胺(Salacetamide)、山帕曲拉(Sampatrilat)、司维拉姆(Sevelamer)、西索米星(Sisomicin)、西他沙星(Sitafloxacin)、西格列汀(Sitagliptin)、小发夹RNA、S-甲基甲硫氨酸(S-Methylmethionine)、生长激素(Somatropin)、司帕沙星(Sparfloxacin)、链霉黑素(Streptonigrin)、琥珀氨苯砜(Succisulfone)、琥氯非尼(Suclofenide)、磺胺苯酰(Sulfabenzamide)、磺胺醋酰(Sulfacetamide)、磺胺氯达嗪(Sulfachlorpyridazine)、磺胺柯定(Sulfachrysoidine)、磺胺西汀(Sulfacytine)、磺胺嘧啶(Sulfadiazine)、磺胺戊烯(Sulfadicramide)、磺胺地索辛(Sulfadimethoxine)、磺胺多辛(Sulfadoxine)、磺胺乙二唑(Sulfaethidole)、磺胺脒(Sulfaguanidine)、磺胺胍诺(Sulfaguanole)、磺胺林(Sulfalene)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(Sulfamerazine)、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(Sulfameter)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(Sulfamethazine)、磺胺甲二唑(Sulfamethizole)、磺胺甲恶唑(Sulfamethoxazole)、磺胺甲氧嗪(ulfamethoxypyridazine)、磺胺米柯定(Sulfamidochrysoidine)、磺胺恶唑(Sulfamoxole)、磺胺(Sulfanilamide)、对氨基苯磺酸(Sulfanilic acid)、磺酰脲(Sulfanilylurea)、磺胺培林(Sulfaperine)、磺胺苯吡唑(Sulfaphenazole)、磺胺普罗林(Sulfaproxyline)、磺胺吡嗪(Sulfapyrazine)、磺胺异噻唑(Sulfasomizole)、磺胺均三嗪(Sulfasymazine)、磺胺噻唑(Sulfathiazole)、磺胺硫脲(Sulfathiourea)、磺胺托拉米(Sulfatolamide)、磺胺异恶唑(Sulfisoxazole)、磺酰胺(Sulfonamide)、磺胺甲基咪啶(Sulframethomidine)、舒他西林(Sultamicillin)、舒噻嗪(Sulthiame)、合成寡核苷酸、合成肽、他非诺喹(Tafenoquine)、他仑帕奈(Talampanel)、酞氨西林(Talampicillin)、替考拉宁(Teicoplanin)、替诺福韦(Tenofovir)、特拉唑嗪(Terazosin)、特里帕肽(Teriparatide)、四氧普林(Tetroxoprim)、硫咪嘌呤(Thiamiprine)、硫鸟嘌呤(Thioguanine)、替吉莫南(Tigemonam)、替诺立定(Tinoridine)、替拉扎明(Tirapazamine)、妥布霉素(Tobramycin)、托吡酯(Topiramate)、妥舒沙星(Tosufloxacin)、苯环丙胺(Tranylcypromine)、曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)、曲马唑嗪(Trimazosin)、甲氧苄啶(Trimethoprim)、三甲曲沙(Trimetrexate)、曲托喹啉(Tritoqualine)、曲伐沙星(Trovafloxacin)、曲沙他滨(Troxacitabine)、结核放线菌素(Tuberactinomycin)、杀结核菌素(Tubercidin)、短杆菌酪肽(Tyrocidine)、优特克单抗(Ustekinumab)、发昔洛韦(Valacyclovir)、戊地昔布(Valdecoxib)、缬更昔洛韦(Valganciclovir)、万古霉素(Vancomycin)、阿糖腺苷(Vidarabine)、氨己烯酸(Vigabatrin)、长春地辛(Vindesine)、紫霉素(Viomycin)、扎西他滨(Zalcitabine)、唑尼沙胺(Zonisamide)、2,4,6-三溴-间甲酚、21-乙酰氧基孕烯醇酮、2-对-磺胺酰基苯胺基乙醇、3-氨基-4-羟基丁酸、4-氨基-3-羟基丁酸、4-己基间苯二酚、4-磺胺水杨酸、5-(甲氨基)-2-脱氧尿苷(MADU)、5-溴水杨基异羟肟酸、5-羟色氨酸、9-氨基喜树碱、阿巴卡韦(Abacavir)、阿巴西普(Abatacept)、阿比特龙(Abiraterone)、醋丁洛尔(Acebutolol)、对乙酰氨基酚(Acetaminophen)、醋氨沙洛(Acetaminosalol)、阿克拉霉素类(Aclacinomycins)、阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir)、阿达木单抗(Adalimumab)、阿吗灵(Ajmaline)、阿氯米松(Alclometasone)、α-没药醇(alfa-Bisabolol)、全部红霉素酯衍生物、阿普洛尔(Alprenolol)、阿替普酶(Alteplase)、双(乙酰水杨酸)铝、阿米卡星(Amikacin)、氨氯恶嗪(Aminochlorthenoxazin)、氨丙吡酮(Aminopropylon)、阿莫待喹(amodiaquine)、氨磺洛尔(Amosulalol)、阿莫西林(Amoxicillin)、安普那韦(Amprenavir)、安西他滨(Ancitabine)、阿尼芬净(Anidulafungin)、阿尼利定(Anileridine)、氨茴霉素(Anthramycin)、抗体、抗原、阿帕西林(Apalcillin)、阿哌环素(Apicycline)、阿贝卡星(Arbekacin)、阿罗洛尔(Arotinolol)、青蒿素醇(Artemisinin alcohol)、阿佐昔芬(Arzoxifene)、阿扑西林(Aspoxicillin)、阿扎那韦(Atazanavir)、阿替洛尔(Atenolol)、苯乳胺(Atrolactamide)、阿扎胞苷(Azacitidine)、叠氮氯霉素(Azidamfenicol)、阿奇霉素(Azithromycin)、巴波霉素(Bambermycins)、巴马司他(Batimastat)、贝比碱(Bebeerines)、二丙酸倍氯米松(Beclomethasone Dipropionate)、贝氟沙通(Befloxatone)、苄丝肼(Benserazide)、苯沙酸钙(Benzoylpas)、苄吗啡(Benzylmorphine)、倍他米松(Betamethasone)、倍他洛尔(Betaxolol)、贝伐珠单抗(Bevacizumab)、比阿培南(Biapenem)、比马前列素(Bimatoprost)、比索洛尔(Bisoprolol)、博莱霉素(Bleomycins)、波生坦(Bosentan)、溴柳氯苯胺(Bromosalicylchloranilide)、溴尿苷(Broxuridine)、布西丁(Bucetin)、布新洛尔(Bucindolol)、布地奈德(Budesonide)、丁苯碘胺(Bufeniode)、丁苯羟酸(Bufexamac)、布尼洛尔(Bunitrolol)、布拉洛尔(Bupranolol)、丁丙诺啡(Buprenorphine)、安非他酮(Bupropion)、布拉氨酯(Buramate)、布舍瑞林(Buserelin)、布替罗星(Butirosin)、丁非洛尔(Butofilolol)、布托啡诺(Butorphanol)、卡屈嗪(Cadralazine)、卡普睾酮(Calusterone)、卡培他滨(Capecitabine)、卷曲霉素(Capreomycin)、辣椒素(Capsaicine)、卡拉洛尔(Carazolol)、卡比多巴(Carbidopa)、碳水化合物、卡波霉素(Carbomycin)、卡替洛尔(Carteolol)、卡柔比星(Carubicin)、卡维地洛(Carvedilol)、卡泊芬净(Caspofungin)、CC-1065、头孢羟氨苄(Cefadroxil)、头孢孟多(Cefamandole)、头孢曲嗪(Cefatrizine)、头孢拉宗(Cefbuperazone)、头孢尼西(Cefonicid)、头孢哌酮(Cefoperazone)、头孢噻利(Cefoselis)、头孢匹胺(Cefpiramide)、头孢丙烯(Cefprozil)、塞利洛尔(Celiprolol)、头孢匹林钠(Cephapirin sodium)、赛妥珠单抗(Certolizumab)、西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)、氯霉素(Chloramphenicol)、氯丁醇(Chlorobutanol)、氯二甲苯酚(Chloroxylenol)、氯脲霉素(Chlorozotocin)、氯苯甘醚(Chlorphenesin)、氯喹多醇(Chlorquinadol)、金霉素达福普汀(Chlortetracycline Dalfopristin)、色霉素(Chromomycins)、西氯他宁(Cicletanine)、环匹罗司(Ciclopirox)、环孢霉素(Ciclosporine)、西多福韦(Cidofovir)、辛可尼定(Cinchonidine)、辛可宁(Cinchonine)、西拉马多(Ciramadol)、克拉屈滨(Cladribine)、克拉霉素(Clarithromycin)、克拉维酸(clavulanic acid)、克林霉素(Clindamycin)、氯倍他松(Clobetasone)、氯福克醇(Clofoctol)、氯莫环素(Clomocycline)、氯羟喹啉(Cloxyquin)、可待因(Codeine)、考来维纶(Colesevelam)、粘菌素(Colistin)、环孢菌素(Cyclosporin)、阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine)、阿法达贝泊汀(Darbepoetin Alfa)、地瑞那韦(Darunavir)、达沙替尼(Dasatinib)、道诺霉素(Daunorubicin)、地西他滨(Decitabine)、地夫可特(Deflazacort)、地莫司汀(Delmostatin)、地美环素(Demeclocycline)、地诺苏单抗(Denosumab)、脱氧双氢链霉素(Deoxydihydrostreptomycin)、地索吗啡(Desomorphine)、地奈德(Desonide)、地索米松(Desoximetasone)、地文拉法辛(Desvenlafaxine)、地塞米松(Dexamethasone)、地佐辛(Dezocine)、地百里砜(Diathymosulfone)、地贝卡星(Dibekacin)、地达诺新(Didanosine)、双脱氧腺苷(Dideoxyadenosine)、己烯雌酚(Diethylstilbestrol)、双氟拉松(Diflorasone)、双氟可龙(Diflucortolone)、双氟尼柳(Diflunisal)、龙胆酸(Gentisicacid)、双氟泼尼酯(Difluprednate)、双氢青蒿素(Dihydroartemisinin)、双氢可待因(Dihydrocodeine)、双氢吗啡(Dihydromorphine)、双氢链霉素(Dihydrostreptomycin)、乙酰水杨酸二羟基铝(Dihydroxyaluminum acetylsalicylate)、地来洛尔(Dilevalol)、地美庚醇(Dimepheptanol)、地红霉素(Dirithromycin)、地他唑(Ditazol)、DNA、多西紫杉醇(Docetaxel)、阿法链道酶(Dornase Alfa)、去氧氟尿苷(Doxifluridine)、多柔比星(Doxorubicin)、强力霉素(Doxycycline)、屈洛昔芬(Droloxifene)、屈莫他酮(Dromostanolone)、海鞘素(Ecteinascidins)、依度定(Edoxudine)、恩曲他滨(Emtricitabine)、依诺他滨(Enocitabine)、依诺肝素(Enoxaparin)、依诺酮(Enoxolone)、恩前列素(Enprostil)、恩他卡朋(Entacapone)、恩替卡韦(Entecavir)、恩维霉素(Enviomycin)、依帕洛尔(Epanolol)、肾上腺素(Epinephrine)、表柔比星(Epirubicin)、表甾烷醇(Epitiostanol)、阿法依泊汀(Epoetin Alfa)、依他佐辛(Eptazocine)、厄他培南(Ertapenem)、红霉素(Erythromycin)、雌莫司汀(Estramustine)、依那西普(Etanercept)、依他硝唑(Etanidazole)、乙炔雌二醇(Ethinyl Estradiol)、依托沙秦(Ethoxazene)、乙基吗啡(Ethylmorphine)、依托芬那酯(Etofenamate)、依托孕烯(Etonogestrel)、依托泊苷(Etoposide)、丁香酚(Eugenol)、依维莫司(Everolimus)、艾塞那肽(Exenatide)、依折麦布(Ezetimibe)、芬多沙(Fendosal)、非诺多泮(Fenoldopam)芬戊二醇(Fenpentadiol)、芬维A胺(Fenretinide)、非普地醇(Fepradinol)、非索非那定(Fexofenadine)、非格司亭(Filgrastim)、菲律宾菌素(Filipin)、夫拉平度(Flavopiridol)、氟比汀(Flipirtine)、夫洛非宁(Floctafenine)、氟莫昔夫(Flomoxef),氟尿定(Floxuridine),氟扎可松(Fluazacort),氟康唑(Fluconazole)、氟氢可的松(Fludrocortisone)、氟米松(Flumethasone)、氟轻松(Fluocinolone)、氟轻松醋酸酯(Fluocinonide)、氟可丁(Fluocortin Butyl)、氟可龙(Fluocortolone)、醋酸氟泼尼(Fluprednidene Acetate)、丙酸氟替卡松(Fluticasone Propionate)、折叠体、福米霉素(Forimicins)、福美斯坦(Formestane)、福莫特罗(Formoterol)、膦甲酸钠(Foscarnet sodium)、磷雌酚(Fosfestrol)、福培南(Fropenem)、氟维司群(Fulvestrant)、制霉色基素(Fungichromin)、呋喃叠氮(Furonazide)、夫西地酸(Fusidic acid)、加兰他敏(Galantamine)、更昔洛韦(Ganciclovir)、吉西他滨(Gemcitabine)、庆大霉素(Gentamicin)、格拉非宁(Glafenine)、葡美辛(Glucametacin)、葡萄糖砜钠(Glucosulfone sodium)、葡烟腙(Glyconiazide)、戈利木单抗(Golimumab)、巴柳氮(Balsalazide)、戈舍瑞林(Goserelin)、短杆菌肽(Gramicidin)、胍甲环素(Guamecycline)、哈西奈德(Halcinonide)、丙酸卤倍他索(Halobetasol Propionate)、卤泛群(Halofantrine)、卤米松(Halometasone)、醋酸卤丙酮(Halopredone Acetate)、四价人乳头状瘤(Human Papilloma Quadrivalent)、氢化可的松(Hydrocortisone)、氢化吗啡酮(Hydromorphone)、羟基哌替啶(Hydroxypethidine)、金丝桃素(Hypericin)、布洛沙姆(Ibuproxam)、异丁普生(Idarubicin)、碘苷(Idoxuridine)、亚胺培南(Imipenem)、免疫球蛋白(Immune Globulin)、茚地洛尔(Indenolol)、茚地那韦(Indinavir)、英夫利昔单抗(Infliximab)、门冬胰岛素(Insulin Aspart)、地特胰岛素(Insulin Detemir)、甘精胰岛素(Insulin Glargine)、赖脯胰岛素(Insulin Lispro)、干扰素β-1a(Interferon beta-1a)、干扰素β-1b(Interferon beta-1b)、伊匹单抗(Ipilimubab)、异丙托溴铵(Ipratropium)、伊立替康(Irinotecan)、异帕米星(Isepamicin)、伊索昔康(Isoxicam)、卡那霉素(Kanamycin)、乙氧二羟丁酮(Kethoxal)、凯托米酮(Ketobemidone)、拉贝洛尔(Labetalol)、拉米夫定(Lamivudine)、拉坦前列素(Latanoprost)、L-DOPA、亮丙瑞林(Leuprolide)、左色满卡林(Levcromakalim)、左旋多巴(Levodopa)、左炔诺孕酮(Levonorgestrel)、左啡诺(Levorphanol)、左甲状腺素(Levothyroxine)、林可霉素(Lincomycin)、利拉鲁肽(Liraglutide)、洛匹那韦(Lopinavir)、氯诺昔康(Lornoxicam)、氯沙坦(Losartan)、氯替泼诺(LoteprednolEtabonate)、苯芴醇(Lumefantrine)、赖甲环素(Lymecycline)、甘露莫司汀(Mannomustine)、马立司他(Marimastat)、马泼尼酮(Mazipredone)、甲氯环素(Meclocycline)、甲氟喹(Mefloquine)、美仑孕酮(Melengestrol)、美洛昔康(Meloxicam)、美米松(Memetasone)、美诺立尔(Menogaril)、美吲哚洛尔(Mepindolol)、美普他酚(Meptazinol)、汞溴红(Merbromin)、美罗培南(Meropenem)、美沙拉明(Mesalamine)、美沙拉嗪(Mesalazine)、美他佐辛(Metazocine)、美他环素(Methacycline)、甲基多巴(Methyldopa)、甲强的松龙(Methylprednisolone),美替洛尔(Metipranolol),美托酮(Metopon),美托洛尔(Metoprolol)、甲硝唑(Metronidazole)、微诺霉素(Micronomicin)、微小RNA、米卡霉素(Mikamycin)、米替福新(Miltefosine)、米诺环素(Minocycline)、米索前列醇(Misoprostol)、二溴甘露醇(Mitobronitol)、二溴卫矛醇(Mitolactol)、米托蒽醌(Mitoxantrone)、糠酸莫米松(Mometasone Furoate)、孟鲁司特(Montelukast)、莫哌达醇(Mopidamol)、莫普洛尔(Moprolol)、吗啡(Morphine)、拉氧头孢(Moxalactam)、mRNA、N4-β-D-葡萄糖基磺胺、那氟沙星(Nadifloxacin)、纳多洛尔(Nadolol)、萘哌地尔(Naftopidil)、纳布啡(Nalbuphine)、那他珠单抗(Natalizumab)、奈必洛尔(Nebivolol)、尼加霉素(Negamycin)、奈非那韦(Nelfinavir)、新霉素(Neomycin)、奈替米星(Netilmicin)、N-氯化羟乙异丙嗪、硝呋吡醇(Nifurpirinol)、硝呋妥因醇(Nifurtoinol)、二胺硝吖啶(Nitracrine)、硝羟喹啉(Nitroxoline)、诺加霉素(Nogalamycin)、非利平斯基分子、去甲二氢愈创木酸(Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid)、去甲左啡诺(Norlevorphanol)、去甲吗啡(Normorphine)、新生霉素(Novobiocin)、夹竹桃霉素(Oleandomycin)、橄榄霉素(Olivomycins)、奥美沙坦(Olmesartan)、奥沙拉秦(Olsalazine)、奥马珠单抗(Omalizumab)、奥匹哌醇(Opipramol)、奥诺前列素(Ornoprostil)、谷维素A(Oryzanol A)、加奈索酮(Ganaxolone)、奥沙西罗(Oxaceprol)、奥沙美辛(Oxametacine)、羟考酮喷他佐辛(Oxycodone Pentazocine)、羟考酮(Oxycodone)、羟吗啡酮(Oxymorphone)、羟基保泰松(Oxyphenbutazone)、土霉素(Oxytetracycline)、紫杉醇(Paclitaxel)和其他已知的紫杉醇类似物,紫杉醇、帕利哌酮棕榈酸酯(Paliperidone Palmitate)、帕利哌酮(Paliperidone)、帕利珠单抗(Palivizumab)、对氨基水杨酸酰肼、对氨基水杨酸、帕尼培南(Panipenem)、巴龙霉素(Paromomycin)、培西洛星(Pecilocin)、聚乙二醇非格司亭(Pegfilgrastim)、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a(Peginterferon alfa-2a)、喷布洛尔(Penbutolol)、喷昔洛韦(Penciclovir)、喷司他丁(Pentostatin)、培普霉素(Peplomycin)、肽模拟物、肽、哌立索唑(Perisoxal)、芬托氯铵(Phenactropiniumchloride)、非那佐辛(Phenazocine)、非那吡啶(Phenazopyridine)、非诺可(Phenocoll)、苯哌利定(Phenoperidine)、酚妥拉明(Phentolamine)、苯基氨基水杨酸酯(Phenylaminosalicylate)、苯基雷米多(Phenylramidol)、水杨酸苯酯(Phenylsalicylate)、匹尔屈嗪(Pildralazine)、吡美莫司(Pimecrolimus)、吲哚洛尔(Pindolol)、匹哌环素(Pipacycline)、吡柔比星(Pirarubicin)、吡罗昔康(Piroxicam)、对乙氧基乳酰苯胺(p-Lactophenetide)、普劳诺托(Plaunotol)、普卡霉素(Plicamycin)、PNA、足叶草毒素(Podophyllotoxin)、多粘菌素(Polymyxin)、泊沙康唑(Posaconazole)、泼尼松龙(Prednisolone)、泼尼松(Prednisone)、伯霉素(Primycin)、普那霉素(Pristinamycin)、普萘洛尔(Propranolol)、蛋白质、原藜芦碱(Protoveratrines)、嘌呤霉素(Puromycin)、吡啶琥醇(Pyrisuccideanol)、奎硫平(Quetiapine)、依折麦布(Ezetimibe)、奎宁(Quinine)、奎奴普汀(Quinupristin)、雷洛昔芬(Raloxifene)、雷替格韦(Raltegravir)、雷莫拉宁(Ramoplanin)、兰尼单抗(Ranibizumab)、雷尼莫司汀(Ranimustine)、雷诺嗪(Ranolazine)、雷夫康唑(Ravuconazole)、瑞西美托(Rescimetol)、雷西莫特(Resiquimod)、维甲酸(包括所有反式视黄酸)、病毒唑(Ribavirin)、核糖霉素(Ribostamycin)、利福布汀(Rifabutin)、利福拉齐(Rifalazil)、利福酰胺(Rifamide)、利福平(Rifampicin)、利福霉素SV(Rifamycin SV)、利福喷丁(Rifapentine)、利福昔明(Rifaximin)、利美索龙(Rimexolone)、里奥前列素(Rioprostil)、利塞膦酸(RisedronicAcid)、利托菌素(Ristocetin)、利替培南(Ritipenem)、利托那韦(Ritonavir)、利妥昔单抗(Rituximab)、罗利四环素(Rolitetracycline)、罗喹美克(Roquinimex)、罗沙前列醇(Rosaprostol)、罗沙胂(Roxarsone)、罗克吲哚(Roxindole)、罗红霉素(Roxithromycin)、红藜芦碱(Rubijervine)、鲁比替康(Rubitecan)、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(S-Adenosylmethionine)、柳氮磺嘧啶(Salazosulfadimidine)、水杨苷(Salicin)、曲马多(Tramadol)、水杨酰胺(Salicylamide)、水杨酰苯胺(Salicylanilide)、水杨烟肼(Salinazid)、沙美特罗(Salmeterol)、双水杨酯(Salsalate)、山帕曲拉(Sampatrilat)、山环素(Sancycline)、沙奎那韦(Saquinavir)、沙格列汀(Saxagliptin)、西奥骨化醇(Seocalcitol)、司维拉姆(Sevelamer)、西卡宁(Siccanin)、辛伐他汀(Simvastatin)、西罗莫司(Sirolimus)、西索米星(Sisomicin)、小发夹RNA、小干扰RNA、生长激素(Somatropin)、索立夫定(Sorivudine)、大观霉素(Spectinomycin)、司他夫定(Stavudine)、利迪链菌素(Streptolydigin)、链霉素(Streptomycin)、链霉素异烟肼(Streptonicozid)、链脲佐菌素(Streptozocin)、柳氮磺吡啶(Sulfasalazine)、硫氧洛尔(Sulfinalol)、合成寡核苷酸、合成肽、他克莫司(Tacrolimus)、他克莫司(Tacrolimus)、他林洛尔(Talinolol)、替考拉宁(Teicoplanin)、泰利霉素(Telithromycin)、替莫泊芬(Temoporfin)、替尼泊苷(Teniposide)、替诺昔康(Tenoxicam)、细交链孢菌酮酸(Tenuazonic Acid)、特非那定(Terfenadine)、特里帕肽(Teriparatide)、特罗芬那酯(Terofenamate)、特他洛尔(Tertatolol)、睾酮(Testosterone)、甲砜霉素(Thiamphenicol)、硫链菌素(Thiostrepton)、噻唑羧胺核苷(Tiazofurin)、噻吗洛尔(Timolol)、噻托溴铵(Tiotropium)、替拉那韦(Tipranavir)、妥布霉素(Tobramycin)、托卡朋(Tolcapone)、托洛沙酮(Toloxatone)、托特罗定(Tolterodine)、托泊替康(Topotecan)、反式白藜芦醇[(E)-3,4′,5-三羟基二苯乙烯)、曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)、曲伏前列素(Travoprost)、去炎松(Triamcinolone)、曲氟尿苷(Trifluridine)、曲马唑嗪(Trimazosin)、曲莫前列素(Trimoprostil)、丙大观霉素(Trospectomycin)、曲沙他滨(Troxacitabine)、结核放线菌素(Tuberactinomycin)、短杆菌酪肽(Tyrocidine)、优特克单抗(Ustekinumab)、戊地昔布(Valdecoxib)、缬更昔洛韦(Valganciclovir)、戊柔比星(Valrubicin)、万古霉素(Vancomycin)、文拉法辛(Venlafaxine)、阿糖腺苷(Vidarabine)、维米醇(Viminol)、长春碱(Vinblastine)、长春新碱(Vincristine)、长春地辛(Vindesine)、紫霉素(Viomycin)、维吉尼亚霉素(Virginiamycin)、伏立康唑(Voriconazole)、黄青霉素(Xanthocillin)、西博莫尔(Xibomol)、昔莫洛芬(Ximoprofen)、鹰爪甲素(Yingzhaosu A)、扎西他滨(Zalcitabine)、扎那米韦(Zanamivir)、齐多夫定(Zidovudine)、唑来膦酸(ZoledronicAcid)、唑仑膦酸(Zolendronic Acid)、佐柔比星(Zorubicin)、佐苏奎达尔(Zosuquidar)、肽、蛋白质、碳水化合物、肽模拟物、抗体、抗原、合成寡核苷酸、阿达木单抗(Adalimumab)、依那西普(Etanercept)、培非格司汀(Pegfilgrastim)、利妥昔单抗(Rituximab)、贝伐珠单抗(Bevacizumab)、甘精胰岛素(Insulin Glargine)、阿法依泊汀(Epoetin Alfa)、曲妥珠单抗(Trastuzumab)、干扰素β-1a(Interferon beta-1a)、雷尼珠单抗(Ranibizumab)、地特米尔胰岛素(Insulin Detemir)、门冬胰岛素(Insulin Aspart)、赖脯胰岛素(InsulinLispro)、非格司汀(Filgrastim)、阿法达贝泊汀(Darbepoetin Alfa)、干扰素β-1b(Interferon beta-1b)、阿巴西普(Abatacept)、利拉鲁肽(Liraglutide)、帕利珠单抗(Palivizumab)、西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)、乌司他单抗(Ustekinumab)、地诺单抗(Denosumab)、四价人乳头状瘤(Human Papilloma Quadrivalent)、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a(Peginterferon alfa-2a)、伊匹利木巴(Ipilimubab)、免疫球蛋白(Immune Globulin)、阿法链道酶(Dornase Alfa)、赛妥珠单抗(Certolizumab)、那他珠单抗(Natalizumab)、生长激素(Somatropin)、阿替普酶(Alteplase)以及戈利木单抗(Golimumab)。
特别优选的生物活性分子为瑞奥西汀(auristatins)(例如单甲基瑞奥西汀E(MMAE)和MMAF)、多拉司他汀(dolastatins)、美登素类化合物(maytansinoids)(例如DM1和DM4)、微管蛋白素(tubulysins)、卡利奇霉素(calicheamicins)、倍癌霉素(duocarmycins)、苯二氮卓类、喜树碱、喜树碱衍生物和类似物(例如SN-38)、蝇蕈毒素(amatoxin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)以及α-鹅膏菌素(α-amanitin)。
通常,-AA-或接头基团与B之间,或接头基团内的键是酸不稳定的。优选地,在这种情况下,键在各种细胞(如巨噬细胞)中发现的例如溶酶体、内体、吞噬体、吞噬溶酶体和自噬体等细胞区室的酸性和/或水解环境中水解。优选地,在这种情况下,-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键,或接头基团内的至少一个键,在<6的pH和仍更优选<5的pH下水解。在酸性环境中水解的键的示例是腙键。
可替代地,-AA-或接头基团与B之间,或接头基团内的键在中性条件下是不稳定的。优选地,在这种情况下,-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键,或接头基团内的至少一个键,在中性pH,优选在6.5至7.5的pH下水解。
可替代地,-AA-或接头基团与B之间,或接头基团内的键是碱不稳定的。优选地,-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键,或接头基团内的至少一个键,在>8的pH和仍更优选>9的pH下水解。
键水解的最佳pH将取决于相关键的精确化学性质。
可替代地,-AA-或接头基团与B之间,或接头基团内的键在酶的存在下水解。优选地,在这种情况下,-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键,或接头基团内的至少一个键被组织蛋白酶B水解。被组织蛋白酶B酶促水解的键的示例是肽键。
可替代地,-AA-或接头基团与B之间,或接头基团内的键耐水解。例如,-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键,或接头基团内的至少一个键可以通过与细胞内硫醇(例如谷胱甘肽)的二硫键交换而裂解。可以以这种方式裂解的键的示例是二硫键。可替代地,-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键,或接头基团内的至少一个键可以通过细胞内蛋白水解降解而裂解。可以以这种方式裂解的键的示例是硫醚键。
-AA-或接头基团与B之间的键的裂解释放所述生物活性分子(例如药物)。优选地,在-AA-和部分B之间存在接头基团。
通常,衍生聚合物重复单元的生物活性分子包含亲核官能团,如胺、醇或硫醇。通常,式(I)中的生物活性部分通过该亲核官能团中的杂原子结合至-AA-或接头基团。在这种情况下,生物活性分子具有式B-H。可替代地,衍生聚合物重复单元的生物活性分子可以包含亲电官能团,如羧酸、酯、硫酯或α,β-不饱和羰基。通常,式(I)中的生物活性部分通过该亲电子官能团中的碳原子结合至-AA-或接头基团。在这种情况下,生物活性分子具有式B-LG,其中LG是在本文定义的加成-消除反应条件下的任何离去基团。
在一个实施方案中,接头基团L1、L2或L3还包含屏蔽基团。不希望受任何特定理论的束缚,这样的屏蔽基团被认为提高了本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的溶解度,和/或减少了该抗体-药物缀合物的凝聚。所述屏蔽基团通常衍生自聚(乙二醇)、聚(丙二醇)或聚(肌氨酸)部分。
因此,在具体的实施方案中,Z为式(ii)的基团,其中,式(ii)的基团为式(vi)的基团:
其中:
-AA-和B如式(ii)中所定义;
每个L4为接头基团;
每个A独立地选自键、氨基酸、肽、磺酸酯或焦磷酸二酯;
每个X'独立地选自O、NH、NRA'和S;
每个R'独立地为氢或C1-20烃基;
每个RA'独立地为C1-20烃基;
每个Q'独立地选自-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o'-、-T'1O(CH2CH2O)s'T'2-和-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)s'T'2-,其中,每个T'1独立地选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,并且每个T'2独立地选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基;
每个o'独立地为0至100的整数;
每个s'独立地为0至150的整数;并且
当Q'为-T'1O(CH2CH2O)s'T'2-和-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)s'T'2-时,每个Y'独立地选自O、NH、NRA'和S,并且当Q'为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o'-时,每个Y'独立地选自-(C=O)-O-、-(C=O)-S-、-(C=O)-NH和-(C=O)-NRA'-。
绘制的Q'部分的左侧共价结合至式(vi)中的Y'部分,并且绘制的Q'部分的右侧共价结合至式(vi)中的X'部分。
在式(vi)中,Q'通常为-T'1O(CH2CH2O)sT'2-或-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT'2-。通常,T'1为-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,更优选为-CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2-。通常,T'2为-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,更优选为-CH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2-。T'1和T'2可以相同或不同。优选地,T'1和T'2相同。通常,式(vi)中的T'1和T'2都选自-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2CH2-,优选地其中,T'1和T'2都选自-CH2CH2-和-CH2CH2CH2-,并且更优选地其中,T'1和T'2均为-CH2CH2-。
当Q'为-T'1O(CH2CH2O)sT'2-或-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT'2-时,式(vi)中的X'优选为O或NH。更优选地,X'为NH。当Q'为-T'1O(CH2CH2O)sT'2-或-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT'2-时,式(vi)中的Y'优选为O或NH。仍更优选地,Y'为O。当Q'为-T'1O(CH2CH2O)sT'2-或-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT'2-时,式(vi)中的R'优选地为氢、甲基或乙基。仍更优选地,R'为甲基。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,X'为NH,Y'为O并且R'为甲基。
在另一个优选实施方案中,式(vi)中的X'-Q'-Y'部分衍生自聚乙二醇(PEG)或聚丙二醇。优选地在这种情况下,X'-Q'-Y'部分衍生自PEG 400、PEG 500、PEG 600、PEG 1000、PEG 1500、PEG 2000、PEG 3000、PEG 4000和PEG 5000。仍更优选地,在式(vi)中,X'为NH,Y'为O,并且T'1和T'2都是-CH2CH2-。最优选地,X'为NH,Y'为O,并且Q'为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-。优选地,X'-Q'-Y'部分具有200至2200的分子量,并且更优选地具有400至1200的分子量。
s'优选地为0至150的整数,更优选地为1至100的整数,仍更优选地为1至50的整数,仍更优选地为3至35的整数,甚至更优选地为7至23的整数。因此,在特别优选的实施方案中,Q'为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-,并且s'为0至150的整数,更优选为1至100,仍更优选为1至50,仍更优选为3至35,甚至更优选为7至23。在甚至更优选的实施方案中,X'为NH,Y'为O,Q'为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-,并且s'为0至150的整数,更优选为1至100,仍更优选为1至50,仍更优选为3至35,甚至更优选为7至23。在此实施方案中,还更优选地,R'为甲基。
在式(vi)的另一个优选实施方案中,Q'为CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-。仍更优选地,在此实施方案中,X'为NH或NRA',更优选为NRA',仍更优选为NMe。甚至更优选地,Q'为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-,X'为NMe,Y'为-(C=O)-O-。仍更优选地,Q'为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-,X'为NMe,Y'为-(C=O)-O-,并且R'为氢或甲基。在这种情况下,X'-Q'-Y'部分是衍生自聚(肌氨酸)或其酯。优选地,聚(肌氨酸)具有350至1800的分子量。
o'优选地为0至100的整数,更优选地为1至75的整数,仍更优选地为2至50的整数,最优选地为5至25的整数。因此,在特别优选的实施方案中,Q为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-,X为NMe,Y为-(C=O)-O-,并且o'为0至100的整数,更优选地为1至75的整数,仍更优选地为2至50的整数,最优选地为5至25的整数。在此实施方案中,还更优选地,R'为氢或甲基。
在式(vi)中,每个A独立地选自键、氨基酸、肽、磺酸酯或焦磷酸二酯。优选地,A为键。可替代地,A为氨基酸、肽、磺酸酯、磺酰胺或焦磷酸二酯。当A为磺酸酯时,A具有以下结构:
其中,*为与L4的连接点,并且**为与X'-Q'-Y'R'的连接点。
当A为磺酰胺时,A具有以下结构:
其中,*为与L4的连接点,并且**为与X'-Q'-Y'R'的连接点。
当A为焦磷酸二酯时,A具有以下结构:
其中,*为与L4的连接点,**为与X'-Q'-Y'R'的连接点,并且f为0至10的整数,优选为1至6。
在式(vi)中,L4通常为式(x)或(xi)的接头部分:
其中:
*表示与-AA-的连接点;
**表示与-A-X'-Q'-Y'R'的连接点;
***表示与-B的连接点;
V1、L'和V2如以上式(ii)中所定义;
X1选自O、S和NH;
X2选自O、S和NH;
X3选自O、S和NH;
RA为C1-20烃基;
m为0至6的整数;和
p为0至6的整数。
因此,在式(vi)中,L4通常为式(x)的接头部分。可替代地,L4可以是式(xi)的接头部分。
在式(x)中,X1优选为O或NH,更优选为NH。在式(x)中,X2优选为O。在式(x)中,X3优选为O。更优选地,在式(x)中,X1为NH,X2为O,X3为O。在式(xi)中,X1优选为O或NH,更优选为NH。在式(xi)中,X2优选为O。在式(xi)中,X3优选为O。更优选地,在式(xi)中,X1为NH,X2为O,X3为O。
在式(x)中,优选地,m和p中的一个为2或3,另一个为0。在此实施方案中,式(x)衍生自天冬氨酸或谷氨酸。在式(xi)中,优选地,m和p中的一个为2或3,另一个为0。在此实施方案中,式(xi)衍生自天冬氨酸或谷氨酸。
在另一个实施方案中,Z为式(iii)的基团,其中,式(iii)的基团为式(vii)的基团:
其中:
-AA-和B如式(iii)中所定义;
每个L5为接头基团;
每个A、X'、Y'、R'、RA'和Q'如式(vi)中所定义(包括优选实施方案);并且
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键。
在式(vii)中,L5通常为式(xii)或(xiii)的接头部分:
其中,*、**、***、L'、V2、X1、X2、X3RA、m和p如式(x)或式(xi)中所定义,V3如式(iii)中所定义,并且每条虚线是可以存在或不存在的键。
因此,在式(vii)中,L5通常为式(xii)的接头部分。可替代地,L5可以是式(xiii)的接头部分。
在另一个实施方案中,Z为式(iv)的基团,其中,式(iv)的基团为式(viii)的基团:
其中:
-AA-和B如式(iv)中所定义;
每个L6为接头基团;
每个A、X'、Y'、R'、RA'和Q'如式(vi)中所定义(包括优选实施方案);并且
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键。
在式(vii)中,L6通常为式(xiv)或(xv)的接头部分:
其中,*、**、***、L'、V2、X1、X2、X3RA、m和p如式(x)或式(xi)中所定义,并且V4如式(iv)中所定义。
因此,在式(viii)中,L6通常为式(xiv)的接头部分。可替代地,L6可以是式(xv)的接头部分。
在另一个实施方案中,Z为式(v)的基团,其中,式(v)的基团为式(ix)的基团:
其中:
-AA-和B如式(v)中所定义;
每个L6为如式(viii)中所定义的接头基团;
每个A、X'、Y'、R'、RA'和Q'如式(vi)中所定义(包括优选实施方案);并且
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键。
聚合物-抗体接头部分的结构
本部分阐述了在本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中存在的接头部分的可能的结构特征。
本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中的接头部分可以衍生自具有至少两个单独的反应性官能团的任何合适的化合物:一个官能团与聚合物反应以形成共价键,另一个官能团与抗体反应以形成共价键。抗体-药物接头部分可以与用于将聚合物主链连接到生物活性部分的任何连接头基团相同或不同(当存在这样的接头基团时)。优选地,抗体-药物接头部分不同于用于将聚合物主链连接到生物活性部分的接头基团。
通常,通过式(I)的重复单元中的-Y-部分的碳原子,或式(I)的重复单元的氨基酸衍生部分中的-NR-基团,聚合物-抗体接头共价结合至聚合物。通常,聚合物-抗体接头在一个聚合物末端处共价结合至聚合物。
通常,聚合物-抗体接头通过抗体的反应性氨基酸侧链共价结合至抗体,例如通过半胱氨酸残基的硫醇基团、赖氨酸残基的氨基基团、谷氨酸残基或天冬氨酸残基的羧酸基团、硒代半胱氨酸残基的硒醇基团、或通过抗体中多肽之一的主链的N端,或通过存在于抗体的片段可结晶(Fc)区域中的寡糖的羟基基团,或通过聚糖或非天然残基的醛或羟胺基团,或通过聚糖或非天然残基的炔基或叠氮化物基团。
聚合物与抗体可以独立地共价结合至接头部分的相同原子,或者它们可以独立地共价结合至接头部分的不同原子。优选地,聚合物和抗体独立地共价结合至接头部分的不同原子。
用于本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的合适接头部分包括但不限于衍生自以下的接头:硫醇、马来酰亚胺、单溴马来酰亚胺、马来酰亚胺类似物、乙烯基砜、双(砜)(例如)、丙二烯酰胺(allenamides)、乙烯基吡啶、二乙烯基嘧啶、脱氢丙氨酸、烯烃、全氟芳香族分子、茱莉亚子碱样(Julia-Kocienski like)的砜试剂、N-羟基琥珀酰胺-酯活化的羧酸酯物质、醛、酮、羟胺、炔烃和叠氮化物。
因此,硫醇、马来酰亚胺、单溴马来酰亚胺、马来酰亚胺类似物、乙烯基砜、双(砜)(例如)、丙二烯酰胺、乙烯基吡啶、二乙烯基嘧啶、脱氢丙氨酸、烯烃、全氟芳香族物质、茱莉亚子碱样的砜试剂、N-羟基琥珀酰胺-酯活化的羧酸酯物质、醛、酮、羟胺、炔烃和叠氮化物,与(a)聚合物主链和(b)抗体的反应导致合适的接头基团。双(砜)在这种情况下作为(双烷基化)试剂。接头可以通过例如光引发的硫醇-烯反应从烯烃衍生。因此,抗体上的硫醇基团可以与烯烃官能团反应以生成共价连接。与脱氢丙氨酸的反应可以例如通过与抗体上的硫醇基团的迈克尔加成消除(Michael addition-elimination)而发生。N-羟基琥珀酰胺-酯活化的羧酸盐种类可与抗体中的赖氨酸基团反应。酮、醛和/或羟胺可以通过肟键形成或通过肼基-皮克特-施彭格勒(hydrazino-Pictet-Spengler)(HIPS)连接而缀合至聚糖修饰的抗体或非天然残基。炔烃和叠氮化物可以通过点击化学(叠氮化物-炔烃环加成反应)与聚糖修饰的抗体或非天然残基缀合。
抗体-药物缀合物的结构
最优选地,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物具有式(III)或(IV):
其中:
(I)为如前述权利要求中任一项所定义的式(I)的重复单元;
Ab为抗体或其抗原结合片段;
L为如上定义的聚合物-抗体接头;
R”选自OH、ORA、SH、SRA、NH2、NHRA和NRA 2;
E选自H和RA;
RA如式(I)中所定义;并且
z为1至50的整数。
因此,通常,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物具有式(IIIa)或式(IVa):
优选地,z为1至30的整数,更优选为2至20,甚至更优选为2至15,最优选为2至12的整数。
本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中聚合物的重均分子量通常为500Da至500000Da,更优选为1000Da至200000Da,仍更优选为1500Da至36000Da。优选地,聚合物的数均分子量为500Da至500000Da,更优选为1000Da至200000Da,仍更优选为1500Da至25000Da,仍更优选为2000Da至20000Da。优选地,聚合物的多分散度为1至5,更优选为1.05至4.8,仍更优选为1.1至2.4,仍更优选为1.1至1.5。可替代地,聚合物的多分散度为0.9-1.1,优选为0.95-1.05,最优选为约1,即聚合物优选为单分散的。
本发明的抗体-药物缀合物中存在的生物活性部分优选地具有32Da至100000Da的分子量。生物活性部分可以是小分子药物,其可以是小的有机分子,即非聚合的或聚合的。优选地,基于干抗体-药物缀合物的重量,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物包含0.5wt%至90wt%、更优选地0.75wt%至70wt%、仍更优选地1wt%至60wt%、仍更优选地1.5wt%至50wt%、仍更优选地1.75wt%至25wt%且最优选地2wt%至10wt%的生物活性部分。本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的关键优点是可以将相对大量的生物活性分子并入到聚合物中。此外,多个聚合物可以结合到单个抗体上。这些因素反过来意味着可以实现高的生物活性分子负载。通常,药物与抗体比值(DAR)为4:1或更高,优选为5:1或更高,更优选为8:1或更高,仍更优选为10:1或更高,仍更优选为12:1或更高,甚至更优选为15:1或更高,最优选为16:1或更高,例如20:1或更高。
通常,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物在水中的溶解度为至少10mg/mL,优选地至少30mg/mL,更优选地至少50mg/mL,仍更优选地至少75mg/mL,最优选地至少100mg/mL。
本发明还提供了如本文所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中生物活性部分从聚合物中的释放是pH敏感的并且取决于所述生物活性部分和聚合物的重复单元之间的键的性质或它共价结合的接头基团的性质。
可替代地,抗体可以被可替代形式的靶向剂替换。因此,本发明还提供了靶向剂-药物缀合物,包含:
(i)靶向剂;
(ii)包含式(I)的重复单元的聚合物:
其中:
X选自O、NH、NRA和S;
Y选自C=O、C=NH、C=NRA和C=S;
R为氢或C1-20烃基;
RA为C1-20烃基;
每个Q独立地选自-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-、-T1O(CH2CH2O)sT2-和-T1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT2-,其中,T1选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,并且T2选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,
o为0至100的整数;
s为0至150的整数;
x为1至6的整数;并且
每个Z独立地选自式(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)或(v)的基团:
其中,
当Z为式(i)或(ii)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-H表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L1为接头基团;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iii)的基团时:
-AA=为三价部分,使得-AA=O表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L2为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iv)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-CH=CH2或-AA-C≡CH表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
当Z为式(v)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-N3表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
(iii)聚合物-靶向剂接头,其共价结合至靶向剂和聚合物。
式(I)的优选实施方案与上述抗体-药物缀合物相同。
靶向剂共价结合至聚合物。合适的靶向剂包括生物分子,如肽、蛋白质、肽模拟物、抗体、抗原、DNA、mRNA、小干扰RNA、小发夹RNA、微小RNA、PNA、折叠体、碳水化合物、碳水化合物衍生物、非利平斯基分子、合成肽和合成寡核苷酸。
聚合物-靶向剂接头可以采用与如上定义的聚合物-抗体接头相同的任何结构。
最优选地,本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物具有式(V)或(VI):
其中:
(I)为如前述权利要求中任一项所定义的式(I)的重复单元
Tar为如上定义的靶向剂;
L为如上定义的聚合物-抗体接头;
R”选自OH、ORA、SH、SRA、NH2、NHRA和NRA 2;
E选自H和RA;
RA如式(I)中所定义;并且
z为1至50的整数。
因此,通常,本发明的抗体-药物缀合物具有式(Va)或式(VIa):
优选地,z为1至30的整数,更优选地为2至20的整数,甚至更优选地为2至15的整数,最优选地为2至12的整数。本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物中的聚合物通常具有500Da至500000Da的重均分子量,更优选地1000Da至200000Da,仍更优选地1500Da至36000Da。优选地,该聚合物具有500Da至500000Da的数均分子量,更优选地1000Da至200000Da,仍更优选地1500Da至25000Da,仍更优选地2000Da至20000Da。优选地,聚合物的多分散度为1至5,更优选为1.05至4.8,仍更优选为1.1至2.4,并且仍更优选为1.1至1.5。
本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物中存在的生物活性部分优选地具有32Da至100000Da的分子量。生物活性部分可以是小分子药物,其可以是小的有机分子,即非聚合的或聚合的。优选地,基于干抗体-药物缀合物的重量,本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物包含0.5wt%至90wt%、更优选地0.75wt%至70wt%、仍更优选地1wt%至60wt%、仍更优选地1.5wt%至50wt%、甚至更优选地1.75wt%至25wt%且最优选地2wt%至10wt%的生物活性部分。本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物的关键优点是可以将相对大量的生物活性分子掺入到聚合物中。此外,多个聚合物可以结合至单个靶向剂。这些因素反过来意味着可以实现高的生物活性分子负载。通常,药物与靶向剂比值为4:1或更高,优选地5:1或更高,更优选地8:1或更高,仍更优选地10:1或更高,仍更优选地12:1或更高,甚至更优选地15:1或更高,最优选地16:1或更高,例如20:1或更高。
本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物中的每个生物活性部分B可以是相同的。可替代地,本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物含有至少两个不同的生物活性部分,例如2、3或4个不同的生物活性部分。在本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物中存在的优选的生物活性部分如以上关于抗体-药物缀合物中所描述。
通常,本发明的靶向剂-药物缀合物在水中的溶解度为至少30mg/mL,优选地至少50mg/mL,更优选地至少75mg/mL,并且最优选地至少100mg/mL。
制备抗体-药物缀合物的方法
本发明还涉及一种生产根据本发明的抗体-药物缀合物的方法。
在以下方法中,各离去基团LG优选自Cl、OH、OR'、SH、SR'、NH2、NHR'、NR'2、O-2-Cl-Trt、ODmb、O-2-PhiPr、O-EDOTn-Ph、O-NHS、OFm、ODmab和OCam。仍更优选地,LG选自OMe、OEt、OtBu、O-2-Cl-Trt、ODmb、O-2-PhiPr、O-EDOTn-Ph、O-NHS、OFm、ODmab和OCam。式(IIa)和/或式(IIb)和/或式(IIc)和/或式(IId)和/或式(IIf)和/或式(IIg)和/或式(IIh)和/或式(IIj)和/或B-LG中的一种或多种化合物中的LG可以相同或不同。
通常,这种方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIa)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、Z和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIa)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、Z和LG如上所定义;并且
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(i)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIc)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与生物活性分子B-LG反应;并且
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(i)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIc)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与生物活性分子B-LG反应;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(i)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIc)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物以及生物活性分子B-LG反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(i)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIc)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;并且
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与生物活性分子B-LG反应。
可替代地,Z为式(i)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIc)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物以及生物活性分子B-LG反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;并且
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与生物活性部分B-H反应;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与生物活性部分B-H反应;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(c)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与生物活性部分B-H反应;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性部分B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与步骤(e)的产物反应;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性部分B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与步骤(e)的产物反应;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(c)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(e)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性部分B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与步骤(e)的产物反应;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(c)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(d)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性部分B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(c)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应;
(f)使步骤(e)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;
(e)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(e)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应;
(f)使步骤(e)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;
(e)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(f)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;并且
(g)使步骤(e)的产物与步骤(f)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应;
(f)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;并且
(g)使步骤(e)的产物与步骤(f)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;并且
(f)使步骤(e)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;并且
(g)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(f)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;并且
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与步骤(e)的产物反应;并且
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与步骤(a)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(b)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与接头部分H-L2-LG反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;并且
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;并且
(e)使步骤(c)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIf)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(b)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;并且
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与接头部分N3-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与接头部分N3-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)单独地,使接头部分N3-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(b)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)单独地,使接头部分N3-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与接头部分N3-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与接头部分N3-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;并且
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)单独地,使接头部分N3-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;并且
(e)使步骤(c)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(iv)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIg)或式(IIh)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)单独地,使接头部分N3-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(b)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;并且
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)单独地,使接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(b)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(b)单独地,使接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;并且
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(e)使步骤(d)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(b)的产物与接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(c)的产物与生物活性分子B-H反应;并且
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(b)的产物反应;
(d)单独地,使接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;并且
(e)使步骤(c)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
可替代地,Z为式(v)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使抗体或其抗原结合片段与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(b)单独地,使式(IIj)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义;
(c)单独地,使接头部分HC≡C-L3-LG或H2C=CH-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应,其中,L3和LG如上所定义;
(d)使步骤(b)的产物与步骤(c)的产物反应;并且
(e)使步骤(a)的产物与步骤(d)的产物反应。
在特别优选的方法中,Z为式(ii)的基团,并且该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)使式(IId)的化合物与式(IIb)的化合物反应:
其中,Q、R、X、Y、AA和LG如上所定义,并且PG和PG'各自独立地为保护基团;
(b)使步骤(a)的产物与聚合物-抗体接头反应;
(c)在合适的反应条件下去除保护基团PG和PG';
(d)实施氧化裂解以提供包含重复单元式(IIe)的1,2-二羰基物质:
其中,x如上所定义;
(e)单独地,使接头部分H-L2-LG与生物活性部分B-H反应,其中,L2和LG如上所定义;
(f)使步骤(d)的产物与步骤(e)的产物反应;
(g)使步骤(f)的产物与抗体或其抗原结合片段反应。
在本发明的优选方法中,生物活性分子如本文所定义或为如本文所定义的生物活性分子的受保护形式。在聚合、官能化和缀合反应期间可以使用本领域众所周知的常规保护基团策略。在本发明的进一步优选的方法中,抗体如本文所定义。在本发明的又一优选方法中,聚合物-抗体接头部分如本文所定义。
在特别优选的方法中,其中,Z为式(ii)的基团,PG为任何合适的胺保护基团。优选地,PG为缩醛、苯甲酰基、甲苯磺酰基、对甲氧基苄基、磺酰胺或氨基甲酸酯保护基团。氨基甲酸酯保护基团的非限制性示例包括叔丁氧基羰基(Boc)、苄氧羰基(Cbz)或芴基甲氧羰基(Fmoc)。在特别优选的方法中,其中,Z为式(ii)的基团,PG'为任何合适的醇保护基团。优选地,PG'为乙酰基、苯甲酰基、苄基、β-甲氧基乙氧基甲基醚(MEM)、甲氧基甲基醚(MOM)、对甲氧基苄基醚(PMB)、新戊酰基(Piv)、四氢吡喃基(THP)、四氢呋喃(THF)、三苯甲基(Tr)、甲硅烷基醚或酯保护基团。特别优选的保护基团PG'为叔丁酯。在一些特别优选的方法中,PG和PG'在相同的反应条件下裂解。可替代地,在一些方法中,PG和PG'在正交反应条件下裂解。在一种特别优选的方法中,PG为Boc并且PG'为叔丁酯。这些基团可以通过添加酸(例如三氟乙酸(TFA))而被同时裂解。
优选酶促、通过固相肽合成(solid phase peptide synthesis,SPPS)、通过缩聚、通过自由基链增长聚合或通过开环聚合实施本发明的方法中的聚合步骤,最优选酶促或通过SPPS。
涉及使分子H-L2-LG、HC≡C-L3-LG、H2C=CH-L3-LG或N3-L3-LG与生物活性分子B-H反应的上述任何方法中的任何步骤,可以被任何产生相应分子H-L2-B、HC≡C-L3-B、H2C=CH-L3-B或N3-L3-B的合适可替代方案替换。这可以包括两个单元的缩合以在接头部分L2或L3内形成键作为最终合成步骤。例如,当目标产物中的Z为式(ii)或(iii)的基团时,分子H-V3-LG可以与分子H-L'-V2-B反应以生成分子H-L2-B。例如,在一个优选方法中,分子H-V3-OH可以与分子H-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-B反应以形成H-L2-B。类似地,当目标产物中的Z为式(iv)的基团时,分子N3-V4-LG可以与分子H-L'-V2-B反应以生成分子N3-L3-LG。类似地,当目标产物中的Z为式(v)的基团时,分子HC≡C-V4-LG或H2C=CH-V4-LG可以与分子H-L'-V2-B反应以生成分子HC≡C-L3-LG。
药物组合物
本发明的抗体-药物缀合物可以掺入药物组合物中。因此,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包含如本文所定义的抗体-药物缀合物和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。药物组合物可以任何常规方式制备。药物组合物可包含一种或多种不同的如本文所述的抗体-药物缀合物。合适的载体、稀释剂和赋形剂是本领域公知的。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过以下任何一种或多种途径施用至患者:口服、全身(例如经皮、鼻内、跨粘膜或通过栓剂)或肠胃外(例如,肌肉内、静脉内或皮下)。本发明的组合物可以采取片剂、丸剂、胶囊、半固体、粉剂、缓释制剂、溶液、悬浮液、酏剂、气雾剂、透皮贴剂、生物粘附膜或任何其他合适组合物的形式。制剂的选择取决于多种因素,例如药物施用方式(例如对于口服施用,片剂、丸剂或胶囊形式的制剂是优选的)和药物物质的生物利用度。
本发明的药物组合物还可以包括常用的药用赋形剂,如润滑剂、增稠剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、防腐剂、填充剂、粘合剂、保存剂(persevative)和吸附促进剂,例如表面渗透剂。也可以使用增溶剂和/或稳定剂,例如环糊精(CD)。本领域技术人员将能够基于其目的选择合适的赋形剂。可用于本文所述的药物产品的常见赋形剂列于各种手册中(例如D.E.Bugay和W.P.Findlay(Eds)Pharmaceutical excipients(Marcel Dekker,纽约,999),E-M Hoepfner,A.Reng和P.C.Schmidt(Eds)Fiedler Encyclopedia of Excipients forPharmaceuticals,Cosmetics and Related Areas(Edition Cantor,Munich,2002)和H.P.Fielder(Ed)Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe fur Pharmazie,Kosmetik und angrenzendeGebiete(Edition Cantor Aulendorf,1989))。
本发明的药物组合物可以被配制成通过采用本领域公知的程序在施用于患者后提供抗体-药物缀合物的快速、持续或延迟的释放。药物组合物中抗体-药物缀合物的浓度取决于多种因素,包括聚合物的性质、聚合物上的载药量、抗体的身份、组成、施用方式、待治疗或诊断的病症以及它所施用于的对象,并且可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的技术根据选择而改变或调整。
抗体-药物缀合物的医学用途
本文所述的抗体-药物缀合物和药物组合物可用于医学应用。因此,本发明提供如本文所述的抗体-药物缀合物用于治疗有需要的患者的疾病或病症。通常,本文所述的抗体-药物缀合物和药物组合物用于治疗选自以下的疾病:炎性疾病(例如炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎和动脉粥样硬化)、代谢紊乱(例如糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖症)、癌症、细菌感染(例如结核病、肺炎、心内膜炎、败血症、沙门氏菌病、伤寒症、囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病)、病毒感染、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、神经障碍、行为和精神障碍、血液疾病、染色体疾病、先天与遗传疾病、结缔组织疾病、消化系统疾病、耳鼻喉疾病、内分泌疾病、环境疾病、眼部疾病、女性生殖疾病、真菌感染、心脏病、遗传性癌症综合征、免疫系统疾病、肾脏和泌尿系统疾病、肺病、男性生殖疾病、口腔疾病、肌肉骨骼疾病、骨髓增生异常综合征、神经系统疾病、新生儿筛查疾病(newborn screening)、营养疾病、寄生虫病、罕见癌症和皮肤病。
一般而言,将本发明的抗体-药物缀合物施用于人类患者,以向患者递送治疗有效量的包含在其中的生物活性分子。
如本文所使用的,术语“治疗有效量”是指生物活性分子的下述量:足以降低或缓解正在治疗的病症的严重性、持续时间、进展或发作,防止正在治疗的病症的进展,导致与正在治疗的病症相关的症状的消退,预防与正在治疗的病症相关的症状的复发、发展、发作或进展,或增强或改善另一疗法的预防或治疗效果。施用至患者的生物活性分子的精确量将取决于疾病或病症的类型和严重性以及患者的特征,例如总体健康状况、年龄、性别、体重和对药物的耐受性。它还取决于正在治疗的病症的程度、严重性和类型。技术人员将能够根据这些和其他因素确定合适的剂量。
如本文所使用的,术语“治疗(treat)”、“治疗(treatment)”和“治疗(treating)”指由于施用根据本发明的薄膜给患者,而降低或缓解正在治疗的病症的进展、严重性和/或持续时间,或者缓解正在治疗的病症的一种或多种症状(优选地,一种或多种可识别的症状)。
本发明还提供了一种治疗人类患者的如本文所述的疾病或病症的方法,其中所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用至少一种如本文所述的抗体-药物缀合物。
本发明还提供了如本文所述的抗体-药物缀合物在制造用于治疗人类患者的如本文所述的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
本发明的任何一种抗体-药物缀合物或多种抗体-药物缀合物也可以与一种或多种其他药物或药物组合物组合,用于治疗本发明的ADC和/或其他药物或药物组合物可对其有用的疾病或病症。
所述一种或多种其他药物或药物组合物可以通过以下任何一种或多种途径施用至患者:口服、全身(例如经皮、鼻内、跨粘膜或通过栓剂)或肠胃外(例如肌肉内、静脉内或皮下)。所述一种或多种其他药物的组合物或药物组合物可以采取以下形式:片剂、丸剂、胶囊、半固体、粉剂、缓释制剂、溶液、悬浮液、酏剂、气雾剂、透皮贴剂、生物粘附膜或任何其他合适的组合物。制剂的选择取决于多种因素,例如药物施用方式(例如对于口服施用,片剂、丸剂或胶囊形式的制剂是优选的)和药物物质的生物利用度。
本文引用的出版物、专利出版物和其他专利文件通过引用方式全部并入。在本文中,对单数术语的任何引用也包括其复数。在使用术语“包含(comprising)”、“包含(comprise)”或“包括(comprises)”的情况下,所述术语可以分别被“由……组成(consisting of)”、“由……组成(consist of)”或“由……构成(consists of)”替换,或分别被“基本上由……组成(consisting essentially of)”、“基本上由……组成(consistessentially of)”或“基本上由……构成(consists essentially of)”替换。对数值范围或单个数值的任何引用还包括接近该范围或单个值的值。除非另有说明,否则对具有式(I)的重复单元的聚合物的任何引用也包括其生理学上可接受的盐。除非另有说明,否则任何百分比(%)值均基于所讨论的一种或多种组分的相对重量。
实施例
以下是阐述本发明的实施例。然而,这些实施例决并非旨在限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:聚合物(1)的制备
通过以下合成步骤合成式(1)的目标聚合物(方案1)。使用固相合成(Solid PhaseSynthesis,SPS)从单体(2)和(3)(方案2)构建聚合物(1),从而能够构建特定数量单元的聚合物。然后,聚合物可以从树脂裂解以得到作为单分散聚合物的产物。
方案1.目标聚合物(1)的结构
Fmoc-保护的PEG12-酸(2)购自商业供应商,并且如下所述合成氨基酸衍生的单体(3)。使用SPS构建聚合物后,通过与3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸偶联来封端末端胺基,然后使用三氟乙酸(TFA)、三异丙基硅烷(TIS)和水的混合物进行单一裂解和脱保护步骤以释放聚合物(1)。
方案2.单体(2)和(3)的结构
步骤a:单体(3)的制备
通过在乙酸乙酯和1,4-二恶烷的混合物中使用DCC和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺将酸基团转化为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯来活化Boc-Ser(OtBu)-OH。该反应从10g起始原料(定量)产生14.5g白色固体。将该物质用于下一步并与二氯甲烷中的Fmoc-Lys-OH.HCl以及二异丙基乙胺反应。分离的物质为白色固体,收率为98%,NMR显示了主要产物(3)(图1)。HPLC分析显示了在214nm处的90%的纯度和在254nm处的95.2%的纯度。
步骤b:通过SPS的聚合物(1)的合成
合成的第一步是使树脂(750mg)初始负载单体(2),以实现0.3-0.4mmol/g的负载。使用通过Fmoc裂解的树脂负载测量结果以估算树脂上的取代的量(0.36mmol/g)。在剩余未取代的氨基位点通过用乙酸酐酰化被封端之后,通过实施标准Fmoc脱保护(DMF中20%哌啶)和交替单体(3)和单体(2)之间的偶联/活化步骤(DMF中的HATU和DIPEA)来构建聚合物。该过程用于构建4单元聚合物。在反应序列的每个阶段进行分析。紫外光谱用于监测在反应序列的每个阶段的Fmoc基团的脱保护。通过Kaiser测试,在每个偶联/活化阶段不存在胺官能团表明反应进行到完成。该数据与质谱分析(MALDI-ToF和ESI-MS)相结合表明聚合物生长。
在将聚合物构建成4个单元后,使用大量过量的3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸在标准条件下,HATU作为偶联剂并且DIPEA作为碱,对胺进行封端。对树脂的Kaiser测试对于任何胺残基均为阴性,表明聚合物的完全封端。实施聚合物的脱保护和从树脂的裂解,将得到的粗残留物(1)用乙醚和戊烷洗涤。将聚合物溶解在最小体积的DCM中并添加戊烷直到聚合物从溶液中析出。用移液管小心去除有机溶剂并重复该过程。将残留物溶解在DCM中并在35℃真空下去除挥发物,得到的粗品(1)的质量为852mg。聚合物(1)由MS表征(图2)。
实施例2:与聚合物(1)连接的MMAE药物载荷
步骤a:聚合物(4)的合成
方案3.聚合物4的结构
用高碘酸钠对粗聚合物(1)实施氧化以实现聚合物(4)的合成(方案3)。向粗聚合物(1)(41mg,0.101μmol)在Dulbecco磷酸盐缓冲盐水(712μL)和乙腈(80μL)的混合物中的溶液中添加NaIO4(40mg,187μmol)作为一个部分的固体。将反应混合物在环境温度下在1小时时段内偶尔摇动。将反应混合物通过0.45μm PTFE过滤,并立即通过制备型HPLC(C18)纯化,使用H2O(0.05%TFA)中的15-45%MeCN的梯度,持续35分钟。通过LC-MS和RP-UPLC分析级分。合并含有所需产物(4)的级分。聚合物(4)由MS表征(图3)。
步骤b:MMAE试剂(5)的合成
方案4.MMAE试剂(5)的结构
MMAE试剂(5)的合成通过以下步骤实现。
1.Fmoc-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-γ-叔丁酯的制备
将Fmoc-L-谷氨酸γ-叔丁酯α-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯和 24-胺装入40mL具有搅拌棒的小瓶中。然后,通过注射器添加DMF,并在搅拌后溶解材料。然后,通过注射器添加DIPEA,并将内容物在室温下搅拌2小时。用0.5mL AcOH淬灭反应,然后,在旋转蒸发仪上将反应混合物浓缩至一半体积。将粗反应混合物加载到150g的ISCO Gold C18柱上,用10%乙腈(ACN)/H2O w/0.05%TFA平衡。用ACN/H2O w/0.05%TFA洗脱材料,并且对级分进行分析、收集、冷冻,然后冻干。2天后,将烧瓶从冻干机中取出,得到2.62g(91.6%收率)白色蜡状固体。
2.Fmoc-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)的制备
将Fmoc-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-γ-叔丁酯和DCM装入60mL具有搅拌棒的小瓶中。材料通过搅拌溶解,然后在IPA/冰浴中冷却至0至-3℃。然后,在15分钟内通过注射器添加TFA,保持温度低于5℃。TFA完全加入后,使内容物升温至室温并搅拌1小时。然后,将小瓶内容物在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩,并且将该材料“按照原样(as is)”用于后续转化。
3.Fmoc-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-vc-PAB-MMAE的制备
将vc-PAB-MMAE、HATU、Fmoc-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)装入60mL具有搅拌棒的小瓶中。通过注射器添加DMF,并且搅拌内容物以溶解。一旦得到均匀溶液,通过注射器添加DIPEA,并将内容物在室温下搅拌24小时。用1M的AcOH水溶液(10mL)淬灭反应,然后加载到275g ISCO Gold C18柱上,用20%ACN/H2O w/0.05%TFA平衡。用ACN/H2O w/0.05%TFA洗脱材料,并且对级分进行分析、收集、冷冻,然后冻干。5天后,将烧瓶从冻干机中取出,得到933mg(65.4%收率)白色固体。
4.Boc-氨基氧乙酰胺-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-vc-PAB-MMAE的制备
将Fmoc-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-vc-PAB-MMAE装入100ml具有搅拌棒的圆底烧瓶中并溶解在甲醇中。然后,通过注射器添加哌啶并将内容物在室温下搅拌18小时。然后,将反应混合物在旋转蒸发器上浓缩,产生固体。然后,将浓缩的反应混合物溶解在THF(20mL)中,然后在冰浴中冷却至2-5℃,随后添加DIPEA(3.5mL)。然后,将N-Boc-氨基氧乙酸NHS酯作为固体加入烧瓶中,并将内容物在室温下搅拌18小时。然后,将反应混合物在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩,然后溶解于DMF中并用1M的HCl酸化至pH 3。然后,将淬灭的混合物加载到150gISCO Gold C18柱上,用20%ACN/H2O w/0.05%TFA平衡。用ACN/H2O w/0.05%TFA洗脱材料,并且对级分进行分析、收集、冷冻,然后冻干。5天后,将烧瓶从冻干机中取出,得到1.12g(122%收率)透明玻璃状固体。
5.氨基氧乙酰胺-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-vc-PAB-MMAE TFA(5)的制备
将Boc-氨基氧乙酰胺-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-vc-PAB-MMAE装入100mL具有搅拌棒的圆底烧瓶中,然后添加DCM(23mL)。搅拌内容物以溶解,然后将内容物在IPA/冰浴中冷却至-9.0℃。然后,通过注射器添加TFA并将反应混合物保持在-9至-14℃之间5小时。将该反应用7mL N-甲基吗啉淬灭,通过受控添加保持温度低于0℃。然后,将淬灭的混合物在室温下在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩,然后溶解于2mL水中。使用配备有用20%ACN/H2O w/20mmolNH4OAc平衡的250×50mm Luna C18柱的ISCO EZPrep仪器纯化溶液。用ACN/H2O w/20mmolNH4OAc洗脱材料,并且对级分进行分析、收集、冷冻,然后冻干。3天后,将烧瓶从冻干机中取出,得到192mg(34%收率)白色固体产物(5),通过LC-MS表征(图4和图5)。步骤c:MMAE试剂(5)与聚合物(4)偶联生成MMAE聚合物缀合物(6)
在纯化的醛官能化的聚合物(4)与羟胺-vc-PAB-MMAE(5)之间实施肟连接,以生成具有药物载荷MMAE(6)的4个拷贝的缀合物(方案5)。
方案5.MMAE聚合物缀合物(6)的结构
将氨基氧乙酰胺-L-谷氨酰胺-(PEG24-OMe)-vc-PAB-MMAE TFA(5,13mg,50.9μmol)溶解在MeCN:H2O与0.05%TFA(1:1v/v,250μL)的混合物中,并添加到聚合物(4)的合并的HPLC级分中。将得到的混合物在室温搅拌1小时。通过RP-UPLC分析观察到醛聚合物的完全转化;通过LC-MS证实所需的产物形成。将反应混合物真空浓缩,并且通过制备型RP-HPLC(C18)使用30-80%MeCN的水溶液(0.05%TFA)梯度在25分钟内直接纯化残留物。通过RP-UPLC和LC-MS分析(6)的级分(图6和图7)。将含有所需的产物的级分合并并冻干,得到6mg所需的产物(6),其为白色固体。
实施例3:通过将MMAE聚合物缀合物(6)与曲妥珠单抗缀合制备MMAE ADC
用反应缓冲液(381μL)稀释在反应缓冲液(20mM磷酸钠,pH7.5,150mM NaCl,20mMEDTA(519μL;5.5mg;37nmol;1.0eq.))中10.6mg/mL的曲妥珠单抗,并在加热器(heatingblock)中加热至40℃持续10分钟。通过在22℃、pH7条件下使用不含内毒素的水从0.5MTCEP储备水溶液稀释而制备5mM三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐(TCEP)在水中的溶液。在40℃将5mMTCEP溶液(17.1μL;85.5nmol;2.3eq.)添加到曲妥珠单抗溶液中,得到6mg/mL的最终的曲妥珠单抗浓度。将曲妥珠单抗溶液在40℃孵育2小时,然后使其冷却至22℃。
通过将6.0mg(6)(MW=13415g.mol-1)溶解在231μL DMSO中而制备26.0mg/mL的MMAE聚合物缀合物(6)在二甲亚砜(DMSO)中的溶液。将DMSO中的(6)试剂溶液(163μL;315nmol;8.5eq.)和反应缓冲液(18μL)添加到曲妥珠单抗溶液中,得到15%(v/v)DMSO的最终浓度和5.0mg/mL的最终抗体浓度。将反应在22℃孵育1.5小时。
在22℃1.5小时后,在HiLoad 16/600Superdex 200pg柱上通过制备型SEC纯化反应混合物,该柱用含有10%(v/v)甘油的PBS(pH7.2)平衡。流速在1.5mL/min保持恒定。通过分析HIC和分析SEC收集并分析级分。合并含有单体ADC且不含游离的试剂(6)并且显示平均DAR介于8-32之间的级分,并且使用Vivaspin 20离心浓缩器(PES膜,30kDa MWCO)浓缩至3.0mg/mL,该离心浓缩器用含有10%(v/v)甘油的PBS(pH7.2)平衡。浓缩的缀合物样品通过0.22μm孔径的PVDF膜过滤器进行无菌过滤。
MMAE ADC的初步表征通过HIC、SEC实施,并通过UV量化,并且确定了内毒素水平(分析结果显示于表1a中)。虽然具有15的高平均DAR,但未观察到ADC在浓度为3.0mg/mL的存储缓冲溶液中发生聚集。此外,初步研究表明,与对照ADC相比,该ADC具有改善的血清稳定性。
重复实施HIC实验并显示MMAE ADC的平均DAR为17.1(参见表1b)。
表1a:来自初步实验的ADC的分析总结
表1b:在ADC上重复分析HIC实验
实施例4:使用MMAE ADC的细胞活力测定
将Her2高SK-BR-3(人类乳腺癌,HTB-30,Manassas,VA,美国)在补充有200U/mL青霉素、200μg/mL链霉素以及20%热灭活的胎牛血清的McCoy 5A培养基中培养。将Her2低JIMT-1(人类乳腺癌,ACC589,DSMZ,Braunschweig,德国)在补充有200U/mL青霉素、200μg/mL链霉素以及10%热灭活的胎牛血清的DMEM 培养基中培养。将Her2阴性NCI-H520(人类肺鳞状细胞癌,)在补充有200U/mL青霉素、200μg/mL链霉素以及10%热灭活的胎牛血清的RPMI培养基中培养。
将SK-BR-3、JIMT-1和NCI-H520细胞分别以5×103、2×103和2.5×103个细胞/100μL生长培养基的密度接种在96孔板中,并在37℃/5%CO2下孵育24小时。24小时后,用生长培养基中的测试样品(ADC、和无载荷MMAE)的连续稀释液替换该生长培养基。
在ADC或对照的存在下96小时后,使用发光测定检测了活力。将测定板在室温下平衡20分钟,然后每孔添加100μL的试剂。然后,将板以300rpm混合3分钟以帮助细胞裂解,并且在室温下再孵育20分钟以稳定发光信号。使用SpectraMaxi3x酶标仪记录发光,默认积分时间为0.5s/孔。
然后,使用四参数非线性回归模型分析数据。活力表示为未处理的细胞的百分比,100%的活力对应于含有仅用完全培养基处理的细胞的孔的平均发光度。将百分比活力(Y轴)对以nM为单位的药物浓度(X轴)作图,并使用软件计算所有测试的化合物的IC50值。
对于ADC,用SK-BR-3(Her2高)和JIMT-1(Her2低)细胞系均观察到了强烈的抗增殖效果(表2)。用NCI-H520(Her2阴性)细胞系观察到了最小的抗增殖效果。
实施例5:MMAE ADC的体内功效研究
本研究的目的是评估实施例3的MMAE ADC在雌性BALB/c裸鼠中在皮下NCI-N87人胃癌CDX模型中的体内抗肿瘤功效。
实验设计
表3.功效研究的实验设计的说明
注:
1.N:动物编号
2.给药体积:根据体重调节给药体积至5mL/kg
3.实验持续时间为42天
实验方法和过程
动物
物种:小家鼠(Mus musculus)
品种:BALB/c裸鼠
年龄:6-8周
性别:雌性
体重:18-22g
细胞培养
在37℃的5%CO2氛围中,NCI-N87肿瘤细胞(ATCC,Manassas,VA,cat#CRL-5822)在补充有10%胎牛血清、1%抗生素-抗真菌剂的RPMI-1640培养基中在体外保持为单层培养物。肿瘤细胞通过胰蛋白酶-EDTA处理每周常规传代培养两次。收获在指数生长期生长的细胞并计数肿瘤接种。
肿瘤接种与动物分组
用于功效研究的每只小鼠在右侧皮下接种0.2mL的PBS中的NCI-N87肿瘤细胞(10×106),该PBS补充有基质胶(Matrigel)(1:1)用于肿瘤发展。在肿瘤接种后第6天开始处理,此时平均肿瘤尺寸达到约198mm3。使用基于Excel的随机化软件将动物分组,基于它们的肿瘤体积实施分层随机化。每组由10只荷瘤小鼠组成。根据预定方案将测试物品施用于该小鼠。
观察结果
研究中与动物处理、护理和治疗相关的所有过程均遵循实验动物评估和认可委员会(Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care,AAALAC)的指导,根据CRO的机构动物护理和使用委员会(Institutional Animal Care andUse Committee,IACUC)批准的指南实施。在常规监测时,每天检查动物的肿瘤生长和治疗对正常行为的任何影响,如活动能力、食物和水消耗(仅通过目视)、体重增加/减少(每周测量两次体重),眼睛/头发消光以及协议中所述的任何其他异常效果。根据每个子集中的动物数量记录死亡和观察到的临床症状。
肿瘤测量结果和终点
主要终点在于观察肿瘤生长是否可以延迟或小鼠是否可以治愈。使用卡尺(calliper)在两个维度上每周测量肿瘤尺寸两次,并使用下式以mm3表示体积:V=0.5a×b2,其中,a和b分别是肿瘤的长直径和短直径。然后,将肿瘤尺寸用于计算T/C和TGI值。
使用下式计算每组的T/C(%)值:T/C(%)=TRTV/CRTV×100%(TRTV:治疗组的相对肿瘤体积(RTV);CRTV:溶媒对照组在与TRTV同一天的相对肿瘤体积(RTV))。使用下式计算每组的相对肿瘤体积(RTV):RTV=Vt/V0;V0是在治疗的第一天的平均肿瘤体积,Vt是在规定日的平均肿瘤体积。
使用下式计算每组的TGI:TGI(%)=[1-(Ti-T0)/(Vi-V0)]×100(Ti是治疗组在规定日的平均肿瘤体积,T0是治疗组在第0天的平均肿瘤体积,Vi是溶媒对照组在与Ti同一天的平均肿瘤体积,并且V0是溶媒组在治疗的第一天的平均肿瘤体积)。
统计分析
在每个时间点为每组的肿瘤体积提供汇总统计,包括平均值和平均值的标准误差(SEM)。对治疗开始后第42天获得的数据进行组间肿瘤体积差异的统计分析。实施单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)以比较组间肿瘤体积,并且得到显著的F-统计量,采用Games-Howell检验实施组间比较。所有数据均使用SPSS 17.0进行分析。p<0.05被认为是统计上显著的。
结果
在本研究中评估了MMAE ADC在NCI-N87人胃癌CDX模型的治疗中的功效。肿瘤体积的结果如图8中所示。ADC显著抑制了NCI-N87肿瘤生长。特别是,4mg/kg的ADC(T/C=3.44%,TGI=107.47%;p<0.001)导致肿瘤消退,PG-D42上的平均肿瘤体积为67mm3。此外,ADC的抗肿瘤活性显示为剂量依赖的。在3mg/kg的阳性对照品T-DM1(T/C=29.37%,TGI=78.58%;p=0.004)在PG-D42上也产生显著的抗肿瘤活性,具有574mm3的平均肿瘤体积,类似于新的MMAE ADC在1.33mg/kg(T/C=27.17%,TGI=80.32%;p=0.003)时显示的活性。荷瘤小鼠对MMAE ADC的耐受性良好。
总之,新的ADC对NCI-N87人胃癌CDX模型产生了显著的抗肿瘤活性,并且在本研究中的荷瘤动物具有良好的耐受性。
实施例6:聚合物(7)的制备
通过以下合成步骤合成式(7)的目标聚合物(方案6)。使用固相合成(SPS)从Boc-Ser(-tBu)-DAP(-Fmoc)-OH二肽(7a)和Fmoc-N-酰胺基-PEG-酸结构单元而构建聚合物(7),从而能够构建特定数量的单元的聚合物。然后,可以从树脂上裂解聚合物以得到作为单分散聚合物的产物。
方案6.目标聚合物(7)的结构
Fmoc-N-酰胺基-PEG-酸结构单元购自商业供应商,并且如下所述合成Boc-Ser(-tBu)-DAP(-Fmoc)-OH二肽(7a)。使用SPS构建聚合物后,通过与3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸偶联来封端末端胺基,然后使用三氟乙酸(TFA)、三异丙基硅烷(TIS)和水的混合物(cocktail)进行单一裂解和脱保护步骤以释放聚合物(7)。
步骤a:Boc-Ser(-tBu)-DAP(-Fmoc)-OH二肽(7a)的制备
向Boc-Ser(OtBu)-OH(3.71g,14.17mmol)和NHS(3.26g,28.35mmol)在DCM(150mL)中的溶液中加入DCC(2.92g,14.17mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。然后,将混合物通过玻璃料(frit)过滤,用小体积的DCM冲洗固体,并且将滤液真空浓缩,以得到琥珀色粘性油状物。将该油状物溶解在THF(50mL)中并将溶液添加至Fmoc-DAP-OH(3.7g,10.32mmol)和NaHCO3(0.87g,10.32mmol)在H2O:THF混合物(1:1,180mL总体积)中的悬浮液中。将得到的反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。真空去除THF,然后用稀HCl将混合物酸化至pH约3。用EtOAc(3×100mL)萃取水层,并且合并的有机层通过Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗品油残留物通过硅胶(120g)柱色谱法使用0-10%DCM中的MeOH的梯度法纯化。将含有产物的级分合并,并且真空浓缩,得到化合物(7a)(2.6g,40%),其为白色固体。将一部分粗材料(1.8g)进一步纯化并加载到C18柱上,并用5-70%H2O中的MeCN(+0.05%甲酸)的流动相洗脱。合并含有纯产物的级分,部分浓缩,并且冻干,得到1.2g化合物(66%收率),其为蓬松的白色粉末。
步骤b:通过SPS合成聚合物(7)
聚合物(7)的SPPS涉及四个脱保护和偶联循环,每个循环包括:i)Fmoc脱保护,ii)Fmoc-N-酰胺基-PEG8-酸的偶联,iii)Fmoc脱保护,iv)Boc-Ser(-tBu)-DAP(-Fmoc)-OH二肽(7a)的偶联(前4个循环)。另一个最终循环包括:v)Fmoc脱保护,vi)Fmoc-N-酰胺基-PEG4-酸的偶联,vii)Fmoc脱保护和viii)3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸偶联。最后,从树脂上裂解该聚合物。当粗材料在冷二乙醚中沉淀后制备聚合物(7)的最终样品。通过冷冻干燥法将该物质干燥过夜。分离出368mg粗品聚合物(7),66%收率(图9中的LC-MS表征)。
实施例7:聚合物(8)的制备
通过以下合成步骤合成式(8)的目标聚合物(方案7)。使用固相合成(SPS)从实施例6中制备的Boc-Ser(-tBu)-DAP(-Fmoc)-OH二肽(7a)和Fmoc-N-酰胺基-PEG-酸结构单元而构建聚合物(8),从而能够构建特定数量的单元的聚合物。然后,可以从树脂上裂解聚合物以得到作为单分散聚合物的产物。
方案7.目标聚合物(8)的结构
除了最后一步viii)以外,用1.4g ProTide Rink Amide LL树脂按照用于合成聚合物(7)的过程执行聚合物(8)的合成,其涉及与HOBt酯而非3-马来酰亚胺基丙酸偶联,然后进行树脂裂解以及t-Bu和Boc基团的脱保护。如WO2016/063006第25-26页中所描述制备HOBt酯。由于可能消除了部分的甲苯磺酰基,因此,使用4-甲基吗啉作为碱。通过在室温下使用纯TFA(20mL)在2小时内完成聚合物(8)的树脂裂解/脱保护。分离出TFA,将树脂用TFA(10mL)洗涤10分钟。将合并的TFA母液浓缩至2-3mL。在粗材料在冷二乙醚(100mL)中沉淀后制备最终产物。通过冷冻干燥法将该材料干燥过夜。以60.6%收率分离出505mg聚合物(8)(图10中的LC-MS表征)。
实施例8:SN-38药物载荷试剂(11)的制备
步骤a:聚合物(9)的合成
方案8.聚合物(9)的结构
用高碘酸钠对粗聚合物(7)实施氧化以实现聚合物(9)的合成(方案8)。
向粗聚合物(7)(42mg,15μmol)在DPBS(1000mL)和乙腈(100mL)的混合物中的溶液中添加NaIO4(80mg,375μmol)作为一个部分的固体。将反应混合物在环境温度下在1小时时段内偶尔摇动。将反应混合物通过0.45μm PTFE过滤,并立即通过制备型HPLC(C18)纯化,使用H2O(0.05%甲酸)中的5-55%MeCN的梯度,持续45分钟。
通过LC-MS和RP-UPLC分析级分。合并含有所需产物的级分。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+2H]2+计算值:1339.2,观察值:1338.69;[M+3H]3+计算值:893.1,观察值:893.07;[M+4H]4+计算值:670.1,观察值:670.05。
步骤b:SN-38试剂(10)的合成
方案9.SN-38试剂(10)的结构
SN-38试剂(10)(方案9)的合成通过以下步骤实现。
1.Boc-SN-38的制备
向SN-38(1g,2.55mmol)在无水DCM(80mL)中的悬浮液中添加(Boc)2O(723mg,3.31mmol)和无水吡啶(6.05mL,7.65mmol)。将反应混合物在氩气氛围下于室温搅拌24小时。将反应混合物用0.5N HCl溶液(3×35mL)洗涤,随后用饱和NaHCO3溶液(1×50mL)和盐水(50mL)洗涤。将有机层用Mg2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩至干至真空浓缩,得到纯的Boc-SN-38(1.23g,98%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:493.19,观察值:493.25。
2.Fmoc-Val-Cit-PAB-(Boc-SN-38)的制备
向Boc-SN-38(0.754g,1.53mmol)在无水DCM(15mL)中的悬浮液中添加DMAP(187mg,1.53mmol)和DIPEA(1.34mL,7.67mmol)。将反应混合物置于冰浴中。滴加三光气(195mg,0.66mmol)的DCM(4mL)溶液。将反应混合物在冰浴中搅拌5分钟,然后在环境温度下搅拌10分钟。将Fmoc-Val-Cit-PAB(830mg,1.38mmol)溶解在DMSO(5mL)和DCM(5mL)的混合物中,并将溶液添加至反应混合物中。将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。将反应混合物浓缩并用EtOAc(400mL)稀释。将有机物用5%NaHCO3水溶液(2×40mL)、盐水(40mL)洗涤,通过Na2SO4干燥并浓缩。使用DCM-MeOH梯度法(0-5%)通过硅胶柱层析纯化粗残留物,得到Fmoc-Val-Cit-PAB-(Boc-SN-38)(1.2g,77%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:1020.46,观察值:1020.1。
3.H-Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38的制备
向Fmoc-Val-Cit-PAB-(Boc-SN-38)(1.2g,1.07mmol)在无水DMF(10mL)中的溶液中添加哌啶(1.06mL,10.7mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2.5小时。将反应混合物浓缩至干并加入混合物Et2O/EtOH(10/1,v/v,50mL)。通过离心分离形成的固体并用Et2O(2×40mL)洗涤,得到黄色固体val-cit-PAB-SN-38(0.641mg,75%),其不经纯化用于下一步。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:798.34,观察值:797.89。
4.Fmoc-Glu(OH)-PEG24u的制备
向在DMF(10mL)中的mPEG24-NH2(1.53g,1.4mmol)和Fmoc-Glu(t-OBu)OH(0.57g,1.34mmol)的混合物中添加NMM(444ml,4.05mmol)。将该混合物在冰浴中冷却。将HATU(0.641g,1.69mmol)以固体形式添加至烧瓶中。将反应混合物于室温下搅拌16小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-60%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。合并的级分冷冻干燥后,在室温下用TFA(5mL)和DCM(10mL)的混合物处理固体3小时。浓缩混合物,并使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.05%TFA)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.05%TFA)梯度法(0-60%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的Fmoc-Glu(OH)-PEG24u(1.44g,74.6%),其为白色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:1439.8,观察值:1439.47。
5.Fmoc-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u的制备
向在DMF(4mL)中的Fmoc-Glu(OH)-mPEG24u(0.35g,0.243mmol)和Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38(0.21g,0.267mmol)的混合物中添加NMM(80ml,0.729mmol)。将该混合物在冰浴中冷却。将HATU(0.115g,0.304mmol)以固体形式添加至烧瓶中。将反应混合物于室温下搅拌1小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-60%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的Fmoc-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u(0.45g,83.3%),其为灰白色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+2H]2+计算值:1110.06,观察值:1110.13。
6.Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u的制备
向Fmoc-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u(0.427g,0.192mmol)在无水DMF(2.5mL)中的溶液中添加哌啶(285ml,2.8mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。将反应混合物浓缩至干并添加Et2O(50mL)。通过离心分离形成的固体并用Et2O(2×40mL)洗涤,得到纯的Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u(340mg,87.2%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+2H]2+计算值:999.02,观察值:999.10。
7.(Boc)2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u的制备
向在DMF(4mL)中的H-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u(335mg,0.167mmol)和Boc2N-OCH2COOH(54mg,0.184mmol)的混合物中添加NMM(61ml,0.553mmol)。将该混合物在冰浴中冷却。将HBTU(80mg,0.210mmol)以固体形式添加。将反应混合物于室温下搅拌1.5小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-75%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的(Boc)2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u(0.320g,83.3%),其为灰白色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+2H]2+计算值:1135.58,观察值:1135.15。
8.H2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u-SN-38试剂(10)的制备
将纯的甲酸(25mL)添加至(Boc)2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u固体(315mg,0.138mmol)中并将溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-65%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的H2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u甲酸盐(10)(0.165g,56.3%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+2H]2+计算值:1035.53,观察值:1035.57。
步骤c:SN-38试剂(10)与聚合物(9)偶联以生成SN-38试剂(11)
方案10.SN-38试剂(11)的结构
在纯化的醛官能化的聚合物(9)与SN-38试剂(10)之间实施肟连接,以生成承载有药物载荷SN-38(11)的4个拷贝的缀合物(方案10)。
将H2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG24u的甲酸盐(10)(87mg,41μmol)溶解在添加了0.05%甲酸的MeCN:H2O(1:1v/v,250μL)的混合物中,并添加至含有醛官能化的聚合物(9)的合并的HPLC级分中。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。通过RP-UPLC分析观察到醛聚合物的完全转化;通过LC-MS证实所需的产物形成。将反应混合物真空浓缩,并且通过制备型RP-HPLC(C18)使用20-70%的MeCN水溶液(0.05%甲酸)的梯度在45分钟内直接纯化残留物。
通过LC-MS和RP-UPLC分析级分(图11和12)。将含有所需的产物的级分合并并且冻干,得到所需的SN-38试剂(11)(31mg,19%),其为白色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+10H]10+计算值:1089.1,观察值:1089.33;[M+9H]9+计算值:1209.9,观察值:1209.44;[M+8H]8+计算值:1361.0;观察值:1361.11;[M+7H]7+计算值:1555.4;观察值:1555.45。
实施例9:通过将SN-38试剂(11)与曲妥珠单抗缀合制备SN-38试剂(11)ADC
用Dulbecco的PBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA,2.233mL)稀释DPBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA)中浓度为10.49mg/mL的曲妥珠单抗(2.097mL;22.0mg;151nmol;1.0eq.)。添加TCEP在无内毒素水中的5mM溶液(69.3μL;347nmol;2.3eq.)以稀释曲妥珠单抗溶液。使还原反应在40℃进行1.5小时,最终抗体浓度为5.0mg/mL。
在40℃1.5小时后,用Dulbecco的PBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA,550μL)稀释还原混合物,并冷却至22℃。通过将10.0mg(919nmol)的SN-38试剂(11)(MW=10887g.mol-1)溶解到559μL的MeCN/水(1:1)的混合物中制备17.90mg/mL(1.64mM)的SN-38试剂(11)在MeCN/水(1:1)中的溶液。将SN-38试剂(11)在MeCN/水(1:1)中的溶液(550μL;9.84mg;906nmol;6.0eq.)添加到还原的曲妥珠单抗溶液中,得到5%的MeCN的最终浓度和4.0mg/mL的最终抗体浓度。使缀合反应在22℃进行1小时。将另一份SN-38试剂(11)在MeCN/水(1:1)中的溶液(68.75μL;1.23mg;113nmol;0.75eq.)添加到还原的曲妥珠单抗溶液中,并使缀合反应在22℃进行1小时。
在22℃2小时后,将反应混合物加载到HiLoad 16/600Superdex 200pg柱上。用DPBS缓冲液(pH7.2)和1.0mL/min的恒定流速实施洗脱。合并单体的纯度>95%的级分,并通过0.22μm孔径的PVDF膜过滤器进行无菌过滤。得到最终缀合物样品(40mg;18.0mL)。SN-38试剂(11)ADC缀合物通过HIC、SEC、LC-MS、SDS-PAGE表征并通过UV定量,并且确定内毒素水平(分析结果显示于表4)。
表4.SN-38试剂(11)ADC的分析总结
实施例10:SN-38药物载荷试剂(13)的制备
步骤a:聚合物(9)的合成
这按照实施例8的步骤(a)中所描述的实施。
步骤b:SN-38试剂(12)的合成
方案11.SN-38试剂(12)的结构
按照如下实现SN-38试剂(12)(方案11)的合成。首先,如实施例8中所描述的实施步骤1、2和3。然后,实施以下步骤。
4.Fmoc-Glu(OH)-PEG12u的制备
向在DMF(10mL)中的mPEG12-NH2(1.37g,2.44mmol)和Fmoc-Glu(t-OBu)OH(1.012g,2.38mmol)的混合物中添加NMM(784ml,7.14mmol)。将该混合物在冰浴中冷却。将HATU(1.045g,2.75mmol)以固体形式添加至烧瓶中。将反应混合物于室温下搅拌16小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-65%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。合并的级分冷冻干燥后,在室温下用TFA(8mL)和DCM(16mL)的混合物处理固体3小时。浓缩混合物,并使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.05%TFA)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.05%TFA)梯度法(0-65%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的Fmoc-Glu(OH)-PEG12u(1.56g,72.1%),其为白色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:911.47,观察值:911.5。
5.Fmoc-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u的制备
向在DMF(4mL)中的Fmoc-Glu(OH)-mPEG12u(0.311g,0.342mmol)和H-Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38(0.3g,0.376mmol)的混合物中添加NMM(124ml,1.13mmol)。将该混合物在冰浴中冷却。将HBTU(0.162g,1.130mmol)以固体形式添加至烧瓶中。将反应混合物于室温下搅拌2小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-60%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的Fmoc-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u(0.410g,71.1%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:1690.8,观察值:1690.21。
6.Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u的制备
向Fmoc-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u(0.4g,0.236mmol)的无水DMF(3mL)溶液中添加哌啶(291ml,2.84mmol)。将反应混合物于室温下搅拌1小时。将反应混合物浓缩至干并添加Et2O(50mL)。通过离心分离形成的固体并用Et2O(2×40mL)洗涤,得到纯的H-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u(321mg,92.7%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:1468.73,观察值:1468.39。
7.(Boc)2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u的制备
向在DMF(4mL)中的H-Glu[Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38]-PEG(12u)(321mg,0.219mmol)和Boc2-N-OCH2COOH(73mg,0.251mmol)的混合物中添加NMM(80mL,0.723mmol)。将该混合物在冰浴中冷却。将HBTU(104mg,0.274mmol)以固体形式添加。将反应混合物于室温下搅拌1.5小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-75%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的(Boc)2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u(0.327g,85.9%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:1740.84,观察值:1741.54。
8.H2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u-SN-38试剂(12)的制备
将纯甲酸(25mL)添加至(Boc)2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u固体(320mg)中,并将溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。将混合物真空浓缩。使用缓冲液A(100%H2O,0.1%甲酸)和缓冲液B(100%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)梯度法(0-65%)通过反相柱色谱法纯化残留物。将合并的级分冻干,得到纯的H2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u甲酸盐(0.144g,50.1%),其为黄色固体。MS(ESI),m/z:[M+H]+计算值:1541.74,观察值:1541.87。
步骤c:SN-38试剂(12)与聚合物(9)偶联生成SN-38试剂(13)
方案12.SN-38试剂(13)的结构
在纯化的醛官能化的聚合物(9)和SN-38试剂(12)之间实施肟连接,以生成承载有药物载荷SN-38(13)的4个拷贝的缀合物(方案12)。
将H2N-OCH2CO-Glu(Val-Cit-PAB-SN-38)-PEG12u的甲酸盐(12)(50mg,31μmol)溶解在添加了0.05%甲酸的MeCN:H2O(1:1v/v,250μL)的混合物中,并添加至含有醛官能化的聚合物(9)的合并的HPLC级分中。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。通过HPLC分析观察到醛聚合物的完全转化;通过LC-MS证实所需的产物形成。将反应混合物真空浓缩,并且通过制备型RP-HPLC(C18)使用20-70%的MeCN水溶液(0.05%甲酸)的梯度在45分钟内直接纯化残留物。
通过LC-MS和HPLC分析级分(图13和14)。将含有所需的产物的级分合并并且冻干,得到所需的SN-38试剂(13)(30mg,19.5%),其为白色固体。
MS(ESI),m/z:[M+9H]9+计算值:975.1,观察值:974.72;[M+8H]8+计算值:1096.9,观察值:1097.13;[M+7H]7+计算值:1253.5;观察值:1253.04;[M+6H]6+计算值:1462.2;观察值:1462.02;[M+5H]5+计算值:1754.4;观察值:1754.21。
实施例11:通过将SN-38试剂(13)与曲妥珠单抗缀合制备SN-38试剂(13)ADC
用Dulbecco的PBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA,2.233mL)稀释DPBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA)中浓度为10.49mg/mL的曲妥珠单抗(2.097mL;22.0mg;151nmol;1.0eq.)。添加TCEP在无内毒素水中的5mM溶液(69.3μL;347nmol;2.3eq.)以稀释曲妥珠单抗溶液。使还原反应在40℃进行1.5小时,最终抗体浓度为5.0mg/mL。在40℃1.5小时后,用Dulbecco的PBS(pH7.2,5mMEDTA,550μL)稀释还原混合物,并冷却至22℃。通过将8.98mg(1024nmol)的SN-38试剂(13)(MW=8772g.mol-1)溶解到623μL的MeCN/水(1:1)的混合物中制备14.4mg/mL(1.64mM)的SN-38试剂(13)在MeCN/水(1:1)中的溶液。将SN-38试剂(13)在MeCN/水(1:1)中的溶液(550μL;7.93mg;906nmol;6.0eq.)添加到还原的曲妥珠单抗溶液中,得到5%的MeCN的最终浓度和4.0mg/mL的最终抗体浓度。使缀合反应在22℃进行1小时。
在22℃1小时后,将反应混合物加载到HiLoad 16/600Superdex 200pg柱上。用DPBS缓冲液(pH7.2)和1.0mL/min的恒定流速实施洗脱。通过制备型SEC再次纯化合并的级分,以去除剩余的试剂相关的物质。将材料加载到HiLoad 16/600Superdex 200pg柱上。用DPBS(pH7.2)+10%异丙醇缓冲液和1.0mL/min的恒定流速实施洗脱。合并单体的纯度>95%的级分,使用Vivaspin 20离心浓缩器(PES膜,30kDa MWCO)通过超滤/渗滤将缓冲液交换并浓缩到DPBS缓冲液中。最终缀合物样品(25.8mg;7.0mL)通过0.22μm孔径的PVDF膜过滤器进行无菌过滤。
SN-38试剂(13)ADC缀合物通过HIC、SEC、LC-MS、SDS-PAGE表征并通过UV定量,并且确定内毒素水平(分析结果显示于表5)。
表5:SN-38试剂(13)ADC的分析总结
实施例12:通过将SN-38试剂(11)与不相关的hIgG1同种型对照缀合制备SN-38试剂(11)hIgG1同种型对照ADC
用Dulbecco的PBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA,552μL)稀释DPBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA)中浓度为7.82mg/mL的不相关的hIgG1(1.023mL;8.0mg;55nmol;1.0eq.)。添加TCEP在无内毒素水中的5mM溶液(25.1μL;126nmol;2.3eq.)至稀释的不相关的hIgG1溶液。使还原反应在40℃进行1小时,最终抗体浓度为5.0mg/mL。
在40℃1小时后,用Dulbecco的PBS(pH7.2,5mM EDTA,68.4μL)稀释还原混合物,冷却至22℃。通过将10.0mg(919nmol)的SN-38试剂(11)(MW=10887g.mol-1)溶解到559μL的MeCN/水(1:1)的混合物中制备17.90mg/mL(1.64mM)的SN-38试剂(11)在MeCN/水(1:1)中的溶液。将SN-38试剂(11)在MeCN/水(1:1)中的溶液(332μL;5.94mg;546nmol;10.0eq.)添加到还原的不相关的hIgG1溶液中,得到5%的MeCN的最终浓度和4.0mg/mL的最终抗体浓度。使缀合反应在22℃进行1小时。
在22℃2小时后,将反应混合物加载到HiLoad 16/600Superdex 200pg柱上。用DPBS缓冲液(pH7.5,10%IPA)和1.0mL/min的恒定流速实施洗脱。合并没有未缀合抗体的单体纯度>95%的级分,并且通过0.22μm孔径的PVDF膜过滤器进行无菌过滤。得到最终缀合物样品(7.1mg;1.8mL)。
SN-38试剂(11)hIgG1同种型对照ADC通过HIC、SEC表征并通过UV定量,并且确定内毒素水平(分析结果显示于表6)。
表6:SN-38试剂(11)hIgG1同种型对照ADC的分析总结
实施例13:使用SN-38ADC的细胞活力测定
发光活力测定(Promega,Southampton,UK)用于测量SN-38ADC对细胞生长的抑制作用。细胞增殖或代谢活性的任何降低都表明化合物的细胞毒性和/或细胞抑制性质。在补充有200U/mL青霉素、200μg/mL链霉素和20%热灭活的胎牛血清(CytivaHycloneTM,ThermoFisher Scientific,Loughborough,UK)的McCoys 5A培养基(ThermoFisher Scientific,Loughborough,UK)中培养SK-BR-3细胞(人乳腺癌,ATCC HTB-30)。将SK-BR-3(HER2高)细胞以1.25×103个细胞/20μL生长培养基的密度接种在384孔板中。为每个细胞系制备3×384孔板,以考虑孵育时间点。然后,将它们在37℃、5%CO2下孵育24小时。24小时后,添加20μL的生长培养基中测试样品的2×连续稀释液。
每个样品一式三份添加,然后将板在37℃/5%CO2条件下孵育9小时(有限暴露)或96小时(连续暴露)。9小时后,将有限暴露处理过的板从培养箱中取出,并取出含有化合物的培养基。用生长培养基清洗细胞2次,然后将40μL生长培养基添加到每个孔中。将板在37℃/5%CO2条件下再孵育96小时。
使用发光测定检测了活力。将测定板在室温下平衡20分钟,然后每孔添加40μL的试剂(根据供应商的建议准备)。然后,将板以300rpm混合3分钟以帮助细胞裂解,并且在室温下再孵育20分钟以稳定发光信号。使用SpectraMax i3x酶标仪(Molecular Devices,Wokingham,UK)记录发光,默认积分时间为0.5s/孔。通过相同的过程在时间点收集活力数据。
然后,使用四参数非线性回归模型在GraphPad Prism版本8(GraphPad Software,La Jolla,CA)上分析数据。活力表示为未处理的细胞的百分比,100%的活力对应于含有仅用完全培养基处理的细胞的孔的平均发光度。将百分比活力(Y轴)对以M表示的总测试化合物(X轴)作图,并使用软件计算所有ADC和游离药物的IC50值。
细胞测定包括SN-38试剂(11)ADC、SN-38试剂(13)ADC、两个对照ADC——(a)以DAR8与CL2A-SN-38缀合的曲妥珠单抗ADC(命名为曲妥珠单抗-CL2A-SN-38),以及(b)具有SN-38试剂(11)的IgG1同种型对照ADC(命名为同种型ADC)——以及SN-38游离药物。
表7:在SK-BR-3细胞上孵育9小时和96小时(n=3)的SN-38试剂(11)ADC、SN-38试剂(13)ADC、同种型ADC、曲妥珠单抗-CL2A-SN-38以及游离载荷SN-38的抗增殖效果(IC50值)的总结。
由于SN-38从ADC中自发释放,ADC和游离SN-38对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性效果是使用有限(9小时)以及连续暴露(96小时)测定来确定的。与SN-38试剂(11)ADC和SN-38试剂(13)ADC相比,有限暴露测定(细胞毒性化合物在与细胞孵育9小时后被去除)总体显示在用ADC同种型对照处理的培养物中较低的背景细胞毒性(表7)。此外,有限暴露数据表明,与曲妥珠单抗-CL2A-SN-38相比,SN-38试剂(11)ADC和SN-38试剂(13)ADC更有效地诱导SK-BR-3细胞的细胞死亡(表7)。
实施例14:SN-38ADC的血清稳定性
本研究的目的是监测在37℃孵育96小时的SN-38试剂(11)ADC和SN-38试剂(13)ADC以及以DAR8与CL2A-SN-38缀合的曲妥珠单抗对照ADC(曲妥珠单抗-CL2A-SN-38)在小鼠血浆中的稳定性。
将ADC加入小鼠血浆中,并在37℃孵育96小时。为了评估整个血浆孵育过程中DAR曲线的变化,在使用亲和捕获从血浆中分离后通过HIC-UV(214nm)分析ADC。
与对照ADC曲妥珠单抗-CL2A-SN-38相比,观察到SN-38试剂(11)ADC和SN-38试剂(13)ADC具有更高的稳定性。对于SN-38试剂(11)ADC和SN-38试剂(13)ADC,在随后的时间点观察到较高DAR物质的逐渐减少和较低DAR物质的增加,96小时后,平均DAR减少约50-55%。对于曲妥珠单抗-CL2A-SN-38,在小鼠血浆中孵育48小时后观察到高DAR物质的主要减少,显示小鼠血浆中的稳定性较低,48小时后高DAR物质减少超过70%。
实施例15:MMAE ADC的血清稳定性
本研究的目的是监测在37℃孵育96小时的MMAE ADC(实施例3中制备的)和曲妥珠单抗与MC-VC-PAB-MMAE缀合的对照ADC(命名为曲妥珠单抗-MC-VC-PAB-MMAE)在小鼠血浆中的稳定性。
将ADC加入小鼠血浆中,并在37℃孵育96小时。为了评估整个血清孵育过程中DAR曲线的变化,在使用亲和捕获从血清中分离后通过HIC-UV(280nm)分析ADC。
在小鼠血清中孵育96小时后,与对照ADC曲妥珠单抗-MC-VC-PAB-MMAE在96小时内DAR损失约44%相比,观察到该ADC稳定性更高,在96小时内DAR损失约16%。
Claims (25)
1.一种抗体-药物缀合物,包含:
(i)抗体或其抗原结合片段;
(ii)包含式(I)的重复单元的聚合物:
其中:
X选自O、NH、NRA和S;
Y选自C=O、C=NH、C=NRA和C=S;
R为氢或C1-20烃基;
RA为C1-20烃基;
每个Q独立地选自-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-、-T1O(CH2CH2O)sT2-和-T1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT2-,其中,T1选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,并且T2选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,
o为0至100的整数;
s为0至150的整数;
x为1至6的整数;并且
每个Z独立地选自式(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)或(v)的基团:
其中,
当Z为式(i)或(ii)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-H表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L1为接头基团;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iii)的基团时:
-AA=为三价部分,使得-AA=O表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L2为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iv)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-CH=CH2或-AA-C≡CH表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
并且,当Z为式(v)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-N3表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
(iii)聚合物-抗体接头,其共价结合至所述抗体和所述聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,式(ii)的基团为式(vi)的基团:
和/或式(iii)的基团为式(vii)的基团:
和/或式(iv)的基团为式(viii)的基团:
和/或式(v)的基团为式(ix)的基团:
其中:
-AA-、B和R如权利要求1所定义;
每个L4为接头基团;
每个L5为接头基团;
每个L6为接头基团;
每个A独立地选自键、氨基酸、肽、磺酸酯、磺酰胺或焦磷酸二酯;
每个X'独立地选自O、NH、NRA'和S;
每个R'独立地为氢或C1-20烃基;
每个RA'独立地为C1-20烃基;
每个Q'独立地选自-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o'-、-T'1O(CH2CH2O)s'T'2-和-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)s'T'2-,其中,每个T'1独立地选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,并且每个T'2独立地选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,其中,绘制的Q'部分的左侧共价结合至Y'部分,并且绘制的Q'部分的右侧共价结合至X'部分;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
每个o'独立地为0至100的整数;并且
每个s'独立地为0至150的整数;
当Q'为-T'1O(CH2CH2O)s'T'2-和-T'1O(CH2CH2CH2O)s'T'2-时,每个Y'独立地选自O、NH、NRA'和S,并且当Q'为-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o'-时,每个Y'独立地选自-(C=O)-O-、-(C=O)-S-、-(C=O)-NH和-(C=O)-NRA'-。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中:
(a)-AA-H表示选自丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、羟色氨酸、高丝氨酸、高半胱氨酸、别苏氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、硒代高半胱氨酸、α-氨基甘氨酸、二氨基乙酸、2,3-二氨基丙酸和α,γ-二氨基丁酸的氨基酸的侧链;所述氨基酸的侧链优选地选自丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸和鸟氨酸,并且最优选为赖氨酸的侧链;或
(b)-AA=O表示选自氨基-2-酮基丁酸、4-乙酰苯丙氨酸和甲酰甘氨酸的氨基酸的侧链;
(c)-AA-N3表示选自叠氮基赖氨酸、叠氮基鸟氨酸、叠氮基亮氨酸、叠氮基丙氨酸、叠氮基高丙氨酸、4-叠氮基苯丙氨酸和4-叠氮基甲基苯丙氨酸的氨基酸的侧链;或
(d)-AA-CH=CH2表示高烯丙基甘氨酸的侧链;或
(e)-AA-C≡CH表示选自4-乙炔基苯丙氨酸、4-炔丙基氧基苯丙氨酸、炔丙基甘氨酸、4-(2-丙炔基)脯氨酸、2-氨基-6-({[(1R,8S)-双环[6.1.0]壬-4-炔-9-基甲氧基]羰基}氨基)己酸和高炔丙基甘氨酸的氨基酸的侧链。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,式(i)中的B、式(ii)中的L1和/或式(vi)中的L4通过所述氨基酸的侧链中的杂原子共价结合至AA部分。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,所述聚合物-抗体接头通过式(I)中的-NR-基团的氮原子或式(I)中的Y基团共价结合至所述聚合物。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,所述聚合物-抗体接头衍生自马来酰亚胺、单溴马来酰亚胺、乙烯基砜、双(砜)、丙二烯酰胺、脱氢丙氨酸、烯烃、全氟芳香族物质、茱莉亚子碱样的砜试剂、N-羟基琥珀酰胺-酯活化的羧酸酯物质、醛、酮、羟胺、炔烃和叠氮化物。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,X为O或NH,并且Y为C=O。
8.根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,Z为式(vi)、(vii)、(viii)或(ix)的基团,并且X'为O或NH,并且Y'为O或NH,优选地其中,X'为NH,并且Y'为O。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,Q为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2CH2-,优选地其中,s为1至100。
10.根据权利要求9所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,Q为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-,并且s为3、7、11、23或35。
11.根据权利要求2至10中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,Z为式(vi)、(vii)、(viii)或(ix)的基团,并且Q'为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-或-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2CH2-,优选地其中,s为1至100。
12.根据权利要求11所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,Z为式(vi)、(vii)、(viii)或(ix)的基团,并且Q为-CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)sCH2CH2-,并且s为3、7、11、23或35。
13.根据权利要求2至12中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,Z为式(vi)、(vii)、(viii)或(ix)的基团,并且R'选自氢和C1-6烷基,优选地其中,R'为氢、甲基、乙基或正丙基。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,每个生物活性部分-B是相同的或者不同的,使得每个B-H或B-OH独立地选自小分子药物、肽、蛋白质、肽模拟物、抗体、抗原、DNA、mRNA、小干扰RNA、小发夹RNA、微小RNA、PNA、折叠体、碳水化合物、碳水化合物衍生物、非利平斯基分子、合成肽和合成寡核苷酸,优选小分子药物。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中:
(a)Z为式(ii)的基团,并且L1为式-V1-L'-V2-的接头部分,
其中:
V1选自
其中
·表示与-AA-的连接点;
··表示与-L'-的连接点;
Y1选自O、S和NH,并且优选为O;
Y2选自O、S和NH,并且优选为O;
RA为C1-20烃基;
v为1至100的整数,优选1至10;并且
虚线表示任选地存在的键;
L'选自键、C1-20亚烷基、C1-20亚烯基、C1-20亚炔基、C6-10亚芳基(例如亚苯基或亚萘基)、C7-20亚芳烷基、C3-10亚环烷基、C4-8杂亚环烷基、C5-10杂亚芳基、C6-20杂亚芳烷基、-(O-K)i-、-(NH-K)i-、-(NR'-K)i-、分子量为116Da至2000Da的聚酯、分子量为114Da至2000Da的聚酰胺、以及-W-部分,其中,H-W-OH为氨基酸或含有2至20个天然产生的或合成的氨基酸亚基的肽;
V2选自-OV-、-NHV-、-NRAV-、-SV-、-S-、-VS-、-OVS-、-NHVS-、-NRAVS-、-SVS-、-V-(C=O)-、-V-O(C=O)-、-V-NH(C=O)-、-V-NRA(C=O)-、-V-S(C=O)-、-V-(C=NH)-、-V-O(C=NH)-、-V-NH(C=NH)-、-V-NRA(C=NH)-、-V-S(C=NH)-、-V-(C=NRA)-、-V-O(C=NRA)-、-V-NH(C=NRA)-、-V-NRA(C=NRA)-、-V-S(C=NRA)-、-OV-(C=O)-、-OV-O(C=O)-、-OV-NH(C=O)-、-OV-NRA(C=O)-、-OV-S(C=O)-、-OV-(C=NH)-、-OV-O(C=NH)-、-OV-NH(C=NH)-、-OV-NRA(C=NH)-、-OV-S(C=NH)-、-OV-(C=NRA)-、-OV-O(C=NRA)-、-OV-NH(C=NRA)-、-OV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-OV-S(C=NRA)-、-NHV-(C=O)-、-NHV-O(C=O)-、-NHV-NH(C=O)-、-NHV-NRA(C=O)-、-NHV-S(C=O)-、-NHV-(C=NH)-、-NHV-O(C=NH)-、-NHV-NH(C=NH)-、-NHV-NRA(C=NH)-、-NHV-S(C=NH)-、-NHV-(C=NRA)-、-NHV-O(C=NRA)-、-NHV-NH(C=NRA)-、-NHV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-NHV-S(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-(C=O)-、-NRAV-O(C=O)-、-NRAV-NH(C=O)-、-NRAV-NRA(C=O)-、-NRAV-S(C=O)-、-NRAV-(C=NH)-、-NRAV-O(C=NH)-、-NRAV-NH(C=NH)-、-NRAV-NRA(C=NH)-、-NRAV-S(C=NH)-、-NRAV-(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-O(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-NH(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-NRAV-S(C=NRA)-、-SV-(C=O)-、-SV-O(C=O)-、-SV-NH(C=O)-、-SV-NRA(C=O)-、-SV-S(C=O)-、-SV-(C=NH)-、-SV-O(C=NH)-、-SV-NH(C=NH)-、-SV-NRA(C=NH)-、-SV-S(C=NH)-、-SV-(C=NRA)-、-SV-O(C=NRA)-、-SV-NH(C=NRA)-、-SV-NRA(C=NRA)-、-SV-S(C=NRA)-、-J-O(C=O)-、-O-J-O(C=O)-、-S-J-O(C=O)-、-NH-J-O(C=O)-、-NRA-J-O(C=O)-,聚醚,例如分子量为76Da至2000Da的聚(亚烷基二醇),分子量为75Da至2000Da的聚胺,分子量为116Da至2000Da的聚酯,分子量为114Da至2000Da的聚酰胺,以及-W-部分,其中,H-W-OH为氨基酸或含有2至20个天然产生的或合成的氨基酸亚基的肽;
V选自C1-20亚烷基、C1-20亚烯基、C1-20亚炔基、C6-10亚芳基(例如亚苯基或亚萘基)、C7-20亚芳烷基、C3-10亚环烷基、C4-8杂亚环烷基、C5-10杂亚芳基以及C6-20杂亚芳烷基;
J为具有糖取代基的苯基,并且在所述糖取代基的对位或邻位具有亚甲基或-(CH=CH)k-CH2-部分,其中,k为1至10的整数,进一步地其中,所述亚甲基或-(CH=CH)k-CH2-部分直接结合至邻近所述生物活性部分B的-O(C=O)-基团,以及苯环的碳直接结合至远离所述生物活性部分B的所述接头基团的其余部分;
每个K相同或不同并且表示C1-10亚烷基;
i为1至100的整数,优选为1至50,更优选为2至20;并且
RA为C1-20烃基;
优选地其中,L1为选自-(C=O)-C(H)=N-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-C(H)=N-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-C(H)=N-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-CH2-NH-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-(C=O)-CH2-NH-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-和-(C=O)-CH2-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-的部分;或
(b)Z为式(vi)的基团,并且L4为式(x)或(xi)的接头部分:
其中:
*表示与-AA-的连接点;
**表示与-A-X'-Q'-Y'R'的连接点;
***表示与-B的连接点;
V1、L'和V2如以上(a)中所定义;
X1选自O、S和NH;
X2选自O、S和NH;
X3选自O、S和NH;
RA为C1-20烃基;
m为0至6的整数;和
p为0至6的整数。
16.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中:
其中:
V3选自
其中,·、··、Y2、RA和v以及虚线如权利要求15中所定义;
L'如权利要求15中所定义;并且
V2如权利要求15中所定义;
优选地其中,L2为选自=N-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、=N-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、=N-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-NH-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-、-NH-O-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-和-NH-CH2-(C=O)-Val-Cit-PAB-(C=O)-的部分;或
(b)Z为式(vii)的基团,并且L5为式(xii)或(xiii)的接头部分:
其中,*、**、***、L'、V2、X1、X2、X3RA、m和p如权利要求15中所定义,V3如以上(a)中所定义,并且虚线是能够存在或不存在的键。
18.根据权利要求15至17中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,其中,X1为NH,X2为O,X3为O,优选地其中,m和p中的一个为2或3,另一个为0。
20.一种药物组合物,包含根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
21.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物,用于治疗有需要的患者的疾病或病症,优选地其中,所述疾病选自炎性疾病(例如炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎和动脉粥样硬化)、代谢障碍(例如糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖症)、癌症、细菌感染(例如结核病、肺炎、心内膜炎、败血症、沙门氏菌病、伤寒症、囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病)、病毒感染、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、神经障碍、行为和精神障碍、血液疾病、染色体疾病、先天与遗传疾病、结缔组织疾病、消化系统疾病、耳鼻喉疾病、内分泌疾病、环境疾病、眼部疾病、女性生殖疾病、真菌感染、心脏病、遗传性癌症综合征、免疫系统疾病、肾脏和泌尿系统疾病、肺病、男性生殖疾病、口腔疾病、肌肉骨骼疾病、骨髓增生异常综合征、神经系统疾病、新生儿筛查疾病、营养疾病、寄生虫病、罕见癌症和皮肤病。
22.一种治疗人类患者的如权利要求21所定义的疾病或病症的方法,其中,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用至少一种根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物。
23.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的抗体-药物缀合物在制备用于治疗患者的如权利要求21所定义的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
24.一种靶向剂-药物缀合物,包含:
(i)靶向剂;
(ii)包含式(I)的重复单元的聚合物:
其中:
X选自O、NH、NRA和S;
Y选自C=O、C=NH、C=NRA和C=S;
R为氢或C1-20烃基;
RA为C1-20烃基;
每个Q独立地选自-CH2(NMe(C=O)CH2)o-、-T1O(CH2CH2O)sT2-和-T1O(CH2CH2CH2O)sT2-,其中,T1选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,并且T2选自二价亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,
o为0至100的整数;
s为0至150的整数;
x为1至6的整数;并且
每个Z独立地选自式(i)、(ii)、(iii)、(iv)或(v)的基团:
其中,
当Z为式(i)或(ii)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-H表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L1为接头基团;并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iii)的基团时:
-AA=为三价部分,使得-AA=O表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L2为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;
当Z为式(iv)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-CH=CH2或-AA-C≡CH表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
当Z为式(v)的基团时:
-AA-为二价部分,使得-AA-N3表示氨基酸的侧链;
每个L3为接头基团;
每条虚线表示存在或不存在的键;
并且
每个B为生物活性部分;并且
(iii)聚合物-靶向剂接头,其共价结合至所述靶向剂和所述聚合物。
25.根据权利要求24所述的靶向剂-药物缀合物,其中,所述靶向剂选自肽、蛋白质、肽模拟物、抗体、抗原、DNA、mRNA、小干扰RNA、小发夹RNA、微小RNA、PNA、折叠体、碳水化合物、碳水化合物衍生物、非利平斯基分子、合成肽和合成寡核苷酸。
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