CN115652351A - Asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device - Google Patents
Asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115652351A CN115652351A CN202211369478.2A CN202211369478A CN115652351A CN 115652351 A CN115652351 A CN 115652351A CN 202211369478 A CN202211369478 A CN 202211369478A CN 115652351 A CN115652351 A CN 115652351A
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- liquid separation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The gas-liquid separation structure of the water electrolysis hydrogen production device adopts an asymmetric structure, and mainly means that the structures of a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank are asymmetric. Because the hydrogen yield is twice of the oxygen yield, in order to keep the liquid levels of the two gas-liquid separation tanks balanced when the power is changed suddenly, the sectional area of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank is set to be twice of that of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank, so that the gas pressure entering the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank is basically the same, and the liquid levels are basically kept balanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical hydrogen production, in particular to an asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device.
Background
The development of hydrogen energy can fundamentally relieve the energy safety problem brought by a large amount of imported oil and gas resources in China, the hydrogen energy can be used as a special attribute of an energy storage medium to promote the rapid development of large-scale renewable energy, and the hydrogen energy is an important means for realizing the double-carbon target in China.
The alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is widely applied in China, has the history of dozens of years of technical maturity, has high commercialization degree, is the most promising water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, but also has the problems of low current density, high energy consumption and long cold start time, and particularly the problem that the direct hydrogen production of an unstable power supply (wind power, photoelectricity and the like) is not solved by the alkaline water electrolysis at present.
At present, the structure of a traditional commercialized alkaline water electrolysis device is schematically shown in fig. 1, and mainly comprises a transformer rectifier 1, a control system 2, an electrolytic cell 3, a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4, an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5, an alkali liquor shield pump 6 and a cooler 7. The alkali liquor is pushed by the alkali liquor shielding pump 6 to enter the cathode small chamber 8 and the anode small chamber 9 through the flow channel below the electrolytic cell 3, and hydrogen and oxygen are respectively generated under the action of current. The generated hydrogen and oxygen are respectively mixed with alkali liquor to form a gas-liquid mixture, and the gas-liquid mixture respectively enters the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4 and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5 through a hydrogen gas-liquid pipeline 10 and an oxygen gas-liquid pipeline 11. The alkali liquor after gas-liquid separation is converged through pipelines 15 and 16, enters the cooler 7 through a pipeline 17, and then flows into the alkali liquor shield pump 6.
The principle of alkaline electrolysis of water is that two molecules of water are electrolyzed under the action of electric fields of a cathode and an anode of an electrolytic cell to generate two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen. According to the thermodynamic principles, the cathode produces twice the volume of hydrogen as the anode produces oxygen. In the traditional commercial alkaline water electrolysis device, the volume of gas is generally more than that of liquid under the working condition of the electrolytic cell, so that the change of the volume of gas can directly cause the change of the liquid level in the gas-liquid separation tank. The hydrogen and oxygen gas-liquid separation tank levels of such conventional commercial alkaline water electrolysis plants fluctuate even more, particularly when power is suddenly changed. An imbalance in the levels of hydrogen and oxygen directly results in an imbalance in the cathode and anode side pressures within the electrolysis cell. The separator commonly used in electrolytic cells at present is a porous membrane. An imbalance in the pressures of the cathode side and the anode side in the electrolytic cell causes hydrogen or oxygen to enter the anode side or the cathode side through the diaphragm, causing gas crossover between hydrogen or oxygen, and possibly causing explosion due to the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen. Although in the prior art it has been proposed for proton membrane electrolysis cells (PEM) to store the hydrogen and oxygen obtained after gas-liquid separation in storage tanks of different volumes in order to avoid membrane rupture. However, since the diffusion layers on both sides of the membrane of a PEM electrolyzer are dense materials, they can typically withstand a pressure differential of several atmospheres, while the proton membrane itself is not permeable to gases. The diaphragm of the alkaline electrolytic cell is a porous membrane, and gas cross-over can be caused only by the existence of a small pressure difference on two sides, usually less than 0.01 atmosphere, so that the method cannot solve the problem of gas cross-over caused by small pressure imbalance in the alkaline electrolytic cell.
Therefore, there is a continuing need for a safer hydrogen production apparatus by electrolysis of water that reduces fluctuations in the liquid level of the hydrogen and oxygen gas-liquid separation tanks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of liquid level fluctuation of a hydrogen and oxygen gas-liquid separation tank and unbalance of the pressures of a cathode side and an anode side in an electrolytic cell in the water electrolysis hydrogen production device in the prior art. The invention discovers that the problem of gas channeling caused by small pressure imbalance in the electrolytic cell is mainly caused by different liquid level heights of the gas-liquid separation structures at the cathode side and the anode side, so that the novel hydrogen production device for the electrolyzed water is designed, and the novel gas-liquid separation structure is adopted.
The invention provides an asymmetric hydrogen production device by water electrolysis, which is used for producing hydrogen by alkaline water electrolysis or producing hydrogen by water electrolysis through an anion exchange membrane.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the alkaline electrolytic cell has been produced and sold for more than 30 years, no asymmetric gas-liquid separation structure exists at present, but the asymmetric gas-liquid separation structure is used, so that the liquid level balance of the gas-liquid separation tank can be better maintained, particularly, when the power changes suddenly, the liquid level height of the gas-liquid separation tank changes along with the change speed of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank are the same, the liquid levels of the gas-liquid separation tanks on two sides keep a balanced state, the explosion danger caused by the mutual channeling of hydrogen and oxygen is avoided, the safety of a system is ensured, and the asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device has very important significance for the safety of large-scale renewable energy hydrogen production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional commercial alkaline water electrolysis apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device according to another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
In addition, the technical features described below in the different embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The conventional commercial electrolytic cell is designed in such a way that the cathode side and the anode side have the same structure, and the volumes and structures of the pipelines, the flow channels and the gas-liquid separation tank are basically the same. Although the liquid level balance of the hydrogen and oxygen gas-liquid separation tanks (as shown in fig. 1) can be controlled under the condition of stable power operation by controlling the pneumatic valve, when the power is changed, particularly when the power is changed greatly, the liquid levels on both sides of the hydrogen and oxygen gas-liquid separation tanks fluctuate greatly. There are two risks to fluctuations in the liquid level: firstly, the liquid level fluctuation can affect the gas pressure of the gas-liquid separation tank, and the pressure can be transmitted to the cathode small chamber 8 and the anode small chamber 9, so that hydrogen and oxygen can flow through the diaphragm, and the current efficiency and the system safety of electrolytic hydrogen production are affected; second, if the level fluctuation is too large, hydrogen and oxygen will mix through the pipes 15 and 16, creating an explosion risk.
One of the main reasons for generating the fluctuation is that the generation speed of hydrogen is twice of that of oxygen, but the overall structures of the electrolytic cells of the existing alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production device and the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production device are symmetrical. In such a symmetrical structure, the flow rate of the hydrogen-liquid mixture from the electrolyzer is higher than that of the oxygen-liquid mixture, which is also the main cause of the severe fluctuation of the gas-liquid separation level.
The invention discovers that in order to ensure that the hydrogen production device by electrolyzing water can effectively avoid the mutual channeling of hydrogen and oxygen in the power change process, an asymmetric gas-liquid separation system can be designed, so that the liquid levels of two gas-liquid separation tanks, namely a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank, are kept balanced in the power change process and are maintained in a safe height range. The asymmetric design can reduce the cost, improve the system efficiency and improve the stability and the safety of the device.
Based on the novel structure, the liquid level in the gas-liquid separation structure can be kept balanced and stable in the power change process, and the liquid level balance and stability can avoid the mutual channeling of hydrogen and oxygen.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device comprises an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank, wherein an inlet of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with a cathode small chamber of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, an inlet of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with an anode small chamber of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, and the sectional area of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank is twice that of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank. The asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device can be used for producing hydrogen by alkaline water electrolysis and can also be used for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis through an anion exchange membrane.
The gas-liquid separation structure adopts an asymmetric structure, and mainly means that the structures of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank are asymmetric. Because the hydrogen yield is twice of the oxygen yield, in order to keep the liquid levels of the two gas-liquid separation tanks balanced when the power is changed suddenly, the sectional area of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank is set to be twice of that of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank, so that the gas pressure entering the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank is basically the same, and the liquid levels are basically kept balanced.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and/or the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank is a high-pressure vessel, and the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and/or the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank is generally a vertical or horizontal cylindrical vessel.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a sectional area of a pipe connected to the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank may be twice as large as a sectional area of a pipe connected to the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the anode cells may be twice the cross-sectional area of the anode cells. The asymmetric structure of the present invention is not limited to the gas-liquid separation tank, and may further include a pipe connected thereto, and a cathode chamber and an anode chamber portion of the electrolytic cell, so that the pressure and liquid level balance in the two gas-liquid separation tanks can be further ensured. More preferably, the volume of liquid entering the cathode cell of the cell may be twice the volume of liquid entering the anode cell of the cell.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device further comprises a shield pump, wherein the inlet of the shield pump is communicated with the liquid outlet of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and/or the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank through a pipeline, and the outlet of the shield pump is communicated with the liquid inlet of the cathode chamber and/or the anode chamber of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline. Preferably, two shield pumps may be provided, respectively, between the liquid outlet of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and the liquid inlet of the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell and between the liquid outlet of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank and the liquid inlet of the anode chamber of the electrolytic cell.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device further comprises a cooler which is arranged between the liquid outlet of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and/or the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank and the shield pump.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in the attached figure 2, the asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device comprises a voltage transformation rectifier 1', a control system 2', an electrolytic cell 3', a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4', an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5', an alkali liquor shielding pump 6' and a cooler 7'. The alkali liquor is pushed by the alkali liquor shielding pump 6 'to enter the cathode small chamber 8' and the anode small chamber 9 'through the flow channel below the electrolytic bath 3', and hydrogen and oxygen are respectively generated under the action of current. The generated gas-liquid mixture of the hydrogen and the oxygen which are respectively mixed with the alkali liquor respectively enters a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4 'and an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5' through a hydrogen gas-liquid pipeline 10 'and an oxygen gas-liquid pipeline 11'. The alkali liquor after gas-liquid separation is merged through pipelines 15' and 16', enters the cooler 7' through a pipeline 17', and then flows into the alkali liquor shielding pump 6'. The sectional area of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4 'is twice that of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5', and the sectional areas of the cathode small chamber 8', the hydrogen gas-liquid pipeline 10' and the pipeline 15 'are also twice that of the cathode small chamber 9', the oxygen gas-liquid pipeline 11 'and the pipeline 16', so that the liquid levels of the two gas-liquid separation tanks can be kept balanced when the power is suddenly changed.
Example 2
The asymmetric design of the present invention is also suitable for a discrete circulation type gas-liquid separation configuration. As shown in the attached figure 3, the asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device comprises a variable-voltage rectifier 1', a control system 2', an electrolytic cell 3', a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4', an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5', alkali liquor shielding pumps 6a and 6b and coolers 7a and 7b. The alkali liquor after the hydrogen gas-liquid separation enters a cooler 7a through a pipeline 15', then is pushed to enter a cathode small chamber 8' of the electrolytic cell 3 'by an alkali liquor shielding pump 6a, and the alkali liquor after the oxygen gas-liquid separation enters a cooler 7b through a pipeline 16', and then is pushed to enter an anode small chamber 9 'of the electrolytic cell 3' by an alkali liquor shielding pump 6 b. The alkali solution entering the cathode chamber 8' and the anode chamber respectively generates hydrogen and oxygen under the action of current. The generated gas-liquid mixture of the hydrogen and the oxygen which are respectively mixed with the alkali liquor respectively enters a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4 'and an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5' through a hydrogen gas-liquid pipeline 10 'and an oxygen gas-liquid pipeline 11'. The sectional area of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 4 'is twice that of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 5', and the sectional areas of the cathode small chamber 8', the hydrogen gas-liquid pipeline 10' and the pipeline 15 'are also twice that of the cathode small chamber 9', the oxygen gas-liquid pipeline 11 'and the pipeline 16', so that when the power is suddenly changed, the liquid levels of the two gas-liquid separation tanks are kept balanced.
The main feature of the separate circulation type gas-liquid separation structure is that the alkali solution after gas-liquid separation enters the cathode chamber 8' and the anode chamber 9' of the electrolytic cell 3' through the pipelines 15' and 16', the coolers 7a and 7b and the alkali solution shield pumps 6a and 6b, respectively. The lye circulates independently on the hydrogen side and on the oxygen side, respectively, and only under specific conditions is mixing produced by means of the pneumatically operated valve 18' in order to maintain the concentration equilibrium. For the gas-liquid separation structure of the discrete circulation type, it is also necessary to keep the liquid levels of the gas-liquid separators of hydrogen and oxygen balanced to avoid the pressure imbalance between the cathode chamber 8 'and the anode chamber 9'.
The present application has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the present application can be subjected to various substitutions and modifications, which are all within the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An asymmetric water electrolysis hydrogen production device is used for producing hydrogen by alkaline electrolysis water or producing hydrogen by electrolysis water through an anion exchange membrane and is characterized by comprising an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank, wherein an inlet of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with a cathode small chamber of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, an inlet of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank is communicated with an anode small chamber of the electrolytic cell through a pipeline, and the sectional area of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank is twice that of the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen gas knock-out drum and/or the oxygen gas knock-out drum is a high pressure vessel.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the hydrogen gas knock-out drum and/or the oxygen gas knock-out drum is a vertical or horizontal cylindrical vessel.
4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a sectional area of a pipe connected to the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank is twice as large as a sectional area of a pipe connected to the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank.
5. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cross-sectional area of the anode cells of the electrolytic cell is twice the cross-sectional area of the anode cells of the electrolytic cell.
6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a canned motor pump, an inlet of which communicates with the liquid outlet of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and/or the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank through a pipe, and an outlet of which communicates with the liquid inlet of the cathode chamber and/or the anode chamber of the electrolytic cell through a pipe.
7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising two canned pumps respectively disposed between the liquid outlet of the hydrogen gas liquid separation tank and the liquid inlet of the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell and between the liquid outlet of the oxygen gas liquid separation tank and the liquid inlet of the anode chamber of the electrolytic cell.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a cooler provided between the liquid outlet of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and/or the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank and the shield pump.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211369478.2A CN115652351B (en) | 2022-11-03 | 2022-11-03 | Asymmetric electrolytic water hydrogen production device |
| PCT/CN2023/116254 WO2024093496A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 | 2023-08-31 | Asymmetric apparatus for producing hydrogen by water electrolysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211369478.2A CN115652351B (en) | 2022-11-03 | 2022-11-03 | Asymmetric electrolytic water hydrogen production device |
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| CN115652351A true CN115652351A (en) | 2023-01-31 |
| CN115652351B CN115652351B (en) | 2023-06-20 |
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| CN202211369478.2A Active CN115652351B (en) | 2022-11-03 | 2022-11-03 | Asymmetric electrolytic water hydrogen production device |
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| WO (1) | WO2024093496A1 (en) |
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| CN114134514A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-03-04 | 无锡隆基氢能科技有限公司 | Water electrolysis hydrogen production system |
| CN114717577A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-07-08 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Hydrogen-oxygen self-balancing device and method for water electrolysis hydrogen production system |
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2022
- 2022-11-03 CN CN202211369478.2A patent/CN115652351B/en active Active
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2023
- 2023-08-31 WO PCT/CN2023/116254 patent/WO2024093496A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003113487A (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-04-18 | Shinko Pantec Co Ltd | Gas generating system and liquid separation unit |
| US20030201187A1 (en) * | 2002-04-24 | 2003-10-30 | Speranza A. John | Gas liquid phase separator with improved pressure control |
| WO2013066331A2 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-10 | Avalence Llc | Method for controlling cell-presssure balance and separator liquid level in an electrolyzer and apparatus thereof |
| WO2018182005A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 旭化成株式会社 | Water electrolysis system, water electrolysis method, and method for producing hydrogen |
| EP3543375A1 (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-09-25 | Hymeth ApS | Pressure compensating system and a high-pressure electrolyser system comprising the same |
| CN111005029A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-14 | 广东省新材料研究所 | Electrolytic aquatic product gas pressure self-balancing device and application thereof |
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| CN215628319U (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-01-25 | 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 | Hydrogen-oxygen balance pressurization system for water electrolysis device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115652351B (en) | 2023-06-20 |
| WO2024093496A1 (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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