CN110509016B - Manufacturing process of ultra-fine hard alloy milling cutter - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of ultra-fine hard alloy milling cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110509016B CN110509016B CN201910794379.0A CN201910794379A CN110509016B CN 110509016 B CN110509016 B CN 110509016B CN 201910794379 A CN201910794379 A CN 201910794379A CN 110509016 B CN110509016 B CN 110509016B
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- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
- B23P15/34—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools milling cutters
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cutter manufacturing, and discloses a manufacturing process of an ultra-fine hard alloy milling cutter, which comprises the following processing steps: (1) manufacturing a hard alloy blank, (2) electric spark cutting processing, (3) liquid nitrogen cooling treatment, (4) honing an inner hole, (5) grinding the inner hole, (6) grinding the end face, the boss and the outer circle of the edge part, (7) linearly cutting a key groove, (8) grinding a chip groove and a front edge face, and (9) grinding a tooth shape; the milling cutter is characterized in that a rough grinding step and an accurate grinding step are arranged in the end face grinding, boss and edge part excircle grinding step, the chip groove grinding and front edge face grinding step and the tooth profile grinding step, a low-temperature stress relief treatment step is arranged between the rough grinding step and the accurate grinding step, and the low-temperature stress relief treatment is to place the milling cutter in a low-temperature relief oil furnace and perform relief treatment at set heating temperature and heat preservation time. The invention realizes the high-precision, high-efficiency and high-durability milling of the small-modulus milling cutter on the worm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutter manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing process of an ultra-fine hard alloy milling cutter.
Background
The worm and gear transmission and steering gear transmission system has high efficiency, compact structure, reliable operation and long service life in a mechanical transmission structure, and has more outstanding effect in a closed transmission structure. The high-quality material is subjected to good heat treatment, the gear teeth breakage, tooth surface abrasion, pitting corrosion, gluing and deformation of the high-quality material are improved in a good working condition and a lubricating environment, and particularly, the worm machined by the high-precision milling cutter with edge trimming and shape trimming has good effects of prolonging the service life and improving the transmission stability. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward on the edge trimming, the shape trimming and the refining of the tooth form of the milling cutter, and the edge trimming and shape trimming milling cutter is one of the times of the current milling cutter.
Along with the development of the mechanical industry, the improvement of the automation degree, the continuous evolution and the wide application of the intelligent technology and the modern products of the era bring the fineness of parts, the compound of functions, the precision of movement and the modernization of modeling.
The modern development of the time is advanced, the technology is developed, the new cutting technology of high-end equipment is upgraded, and the production mode of high efficiency, high speed, high precision, high durability and environment protection is the development direction of the modern time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a manufacturing process of an ultra-fine hard alloy milling cutter, which realizes the milling of a small-modulus milling cutter with high precision, high efficiency and high durability on a worm. Wherein, the ultramicro means that the modulus of the milling cutter is in the range of 0.25-2.5 m, the circle-dividing diameter Dcp of the milling cutter is phi 30-118 mm, and the total thickness L is 5-16 mm.
In order to achieve the above object, the specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a manufacturing process of an ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter comprises the following process steps:
(1) manufacturing a hard alloy blank: preparing a hard alloy powder raw material, and preparing a hard alloy blank through press forming and vacuum high-temperature sintering;
(2) electric spark cutting machining: firstly, carrying out electric spark perforation on a milling cutter by adopting an electric pulse machine tool, then carrying out linear cutting semi-finish machining on an inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a slow-speed wire cutting machine tool, and then carrying out linear cutting rough machining on a chip pocket of the milling cutter by taking the inner hole as a reference;
(3) liquid nitrogen cooling treatment: placing the milling cutter in a liquid nitrogen cooling box for low-temperature aging treatment below-185 ℃ to shape the internal structure of the material so as to improve the dimensional stability of the milling cutter;
(4) honing an inner hole: honing an inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a honing machine and a honing tool;
(5) grinding an inner hole: grinding the inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a grinder and a grinding tool;
(6) grinding the end face, the boss and the outer circle of the blade part: adopting a numerical control cylindrical grinder, positioning an inner hole of the milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and grinding two end surfaces, an outer circle of a pillow block and an outer circle of a blade part of the milling cutter;
(7) cutting a key slot by a wire;
(8) chip groove and front edge face grinding: adopting a numerical control tool grinder, positioning an inner hole of a milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and grinding a chip pocket and a front edge face of the milling cutter by using a diamond grinding wheel mirror surface;
(9) grinding tooth shapes: adopting a numerical control hob grinder or a numerical control tool grinder, positioning an inner hole of a milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and carrying out tooth-shaped relief grinding or molded line point grinding by using a diamond grinding wheel to form a back angle and form a cutting edge with a front edge face;
the milling cutter is characterized in that a rough grinding step and an accurate grinding step are arranged in the end face grinding, boss and edge part excircle grinding step, the chip groove grinding and front edge face grinding step and the tooth profile grinding step, a low-temperature stress relief treatment step is arranged between the rough grinding step and the accurate grinding step, and the low-temperature stress relief treatment is to place the milling cutter in a low-temperature relief oil furnace and perform relief treatment at set heating temperature and heat preservation time.
In the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment process, the set heating temperature is 150-160 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours.
In the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter, liquid nitrogen cooling treatment below-185 ℃ is arranged after the rough machining by wire cutting, so that the internal structure of the material can be shaped, and the stability of the subsequent machining size is improved; the inner hole finish machining of the milling cutter adopts honing and grinding combined machining, so that the precision of the inner hole is improved on one hand, the precision of the inner hole can stably reach H4 level and the cylindricity of the inner hole is less than 0.002mm, on the other hand, the defect that the inner hole made of hard alloy materials is cracked when being ground due to uneven allowance in the traditional inner hole grinding machining process is overcome, and the rejection rate is reduced. In addition, the milling cutter tooth form is formed by relief grinding on a numerical control hob grinding machine or point grinding on an ultra-precise numerical control tool grinding machine by using a profile line method, the precision is high, and the profile line method point grinding also solves the problem of high-precision processing of the small-modulus milling cutter tooth form which cannot be solved by the conventional process.
As a further improvement, in the chip groove and front edge surface grinding process and the tooth shape grinding process, the diamond grinding wheel is corrected by an online and offline combined grinding wheel finishing method, and the online and offline combined grinding wheel finishing method sequentially comprises grinding wheel offline rough finishing and grinding wheel online fine finishing; the off-line rough grinding of the grinding wheel is to transfer the diamond grinding wheel from the grinding machine to another special grinding wheel finishing machine for rough grinding of the grinding wheel, and the on-line fine grinding of the grinding wheel is to re-mount the off-line rough grinding wheel to the grinding machine for fine grinding of the grinding wheel; and the tool handles for clamping the grinding wheel used in the offline rough trimming and the online fine trimming are the same grinding wheel tool handle.
Preferably, the grinding wheel tool shank is an HSK tool shank which meets the ISO12164 standard.
The method for dressing the grinding wheel by combining the line inside and the line outside for the diamond grinding wheel is used for dressing the grinding wheel, the high efficiency advantage of a special grinding wheel dressing machine tool is combined with the high precision dressing advantage of a grinding machine body, on one hand, the processing efficiency is greatly improved, on the other hand, the precision of grinding wheel dressing is fully ensured, wherein the same pair of grinding wheel tool handles are adopted for clamping the diamond grinding wheel in the off-line rough dressing and the on-line fine dressing, the mutual synergistic effect of the off-line rough dressing and the on-line fine dressing is further enhanced, and therefore the high efficiency and the high precision of grinding wheel dressing are realized.
As a preferred scheme of the mandrel fixture in the invention, the mandrel fixture in the working procedures of grinding the end face, the pillow block and the outer circle of the blade part is a taper mandrel or a hydraulic mandrel; the mandrel fixture in the chip groove and front edge surface grinding process and the tooth shape grinding process is a cylindrical mandrel fixture with a nut lock.
Preferably, the taper mandrel is a 1:20000 taper mandrel.
As a preferable scheme, the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter is further provided with a detection process and a coating process after the grinding tooth shape; the detection process comprises the steps of positioning a milling cutter by a mandrel, placing the milling cutter between two apexes of a Clinberg numerical control detector, detecting the tooth pitch, the spiral line and the front edge face radial property of the milling cutter, the axial parallelism and the tooth thickness by using a 3D measuring head, and detecting the trimming edge, the trimming shape, the tooth shape and the groove bottom arc of the milling cutter at a detection center of the Zhuole intelligent optical cutter; the coating process is to place the milling cutter into a coating furnace for coating according to the coating operation process after the milling cutter is subjected to pre-coating treatment, wherein the thickness of the coating is 2-3 mu m.
Wherein, for the milling cutter with the arc at the bottom of the groove being less than or equal to R0.15mm, an ultraprecise numerical control tool grinder and a contour method point grinding are selected in the step of grinding the tooth shape, so that the arc at the bottom of the tooth-shaped groove is controlled to be R0.1-R0.15mm and a reasonable clearance angle is obtained; wherein, the diamond grinding wheel is dressed by adopting a method of dressing the grinding wheel by combining an inner line and an outer line.
The ultra-precise micro milling cutter with small modulus is prepared by selecting an ultra-precise numerical control tool grinding machine, using an ultra-precise diamond roller (disc) to carry out off-line and on-line trimming on a diamond grinding wheel, then using a profile line method to carry out point grinding to obtain an ideal tooth form of the milling cutter, wherein the circular arc at the bottom of the tooth form groove can be controlled within R0.1-R0.15mm, and a reasonable back angle can be obtained, so that the ultra-precise micro milling cutter with small modulus obtains satisfactory cutting performance.
As a further improvement, the low-temperature aging oil furnace of the manufacturing process of the ultrafine cemented carbide milling cutter is an ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace, and the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace comprises a cylinder furnace body, a furnace body cover plate arranged at the upper end of the cylinder furnace body, a liquid oil heating pipe arranged in the cylinder furnace body, an object stage which is horizontally arranged in the cylinder furnace body and can float up and down for placing a plurality of milling cutters in a stacking manner, and an ultrasonic vibration device connected with the object stage, wherein the ultrasonic vibration device comprises an ultrasonic vibration head arranged at the lower end of the object stage, and an ultrasonic generator connected with the ultrasonic vibration head.
The ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace is adopted for removing the grinding stress, the composite stress removing function of low-temperature aging stress removing and ultrasonic vibration stress removing is achieved, and through the synergistic effect of the two functions, on one hand, the stress removing thoroughness can be greatly improved, on the other hand, the stress removing efficiency is also greatly improved, so that the stress removing time of the milling cutter is greatly shortened, and the manufacturing period of the milling cutter is greatly shortened.
Preferably, the lower extreme of objective table is connected with the corrugated metal pipe that downwardly extending set up, just corrugated metal pipe's lower extreme with the bottom of cylinder furnace body is connected and the oil-free space of the inside liquid oil of cylinder furnace body is separated in corrugated metal pipe's inside formation, the ultrasonic vibration head is located in the oil-free space, the objective table passes through corrugated metal pipe realizes the unsteady from top to bottom in the cylinder furnace body.
Preferably, the lower end of the objective table is further provided with a support frame, an electric push rod is vertically arranged between the support frame and the bottom of the cylindrical furnace body, a flexible rubber buffer block is connected to a telescopic head of the electric push rod, and the electric push rod upwards props against the support frame through the flexible rubber buffer block; and a plurality of limiting stop levers for limiting the milling cutter are arranged at the periphery of the upper end surface of the objective table.
When the ultrasonic enhancement type low-temperature aging oil furnace works, the milling cutter of the ultrasonic enhancement type low-temperature aging oil furnace is stacked on the objective table, the milling cutter and the objective table are immersed in low-heat liquid oil together, the objective table generates ultrasonic vibration under the action of the ultrasonic vibration device, and the grinding stress on the surface of the milling cutter is released in an accelerating mode through the synergistic effect of the destressing of the low-heat liquid oil and the destressing of the ultrasonic vibration, so that the destressing aging effect is good, and the speed is high.
The electric push rod is arranged below the objective table of the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace, so that when a workpiece is placed and taken, the objective table can be lifted through the electric push rod, and operation is facilitated.
Preferably, the ultrasonic vibration head of the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace is installed and connected at the lower end of the object stage according to one of the following three ways: one of the mounting and connecting modes is that the ultrasonic vibration head is mounted on the end face of the lower end of the objective table; the second mounting connection mode is that the ultrasonic vibration head is mounted on a support frame at the lower end of the objective table; and the third mounting connection mode is that the ultrasonic vibration head is mounted between the support frame at the lower end of the objective table and the flexible rubber buffer block.
In the invention, the ultrasonic vibration head comprises an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer connected to the ultrasonic transducer, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the ultrasonic generator.
Preferably, in the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment process, when the milling cutter is aged by using the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace, the heating temperature of the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment is set to be 150-160 ℃, and the time of the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment is set to be shortened to be 4-6 hours.
In the invention, a temperature controller is arranged in a cylinder furnace body of the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace.
In the invention, the lower end of the oil-free space part positioned in the metal corrugated pipe is communicated with the outside air (the bottom of the cylindrical furnace body is provided with the communicating hole) so as to reduce the working temperature of the ultrasonic vibration head and the electric push rod and improve the working reliability of the ultrasonic vibration head and the electric push rod.
Preferably, in order to improve the precision of the rough machining of the milling cutter, a surface grinding machine can be used for performing pre-grinding machining on one end surface of the hard alloy blank to form a reference for subsequent rough machining before the electric spark cutting machining.
Preferably, an inner hole chamfering process can be arranged before honing the inner hole, so that a tool withdrawal space for subsequent end face grinding is formed, and the design of the mandrel clamp is simplified.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the manufacturing process of the ultrafine hard alloy milling cutter disclosed by the invention has the advantages that liquid nitrogen cooling treatment below-185 ℃ is arranged after linear cutting rough machining, so that the internal structure of a material can be shaped, and the stability of the subsequent machining dimension is improved; the inner hole finish machining of the milling cutter adopts honing and grinding combined machining, so that the precision of the inner hole is improved on one hand, the precision of the inner hole can stably reach H4 level and the cylindricity of the inner hole is less than 0.002mm, on the other hand, the defect that the inner hole made of hard alloy materials is cracked when being ground due to uneven allowance in the traditional inner hole grinding machining process is overcome, and the rejection rate is reduced. In addition, the milling cutter tooth form is formed by relief grinding on a numerical control hob grinding machine or point grinding on an ultra-precise numerical control tool grinding machine by using a profile line method, the precision is high, and the profile line method point grinding also solves the problem of high-precision processing of the small-modulus milling cutter tooth form which cannot be solved by the conventional process.
Secondly, according to the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter, the diamond grinding wheel is corrected by a method of trimming the grinding wheel by combining the high efficiency advantage of a special grinding wheel trimming machine tool with the high precision trimming advantage of a grinding machine body, so that the processing efficiency is greatly improved on one hand, and the trimming precision of the grinding wheel is fully ensured on the other hand, wherein the same pair of grinding wheel tool shanks are adopted in the offline rough trimming and the online fine trimming of the clamping of the diamond grinding wheel, and the mutual synergistic effect of the offline rough trimming and the online fine trimming is further enhanced, so that the high efficiency and the high precision of the grinding wheel trimming are realized.
Thirdly, the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine hard alloy milling cutter selects an ultra-fine numerical control tool grinding machine for the ultra-fine micro milling cutter with small modulus, utilizes an ultra-fine diamond roller (disc) to carry out off-line and on-line trimming on a diamond grinding wheel, and then uses a profile line method to carry out point grinding to obtain the ideal tooth form of the milling cutter, wherein the circular arc at the bottom of the tooth form groove can be controlled within R0.1-R0.15mm, and a reasonable clearance angle can be obtained, so that the ultra-fine micro milling cutter with small modulus obtains satisfactory cutting performance.
Fourthly, the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter of the invention adopts the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace for removing the grinding stress, has the composite stress removing function of low-temperature aging stress removal and ultrasonic vibration stress removal, and can greatly improve the completeness of the stress removal on one hand and greatly improve the efficiency of the stress removal on the other hand through the synergistic effect of the two functions, so that the time for removing the stress of the milling cutter is greatly shortened, and the manufacturing period of the milling cutter is greatly shortened.
Fifth, according to the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter, when the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace works, the milling cutter is stacked on the objective table, the milling cutter and the objective table are immersed in the low-heat liquid oil together, meanwhile, the objective table generates ultrasonic vibration under the action of the ultrasonic vibration device, and through the synergistic effect of stress removal of the low-heat liquid oil and stress removal of the ultrasonic vibration, the grinding stress on the surface of the milling cutter is released in an accelerated manner, and the stress removal aging effect is good and the speed is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a manufacturing process of an ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of a milling cutter blank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the milling cutter after spark cutting;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the end face of the milling cutter and the accuracy index of the pillow block after machining;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of mirror grinding of the front facet of the milling cutter using the front flat surface of the diamond grinding wheel;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of mirror grinding of the front edge face of a milling cutter using the conical surface of a diamond grinding wheel;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a milling cutter with a modulus of 0.25mm or more, in which the tooth profile is relief-ground on a numerically controlled hob grinder or an ultra-precise numerically controlled tool grinder;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a milling cutter with a modulus of 0.25-0.5 mm, wherein the tooth profile is subjected to edge trimming and shape trimming, and the tooth profile groove bottom arc (R is less than 0.15mm) is subjected to point grinding processing by a molded line method on an ultra-precise numerical control tool grinder;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace.
In the figure: 1. the cylinder furnace body, 2, furnace body apron, 3, liquid oil heating pipe, 4, milling cutter, 5, objective table, 6, ultrasonic vibration device, 7, ultrasonic vibration head, 8, supersonic generator, 9, corrugated metal pipe, 10, oil-free space, 11, support frame, 12, electric putter, 13, flexible rubber buffer block, 14, spacing pin, 15, ultrasonic transducer, 16, ultrasonic amplitude transformer, 17, temperature controller, 18, liquid oil, 19, backup pad.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1:
fig. 1 to 9 show an embodiment of a manufacturing process of an ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter according to the present invention, which includes the following process steps:
(1) manufacturing a hard alloy blank: preparing a hard alloy powder raw material, and preparing a hard alloy blank through press forming and vacuum high-temperature sintering;
(2) electric spark cutting machining: firstly, carrying out electric spark perforation on a milling cutter by adopting an electric pulse machine tool, then carrying out linear cutting semi-finish machining on an inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a slow-speed wire cutting machine tool, and then carrying out linear cutting rough machining on a chip pocket of the milling cutter by taking the inner hole as a reference;
(3) liquid nitrogen cooling treatment: placing the milling cutter in a liquid nitrogen cooling box for low-temperature aging treatment below-185 ℃ to shape the internal structure of the material so as to improve the dimensional stability of the milling cutter;
(4) honing an inner hole: honing an inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a honing machine and a honing tool;
(5) grinding an inner hole: grinding the inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a grinder and a grinding tool;
(6) grinding the end face, the boss and the outer circle of the blade part: adopting a numerical control cylindrical grinder, positioning an inner hole of the milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and grinding two end surfaces, an outer circle of a pillow block and an outer circle of a blade part of the milling cutter;
(7) cutting a key slot by a wire;
(8) chip groove and front edge face grinding: adopting a numerical control tool grinder, positioning an inner hole of a milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and grinding a chip pocket and a front edge face of the milling cutter by using a diamond grinding wheel mirror surface;
(9) grinding tooth shapes: adopting a numerical control hob grinder or a numerical control tool grinder, positioning an inner hole of a milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and carrying out tooth-shaped relief grinding or molded line point grinding by using a diamond grinding wheel to form a back angle and form a cutting edge with a front edge face;
the milling cutter is characterized in that a rough grinding step and an accurate grinding step are arranged in the end face grinding, boss and edge part excircle grinding step, the chip groove grinding and front edge face grinding step and the tooth profile grinding step, a low-temperature stress relief treatment step is arranged between the rough grinding step and the accurate grinding step, and the low-temperature stress relief treatment is to place the milling cutter in a low-temperature relief oil furnace and perform relief treatment at set heating temperature and heat preservation time.
In the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment process, the set heating temperature is 150-160 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours.
In the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter, liquid nitrogen cooling treatment below-185 ℃ is arranged after the rough machining by wire cutting, so that the internal structure of the material can be shaped, and the stability of the subsequent machining size is improved; the inner hole finish machining of the milling cutter adopts honing and grinding combined machining, so that the precision of the inner hole is improved on one hand, the precision of the inner hole can stably reach H4 level and the cylindricity of the inner hole is less than 0.002mm, on the other hand, the defect that the inner hole made of hard alloy materials is cracked when being ground due to uneven allowance in the traditional inner hole grinding machining process is overcome, and the rejection rate is reduced. In addition, the milling cutter tooth form is formed by relief grinding on a numerical control hob grinding machine or point grinding on an ultra-precise numerical control tool grinding machine by using a profile line method, the precision is high, and the profile line method point grinding also solves the problem of high-precision processing of the small-modulus milling cutter tooth form which cannot be solved by the conventional process.
As a further improvement, in the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter of the embodiment, in the chip flute and front blade face grinding process and the tooth grinding process, an online and offline combined grinding wheel dressing method is adopted for dressing the diamond grinding wheel, and the online and offline combined grinding wheel dressing method sequentially comprises grinding wheel offline rough dressing and grinding wheel online fine dressing; the off-line rough grinding of the grinding wheel is to transfer the diamond grinding wheel from the grinding machine to another special grinding wheel finishing machine for rough grinding of the grinding wheel, and the on-line fine grinding of the grinding wheel is to re-mount the off-line rough grinding wheel to the grinding machine for fine grinding of the grinding wheel; and the tool handles for clamping the grinding wheel used in the offline rough trimming and the online fine trimming are the same grinding wheel tool handle.
Preferably, the grinding wheel tool shank is an HSK tool shank which meets the ISO12164 standard.
The method for dressing the grinding wheel by combining the line inside and the line outside for the diamond grinding wheel is used for dressing the grinding wheel, the high efficiency advantage of a special grinding wheel dressing machine tool is combined with the high precision dressing advantage of a grinding machine body, on one hand, the processing efficiency is greatly improved, on the other hand, the precision of grinding wheel dressing is fully ensured, wherein the same pair of grinding wheel tool handles are adopted for clamping the diamond grinding wheel in the off-line rough dressing and the on-line fine dressing, the mutual synergistic effect of the off-line rough dressing and the on-line fine dressing is further enhanced, and therefore the high efficiency and the high precision of grinding wheel dressing are realized.
As a preferable scheme of the mandrel fixture in the embodiment, the mandrel fixture in the working procedures of grinding the end face, the pillow block and the outer circle of the blade part is a taper mandrel or a hydraulic mandrel; the mandrel fixture in the chip groove and front edge surface grinding process and the tooth shape grinding process is a cylindrical mandrel fixture with a nut lock.
Preferably, the taper mandrel is a 1:20000 taper mandrel.
As a preferable scheme, the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter of the embodiment is further provided with a detection process and a coating process after the grinding tooth shape; the detection process comprises the steps of positioning a milling cutter by a mandrel, placing the milling cutter between two apexes of a Clinberg numerical control detector, detecting the tooth pitch, the spiral line and the front edge face radial property of the milling cutter, the axial parallelism and the tooth thickness by using a 3D measuring head, and detecting the trimming edge, the trimming shape, the tooth shape and the groove bottom arc of the milling cutter at a detection center of the Zhuole intelligent optical cutter; the coating process is to place the milling cutter into a coating furnace for coating according to the coating operation process after the milling cutter is subjected to pre-coating treatment, wherein the thickness of the coating is 2-3 mu m.
Wherein, for the milling cutter with the arc at the bottom of the groove being less than or equal to R0.15mm, an ultraprecise numerical control tool grinder and a contour method point grinding are selected in the step of grinding the tooth shape, so that the arc at the bottom of the tooth-shaped groove is controlled to be R0.1-R0.15mm and a reasonable clearance angle is obtained; wherein, the diamond grinding wheel is dressed by adopting a method of dressing the grinding wheel by combining an inner line and an outer line.
The ultra-precise micro milling cutter with small modulus is prepared by selecting an ultra-precise numerical control tool grinding machine, using an ultra-precise diamond roller (disc) to carry out off-line and on-line trimming on a diamond grinding wheel, then using a profile line method to carry out point grinding to obtain an ideal tooth form of the milling cutter, wherein the circular arc at the bottom of the tooth form groove can be controlled within R0.1-R0.15mm, and a reasonable back angle can be obtained, so that the ultra-precise micro milling cutter with small modulus obtains satisfactory cutting performance.
As a further improvement, the low-temperature aging oil furnace of the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter of the embodiment is an ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace, the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace includes a cylinder furnace body 1, a furnace body cover plate 2 arranged at the upper end of the cylinder furnace body 1, a liquid oil heating pipe 3 arranged in the cylinder furnace body 1, a carrier 5 which is horizontally arranged in the cylinder furnace body 1 and can vertically float and is used for vertically stacking a plurality of milling cutters 4, and an ultrasonic vibration device 6 connected with the carrier 5, wherein the ultrasonic vibration device 6 includes an ultrasonic vibration head 7 arranged at the lower end of the carrier 5 and an ultrasonic generator 8 connected with the ultrasonic vibration head 7.
The ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace is adopted for removing the grinding stress, the composite stress removing function of low-temperature aging stress removing and ultrasonic vibration stress removing is achieved, and through the synergistic effect of the two functions, on one hand, the stress removing thoroughness can be greatly improved, on the other hand, the stress removing efficiency is also greatly improved, so that the stress removing time of the milling cutter is greatly shortened, and the manufacturing period of the milling cutter is greatly shortened.
It is preferred. The lower extreme of objective table 5 is connected with corrugated metal pipe 9 that downwardly extending set up, just corrugated metal pipe 9's lower extreme with the bottom of cylinder furnace body 1 is connected and the inside of corrugated metal pipe 9 forms the oil-free space that separates the inside liquid oil 18 of cylinder furnace body 1, ultrasonic vibration head 7 is located in oil-free space 18, objective table 5 passes through corrugated metal pipe 9 realizes the unsteady from top to bottom in the cylinder furnace body 1.
Preferably, a support frame 11 is further arranged at the lower end of the objective table 5, an electric push rod 12 is vertically arranged between the support frame 11 and the bottom of the cylindrical furnace body 1, a flexible rubber buffer block 13 is connected to a telescopic head of the electric push rod 12, and the electric push rod 12 upwards props against the support frame 11 through the flexible rubber buffer block 13; and a plurality of limiting stop levers 14 for limiting the milling cutter 4 are arranged at the periphery of the upper end surface of the object stage 5.
When the ultrasonic enhancement type low-temperature aging oil furnace works, the milling cutter 4 is stacked on the objective table 5, the milling cutter 4 and the objective table 5 are immersed in the low-heat liquid oil 18 together, meanwhile, the objective table 5 generates ultrasonic vibration under the effect of the ultrasonic vibration device 6, and through the synergistic effect of the destressing of the low-heat liquid oil 18 and the destressing of the ultrasonic vibration, the grinding stress on the surface of the milling cutter 4 can be released in an accelerating mode, and the destressing aging effect is good and the speed is high.
The ultrasonic enhancement type low-temperature aging oil furnace of the embodiment is provided with the electric push rod 12 below the object stage 5, and when a workpiece is placed and taken, the object stage 5 can be lifted through the electric push rod 12, so that the operation is facilitated.
Preferably, the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace in the embodiment has the ultrasonic vibration head 7 installed and connected at the lower end of the object stage 5 according to one of the following three ways: one of the mounting and connecting modes is that the ultrasonic vibration head 7 is mounted on the end face of the lower end of the objective table 5; the second mounting connection mode is that the ultrasonic vibration head 7 is mounted on a support frame 11 at the lower end of the objective table 5; the third installation connection mode is that the ultrasonic vibration head 7 is installed between the support frame 11 at the lower end of the objective table 5 and the flexible rubber buffer block 13.
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration head 7 includes an ultrasonic transducer 15 and an ultrasonic horn 16 connected to the ultrasonic transducer 15, wherein the ultrasonic transducer 15 is connected to the ultrasonic generator 8.
In the low-temperature stress relief and aging treatment process, the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace is adopted to perform aging treatment on the milling cutter, the heating temperature of the low-temperature aging treatment is set to be 150-160 ℃, and the time of the low-temperature aging treatment is set to be 2-4 hours.
In the embodiment, a temperature controller 17 is arranged in the cylinder furnace body 1 of the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace.
In this embodiment, the lower end of the oil-free space 10 inside the corrugated metal pipe 9 is communicated with the outside air (the communicating hole is formed at the bottom of the cylindrical furnace body 1) to lower the working temperature of the ultrasonic vibration head 7 and the electric push rod 12, and improve the working reliability thereof.
Preferably, in order to improve the precision of the rough machining of the milling cutter, a surface grinding machine can be used for performing pre-grinding machining on one end surface of the hard alloy blank to form a reference for subsequent rough machining before the electric spark cutting machining.
Preferably, an inner hole chamfering process can be arranged before honing the inner hole, so that a tool withdrawal space for subsequent end face grinding is formed, and the design of the mandrel clamp is simplified.
Example 2:
for the small-modulus ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter (modulus 0.5mm) manufactured by using the manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter in the embodiment 1, a clinbecg P26C numerical control detector and a zhuole G3 type intelligent optical cutter detection center are used for precision detection, and the precision grade standard of the precision detection meets the requirement of internal control precision of our company. The detection results are as follows:
the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The manufacturing process of the ultra-fine hard alloy milling cutter is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
(1) manufacturing a hard alloy blank: preparing a hard alloy powder raw material, and preparing a hard alloy blank through press forming and vacuum high-temperature sintering;
(2) electric spark cutting machining: firstly, carrying out electric spark perforation on a milling cutter by adopting an electric pulse machine tool, then carrying out linear cutting semi-finish machining on an inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a slow-speed wire cutting machine tool, and then carrying out linear cutting rough machining on a chip pocket of the milling cutter by taking the inner hole as a reference;
(3) liquid nitrogen cooling treatment: placing the milling cutter in a liquid nitrogen cooling box for low-temperature aging treatment below-185 ℃ to shape the internal structure of the material so as to improve the dimensional stability of the milling cutter;
(4) honing an inner hole: honing an inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a honing machine and a honing tool;
(5) grinding an inner hole: grinding the inner hole of the milling cutter by adopting a grinder and a grinding tool;
(6) grinding the end face, the boss and the outer circle of the blade part: adopting a numerical control cylindrical grinder, positioning an inner hole of the milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and grinding two end surfaces, an outer circle of a pillow block and an outer circle of a blade part of the milling cutter;
(7) cutting a key slot by a wire;
(8) chip groove and front edge face grinding: adopting a numerical control tool grinder, positioning an inner hole of a milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and grinding a chip pocket and a front edge face of the milling cutter by using a diamond grinding wheel mirror surface;
(9) grinding tooth shapes: adopting a numerical control hob grinder or a numerical control tool grinder, positioning an inner hole of a milling cutter by using a mandrel clamp, and carrying out tooth-shaped relief grinding or molded line point grinding by using a diamond grinding wheel to form a back angle and form a cutting edge with a front edge face;
the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment method comprises the steps of grinding the outer circle of the end face, the outer circle of the pillow block and the edge part, grinding the chip pocket and the front edge face, and grinding the tooth shape, wherein a coarse grinding step and a fine grinding step are arranged in the end face grinding step, the pillow block and the edge part, and a low-temperature stress relief aging treatment step is arranged between the coarse grinding step and the fine grinding step, and is to place a milling cutter in a low-temperature aging oil furnace and perform aging treatment at set heating temperature and heat preservation time;
in the chip groove and front edge face grinding process and the tooth shape grinding process, the diamond grinding wheel is corrected by an online and offline combined grinding wheel finishing method, and the online and offline combined grinding wheel finishing method sequentially comprises grinding wheel offline rough finishing and grinding wheel online fine finishing; the off-line rough grinding of the grinding wheel is to transfer the diamond grinding wheel from the grinding machine to another special grinding wheel finishing machine for rough grinding of the grinding wheel, and the on-line fine grinding of the grinding wheel is to re-mount the off-line rough grinding wheel to the grinding machine for fine grinding of the grinding wheel; in addition, the tool handles for clamping the grinding wheel used in the offline rough trimming and the online fine trimming are the same grinding wheel tool handle;
the low-temperature aging oil furnace is an ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace, the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace comprises a cylinder furnace body, a furnace body cover plate arranged at the upper end of the cylinder furnace body, a liquid oil heating pipe arranged in the cylinder furnace body, an object stage which is horizontally arranged in the cylinder furnace body and can float up and down for placing a plurality of milling cutters in an up-and-down laminated manner, and an ultrasonic vibration device connected with the object stage, wherein the ultrasonic vibration device comprises an ultrasonic vibration head arranged at the lower end of the object stage and an ultrasonic generator connected with the ultrasonic vibration head;
the lower end of the objective table is connected with a metal corrugated pipe which extends downwards, the lower end of the metal corrugated pipe is connected with the bottom of the cylinder type furnace body, an oil-free space for separating liquid oil in the cylinder type furnace body is formed in the metal corrugated pipe, the ultrasonic vibration head is positioned in the oil-free space, and the objective table is floated up and down in the cylinder type furnace body through the metal corrugated pipe;
the lower end of the objective table is also provided with a support frame, an electric push rod is vertically arranged between the support frame and the bottom of the cylindrical furnace body, a flexible rubber buffer block is connected to a telescopic head of the electric push rod, and the electric push rod upwards props against the support frame through the flexible rubber buffer block; and a plurality of limiting stop levers for limiting the milling cutter are arranged at the periphery of the upper end surface of the objective table.
2. The process for manufacturing the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein in the low temperature stress relief aging treatment step, the heating temperature is set to 150 ℃ to 160 ℃ and the holding time is 12 hours.
3. The manufacturing process of the ultrafine cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein the mandrel fixture in the working procedures of grinding the outer circles of the end face, the pillow block and the blade part is a taper mandrel or a hydraulic mandrel; the mandrel fixture in the chip groove and front edge surface grinding process and the tooth shape grinding process is a cylindrical mandrel fixture with a nut lock.
4. The manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein a detection process and a coating process are further provided after the grinding tooth shape; the detection process comprises the steps of positioning a milling cutter by a mandrel, placing the milling cutter between two apexes of a Clinberg numerical control detector, detecting the tooth pitch, the spiral line and the front edge face radial property of the milling cutter, the axial parallelism and the tooth thickness by using a 3D measuring head, and detecting the trimming edge, the trimming shape, the tooth shape and the groove bottom arc of the milling cutter at a detection center of the Zhuole intelligent optical cutter; the coating process is to place the milling cutter into a coating furnace for coating according to the coating operation process after the milling cutter is subjected to pre-coating treatment, wherein the thickness of the coating is 2-3 mu m.
5. The manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the milling cutter with the groove bottom arc not more than R0.15mm, the tooth grinding process is performed by selecting an ultra-precise numerical control tool grinder and a type line method point grinding, so that the tooth bottom arc is controlled to be R0.1-R0.15mm and a reasonable clearance angle is obtained; wherein, the diamond grinding wheel is dressed by adopting a method of dressing the grinding wheel by combining an inner line and an outer line.
6. The manufacturing process of the ultra-fine cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein in the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment step, when the milling cutter is aged by using the ultrasonic enhanced low-temperature aging oil furnace, the heating temperature of the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment is set to 150 ℃ to 160 ℃, and the time of the low-temperature stress relief aging treatment is set to be 4 to 6 hours.
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| CN111497035A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-08-07 | 广东工业大学 | PCD cutter for realizing milling instead of grinding, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114029491B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-08-01 | 浙江恒成硬质合金有限公司 | Method for repairing inner hole of hard alloy blank |
| CN114932386B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2023-12-22 | 维克多精密工业技术(苏州)有限责任公司 | High-yield cutter preparation process |
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