CN115664211A

CN115664211A - DC/DC converter and power supply device

Info

Publication number: CN115664211A
Application number: CN202211602505.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡炎申
Original assignee: Huizhou Leyitong Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huizhou Leyitong Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-12-14
Filing date: 2022-12-14
Publication date: 2023-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 2042-12-14
Also published as: CN115664211B

Abstract

The application is applicable to the field of power electronics, and provides a DC/DC converter and a power supply device. The DC/DC converter comprises a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module, a first switch module, a second switch module, a third switch module and a fourth switch module. When the first switch module and the second switch module are switched on and the third switch module and the fourth switch module are switched off, the first module respectively charges the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module; when the first switch module, the second switch module and the fourth switch module are turned off and the third switch module is turned on, the first module charges the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module; when the first switch module, the second switch module and the third switch module are turned off and the fourth switch module is turned on, the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the first module discharge electricity to the second module. The method and the device solve the problem that the traditional non-isolated DC/DC converter is difficult to realize high gain when working in a wide voltage range.

Description

DC/DC converter and power supply device

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a DC/DC converter and a power supply device.

Background

The traditional non-isolated DC/DC converter is difficult to realize high gain when working in a wide voltage range, although higher output voltage can be obtained by setting a larger duty ratio, the further improvement of the output voltage is limited by power inductance in the non-isolated DC/DC converter and other parasitic factors in a circuit, and even the output voltage is reduced when the duty ratio is increased to a certain range. Therefore, how to achieve high gain when the conventional non-isolated DC/DC converter operates in a wide voltage range is a current problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a DC/DC converter and a power supply device, and can solve the problem that a traditional non-isolated DC/DC converter is difficult to realize high gain when working in a wide voltage range.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a DC/DC converter, which includes a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module, a first switch module, a second switch module, a third switch module, and a fourth switch module; the first energy storage module is respectively and electrically connected with the first switch module, the second switch module, the third switch module, the fourth switch module and the first module, the second energy storage module is respectively and electrically connected with the first switch module, the second switch module, the third switch module, the first module and the second module, and the fourth switch module is electrically connected with the second module;

when the first switch module and the second switch module are switched on and the third switch module and the fourth switch module are switched off, the first module charges the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module respectively; when the first switch module, the second switch module and the fourth switch module are turned off and the third switch module is turned on, the first module charges the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module; when the first switch module, the second switch module and the third switch module are turned off and the fourth switch module is turned on, the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the first module discharge electricity to the second module.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, when the fourth switching module is turned on and the first switching module, the second switching module, and the third switching module are turned off, the second module charges the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module, and the first module; when the fourth switch module, the first switch module and the second switch module are turned off and the third switch module is turned on, the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module discharge electricity to the first module; when the fourth switch module and the third switch module are turned off and the first switch module and the second switch module are turned on, the first energy storage module discharges electricity to the first module through the first switch module, and the second energy storage module discharges electricity to the first module through the second switch module.

In one possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first energy storage module includes a first inductor; a first end of the first inductor is electrically connected with the second switch module and the first module respectively, and a second end of the first inductor is electrically connected with the first switch module, the third switch module and the fourth switch module respectively;

the second energy storage module comprises a second inductor; the first end of the second inductor is electrically connected with the first switch module and the first module respectively, and the second end of the second inductor is electrically connected with the second switch module, the third switch module and the second module respectively.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first energy storage module further includes a first capacitor and a first diode; the first end of the first capacitor is respectively electrically connected with the second end of the first inductor and the first switch module, the second end of the first capacitor is respectively electrically connected with the cathode of the first diode, the third switch module and the fourth switch module, and the anode of the first diode is respectively electrically connected with the first end of the first inductor, the second switch module and the first module.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second energy storage module further includes a second capacitor and a second diode; the first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the anode of the second diode, the third switch module and the second module respectively, the second end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the second end of the second inductor and the second switch module respectively, and the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the first end of the second inductor, the first switch module and the first module respectively.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first switch module includes a first switch tube and a body diode thereof; a first breakover end of the first switch tube is electrically connected with the first energy storage module, the third switch module and the fourth switch module respectively, and a second breakover end of the first switch tube is electrically connected with the second energy storage module and the first module respectively;

alternatively, the first switching module comprises a third diode; the negative electrode of the third diode is respectively and electrically connected with the first energy storage module, the third switch module and the fourth switch module, and the positive electrode of the third diode is respectively and electrically connected with the second energy storage module and the first module.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second switch module includes a second switch tube and a body diode thereof; a first breakover end of the second switch tube is electrically connected with the first energy storage module and the first module respectively, and a second breakover end of the second switch tube is electrically connected with the second energy storage module, the third switch module and the second module respectively;

alternatively, the second switching module comprises a fourth diode; the negative electrode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the first energy storage module and the first module respectively, and the positive electrode of the fourth diode is electrically connected with the second energy storage module, the third switch module and the second module respectively.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the fourth switching module includes a third switching tube and a body diode thereof; the first conduction end of the third switching tube is electrically connected with the second module, and the second conduction end of the third switching tube is respectively electrically connected with the third switching module, the first energy storage module and the first switching module;

or, the fourth switching module comprises a fifth diode; the negative electrode of the fifth diode is electrically connected with the second module, and the positive electrode of the fifth diode is electrically connected with the third switch module, the first energy storage module and the first switch module respectively.

In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the third switching module includes a fourth switching tube and a body diode thereof, and a fifth switching tube and a body diode thereof;

a first conduction end of the fourth switching tube is electrically connected with the first energy storage module, the first switching module and the fourth switching module respectively, a second conduction end of the fourth switching tube is electrically connected with a second conduction end of the fifth switching tube, and a first conduction end of the fifth switching tube is electrically connected with the second energy storage module, the second switching module and the second module respectively;

or the third switch module comprises a sixth switch tube, a body diode and a seventh diode thereof;

a first conduction end of the sixth switching tube is electrically connected with the first energy storage module, the first switching module and the fourth switching module respectively, a second conduction end of the sixth switching tube is electrically connected with an anode of the seventh diode, and a cathode of the seventh diode is electrically connected with the second energy storage module, the second switching module and the second module respectively;

or the third switching module comprises a seventh switching tube, a body diode and an eighth diode thereof;

the negative pole of the eighth diode respectively with first energy storage module first switch module with the fourth switch module electricity is connected, the positive pole of the eighth diode with the second of seventh switch tube switches on the end electricity and connects, the first end that switches on of seventh switch tube respectively with second energy storage module second switch module with the second module electricity is connected.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply apparatus, including a first module, a second module, a controller, and the DC/DC converter of any one of the first aspect; the DC/DC converter is connected between the first module and the second module in series, and the controller is electrically connected with the DC/DC converter, the first module and the second module respectively;

the controller is used for determining the power flow direction of the DC/DC converter, collecting a voltage signal on the first module and a voltage signal on the second module, and determining the working mode of the DC/DC converter according to the power flow direction, the voltage signal on the first module and the voltage signal on the second module.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the advantages that:

the embodiment of the application provides a DC/DC converter, when a first switch module and a second switch module are switched on and a third switch module and a fourth switch module are switched off, the first module charges a first energy storage module and a second energy storage module respectively, and at the moment, the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module store energy in parallel; when the first switch module, the second switch module and the fourth switch module are turned off and the third switch module is turned on, the first module charges the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module, and the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module store energy in series; when the first switch module, the second switch module and the third switch module are turned off and the fourth switch module is turned on, the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the first module discharge to the second module, and at the moment, the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module discharge in series. From the above, it can be seen that the DC/DC converter operates in the boost mode, and in the energy storage stage, the first energy storage module charges the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module twice. In the energy releasing stage, the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module and the first module are connected in series to discharge electricity to the second module, so that high gain is achieved in a wide voltage range.

It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second aspect can be referred to the related description of the first aspect, and are not described herein again.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC/DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a first schematic diagram illustrating a circuit connection of a DC/DC converter according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a second schematic circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a third schematic circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a fourth schematic circuit connection diagram of a DC/DC converter according to another embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third switching module in a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an operating waveform of a DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power supply apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application.

In the figure: 10. a DC/DC converter; 100. a first energy storage module; 200. a second energy storage module; 300. a first switch module; 400. a second switch module; 500. a third switch module; 600. a fourth switching module; 20. a first module; 30. a second module; 40. and a controller.

Detailed Description

In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.

It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

As used in the specification of this application and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when …" or "once" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".

Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing or implying relative importance.

Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.

As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a DC/DC converter 10, which includes a first energy storage module 100, a second energy storage module 200, a first switching module 300, a second switching module 400, a third switching module 500, and a fourth switching module 600. First energy storage module 100 is electrically connected to first switch module 300, second switch module 400, third switch module 500, fourth switch module 600, and first module 20, respectively. The second energy storage module 200 is electrically connected to the first switch module 300, the second switch module 400, the third switch module 500, the first module 20 and the second module 30, respectively, and the fourth switch module 600 is electrically connected to the second module 30.

Specifically, when the first switch module 300 and the second switch module 400 are turned on and the third switch module 500 and the fourth switch module 600 are turned off, the first module 20 charges the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200 respectively, and at this time, the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200 store energy in parallel. When first switch module 300, second switch module 400, and fourth switch module 600 are turned off and third switch module 500 is turned on, first module 20 charges first energy storage module 100 and second energy storage module 200, and at this time, first energy storage module 100 and second energy storage module 200 store energy in series. When the first switch module 300, the second switch module 400 and the third switch module 500 are turned off and the fourth switch module 600 is turned on, the first energy storage module 100, the second energy storage module 200 and the first module 20 discharge to the second module 30, and at this time, the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200 discharge in series.

As can be seen from the above, the DC/DC converter 10 operates in the boost mode, and in the energy storage phase, the first module 20 charges the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200 twice, respectively to store energy in parallel and store energy in series. During the energy release phase, the first energy storage module 100, the second energy storage module 200 and the first module 20 are connected in series to discharge to the second module 30, thereby achieving high gain over a wide voltage range.

Further, when the fourth switching module 600 is turned on and the first switching module 300, the second switching module 400 and the third switching module 500 are turned off, the second module 30 charges the first energy storage module 100, the second energy storage module 200 and the first module 20, and at this time, the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200 store energy in series. When fourth switch module 600, first switch module 300, and second switch module 400 are turned off and third switch module 500 is turned on, first energy storage module 100 and second energy storage module 200 discharge to first module 20, and at this time, first energy storage module 100 and second energy storage module 200 discharge in series. When the fourth switching module 600 and the third switching module 500 are turned off and the first switching module 300 and the second switching module 400 are turned on, the first energy storage module 100 discharges to the first module 20 through the first switching module 300, the second energy storage module 200 discharges to the first module 20 through the second switching module 400, and at this time, the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200 discharge in parallel.

As can be seen from the above, the DC/DC converter 10 operates in the step-down mode, and the second module 30 charges the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200, specifically, stores energy in series during the energy storage phase. In the energy release phase, the first energy storage module 100 and the second energy storage module 200 perform two discharges, namely, a series discharge and a parallel discharge, respectively, thereby realizing high gain in a wide voltage range.

As shown in fig. 2, the first energy storage module 100 includes a first inductor L1. A first end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the second switch module 400 and the first module 20, respectively, and a second end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the first switch module 300, the third switch module 500, and the fourth switch module 600, respectively.

Specifically, the first inductor L1 is used as an energy storage element in the DC/DC converter 10, and is used for storing energy and releasing energy according to the on and off of the switching module.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 3, the first energy storage module 100 further includes a first capacitor C1 and a first diode D1. A first end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the second end of the first inductor L1 and the first switch module 300, a second end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the cathode D1 of the first diode, the third switch module 500 and the fourth switch module 600, and an anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the first end of the first inductor L1, the second switch module 400 and the first module 20.

Specifically, when the DC/DC converter operates in the boost mode, and the first switch module 300 and the second switch module 400 are turned on, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 store energy in parallel, and the first capacitor C1 is charged through the first diode D1. When the DC/DC converter operates in the buck mode, when the fourth switch module 600 is turned on, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are in series to store energy, and the first capacitor C1 discharges, and when the fourth switch module 600 is turned off, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 discharge to the first module 20, and simultaneously the first inductor L1 charges the first capacitor C1 through the first diode D1.

As shown in fig. 2, the second energy storage module 200 includes a second inductor L2. A first end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first switch module 300 and the first module 20, respectively, and a second end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the second switch module 400, the third switch module 500, and the second module 30, respectively.

Specifically, the second inductor L2 is used as an energy storage element in the DC/DC converter 10, and is used for storing energy and releasing energy according to the on and off of the switch module.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 3, the second energy storage module 200 further includes a second capacitor C2 and a second diode D2. A first end of the second capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the third switch module 500 and the second module 30, a second end of the second capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the second end of the second inductor L2 and the second switch module 400, and a cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the first end of the second inductor L2, the first switch module 300 and the first module 20.

Specifically, when the DC/DC converter operates in the boost mode, and when the first switch module 300 and the second switch module 400 are turned on, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 store energy in parallel, the first capacitor C1 is charged through the first diode D1, and the second capacitor C2 is charged through the second diode D2. When the DC/DC converter operates in the buck mode, when the fourth switch module 600 is turned on, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are in series to store energy, the first capacitor C1 discharges, the second capacitor C2 discharges, when the fourth switch module 600 is turned off, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 discharge to the first module 20, and simultaneously the first inductor L1 charges the first capacitor C1 through the first diode D1, and the second inductor L2 charges the second capacitor C2 through the second diode D2.

As shown in fig. 2, the first switch module 300 includes a first switch tube Q1 and a body diode D thereof _Q1 . The first conduction end of the first switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the first energy storage module 100, the third switch module 500 and the fourth switch module 600, and the second conduction end of the first switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the second energy storage module 200 and the first module 20.

Illustratively, the first switch tube Q1 is a fully-controlled power device such as a metal oxide field effect transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Illustratively, the first switch tube Q1 is an NMOS tube, the first conducting end of the first switch tube Q1 is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the second conducting end of the first switch tube Q1 is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and the control end of the first switch tube Q1 is a gate electrode of the NMOS tube.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 4, the first switching module 300 includes a third diode D3. The cathode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the first energy storage module 100, the third switching module 500, and the fourth switching module 600, and the anode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the second energy storage module 200 and the first module 20.

As shown in fig. 2, the second switch module 400 includes a second switch tube Q2 and a body diode D thereof _Q2 . A first conduction end of the second switching tube Q2 is electrically connected to the first energy storage module 100 and the first module 20, respectively, and a second conduction end of the second switching tube Q2 is electrically connected to the second energy storage module 200, the third switching module 500, and the second module 30, respectively.

For example, the second switch tube Q2 is a fully-controlled power device such as a metal oxide field effect transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Illustratively, the second switch Q2 is an NMOS transistor, the first conducting end of the second switch Q2 is a drain of the NMOS transistor, the second conducting end of the second switch Q2 is a source of the NMOS transistor, and the control end of the second switch Q2 is a gate of the NMOS transistor.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 4, the second switching module 400 includes a fourth diode D4. The cathode of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the first energy storage module 100 and the first module 20, respectively, and the anode of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the second energy storage module 200, the third switching module 500, and the second module 30, respectively.

As shown in fig. 2, the fourth switching module 600 includes a third switching tube Q3 and a body diode D thereof _Q3 . A first conduction end of the third switching tube Q3 is electrically connected to the second module 30, and a second conduction end of the third switching tube Q3 is electrically connected to the third switching module 500, the first energy storage module 100, and the first switching module 300, respectively.

Illustratively, the third switching tube Q3 is a fully-controlled power device such as a metal oxide field effect transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Illustratively, the third switch Q3 is an NMOS transistor, the first pass end of the third switch Q3 is a drain of the NMOS transistor, the second pass end of the third switch Q3 is a source of the NMOS transistor, and the control end of the third switch Q3 is a gate of the NMOS transistor.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 5, the fourth switching module 600 includes a fifth diode D5. The cathode of the fifth diode D5 is electrically connected to the second module 30, and the anode of the fifth diode D5 is electrically connected to the third switching module 500, the first energy storage module 100, and the first switching module 300, respectively.

As shown in fig. 2, the third switching module 500 includes a fourth switching tube Q4 and a body diode D thereof _Q4 And a fifth switching tube Q5 and a body diode D thereof _Q5 . The first end of turning on of fourth switch tube Q4 is connected with first energy storage module 100, first switch module 300 and fourth switch module 600 electricity respectively, and the second end of turning on of fourth switch tube Q4 switches on the end with the second of fifth switch tube Q5 and is connected, and the first end of turning on of fifth switch tube Q5 switches on the end with second energy storage module 200, second switch module 400 and second module 30 electricity respectively.

Illustratively, the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are fully-controlled power devices such as metal oxide field effect transistors or insulated gate bipolar transistors.

Illustratively, the fourth switching tube Q4 is an NMOS tube, the first conducting end of the fourth switching tube Q4 is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the second conducting end of the fourth switching tube Q4 is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and the control end of the fourth switching tube Q4 is a gate electrode of the NMOS tube. The fifth switch tube Q5 is an NMOS tube, a first conduction end of the fifth switch tube Q5 is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, a second conduction end of the fifth switch tube Q5 is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and a control end of the fifth switch tube Q5 is a gate electrode of the NMOS tube.

It should be noted that the first conducting end of the fourth switching tube Q4 is used as the first end of the third switching module 500, and the first conducting end of the fifth switching tube Q5 is used as the second end of the third switching module 500.

Illustratively, as shown in (a) of fig. 6, the third switching module 500 includes a switching tube Qa and a body diode D thereof _Qa And a switching tube Qb and a body diode D thereof _Qb . The second conducting end of the switch tube Qa is used as the first end of the third switch module 500, the first conducting end of the switch tube Qa is electrically connected to the first conducting end of the switch tube Qb, and the second conducting end of the switch tube Qb is used as the second end of the third switch module 500.

For example, the switching tube Qa and the switching tube Qb are fully-controlled power devices such as metal oxide field effect transistors or insulated gate bipolar transistors.

Illustratively, the switch tube Qa is an NMOS tube, the first conducting end of the switch tube Qa is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the second conducting end of the switch tube Qa is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and the control end of the switch tube Qa is a gate electrode of the NMOS tube. The switch tube Qb is an NMOS tube, the first conducting end of the switch tube Qb is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the second conducting end of the switch tube Qb is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and the control end of the switch tube Qb is a grid electrode of the NMOS tube.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 6 (b), the third switching module 500 includes a diode Da, a diode Db, a diode Dc, a diode Dd, a switching tube Qc and a body diode D thereof _Qc . The anode of the diode Da is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode Dc as the first end of the third switching module 500, the cathodes of the diode Da are respectively electrically connected to the cathode of the diode Db and the first conducting end of the switching tube Qc, the anode of the diode Dc is respectively electrically connected to the anode of the diode Dd and the second conducting end of the switching tube Qc, the anode of the diode Db is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode Dd as the second end of the third switching module 500And (4) an end.

Illustratively, the switch tube Qc employs a fully-controlled power device such as a metal oxide field effect transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Illustratively, the switch tube Qc is an NMOS tube, the first conducting end of the switch tube Qc is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the second conducting end of the switch tube Qc is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and the control end of the switch tube Qc is a gate electrode of the NMOS tube.

Illustratively, as shown in (c) of fig. 6, the third switch module 500 includes a switch tube Qd and a body diode D thereof _Qd Switch tube Qe and body diode D thereof _Qe Diode Df and diode De. The first conducting end of the switch tube Qd is electrically connected with the cathode of the diode De as the first end of the third switch module 500, the second conducting end of the switch tube Qd is electrically connected with the anode of the diode Df, the cathode of the diode Df is electrically connected with the first conducting end of the switch tube Qe as the second end of the third switch module 500, and the second conducting end of the switch tube Qe is electrically connected with the anode of the diode De.

For example, the switching tube Qd and the switching tube Qe employ fully-controlled power devices such as metal oxide field effect transistors or insulated gate bipolar transistors.

Illustratively, the switch transistor Qd is an NMOS transistor, the first conducting end of the switch transistor Qd is a drain electrode of the NMOS transistor, the second conducting end of the switch transistor Qd is a source electrode of the NMOS transistor, and the control end of the switch transistor Qd is a gate electrode of the NMOS transistor. The switch tube Qe is an NMOS tube, the first conducting end of the switch tube Qe is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the second conducting end of the switch tube Qe is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and the control end of the switch tube Qe is a gate electrode of the NMOS tube.

It should be noted that the third switch module 500 has various internal circuit forms, and is not limited to the above circuit structure.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 5, the third switching module 500 includes a sixth switching tube Q6 and a body diode D thereof _Q6 And a seventh diode D7. A first conduction end of a sixth switching tube Q6 is electrically connected with the first energy storage module 100, the first switching module 300 and the fourth switching module 600, a second conduction end of the sixth switching tube Q6 is electrically connected with an anode of a seventh diode D7, and the seventh diode D7 are electrically connected to the second energy storage module 200, the second switching module 400 and the second module 30, respectively.

Illustratively, the sixth switching tube Q6 is a fully-controlled power device such as a metal oxide field effect transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Illustratively, the sixth switching tube Q6 is an NMOS tube, the first conducting end of the sixth switching tube Q6 is a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the second conducting end of the sixth switching tube Q6 is a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and the control end of the sixth switching tube Q6 is a gate electrode of the NMOS tube.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 4, the third switching module 500 includes a seventh switching transistor Q7 and a body diode D thereof _Q7 And an eighth diode D8. The negative electrode of the eighth diode D8 is electrically connected to the first energy storage module 100, the first switch module 300, and the fourth switch module 600, the positive electrode of the eighth diode D8 is electrically connected to the second conduction end of the seventh switch tube Q7, and the first conduction end of the seventh switch tube Q7 is electrically connected to the second energy storage module 200, the second switch module 400, and the second module 30.

Illustratively, the seventh switch tube Q7 is a fully-controlled power device such as a metal oxide field effect transistor or an insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Illustratively, the seventh switch Q7 is an NMOS transistor, the first conducting end of the seventh switch Q7 is a drain electrode of the NMOS transistor, the second conducting end of the seventh switch Q7 is a source electrode of the NMOS transistor, and the control end of the seventh switch Q7 is a gate electrode of the NMOS transistor.

The DC/DC converter 10 has four operation modes, which are a bidirectional operation mode, a step-up mode and a step-down mode in the unidirectional operation mode, and the circuit structure of the DC/DC converter 10 corresponding to each operation mode is described in detail below.

When the DC/DC converter 10 operates in the bidirectional operation mode, the circuit structure of the DC/DC converter 10 is as shown in fig. 2, wherein the first energy storage module 100 includes a first inductor L1. The second energy storage module 200 includes a second inductance L2. The first switch module 300 includes a first switch tube Q1 and a body diode D thereof _Q1 . The second switch module 400 includes a second switch tube Q2 and a body diode D thereof _Q2 . The third switch module 500 includesFour-switch tube Q4 and body diode D thereof _Q4 And a fifth switching tube Q5 and a body diode D thereof _Q5 . The fourth switching module 600 includes a third switching tube Q3 and a body diode D thereof _Q3 . The connection relationship is as follows: the first end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the first conduction end of the second switch tube Q2 and the first module 20, the second end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the first conduction end of the first switch tube Q1, the first conduction end of the fourth switch tube Q4 and the second conduction end of the third switch tube Q3, the first end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the second conduction end of the first switch tube Q1 and the first module 20, the second end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the second conduction end of the second switch tube Q2, the first conduction end of the fifth switch tube Q5 and the second module 30, the first conduction end of the third switch tube Q3 is electrically connected to the second module 30, and the second conduction end of the fourth switch tube Q4 is electrically connected to the second conduction end of the fifth switch tube Q5. The specific working principle is as follows: when the DC/DC converter 10 operates in the boost mode, the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 operate in the high frequency PWM modulation mode, the third switching tube Q3 operates in the synchronous rectification mode, and the body diode D thereof _Q3 The third switching tube Q3 can realize Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) soft switching operation. The main waveforms are shown in fig. 7 (a), which includes, from top to bottom, the gate driving signals Vgs of the first and second switching tubes Q1 and Q2, the gate driving signals Vgs of the fourth and fifth switching tubes Q4 and Q5, respectively, and the current i flowing through the first inductor L1 _L1 And the current i of the second inductor L2 _L2 . The first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are conducted, and the body diode D _Q3 When the reverse direction is cut off and the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are turned off, the first module 20 charges the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 respectively, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 respectively store energy, which is called parallel energy storage; the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are turned off, and the body diode D _Q3 When the reverse direction is cut off and the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are switched on, an independent energy storage working stage is formed, the first module 20 charges the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series for energy storage; the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are turned off, and the body diode D _Q3 When the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are turned off, the energy stored in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 is discharged in series to the second module 30, so that the voltage gain of the second module 30 is obtained

Wherein D is ₁ The PWM modulation duty ratio of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 is D ₄ The duty ratio of the fourth switching tube Q4 is PWM modulated. V _H Is the voltage, V, on the second module 30 _L Is the voltage on the first module 20.

Illustratively, the fourth switching tube Q4 works in a high-frequency PWM debugging mode and can be turned on in advance, and since the current still flows to the hybrid bridge arm branch during the conduction period of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2, the fourth switching tube Q4 can realize zero-current-on (ZCS) soft switching work. The hybrid bridge arm branch comprises a branch formed by a first inductor L1 and a first switching tube Q1 and a branch formed by a second inductor L2 and a second switching tube Q2.

Illustratively, the fifth switch Q5 operates in synchronous rectification mode at its body diode D _Q5 The fifth switching tube Q5 can realize Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) soft switching operation.

It should be noted that, by using the above control logic, the turning on of the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 can provide an inductor current energy storage path, so that the voltage spike at the moment of turning off the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 can be absorbed.

When the DC/DC converter 10 operates in the buck mode, the third switching tube Q3 operates in the high-frequency PWM modulation mode, the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 operate in the synchronous rectification mode, and the body diode D thereof _Q1 、D _Q2 The first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 can realize ZVS soft switching operation. The main waveforms are as shown in (b) of fig. 7, from top to bottom, the gate driving signal Vgs of the third switching tube Q3, the gate driving signal Vgs of the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5, and the current i flowing through the first inductor L1 _L1 A second inductorCurrent i of L2 _L2 . The third switching tube Q3 is switched on, the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are switched off, and the body diode D _Q1 、D _Q2 When the reverse direction is cut off, the second module 30 charges the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to store energy, and the energy flows from the second module 30 to the first module 20; the third switch tube Q3 is turned off, the body diode D _Q1 、D _Q2 When the reverse direction is cut off, the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 form an independent afterflow discharging working stage when being switched on, and the energy stored by the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 is discharged to the first module 20 in series; when the third switching tube Q3 is turned off, the fourth switching tube Q4 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are turned off, the body diode D _Q1 、D _Q2 The energy stored in the first inductor L1 passes through the body diode D when the diode is conducted in the forward direction _Q1 Freewheeling discharges to the first module 20 and the energy stored in the second inductor L2 passes through the body diode D _Q2 A freewheeling discharge, called a parallel discharge, is fed to the first module 20, so that a voltage gain of

Wherein D is ₃ For the PWM modulation duty ratio of the third switching tube Q3, D ₅ The PWM modulation duty ratio of the fifth switching tube Q5. V _H Is the voltage, V, on the second module 30 _L Is the voltage on the first module 20.

Illustratively, the fifth switching tube Q5 operates at a high frequency PWM and can be turned on in advance, and since a current still flows through the series branch formed by the third switching tube Q3 and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 during the on period of the third switching tube Q3, the fifth switching tube Q5 can implement ZCS soft switching operation.

Illustratively, the fourth switching tube Q4 operates in synchronous rectification mode at its body diode D _Q4 And the fourth switching tube Q4 can realize ZVS soft switching operation after being switched on and then switched on.

It should be noted that, in the control logic, the turn-on of the fourth switching transistor Q4 and the fifth switching transistor Q5 can provide an inductor current freewheeling discharge path, so that a voltage spike at the turn-off moment of the third switching transistor Q3 can be absorbed.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 3, a switched capacitor circuit is added to the DC/DC converter 10, and in particular, a first capacitor C1 and a first diode D1 are added to the first energy storage module 100. A second capacitor C2 and a second diode D2 are added to the second energy storage module 200. The specific connection relationship is as follows: the first end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the second end of the first inductor L1 and the first conducting end of the first switch tube Q1, the second end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the first diode D1, the first conducting end of the fourth switch tube Q4 and the second conducting end of the third switch tube Q3, and the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the first end of the first inductor L1, the first conducting end of the second switch tube Q2 and the first module 20. A first end of the second capacitor C2 is electrically connected to an anode of the second diode D2, a first conduction end of the fifth switching tube Q5, and the second module 30, a second end of the second capacitor C2 is electrically connected to a second end of the second inductor L2 and a second conduction end of the second switching tube Q2, respectively, and a cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to a first end of the second inductor L2, a second conduction end of the first switching tube Q1, and the first module 20, respectively. When the DC/DC converter 10 is in the boost mode, the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are turned on, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in parallel to store energy, and meanwhile, the first capacitor C1 is charged through the first diode D1, and the second capacitor C2 is charged through the second diode D2. When the DC/DC converter 10 is in the step-down mode, the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to store energy, and the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are discharged; when the third switching tube Q3 is turned off, on one hand, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 discharge to the first module 20, and on the other hand, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 respectively charge the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 through the first diode D1 and the second diode D2.

When the DC/DC converter 10 operates in the unidirectional operation mode and is in the boost mode, the circuit structure of the DC/DC converter 10 is shown in fig. 5, in which the first energy storage module 100 includes a first inductor L1. The second energy storage module 200 includes a second inductance L2. The first switch module 300 includes a first switch tube Q1 and a body diode D thereof _Q1 . The second switch module 400 includes a second switch tube Q2 and a body diode D thereof _Q2 . The third switch module 500 includesSixth switching tube Q6 and body diode D thereof _Q6 And a seventh diode D7. The fourth switching module 600 includes a fifth diode D5. The connection relationship is as follows: a first end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to a first conduction end of the second switch tube Q2 and the first module 20, a second end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to a first conduction end of the first switch tube Q1, a first conduction end of the sixth switch tube Q6 and an anode of the fifth diode D5, a first end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to a second conduction end of the first switch tube Q1 and the first module 20, a second end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to a second conduction end of the second switch tube Q2, a cathode of the seventh diode D7 and the second module 30, a cathode of the fifth diode D5 is electrically connected to the second module 30, and a second conduction end of the sixth switch tube Q6 is electrically connected to an anode of the seventh diode D7. The specific working principle is as follows: the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 work in a high-frequency PWM modulation mode and work synchronously. When the sixth switching tube Q6 is turned off, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in parallel to store energy; the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are turned off, the fifth diode D5 is turned off in the reverse direction, when the sixth switch tube Q6 is turned on, the seventh diode D7 is turned on in the forward direction, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to store energy; when the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are turned off and the sixth switch tube Q6 is turned off, the fifth diode D5 is turned on in the forward direction, and the energy stored in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 is discharged in series to the second module 30, so that the high gain is realized in the wide voltage range.

Illustratively, the sixth switching tube Q6 works in high-frequency PWM and can be turned on in advance, and since the current still flows to the hybrid bridge arm branch during the on period of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2, the sixth switching tube Q6 can realize ZCS soft switching work. The hybrid bridge arm branch comprises a branch formed by a first inductor L1 and a first switching tube Q1 and a branch formed by a second inductor L2 and a second switching tube Q2.

For example, the fifth diode D5 and the seventh diode D7 may be replaced by a third switching tube Q3 and a fifth switching tube Q5, respectively, and the third switching tube Q3 and the fifth switching tube Q5 operate in a synchronous rectification mode atBody diode D thereof _Q3 、D _Q5 After the switching-on, the switching-on is carried out, so that the third switching tube Q3 and the fifth switching tube Q5 can realize ZVS soft switching operation.

It should be noted that, in the control logic, the seventh diode D7 or the common connection of the fifth switching tube Q5 and the sixth switching tube Q6 may provide an inductor current energy storage path, so as to absorb a voltage spike at a moment when the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are turned off.

When the DC/DC converter 10 operates in the unidirectional operation mode and is in the buck mode, the circuit structure of the DC/DC converter 10 is shown in fig. 4, in which the first energy storage module 100 includes a first inductor L1. The second energy storage module 200 includes a second inductance L2. The first switching module 300 includes a third diode D3. The second switching module 400 includes a fourth diode D4. The third switching module 500 includes an eighth diode D8, a seventh switching tube Q7 and a body diode D thereof _Q7 . The fourth switching module 600 comprises a third switch transistor Q3 and a body diode D thereof _Q3 . The connection relationship is as follows: a first end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the fourth diode D4 and the first module 20, a second end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the third diode D3, a negative electrode of the eighth diode D8 and a second conduction end of the third switching tube Q3, a first end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to a positive electrode of the third diode D3 and the first module 20, a second end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to a positive electrode of the fourth diode D4, a first conduction end of the seventh switching tube Q7 and the second module 30, a first conduction end of the third switching tube Q3 is electrically connected to the second module 30, and a positive electrode of the eighth diode D8 is electrically connected to a second conduction end of the seventh switching tube Q7. The specific working principle is as follows: the third switching tube Q3 works in a high frequency PWM modulation mode. When the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, the seventh switching tube Q7 is turned off, and the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 are reversely cut off, the second module 30 provides energy to the first module 20, and meanwhile, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to store energy; the third switching tube Q3 is turned off, the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 are turned off in the reverse direction, when the seventh switching tube Q7 is turned on, the eighth diode D8 is turned on in the forward direction, and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are connected in series to discharge; the third switching tube Q3 is turned off, and the seventh switchWhen the tube Q7 is turned off, the third diode D3 and the fourth diode D4 are turned on in the forward direction, and the energy stored in the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 is discharged in parallel to the first module 20, thereby realizing high gain in a wide voltage range.

Illustratively, the seventh switching tube Q7 operates at high frequency PWM and can be turned on in advance, and since current still flows through the series branch formed by the third switching tube Q3 and the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 during the on period of the third switching tube Q3, the seventh switching tube Q7 can implement ZCS soft switching operation.

For example, the third diode D3, the fourth diode D4 and the eighth diode D8 may be replaced by a first switching tube Q1, a second switching tube Q2 and a fourth switching tube Q4, respectively, where the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2 and the fourth switching tube Q4 operate in a synchronous rectification mode, and the body diode D thereof _Q1 、D _Q2 、D _Q4 The ZVS soft switch can be realized by the first switch tube Q1, the second switch tube Q2 and the fourth switch tube Q4 after being conducted and then turned on.

It should be noted that, in the control logic, the eighth diode D8 or the common turn-on of the fourth switching tube Q4 and the seventh switching tube Q7 can provide an inductor current freewheeling discharge path, so that a voltage spike at the moment when the third switching tube Q3 is turned off can be absorbed.

As shown in fig. 8, the present embodiment also provides a power supply apparatus, which includes a first module 20, a second module 30, a controller 40, and the above DC/DC converter 10. The DC/DC converter 10 is connected in series between the first module 20 and the second module 30, and the controller 40 is electrically connected to the DC/DC converter 10, the first module 20, and the second module 30, respectively.

Specifically, the controller 40 is configured to determine a power flow direction of the DC/DC converter 10, collect a voltage signal of the first module 20 and a voltage signal of the second module 30, and determine an operation mode of the DC/DC converter 10 according to the power flow direction, the voltage signal of the first module 20, and the voltage signal of the second module 30.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 9, the DC/DC converter 10 operates in a bidirectional mode, the first module 20 is a low-voltage side and includes a low-voltage power source V _L And low voltage filteringCapacitor C _L . The second module 30 is the high-voltage side and includes a high-voltage power supply V _H And a high-voltage filter capacitor C _H . The specific connection relationship is as follows: low-voltage power supply V _L Respectively connected with a low-voltage filter capacitor C _L The first end of the first inductor L and the first conducting end of the second switch tube Q2 are electrically connected, and the low-voltage power supply V _L Respectively connected with a low-voltage filter capacitor C _L The second end of the first switch tube Q1, the second conducting end of the first switch tube Q1 and the first end of the second inductor L2 are electrically connected. High voltage power supply V _H Respectively connected with a high-voltage filter capacitor C _H Is electrically connected with the first breakover end of the third switching tube Q3, and a high-voltage power supply V _H Respectively connected with a high-voltage filter capacitor C _H The second end of the second switch tube Q2, the first conducting end of the fifth switch tube Q5, the second end of the second inductor L2 and the second conducting end of the second switch tube Q2 are electrically connected.

Specifically, the power flow path from the low-voltage side to the high-voltage side is: low-voltage power supply V _L Through a low-voltage filter capacitor C _L Filtered and supplied to a bi-directional DC/DC converter 10, the output of which is passed through a high voltage filter capacitor C _H Filtering and supplying to high-voltage power supply V _H . The controller 40 outputs a suitable driving signal to the switching tube inside the DC/DC converter 10 to perform high frequency switching operation after internal logic processing and control, and finally provides a stable DC voltage or current to the high voltage power supply V _H . Conversely, the path of the power flow from the high-voltage side to the low-voltage side and the working principle thereof are similar and will not be described in detail here.

Exemplary, low voltage power supply V _L Is a battery, a high voltage power supply V _H Generally, a high-voltage direct-current bus is connected.

Illustratively, the controller 40 can be constructed by using discrete electronic components, or can be designed and used by using an application-specific integrated circuit, such as an analog control chip, a single chip Microcomputer (MCU) programmed by software, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), or a programmable logic device (FPGA/CPLD). The DC/DC converter 10 and the third switching module 500 may be integrated into the controller 40 in a discrete device manner or an integrated manner, or may be integrated into a large-scale hybrid integrated circuit.

Illustratively, the controller 40 is composed of a plurality of internal functional units, including a high-side voltage and current sampling and feedback circuit, a low-side voltage and current sampling and feedback circuit, voltage error amplifiers U1 and U4, current error amplifiers U3 and U6, a gating unit U7, a logic operation and wave generation unit U8, driving units U9 and U10, isolation optocouplers U2 and U5, and peripheral circuits. The gating unit U7 is also used to control the power flow direction of the power supply device DC/DC converter 10.

The resistor R1 and the resistor R2 sample the voltage at the low-voltage side and are connected to the negative end of the voltage error amplifier U1, and the positive end of the voltage error amplifier U1 receives the voltage reference signal Vr1. The output end of the voltage error amplifier U1 Is connected to the negative electrode of a light emitting diode in the isolation optocoupler U2, the positive electrode of the voltage error amplifier U1 Is connected to a fixed voltage source through a resistor, the emitting electrode of a triode in the isolation optocoupler U2 Is grounded, the collector electrode of the triode Is connected with the current source Is1, the positive electrode of the triode Is connected to the current error amplifier U3 to serve as a current reference signal, two current sampling signals I1 and I2 on the low-voltage side are added and then connected to the negative end of the current error amplifier U3, a current sensor, a current transformer or a resistor Is used as a current sampling device, and the output end of the current error amplifier U3 Is connected to one end of the gating unit U7.

The resistor R3 and the resistor R4 sample the voltage at the high voltage side and are connected to the negative end of the voltage error amplifier U4, and the positive end of the voltage error amplifier U4 receives the voltage reference signal Vr2. The output end of a voltage error amplifier U4 Is connected to the negative electrode of a light emitting diode in an isolation optocoupler U5, the positive electrode of the voltage error amplifier U4 Is connected to a fixed voltage source through a resistor, the emitting electrode of a triode in the isolation optocoupler U5 Is grounded, the collector electrode of the triode Is connected with a current source Is2, the positive electrode of the current error amplifier U6 Is connected to serve as a current reference signal, a high-voltage side current sampling signal I3 Is connected to the negative end of a current error amplifying U6, a current sampling device uses a current sensor, a current transformer or a resistor, the output end of the current error amplifying U6 Is connected to the other end of a gating unit U7, and the output end of the gating unit U7 Is connected to the input end of a logic operation and wave generation unit U8. The gating unit U7 receives an instruction to determine the power flow direction of the DC/DC converter 10, and detects a voltage signal at the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side to determine the operation mode of the DC/DC converter 10, an input terminal of the driving unit U9 is connected to one output terminal of the logic operation and wave generating unit U8, an input terminal of the driving unit U10 is connected to the other output terminal of the logic operation and wave generating unit U8, and the logic operation and wave generating unit U8 is configured to generate a pulse driving signal to drive the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2, the third switching tube Q3, the fourth switching tube Q4, and the fifth switching tube Q5 through the driving unit U9 and the driving unit U10. The drive signal output by the drive unit U9 causes the DC/DC converter 10 to operate in the step-up mode, and the drive signal output by the drive unit U10 causes the DC/DC converter 10 to operate in the step-down mode.

It should be noted that the voltage error amplifier and the current error amplifier in the controller 40 may adopt second-order or multi-order PI compensation or other intelligent control methods.

It should be noted that the DC/DC converter 10 can be operated in parallel or series in an interleaved manner to achieve higher power levels or higher voltage levels.

In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A DC/DC converter is characterized by comprising a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module, a first switch module, a second switch module, a third switch module and a fourth switch module; the first energy storage module is respectively and electrically connected with the first switch module, the second switch module, the third switch module, the fourth switch module and the first module, the second energy storage module is respectively and electrically connected with the first switch module, the second switch module, the third switch module, the first module and the second module, and the fourth switch module is electrically connected with the second module;

2. The DC/DC converter of claim 1, wherein the second module charges the first energy storage module, the second energy storage module, and the first module when the fourth switching module is turned on and the first, second, and third switching modules are turned off; when the fourth switch module, the first switch module and the second switch module are turned off and the third switch module is turned on, the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module discharge electricity to the first module; when the fourth switch module and the third switch module are turned off and the first switch module and the second switch module are turned on, the first energy storage module discharges electricity to the first module through the first switch module, and the second energy storage module discharges electricity to the first module through the second switch module.

3. The DC/DC converter according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the first energy storage module comprises a first inductance; a first end of the first inductor is electrically connected with the second switch module and the first module respectively, and a second end of the first inductor is electrically connected with the first switch module, the third switch module and the fourth switch module respectively;

4. The DC/DC converter of claim 3, wherein the first energy storage module further comprises a first capacitor and a first diode; the first end of the first capacitor is respectively electrically connected with the second end of the first inductor and the first switch module, the second end of the first capacitor is respectively electrically connected with the cathode of the first diode, the third switch module and the fourth switch module, and the anode of the first diode is respectively electrically connected with the first end of the first inductor, the second switch module and the first module.

5. The DC/DC converter of claim 3, wherein the second energy storage module further comprises a second capacitor and a second diode; the first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the anode of the second diode, the third switch module and the second module respectively, the second end of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the second end of the second inductor and the second switch module respectively, and the cathode of the second diode is electrically connected with the first end of the second inductor, the first switch module and the first module respectively.

6. The DC/DC converter according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the first switching module comprises a first switching tube and a body diode thereof; a first breakover end of the first switch tube is electrically connected with the first energy storage module, the third switch module and the fourth switch module respectively, and a second breakover end of the first switch tube is electrically connected with the second energy storage module and the first module respectively;

7. The DC/DC converter according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the second switch module comprises a second switch tube and a body diode thereof; a first breakover end of the second switch tube is electrically connected with the first energy storage module and the first module respectively, and a second breakover end of the second switch tube is electrically connected with the second energy storage module, the third switch module and the second module respectively;

8. The DC/DC converter of any of claims 1-2, wherein the fourth switching module comprises a third switching tube and its body diode; the first conduction end of the third switching tube is electrically connected with the second module, and the second conduction end of the third switching tube is respectively electrically connected with the third switching module, the first energy storage module and the first switching module;

or, the fourth switching module comprises a fifth diode; the negative electrode of the fifth diode is electrically connected with the second module, and the positive electrode of the fifth diode is respectively electrically connected with the third switch module, the first energy storage module and the first switch module.

9. The DC/DC converter according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the third switching module comprises a fourth switching tube and a body diode thereof, and a fifth switching tube and a body diode thereof;

10. A power supply apparatus comprising a first module, a second module, a controller and a DC/DC converter according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the DC/DC converter is connected between the first module and the second module in series, and the controller is electrically connected with the DC/DC converter, the first module and the second module respectively;