CN115647732B - Precision machining method for high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts - Google Patents
Precision machining method for high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN115647732B CN115647732B CN202211230419.7A CN202211230419A CN115647732B CN 115647732 B CN115647732 B CN 115647732B CN 202211230419 A CN202211230419 A CN 202211230419A CN 115647732 B CN115647732 B CN 115647732B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011359 shock absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a precision machining method of high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts, belonging to the technical field of precision mechanical manufacturing, and mainly comprising the following process flows: 1) Preparing a blank; 2) Roughly turning into a cylinder, and balancing the outer circle, the inner hole and the end face; 3) Solution treatment; 4) Semi-finish turning and forming; 5) Milling, wherein each characteristic of the milling shape and the inner cavity meets the drawing requirement; 6) High-low temperature size stabilization treatment; 7) Finish machining the bearing mating surface and each inner hole and end surface with roughness Ra0.8; 8) Ultrasonic cleaning to remove the surplus; 9) And (5) checking. The invention solves the precision machining process problem of high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts, adopts the hard alloy cutter to carry out rough machining, adopts the PCD cutter to carry out semi-finishing and finishing, and effectively reduces the machining cost; and a special tool is designed in the finish machining process, so that the deformation in the part machining process is effectively reduced, the machining precision is improved, and the qualification rate of the parts is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision machinery manufacturing, and particularly relates to a precision machining method for high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts.
Background
The aluminum-based silicon carbide material is a novel composite material which has the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, high heat conductivity and the like and is widely applied to various fields of aerospace, national defense, instruments, electronics, automobiles, sports and the like; however, a range of excellent properties are achieved at the expense of the plasticity, toughness and machinability of the material; especially, the silicon carbide with the volume fraction reaching more than 40% and the medium volume fraction shows a certain brittleness, and in the cutting process, the cutter alternately cuts a plastic aluminum matrix with softer material and brittle SiC particles with high hardness, so that the impact on the cutter is larger, and the SiC particles have a very serious grinding and scoring effect on the cutter, so that the mechanical cutting performance of the material is very poor, the conventional cutter is severely worn, and the machining precision and the surface quality are difficult to ensure. PCD cutters are ideal choices for processing silicon carbide aluminum materials, and have long service life, high processing quality and high cutter cost.
It is generally believed that when the ratio of part wall thickness to inside diameter radius of curvature (or profile dimension) is less than 1:20, is called a thin-walled part. The thin-wall shell part is widely applied to industries such as national defense, aviation, aerospace, machinery and the like due to the excellent characteristics of light weight, compact structure, excellent overall performance, material saving and the like. However, along with the thinning of the wall thickness of the part, the rigidity of the part is poor, and the whole processing deformation caused by vibration phenomenon, local elastic deformation and uneven residual stress distribution is easy to occur to the processing system of the thin-wall part under the action of cutting force, so that the processing precision of the part is directly influenced, and the using effect of the part is further influenced.
The thin-wall shell part made of aluminum-based silicon carbide material has poor plasticity and toughness due to the special property of the material, and vibration occurs in the processing process, so that the processing precision is affected, the cutting edge of the cutter is cracked, and even cracks appear in the material when serious, so that the part is scrapped.
Based on the technical difficulties, how to solve the processing technical scheme of the high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide material thin-wall shell part, ensure the processing precision of the part, reduce the processing cost of the part and become the problem to be solved urgently by process technicians.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the precision machining method for the high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts is used for meeting the requirements on the dimensional precision and the shape and position precision of the parts, reducing the production cost and improving the qualification rate of the parts.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following scheme:
The utility model provides a precision machining method of high accuracy aluminium base carborundum thin wall casing class part, the part material is aluminium base carborundum combined material, the part is equipped with a plurality of holes, a plurality of holes are bearing mounting hole, bearing spacer ring mounting hole, transition hole and connecting axle mounting hole in proper order, the part has following important dimensional accuracy and shape position precision: the dimension and cylindricity of the bearing mounting hole are respectively coaxial with the axes of the bearing spacer ring mounting hole and the connecting shaft mounting hole, and the perpendicularity of the two end faces of the total length of the part, the right end face of the bearing mounting hole, the right end face of the bearing spacer ring mounting hole and the left end face of the connecting shaft mounting hole with the reference axis A is respectively achieved; wherein the method comprises the steps of:
step 1): preparing materials;
Step 2): rough turning of parts, wherein hard alloy cutters are adopted, and the turning of the parts is cylindrical: turning the maximum outer circle until the maximum outer circle diameter phi D+2mm of the part, reserving an inner hole according to the diameter phi D3-2mm of the transition hole, and turning the length until the distance L+2mm between two end surfaces of the part;
Step 3): solid solution aging treatment;
Step 4): semi-finish turning a part, namely, adopting a PCD cutter to semi-finish turning all inner holes, outer circle characteristics and end faces of the part, wherein the diameter phi D of a bearing mounting hole is the same as the diameter phi D of the outer circle of the part, the diameter phi D1 of a bearing spacer ring mounting hole, the diameter phi D2 of a connecting shaft mounting hole, machining allowance is reserved on the two end faces of the part, the right end face of the bearing mounting hole, the right end face of the bearing spacer ring mounting hole and the left end face of the connecting shaft mounting hole, the allowance range is controlled between 0.2-0.5 mm in radius and end face distance, and the rest machining characteristics are finished according to drawing requirements;
step 5): milling all parts of the appearance and the inner cavity of the part, milling the appearance outline characteristics and the inner cavity position characteristics of the part, and processing the part to meet the drawing requirements;
step 6): high-low temperature size stabilization treatment;
Step 7): finely turning the outer circle of the part and two end surfaces of the part, designing a processing tool and supporting the processing tool by using an auxiliary tool, so that the rigidity of the part is improved; adopting a PCD lathe tool to finish turning a part bearing mounting hole, a bearing spacer ring mounting inner hole, a connecting shaft mounting hole, a right end face of the bearing mounting inner hole, a right end face of the bearing spacer ring mounting inner hole and a left end face of the connecting shaft mounting hole, thereby ensuring the requirements of drawing dimensional accuracy and shape and position accuracy;
step 8): ultrasonically cleaning parts, and removing surplus materials;
Step 9): and detecting the sizes and shape and position precision of each inner hole and end face of the part by three coordinates.
Furthermore, the wall thickness of the thin-wall shell part is less than or equal to 1.5mm, the dimensional precision is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the shape and position precision is less than or equal to 0.02mm.
Furthermore, the hard alloy cutter used in the step 2) is a cutter after sharpening, and the rear angle alpha 0 of the cutter is ground into 7-9 degrees, so that the angle range is convenient for processing the aluminum-based silicon carbide material, can bear larger cutting force and is beneficial to reducing friction.
Further, in the step 7), the machining tool includes a first tool and a second tool, the principle of reference advance is adopted, the excircle of the part is finished first, then the excircle of the part is positioned through the first tool and the second tool, the principle that the reference is unified is adopted, that is, the inner holes at two ends are machined by using the principle of unified reference, the inner hole and the connecting shaft mounting hole are finished, and the right end face, the right end face and the left end face of the inner hole are installed on the bearing.
Further, the first tool is a tool cylinder, the second tool is a tool cover plate, and the first tool and the second tool are connected.
Further, in the step 7), the auxiliary tool is made of a soft vibration absorbing material, and the soft vibration absorbing material is filled between the tool cylinder and the part, so as to reduce processing vibration and improve rigidity of the part.
The precision indexes comprise dimension precision and shape and position precision, the dimension precision refers to the dimension (reference hole A) of an inner hole of a bearing installation hole phi d, a tolerance zone is less than or equal to 0.01mm, the shape and position precision comprises cylindricity of the bearing installation hole, coaxiality of a bearing spacer installation hole and a bearing installation inner hole, coaxiality of a connecting shaft installation hole and the bearing installation inner hole, perpendicularity of an end face of the bearing installation inner hole and A, perpendicularity of an end face of the bearing spacer installation hole and A, perpendicularity of the connecting shaft installation inner hole and A, perpendicularity of important installation surfaces and A respectively, and shape and position precision is less than or equal to 0.02mm.
Compared with the existing aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell part processing method, the method has the advantages that:
the sharpened hard alloy cutter is adopted in the first and rough machining stages, so that the machining cost is effectively reduced;
Secondly, by designing a special tool, when inner holes at two ends are machined, the same tool is used for positioning, machining benchmarks are consistent, and clamping and aligning errors are reduced;
And thirdly, soft shock-absorbing materials are filled between the part and the first tool, so that the deformation of the part in the machining process is reduced, and the rigidity of the part is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of the types of parts and inclusion features for which the present invention is directed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a test piece in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a test piece fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote:
1-a tool cylinder, 2-a soft shock-absorbing material, 3-a tool cover plate and 4-parts.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
The specific implementation cases are as follows:
The thin-wall shell type part shown in the accompanying figures 1-3 is made of an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material with the volume fraction of 45%, and the precision machining comprises the following steps:
Step 1): and (5) preparing materials.
Step 2): roughly turning a part, namely adopting a hard alloy cutter with a sharpening back angle of 7 DEG, wherein the rotating speed is 210r/min, and the feeding amount is 0.3mm/r; the vehicle part is cylindrical: turning the maximum outer circle of the part to phi 100mm, turning the inner hole to phi 55mm, and turning the length to 79.5mm;
Step 3): solution treatment is carried out to eliminate the stress between the interface of the matrix and the reinforcement and improve the strength of the material;
step 4): semi-finish turning the part, wherein a PCD cutter is adopted, the rotating speed is 400r/min, and the feeding amount is 0.03mm/r; semi-finish turning all inner holes, outer circle features and end faces of parts, wherein the bearing is provided with holes The excircle phi 98, the transition hole phi 70+/-0.05, the bearing spacer ring installation hole phi 74+/-0.05, the bearing spacer ring installation hole right end surface and the part left end size L130+/-0.01, the bearing spacer ring installation hole right end surface and the part left end size L234+/-0.05, the connecting shaft installation hole left end surface and the part right end size L345+/-0.01, the distance between the two end surfaces of the total length of the part L77.5+/-0.05 leave a machining allowance, and the radius and the end surface unilateral allowance are 0.2-0.5 mm, and other machining characteristics are finished according to the drawing requirements;
Step 5): milling all parts of the appearance and the inner cavity of the part by adopting a PCD milling cutter, wherein the rotating speed is 1000r/min, the feeding amount is 80mm/min, and milling the appearance outline characteristics and the inner cavity characteristics of the part to achieve the drawing requirements;
Step 6): high-low temperature size stabilization treatment; the purpose is to eliminate the residual stress generated in the processing;
Step 7):
step 1, finely turning the excircle phi 98 of the part to the size phi 98 plus or minus 0.01, and turning the two end faces of 77.5 plus or minus 0.05 to ensure that the parallelism of the two end faces is less than 0.01;
step 2, grinding 77.5+/-0.05 two end faces, and ensuring that the flatness of the end faces is less than 0.003 and the parallelism is less than 0.004;
step 3, finely turning the inner hole of the tool cylinder 1 to phi 98.015;
step 4, loading the parts into the tool cylinder 1, pressing by using the tool cover plate 3, and screwing up the threads;
step 5, filling foaming agent between the tool cylinder 1 and the part 4 as a soft shock-absorbing material 2, see figure 4;
step 6, adopting a PCD lathe tool, rotating at 500r/min, feeding 0.01mm/r, and finely turning an inner hole for installing a part bearing Phi 74 plus or minus 0.05, 30 plus or minus 0.01 right end face and 34 plus or minus 0.05 right end face meet the requirements;
Step 7, unscrewing the tool cover plate 3, taking out the foaming agent and the parts, and cleaning the parts, the tool cylinder 1 and the tool cover plate 3;
Step 8, turning around the part and loading the part into a tool cylinder, and repeating the step 4 and the step 5; finish turning the left end face of the inner hole phi 70+/-0.05 and 45+/-0.01 meets the requirement.
Step 8): ultrasonically cleaning parts, and removing surplus materials;
Step 9): and (5) checking.
D and L1 in the drawing are respectively the diameter of a bearing mounting hole and the distance between the end face and the bearing mounting face, phi D1 and L2 are respectively the diameter of a bearing spacer mounting hole and the distance between the end face and the bearing spacer mounting face, phi D2 and L3 are respectively the diameter of a connecting shaft mounting hole and the distance between the end face and the connecting shaft mounting face, phi D3 is the diameter of a transition hole, phi D is the maximum excircle diameter of a part, L is the distance between the two end faces of the part and is the important mounting face, and the wall thickness of the thin-wall shell is less than or equal to 1.5mm.
Through the processing steps, the processing dimensional precision and the shape and position precision of the parts are successfully ensured.
The invention is not described in detail in part as being well known in the art.
While the invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The precision machining method for the high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts is characterized in that the part material is an aluminum-based silicon carbide composite material, the part is provided with a plurality of inner holes, the inner holes are a bearing mounting hole, a bearing spacer ring mounting hole, a transition hole and a connecting shaft mounting hole in sequence, and the part has the following important dimensional precision and shape and position precision: the dimension and cylindricity of the bearing mounting hole are respectively coaxial with the axes of the bearing spacer ring mounting hole and the connecting shaft mounting hole, and the perpendicularity of the two end faces of the total length of the part, the right end face of the bearing mounting hole, the right end face of the bearing spacer ring mounting hole and the left end face of the connecting shaft mounting hole with the reference axis A is respectively achieved; wherein the method comprises the steps of:
Step 1): preparing materials;
Step 2): rough turning of parts, wherein hard alloy cutters are adopted, and the turning of the parts is cylindrical: turning the maximum outer circle until the maximum outer circle diameter phi D+2mm of the part, reserving an inner hole according to the diameter phi D3-2 mm of the transition hole, and turning the length until the distance L+2mm between two end surfaces of the part;
step 3): solid solution aging treatment;
step 4): semi-finish turning part, which adopts PCD cutter, all inner holes, outer circle characteristics and end faces of the semi-finish turning part, wherein the diameter phi d of the bearing mounting hole Machining allowance is reserved on the outer circle diameter phi D of the part, the diameter phi D1 of the bearing spacer ring mounting hole, the diameter phi D2 of the connecting shaft mounting hole, the two end faces of the part, the right end face of the bearing mounting hole, the right end face of the bearing spacer ring mounting hole and the left end face of the connecting shaft mounting hole, the allowance range is controlled to be 0.2-0.5 mm in radius and end face distance, and the rest machining characteristics are finished according to the requirements of a drawing;
step 5): milling all parts of the appearance and the inner cavity of the part, milling the appearance outline characteristics and the inner cavity position characteristics of the part, and processing the part to meet the drawing requirements;
Step 6): high-low temperature size stabilization treatment;
Step 7): finely turning the outer circle of the part and two end surfaces of the part, designing a processing tool and supporting the processing tool by using an auxiliary tool, so that the rigidity of the part is improved; adopting a PCD lathe tool to finish turning a part bearing mounting hole, a bearing spacer ring mounting inner hole, a connecting shaft mounting hole, a right end face of the bearing mounting inner hole, a right end face of the bearing spacer ring mounting inner hole and a left end face of the connecting shaft mounting hole, thereby ensuring the requirements of drawing dimensional accuracy and shape and position accuracy; the machining tool comprises a first tool and a second tool, the principle of datum advance is adopted, the excircle of a part is firstly finished, then the part is positioned through the first tool and the second tool, the principle of datum unification is adopted, namely, the principle of datum unification is adopted for machining inner holes at two ends, namely, a bearing installation inner hole, a bearing spacer ring installation inner hole and a connecting shaft installation hole are finished, and the right end face of the bearing installation inner hole, the right end face of the bearing spacer ring installation inner hole and the left end face of the connecting shaft installation hole are finished; the first tool is a tool cylinder (1), the second tool is a tool cover plate (3), and the first tool and the second tool are connected; the auxiliary tool is made of soft vibration absorbing materials (2), and the soft vibration absorbing materials (2) are filled between the tool cylinder (1) and the part (4) so as to reduce part deformation in processing and improve part rigidity;
step 8): ultrasonically cleaning parts, and removing surplus materials;
Step 9): and detecting the sizes and shape and position precision of each inner hole and end face of the part by three coordinates.
2. The precision machining method for the high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the wall thickness of the thin-wall shell parts is less than or equal to 1.5mm, the dimensional precision is less than or equal to 0.01mm, and the shape and position precision is less than or equal to 0.02mm.
3. The precision machining method of the high-precision aluminum-based silicon carbide thin-wall shell parts is characterized in that the hard alloy cutter used in the step 2) is a cutter after sharpening, and the rear angle alpha 0 of the cutter is ground into 7-9 degrees, so that the cutter is convenient to bear large cutting force and is beneficial to reducing friction.
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