CN115647335A - Metal solidification device and method with multi-physical-field coupling effect - Google Patents
Metal solidification device and method with multi-physical-field coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN115647335A CN115647335A CN202211318404.6A CN202211318404A CN115647335A CN 115647335 A CN115647335 A CN 115647335A CN 202211318404 A CN202211318404 A CN 202211318404A CN 115647335 A CN115647335 A CN 115647335A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal solidification device and a method with multi-physical-field coupling effect, which relate to the technical field of metal solidification and comprise a box body, a heating device, a cooling device, a rotating magnetic field generating device and an ultrasonic vibration device, wherein the top of the box body is provided with a box cover, and the box cover is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes; the heating device comprises a heating coil arranged at the bottom of the box body, and a heat transfer through hole is formed in a bottom plate of the box body; the cooling device comprises a cooling air pipe forming a closed loop along the circumferential direction of the box body, and the cooling air pipe is communicated with the box body; the rotating magnetic field generating device comprises a plurality of electromagnetic coils arranged at intervals along the inner wall of the box body, and iron cores are arranged in the electromagnetic coils so as to generate a rotating magnetic field when low-frequency alternating current is introduced into the electromagnetic coils; the ultrasonic vibration device is used for vibrating and stirring the metal melt. The invention enables the metal melt to be cooled, solidified and formed under the coupling action of multiple physical fields, enhances the cooling capacity of the metal melt, can more effectively refine the metal microstructure and realizes the fine grain strengthening with higher strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal solidification, in particular to a metal solidification device and method with multi-physical-field coupling effect.
Background
Fine grain strengthening is an extremely important strengthening method for metal materials, which can not only improve the strength of the materials, but also improve the ductility and toughness of the materials. The following methods are generally adopted by industry to achieve the purpose of fine grain strengthening: increasing the supercooling degree, namely increasing the cooling speed of the liquid metal, for example, replacing a sand mold with a metal mold or a graphite mold, locally adding chilling iron, adopting a water-cooling casting mold and other methods, and reducing the pouring temperature and the pouring speed can also increase the supercooling degree to increase the number of crystal nuclei and achieve the purposes of increasing the supercooling degree and obtaining fine crystal grains; secondly, modification and refinement treatment, namely adding a modifier and a refiner into the liquid metal to promote the formation of a large amount of non-uniform crystal nuclei and optimize the morphology of crystal grains, thereby improving the strength of the material; and thirdly, mechanical vibration or stirring, such as manual stirring, argon blowing stirring, ultrasonic treatment, electromagnetic stirring and the like, promotes the crystal nucleus to be formed in advance by inputting energy externally, also promotes the growing dendritic crystal to be broken, increases the number of the crystal nucleus and achieves the effect of fine crystal strengthening.
However, in the existing industrial production, the above industrial measures for fine grain strengthening are applied more simply and the strengthening effect is often limited by the limitation of equipment. For example, in the aspect of increasing the cooling rate of liquid metal, after the type of the mold is determined, the corresponding cooling rate is generally determined, and even if a metal mold with a higher cooling rate is selected, the cooling capacity is determined only by the metal mold, and additional cooling capacity cannot be obtained from the outside of the mold. In order to ensure the fluidity of the molten metal, the pouring temperature and the pouring speed cannot be decreased to increase the supercooling degree. In the aspect of mechanical vibration or stirring, a single stirring mode such as argon blowing stirring, ultrasonic treatment or electromagnetic stirring is often adopted industrially, and composite stirring is hardly adopted, and the mechanical vibration or stirring is often a melt pretreatment, namely, a melt in a crucible is subjected to vibration or stirring treatment before casting, and after the treatment is finished, the melt is poured into a mold to be cooled and solidified for molding. The molten liquid is not subjected to vibration or stirring action in the cooling solidification process in the die.
For example, CN1702188A discloses a method and a special apparatus for preparing a nanocrystalline ingot by treating a metal melt with a magnetic field and ultrasonic waves in a combined manner, in which a molten metal is cooled, solidified and formed in a crucible to obtain a nanocrystalline ingot; the cooling water jacket is cooled by cooling water, so that the cooling effect is exerted on the bottom of the crucible, namely, the cooling effect is only exerted on one surface, and other parts of the crucible are not subjected to the cooling effect. CN108436062A discloses a method for refining a metal solidification structure by a magnetic field and vibration combined action, which adopts the combined action of high-frequency mechanical vibration and electromagnetic stirring to refine the metal solidification structure and does not relate to ultrasonic treatment; and the mould drying and supercooling solidification device has no functions of heating, cooling and editing a specific temperature control curve, and cannot realize corresponding mould drying, supercooling solidification and solidification control under the specific temperature curve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a metal solidification device and a method with multi-physical-field coupling effect, so that a metal melt can be cooled, solidified and formed under the multi-physical-field coupling effect, the cooling capacity of a molten metal is enhanced, a metal microstructure can be more effectively refined, and the fine grain strengthening with higher strength is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-physical field coupling metal solidification apparatus, comprising:
the box body is provided with a box cover at the top, and the box cover is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes;
the heating device comprises a heating coil arranged at the bottom of the box body, and a bottom plate of the box body is provided with a heat transfer through hole;
the cooling device comprises a cooling air pipe forming a closed loop along the circumferential direction of the box body, and the cooling air pipe is communicated with the box body and used for placing compressed air into the box body;
the rotating magnetic field generating device comprises a plurality of electromagnetic coils arranged at intervals along the inner wall of the box body, and iron cores are arranged in the electromagnetic coils so as to generate a rotating magnetic field when low-frequency alternating current is introduced into the electromagnetic coils;
and the ultrasonic vibration device is used for vibrating and stirring the metal melt contained in the box body.
As a further implementation, the heating coil is connected with a temperature controller; and a thermocouple is also arranged on the inner wall of the box body.
As a further implementation mode, the cooling air pipe is connected with an air compressor, and the air compressor is provided with an electric ball valve.
As a further implementation mode, the ultrasonic vibration device comprises a transducer, an amplitude transformer and a vibrating rod which are sequentially connected, wherein the amplitude transformer and the vibrating rod are coaxially arranged with the box body, and the vibrating rod is arranged in the box body to stir the metal melt;
the transducer is connected with an ultrasonic generator.
As a further implementation mode, the amplitude transformer is connected with a lifting mechanism on one side of the box body through a cantilever.
As a further implementation mode, a casting mold used for containing metal melt is arranged in the box body, and the casting mold adopts non-magnetic materials.
As a further implementation, the casting mold is fixed to the bottom plate of the box body by a casting mold clamping mechanism.
As a further implementation mode, a plurality of lifting mechanisms are installed at the bottom of the box body.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for using a multi-physical-field-coupling metal solidification apparatus, including:
fixing the casting mold on a box body bottom plate, and adjusting the device to a set height;
closing the box cover and opening a heating mode to dry the mold;
after the mold is dried, opening a box cover, casting the metal melt into a casting mold, inserting a vibrating rod of an ultrasonic vibration device into the metal melt, and closing the box cover;
starting an electromagnetic stirring function and an ultrasonic vibration refining function, and keeping the set time for refining the metal melt by using the ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite field;
and starting a cooling function to realize solidification of the metal melt under the combined action of the stirring magnetic field and the ultrasonic vibration until the metal is completely solidified and molded, and stopping electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration.
As a further implementation, the electromagnetic stirring and the ultrasonic vibration refining may also be stopped before the metal is completely solidified.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can dry the die, enhance the cooling capacity of the molten metal and realize the solidification and molding of the molten metal under the refining treatment effect of the ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite field; the ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite field has the advantages of both an ultrasonic field and a magnetic field, shows more excellent treatment effect than a single field, has better refining effect of a solidification structure, has more round crystal grains and improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the metal casting to a higher degree.
(2) The heating device is provided with the corresponding temperature controller, and a temperature rise and preservation curve can be edited, so that a mold drying function can be realized; the casting mold is heated before casting, and an extra oven is not required to be arranged for drying the mold, so that the position of the mold is prevented from moving, and the working efficiency is improved; the cooling device can rapidly take away heat emitted outwards in the metal cooling process of the die in time, so that the cooling capacity of the die is improved, and higher-degree super-cooling casting is realized; meanwhile, the heating device and the cooling device are matched with each other, so that a controllable target temperature control curve can be realized, and a specific cooling purpose is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a metal solidification apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a metal solidification device body of the present invention with a lid open according to one or more embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a metallic solidification device body of the present invention with a lid open, according to one or more embodiments;
fig. 4 isbase:Sub>A sectional viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 3.
The device comprises a metal solidification device body 1, a second cooling air pipe 2, an electric ball valve 3, an air compressor 4, a data line 5, a data line 6, an ultrasonic generator 7, a temperature controller 8, a roller 9, a lifting mechanism 10, a box body 11, a first cooling air pipe 12, an electromagnetic coil 13, an iron core 14, an exhaust hole 15, a box cover 16, a central hole 17, a casting mold 18, a metal melt 19, a vibrating rod 20, a bottom plate 21, a heat transfer through hole 22, a thermocouple 23, a telescopic rod 24, a lifting mechanism 25, an amplitude changing rod 26, a cantilever 27, a transducer 28, a heating coil 29 and a mold clamping mechanism 30.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a metal solidification device with multi-physical-field coupling effect, as shown in fig. 1, the metal solidification device comprises a metal solidification device body 1, an air compressor 4, an ultrasonic generator 7 and a temperature controller 8, wherein the air compressor 4 is used for providing compressed air for the metal solidification device body 1, the ultrasonic generator 7 is connected with an ultrasonic vibration device of the metal solidification device body 1, and the temperature controller 8 is connected with a heating device of the metal solidification device body 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the metal solidification device body 1 includes a box 11, a heating device, a cooling device, a rotating magnetic field generating device, and an ultrasonic vibration device, the shape of the box 11 may be selected according to actual conditions, in this embodiment, in order to form a rotating magnetic field, the box 11 is configured as a cylindrical structure, and a cavity is inside the box 11.
A plurality of lifting mechanisms 10 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the box body 11, and the box body 11 can be integrally lifted through the lifting mechanisms 10. The bottom of the lifting mechanism 10 may be provided with rollers 9 for moving the metal solidifying device body 1 to a proper position.
A cover 16 is mounted on the top of the case 11, and the cover 16 can be opened or closed. In this embodiment, to facilitate the introduction of the molten metal 19, the lid 16 is provided in two symmetrical parts, each of which is semicircular, and the lid 16 is closed by being brought close to each other and the lid 16 is opened by being moved away from each other.
The two parts of the box cover 16 are hinged, and the hinged part is connected with a telescopic rod 24; the telescopic rod 24 is embedded in the box body 11, or the telescopic rod 24 is arranged at one side of the box body 11, and the lifting of the box cover 16 is realized through the telescopic rod 24. The box cover 16 of the present embodiment has lifting and rotating functions, and is convenient for covering or opening the box body 11 in time when the conditions of furnace baking, pouring, heat preservation, multi-field coupling treatment of molten liquid and the like are required.
The tank cover 16 is provided at the center thereof with a through hole for the horn 26 of the ultrasonic vibration device to pass through. A plurality of exhaust holes 15 are distributed on the box cover 16, high-temperature air generated in the box body 11 can be exhausted through the exhaust holes 15, and the cooling device is matched to quickly bring heat emitted by the casting mould 18 out of the box body 11; the air pressure in the box is ensured to be consistent with the ambient air pressure through the air vent 15. The bottom of the box body 11 is a bottom plate 21, the bottom plate 21 is provided with a plurality of heat transfer through holes 22, and heat of the heating device enters the box body 11 through the heat transfer through holes 22.
The upper side of the bottom plate 21 fixes the casting mold 18 through the mold clamping mechanism 20, and the casting mold 18 is used for containing the metal melt 19. The mold clamping mechanism 20 is implemented by using an existing structure, such as a clamping jaw, as long as the clamping mechanism can clamp and fix the casting mold 18.
In the present embodiment, the heating means includes a heating coil 29, and as shown in fig. 4, the heating coil 29 is disposed on the lower side of the soleplate 21. The heating coil 29 is connected with the temperature controller 8 through the data line 6, and a temperature-rising and heat-preserving curve can be edited, so that the mold is conveniently dried before casting. Or under certain conditions, the temperature of the box 11 is controlled not to be too cold, for example, when silicon steel sheets of a motor or a transformer are cast, larger casting grains are obtained. The inner wall of the box body 11 is provided with a thermocouple 23 which is used for acquiring the temperature in the box body in real time when the mold is dried or the air cooling is started.
The cooling device comprises a first cooling air pipe 12 and a second cooling air pipe 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first cooling air pipe 12 surrounds the outer side of the box body 11, the shape of the first cooling air pipe is adapted to that of the box body 11, namely the first cooling air pipe is an annular structure, and the first cooling air pipe 12 forms a closed loop; and the first cooling air duct 12 is distributed with straight duct sections at intervals, and is communicated with the box body 11 through the straight duct sections.
The second cooling air pipe 2 is connected between the first cooling air pipe 12 and the air compressor 4, and compressed air in the air compressor 4 enters the first cooling air pipe 12 through the second cooling air pipe 2; wherein the air compressor 4 is provided with an electric ball valve 3 to control the opening and closing of the air compressor 4. Compressed air is blown into the box body 11 after passing through the electric ball valve 3 to adjust the air speed, so that the casting mold 18 and the environment in the box are quickly cooled, the extra cooling capacity outside the casting mold 18 is obtained in the solidification process of the metal melt 19, the supercooling degree and the cooling speed in the metal cooling and solidification process are increased, and fine grain structures are obtained.
The rotating magnetic field generating device comprises an electromagnetic coil 13 and an iron core 14, wherein the electromagnetic coil 13 is wound on the outer side of the iron core 14; as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of electromagnetic coils 13 and iron cores 14 are distributed at intervals on the inner wall of the box 11, the iron cores 14 have strong magnetic conductivity and function as a magnetic circuit, and the electromagnetic coils 13 and the iron cores 14 provide an electromagnetic stirring function. The electromagnetic coil 13 of the present embodiment is a three-phase electromagnetic coil, and when a low-frequency alternating current is applied to the three-phase electromagnetic coil, a rotating magnetic field is generated in the box 11, thereby stirring the molten metal 19.
The number of the electromagnetic coils 13 and the iron cores 14 can be set according to actual requirements, in the embodiment, six groups of the electromagnetic coils 13 and the iron cores 14 are arranged, when the three-phase electromagnetic coils are electrified with low-frequency alternating current, a rotating magnetic field can be generated in the box body 11, and due to the action of the magnetic field, electromagnetic force is induced in the molten metal 19 and acts on the volume element of the molten metal 19, so that the molten metal 19 is pushed to move. The thrust pushes the metal melt 19 to move horizontally and circumferentially along the direction of the rotating magnetic field, namely, the melt stirring effect is provided, which is beneficial to promoting the crystal nucleus to form in advance, breaking dendritic crystals in growth and increasing the number of the crystal nuclei; the electromagnetic force has a tangential component and a radial component, and the metal melt 19 is compressed by the radial electromagnetic force to generate vertical flow, so that the components and the temperature of the upper layer and the lower layer of the metal melt 19 are homogenized.
The ultrasonic vibration device comprises a transducer 28, an amplitude transformer 26 and a vibrating rod 20 which are connected in sequence, wherein the amplitude transformer 26 and the vibrating rod 20 are coaxially arranged with the box body 11, namely vertically arranged. The transducer 28 is connected to the ultrasonic generator 7 via a data line 5.
The top end of the amplitude transformer 26 is connected with one end of a cantilever 27 which is horizontally arranged, the other end of the cantilever 27 is connected with a lifting mechanism 25, the lifting mechanism 25 is fixed outside the box body 11, and the lifting mechanism 25 is used for realizing the descending or lifting of the ultrasonic vibration device, so that the vibrating rod 20 can be placed in the box body 11 to stir the metal melt 19 and can also be lifted to the top of the box body 11.
In the present embodiment, the lifting mechanism 25 and the lifting mechanism 10 may be hydraulic rods, cylinder rods, electric push rods, or the like.
When the metal melt 19 is treated by ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic generator 7 converts commercial power into a high-power high-frequency power supply to be supplied to the transducer 28, the transducer 28 generates high-frequency longitudinal vibration exceeding 1.6 kilohertz, and after the amplitude is amplified by the amplitude transformer 26, the amplitude of the vibrating rod 20 can reach about 0.08 mm. The metal melt 19 generates high-frequency alternating vibration shock waves and cavitation under the high-frequency and small-amplitude vibration action of the vibrating rod, instantaneous high temperature, high pressure, vacuum and micro jet flow are formed locally, the continuity of the melt is destroyed, countless micro cavities are generated, the cavitation action enables the alloy to generate a large number of nuclei in a molten state, and the generated high temperature and high pressure can also slow down the growth speed of crystal grains. Meanwhile, the microscopic cavities are important carriers for degassing and impurity removal, gases such as hydrogen dissolved in the molten liquid are easy to escape into the cavities to become bubble cores, and impurities can be adsorbed on the surfaces of bubbles and removed along with the escape of the bubbles in the process of growing and floating of the bubbles, so that the purpose of ultrasonic refining is achieved.
In order to ensure that the chemical composition of the alloy melt (molten metal 19) is not contaminated and that no metallic impurities are introduced, the vibrating rod 20 is made of a metal having the same composition as the base of the melt.
The ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite field has the advantages of both an ultrasonic field and a magnetic field, has more excellent treatment effect than a single field, better refining effect of a solidification structure and more round and regular crystal grains, and can inhibit element segregation to a higher degree, improve the internal and surface quality of a casting, balance a temperature field and improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the casting. The main reasons are as follows:
(1) axial stirring generated by the sound flow effect of ultrasonic high-frequency vibration relieves the defect of poor stirring effect of the melt near the stirring center caused by the electromagnetic stirring skin effect, and meanwhile, a large amount of metal melt is nucleated under the cavitation action of ultrasonic treatment, so that the solidification structure refining effect of the electromagnetic stirring is enhanced; (2) the strong rotary stirring of the electromagnetic field is beneficial to overcoming the defect of small action range of ultrasonic field treatment, axial stirring generated by the acoustic flow effect of ultrasonic waves and forced convection stirring generated by the electromagnetic stirring are mutually promoted and act on the whole melt to cause the strong stirring of the whole melt, so that a large number of crystal nuclei generated by ultrasonic wave cavitation are fully reserved and quickly transferred to the whole melt, namely, the rotary magnetic field strengthens the explosion nucleation of ultrasonic wave vibration in the whole melt by expanding the ultrasonic wave cavitation action range, and strengthens the refining action of the ultrasonic field on a solidified tissue; (3) the ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite action is easy to form larger temperature and solute fluctuation in the melt, and is also beneficial to uniform components, formation of equiaxed crystals and refined grains.
With different alloy compositions, the corresponding optimal electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration process parameters can be different. For example, in the case of electromagnetically stirring a356 aluminum alloy melt, the electromagnetic stirring refining treatment has a significant grain refining effect and a grain shape optimizing effect on the a356 aluminum alloy, and further the tensile strength is significantly improved, and the grain size shows a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of the stirring frequency, and the grain refining effect is the best when the stirring frequency is about 20 Hz. The alloy crystal grains can be improved and refined by ultrasonic vibration treatment. Taking the ultrasonic refining treatment of the AlSi12Fe aluminum alloy as an example, when the ultrasonic vibration power is increased, the primary silicon is changed into fine uniform particles from a thick plate block, the tip angle of the primary silicon is passivated, and when the vibration power is 1kW and the treatment time is 1min, the best treatment effect can be realized.
Because the electromagnetic stirring function is to directly stir the cooling and solidifying metal melt 19 in the mold by using a rotating magnetic field, in order to enhance the magnetic permeability, the casting mold 18 uses a non-magnetic conductive material, such as a 304 stainless steel mold. Generally, the adjustable range of the electromagnetic stirring frequency is 1 to 50Hz, and the magnetic induction intensity range of the rotating center point of the electromagnetic stirring is 200 to 1000Gs, the stirring requirement of most metals can be met. The ultrasonic vibration frequency is 16-25 kHz, and the vibration amplitude of the vibrating rod is 0.05-0.1 mm, so that the vibration refining requirements of most metals can be met. In addition, in the case of the ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetic stirring refining treatment, the higher the power is, the longer the refining treatment time is, the better the effects of degassing, grain refinement and grain shape optimization are, and there are specific threshold values for them.
The embodiment can realize multiple functions to improve the efficiency of the metal casting process and the final mechanical property of the casting, and the heating device is utilized and provided with the corresponding temperature controller 8, so that a temperature rise and heat preservation curve can be edited, and the mold drying function can be realized; the casting mold 18 is heated before casting without an additional oven for drying the mold, thereby avoiding the position shift of the mold and improving the working efficiency. The molten metal can be treated to obtain the ultra-fine grain cast ingot, and meanwhile, as long as the size of the die is proper, the die can be matched with different dies, the molten metal is directly solidified and formed in the die, and finally, an industrial casting product can be obtained.
The cooling device of this embodiment can be timely take away the heat that outwards gives off in the mould cooling metal process rapidly, improves the cooling capacity of mould, realizes the supercooling casting of higher degree. The heat is rapidly taken out of the box body through high-speed air cooling, the rapid cooling of the mold and the environment in the box is realized on the three-dimensional size, and the supercooling solidification and the fine grain strengthening are realized; meanwhile, the safety of air cooling is high. Meanwhile, the heating device and the cooling device are matched with each other, a controllable target temperature control curve can be realized, and a specific cooling purpose is achieved.
The ultrasonic vibration and electromagnetic stirring refining functions of the embodiment can enable the liquid metal of the casting mold 18 to be cooled, solidified and formed under the action of the ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite field, so that higher-degree microstructure refinement is realized, and the ultrasonic vibration or electromagnetic stirring refining functions can be independently utilized to explore the optimal optimization effect of a single refining function.
This embodiment adopts the coil winding on the iron core, and iron core magnetic conductivity is strong, plays the magnetic circuit effect, for no iron core's coil, can strengthen stirring magnetic field's magnetic induction intensity by a wide margin. In the same way, under the condition of obtaining the same magnetic induction intensity, the electromagnetic stirring equipment with the iron core can greatly reduce the consumption of electric energy.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a using method of a metal solidification device with multi-physical-field coupling effect, and the metal solidification device adopting the embodiment comprises the following steps:
the casting mould 18 is fixed on the bottom plate 21 by the mould clamping mechanism 30, and the device is moved to a proper position and adjusted to a proper height through the roller 9 and the lifting mechanism 10, so that the casting operation is convenient. The cover 16 is closed and the mold is baked in a heating mode.
After the mold baking is completed, the cover 16 is opened to a proper angle, an aluminum alloy melt is cast into the casting mold 18, the vibrating rod 20 is inserted into the metal melt 19, and the cover 16 is closed.
Starting an electromagnetic stirring function, starting an ultrasonic vibration refining function, and keeping the ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite field refining treatment on the metal melt for a period of time.
And starting a cooling function to realize solidification of the molten metal under the combined action of the stirring magnetic field and the ultrasonic vibration until the metal is completely solidified and formed, and stopping electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration.
The electromagnetic stirring and the ultrasonic vibration refining can also be stopped before the metal is completely solidified, and the refining treatment effects under different treatment time and different solidification degrees are researched.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-physical field coupling metal solidification device, comprising:
the box body is provided with a box cover at the top, and the box cover is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes;
the heating device comprises a heating coil arranged at the bottom of the box body, and a heat transfer through hole is formed in a bottom plate of the box body;
the cooling device comprises a cooling air pipe forming a closed loop along the circumferential direction of the box body, and the cooling air pipe is communicated with the box body and used for placing compressed air into the box body;
the rotating magnetic field generating device comprises a plurality of electromagnetic coils arranged at intervals along the inner wall of the box body, and iron cores are arranged in the electromagnetic coils so as to generate a rotating magnetic field when low-frequency alternating current is introduced into the electromagnetic coils;
and the ultrasonic vibration device is used for vibrating and stirring the metal melt contained in the box body.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heating coil is connected to a temperature controller; and a thermocouple is also arranged on the inner wall of the box body.
3. The metal solidification device of claim 1, wherein the cooling air pipe is connected to an air compressor, and the air compressor is provided with a motorized ball valve.
4. The metal solidification device with multi-physical-field coupling effect according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibration device comprises a transducer, an amplitude transformer and a vibrating rod which are sequentially connected, the amplitude transformer and the vibrating rod are coaxially arranged with the box body, and the vibrating rod is arranged in the box body to stir the metal melt;
the transducer is connected with an ultrasonic generator.
5. The metal solidification device with multi-physical-field coupling effect according to claim 4, wherein the amplitude transformer is connected with the lifting mechanism on one side of the box body through a cantilever.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a casting mold for containing molten metal is disposed in the chamber, and the casting mold is made of non-magnetic material.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the casting mold is fixed to the bottom plate of the housing by a casting mold clamping mechanism.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a plurality of lifting mechanisms are installed on the bottom of the casing.
9. A method of using a multiphysics coupling metal solidification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
fixing the casting mould on a bottom plate of the box body, and adjusting the device to a set height;
closing the box cover and opening a heating mode to dry the mold;
after the mold is dried, opening a box cover, casting the metal melt into a casting mold, inserting a vibrating rod of an ultrasonic vibration device into the metal melt, and closing the box cover;
starting an electromagnetic stirring function and an ultrasonic vibration refining function, and keeping the set time for refining the metal melt by using the ultrasonic-electromagnetic composite field;
and starting a cooling function to realize solidification of the metal melt under the combined action of the stirring magnetic field and the ultrasonic vibration until the metal is completely solidified and molded, and stopping electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration refining are stopped before the metal is completely solidified.
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