CN115634920A - Integrated extraction device for extracting heavy metals in various forms in soil - Google Patents
Integrated extraction device for extracting heavy metals in various forms in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115634920A CN115634920A CN202211380206.2A CN202211380206A CN115634920A CN 115634920 A CN115634920 A CN 115634920A CN 202211380206 A CN202211380206 A CN 202211380206A CN 115634920 A CN115634920 A CN 115634920A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated extraction device for extracting various heavy metals in soil, which comprises a shell, wherein a drying cylinder, a reaction cylinder and a centrifugal cylinder are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom; the top of the shell is provided with an earth entering pipe communicated with the inside of the drying cylinder; a drying device and a filter screen are arranged in the drying cylinder, the drying cylinder is communicated with the interior of the reaction cylinder through an earth outlet pipe, and a switch valve is arranged on the earth outlet pipe; the reaction cylinder is communicated with the interior of the centrifugal cylinder through a plurality of discharge holes; a medicine feeding tank, a heater, a first transmission rod, a telescopic rod and a driving mechanism are arranged in the reaction cylinder; a first gear is sleeved on the outer wall of the centrifugal cylinder, and a second gear in meshing transmission with the first gear is arranged on the first gear; a circulating pump and an extraction bottle are arranged on the outer wall of the shell; the use method of the integrated extraction device comprises drying and filtering, reaction and centrifugation and cyclic collection; the integrated extraction device can extract heavy metals in various forms in soil, the using method is simple, and the extraction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil extraction, in particular to an integrated extraction device for extracting heavy metals in various forms in soil.
Background
Mining, metal smelting, farmland pollution irrigation, sludge farming and application of fertilizers and pesticides have caused heavy metal pollution of a large amount of soil, and seriously threaten ecological balance, food safety and human health. Among them, cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) are considered "penta-toxins" among the major heavy metal pollutants. In the investigation of contaminated crop fields, 80% of the soil pollution types are heavy metal pollution, with mining and metallurgy activities being the major sources of heavy metal pollution. Whether the industrial and mining abandoned land is seriously polluted by heavy metals or the agricultural polluted soil with relatively light pollution degree is usually expressed as the composite pollution of a plurality of heavy metals. More complicated, various heavy metals in the polluted soil generally have interaction, which brings difficulty to the application of the soil heavy metal pollution treatment and restoration technology.
The existing device for extracting heavy metal in soil is different in extraction conditions of various forms because the heavy metal has various forms, and a plurality of corresponding devices for extracting the heavy metal in the form are used for extraction after the heavy metal is separated for a plurality of times, namely, a single device is used for extracting the single form; in addition, the heavy metal extraction is mostly multi-step extraction, soil needs to be transferred after the steps are completed, and the problem of insufficient reaction caused by uneven dosing easily occurs when a reagent is added to react with the soil.
Therefore, the present invention designs an integrated extraction device for extracting heavy metals of various forms in soil to optimize the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an integrated extraction device for extracting heavy metals in various forms in soil.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an integrated extraction device for extracting various forms of heavy metals in soil comprises a shell, wherein a drying cylinder, a reaction cylinder and a centrifugal cylinder are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom; the top of the shell is provided with an earth entering pipe communicated with the inside of the drying cylinder; the drying cylinder is internally provided with drying equipment and a filter screen, the drying cylinder penetrates through a top plate of the reaction cylinder through a soil discharging pipe arranged at the bottom and is communicated with the interior of the reaction cylinder, and the soil discharging pipe is provided with a switch valve; the reaction cylinder is communicated with the interior of the centrifugal cylinder through a plurality of discharge holes arranged on a bottom plate of the reaction cylinder;
a chute is arranged on the inner wall of the top plate, a medicine feeding tank which is connected with the chute in a sliding way is arranged on the chute, and a medicine inlet of the medicine feeding tank is connected with a medicine storage tank arranged on the outer wall of the shell through a guide pipe; a heater is arranged in the side wall of the reaction cylinder;
a first transmission rod and a telescopic rod are arranged in the reaction cylinder, the telescopic rod penetrates through the shell and is connected with a first motor arranged on the outer wall of the shell, one end of the first transmission rod is fixedly sleeved with the outer wall of the dosing tank, the other end of the first transmission rod is hinged with a telescopic part of the telescopic rod through a rotating shaft, and rotating shafts penetrating through the telescopic part of the telescopic rod are arranged on two sides of the first transmission rod; a baffle is arranged in the bottom plate, through holes which are staggered with the discharge holes one by one are formed in the baffle, the baffle is rotatably connected with a first fixed rod arranged on the bottom surface of a fixed part of the telescopic rod through a spring, and a driving mechanism for driving the through holes to be overlapped with the discharge holes is arranged in a shell positioned between the reaction cylinder and the centrifugal cylinder;
the outer wall of the centrifugal cylinder is sleeved with a first gear, and the side wall of the centrifugal cylinder is provided with a recovery pipe which is communicated with the inside of the centrifugal cylinder and penetrates through the side wall of the shell; the first gear is provided with a second gear in meshing transmission with the first gear, and the center of one end of the second gear is rotationally connected with a second motor arranged on the outer wall of the shell;
the outer wall of the shell is provided with a circulating pump and an extraction bottle, the circulating pump and the extraction bottle are respectively provided with a one-way valve, the outlet end of the circulating pump is communicated with the inside of the drying cylinder, and the inlet end of the circulating pump is communicated with the inner bottom of the centrifugal cylinder; the inlet end of the extraction bottle is communicated with the inner top of the centrifugal cylinder, and a filter membrane only allowing the extracting solution to pass through is arranged on the inlet end face of the extraction bottle.
Further, drying equipment is including setting up the hair-dryer at the casing top, the air-supply line of hair-dryer is located outside the casing, and the first tuber pipe of hair-dryer extends to and lies in the drying cylinder above the filter screen.
Description of the drawings: the drying is carried out by utilizing the blower, the equipment is simple, and the drying efficiency is high; and the accumulated soil on the filter screen can be blown away by wind power, so that the blocking condition during filtering is reduced.
Furthermore, a soil shifting rod is arranged in the drying cylinder, two ends of the soil shifting rod are respectively connected with the filter screen and the top of the shell in a rotating mode, and a plurality of soil shifting pieces are arranged on the soil shifting rod; the blower is provided with a second air outlet pipe, an air outlet of the second air outlet pipe and an air outlet of the first air blowing pipe are located on the same horizontal plane at the opposite position of the soil stirring rod, and the air outlet directions of the second air outlet pipe and the first air blowing pipe are opposite.
Description of the invention: the blowing directions of the first air blowing pipe and the second air outlet pipe are opposite, so that the soil shifting piece is rotated by utilizing wind power, the soil stacked on the filter screen is shifted, and the probability of soil blockage is further reduced.
Furthermore, the soil stirring rod extends to the lower part of the filter screen, and a plurality of stirring blades are arranged on the soil stirring rod.
Description of the drawings: set up the stirring leaf through extension stirring pole, can improve the drying rate to soil through the stirring.
Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a second fixed rod arranged on the fixed part of the telescopic rod, a limiting rod and a third gear in meshing transmission with the second gear, wherein the third gear is positioned between the first fixed rod and the second fixed rod, and a driving sheet is arranged on the end surface, close to the first fixed rod, of the third gear; one end of the limiting rod penetrates through the first fixing rod and is fixedly connected with the side wall of the reaction barrel, and the other end of the limiting rod penetrates through the center of the third gear and is fixedly connected with the second fixing rod.
Description of the invention: through setting up the drive structure utilizes the stiff end of telescopic link to carry on spacingly on the one hand, and on the other hand utilizes the second gear to carry out the transmission, has reduced unnecessary structural design, thereby easily drives third gear revolve drive separation blade and rotates.
Furthermore, a second transmission rod is rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft and positioned on two outer sides of the second transmission rod, the second transmission rod extends to the bottom in the reaction cylinder, and a soil digging shovel is arranged between two inner sides of the second transmission rod.
Description of the invention: soil can be turned over through setting up the second transfer line and digging shovel to improve the even degree of soil and medicament reaction, improve extraction efficiency.
Furthermore, dig native shovel and second transfer line both sides and rotate and be connected, and dig and be equipped with a plurality of blades on the native shovel.
Description of the invention: dig the shovel and rotate with the second transfer line through the messenger and be connected, strengthened digging the flexibility of shovel, and can refine soil through a plurality of blades to strengthen the reaction of soil and medicament, thereby improve extraction efficiency.
Further, the medicine adding pot and the sliding chute are connected in a sliding manner as follows: the sliding groove is provided with lifting hooks with two sides inserted into the side wall of the sliding groove, and the top of the medicine adding tank is provided with a lifting ring matched with the lifting hooks.
Description of the invention: the sliding connection is simple in structure and easy to operate and realize the sliding of the medicine adding tank.
Further, the drying cylinder is funnel-shaped.
Description of the invention: funnel-shaped design can accelerate the unearthing speed of soil and improve efficiency.
The invention also discloses a use method of the integrated extraction device for extracting the heavy metals in various forms in the soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling soil to enter a drying cylinder from an earth inlet pipe at the top of a shell, starting drying equipment to air-dry the soil, filtering sundries in the soil through a filter screen, opening an earth outlet pipe after drying is finished, and enabling the soil to enter a reaction cylinder;
s2, in the process that the soil enters the reaction cylinder, adding a medicament with a dosage required for extracting the heavy metal form into the medicament storage tank, transmitting the medicament to the medicament adding tank through the guide pipe, regulating and controlling the heater to the temperature required for extracting, starting the first motor to enable the telescopic rod to drive the first transmission rod to enable the medicament adding tank to apply the medicament to the soil repeatedly, and accordingly enabling the heavy metal with the specific form to be separated from the soil through reaction;
s3, after the step S2 is finished, opening a driving mechanism to drive the through holes of the blocking pieces and the discharge holes on the bottom plate to be staggered one by one, so that the soil and the heavy metal in the specific form fall into the centrifugal cylinder from the discharge holes, and simultaneously opening a second motor to start the centrifugal cylinder to be centrifuged, so that the supernatant containing the heavy metal in the specific form and the soil residue in the centrifugal cylinder are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer;
s4, after the centrifugation is finished, opening a one-way valve on the extraction bottle to collect supernatant containing heavy metal in a specific form, remaining soil residues in the centrifugal cylinder through a filter membrane, opening a one-way valve on a circulating pump to transmit the soil residues back to the drying cylinder, and extracting and collecting the next heavy metal form by adjusting the temperature in the reaction cylinder and the medicament in the medicament storage tank; after the heavy metals in various forms are sequentially extracted, the residual soil residues are recovered through a recovery pipe.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) The integrated extraction device provided by the invention has the advantages that the circulating pump, the electric heater and the medicine storage tank are arranged, so that the soil can return to the drying cylinder through the circulating pump after one form of heavy metal is extracted, the temperature of the electric heater is regulated by replacing the medicine in the medicine storage tank, the heavy metal in various forms can be adjusted in one shell, and the integrated extraction is realized through repeated circulating extraction.
(2) According to the integrated extraction device, the telescopic rod, the first transmission rod and the second transmission rod are arranged, so that the dosing tank can slide on the chute through the first transmission rod under the reciprocating translation action of the telescopic rod, the dosing area of the dosing tank is enlarged, soil can be turned through reciprocating dosing and the soil digging shovel of the second transmission rod, the dosing agent is in more uniform contact with the soil, the reaction efficiency is higher, and the extraction efficiency of heavy metals in various forms in the soil is improved.
(3) According to the integrated extraction device, the first gear, the second gear and the driving mechanism are arranged, so that the second gear drives the first gear to enable the centrifugal cylinder to be centrifuged, and the driving mechanism is linked to control the blocking piece, so that the transfer of soil in the reaction cylinder to the centrifugal cylinder is controlled, the soil can be transferred for a plurality of times in a small amount to prevent blockage, and the soil transfer in the reaction cylinder does not need to be controlled additionally manually; thereby further improving the extraction efficiency of heavy metals in various forms in the soil.
(4) According to the integrated extraction device, the blower and the soil shifting rod are arranged, so that the soil can be dried by wind power, the soil shifting rod is rotated by the wind power to shift and turn the soil in the drying cylinder, the soil blocking efficiency is further reduced, the soil drying efficiency is improved, the extraction efficiency of various heavy metals in the soil is further improved, and a motor for rotating the soil shifting rod is not required to be additionally arranged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall external view of the integrated extraction device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the internal structure of the integrated extracting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at I of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the internal structure of a drying cylinder in example 1 of the integrated extracting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the construction of a first driving rod of the integrated type withdrawing device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the integrated extraction device base of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view of the chute of the integrated extraction device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view at II of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an integrated extraction device cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the construction of a second driving rod of embodiment 2 of the integrated type extracting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a view showing the internal structure of a drying cylinder in embodiment 3 of the integrated type extracting apparatus of the present invention;
the soil-in pipe, the driving mechanism, the limiting rod 121, the third gear 122, the second fixing rod 123, the driving sheet 124, the circulating pump 13, the extraction bottle 14, the blower 15, the first air-blowing pipe 151, the second air-out pipe 152, the recovery pipe 16, the drying cylinder 2, the filter screen 21, the soil-out pipe 22, the soil-shifting rod 23, the soil-shifting sheet 231, the stirring blade 232, the reaction cylinder 3, the bottom plate 31, the discharge hole 311, the baffle 312, the spring 313, the top plate 32, the chute 33, the hook 331, the medicine-feeding tank 34, the guide pipe 341, the medicine-storing tank 342, the hanging ring 343, the heater 35, the first driving rod 36, the rotating shaft 361, the second driving rod 362, the soil-digging shovel 363, the blade 364, the telescopic rod 371, the first fixing rod 4, the first gear 41, and the second gear 42.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof for better understanding the advantages of the invention.
Example 1
An integrated extraction device for extracting heavy metals in various forms in soil,
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the drying device comprises a casing 1, wherein a funnel-shaped drying cylinder 2, a reaction cylinder 3 and a centrifugal cylinder 4 are sequentially arranged in the casing 1 from top to bottom; the top of the shell 1 is provided with an earth entering pipe 11 communicated with the inside of the drying cylinder 2; a drying device and a filter screen 21 are arranged in the drying cylinder 2, the drying cylinder 2 penetrates through a top plate 32 of the reaction cylinder 3 through a soil outlet pipe 22 arranged at the bottom and is communicated with the inside of the drying cylinder, and a switch valve is arranged on the soil outlet pipe 22; the reaction cylinder 3 is communicated with the interior of the centrifugal cylinder 4 through three discharge holes 311 arranged on a bottom plate 31 of the reaction cylinder;
as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the drying device comprises a blower 15 arranged on the top of a casing 1, an air inlet pipe of the blower 15 is positioned outside the casing 1, and a first air outlet pipe 151 of the blower 15 extends into a drying cylinder 2 above a filter screen 21;
as shown in fig. 2, fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9, a sliding groove 33 is provided on the inner wall of the top plate 32, a medicine adding pot 34 slidably connected to the sliding groove 33 is provided on the sliding groove 33, and the medicine adding pot 34 and the sliding groove 33 are slidably connected in the following manner: the sliding chute 33 is provided with a lifting hook 331 with two sides inserted into the side wall of the sliding chute 33, and the top of the medicine adding tank 34 is provided with a lifting ring 343 matched with the lifting hook 331; the medicine inlet of the medicine feeding tank 34 is connected with a medicine storage tank 342 arranged on the outer wall of the shell 1 through a conduit 341; and a heater 35 is arranged in the side wall of the reaction cylinder 3;
as shown in fig. 2, 5 and 6, a first transmission rod 36 and an expansion rod 37 are arranged in the reaction cylinder 3, the expansion rod 37 penetrates through the shell 1 and is connected with a first motor arranged on the outer wall of the shell 1, the upper end of the first transmission rod 36 is fixedly sleeved with the outer wall of the dosing tank 34, and the lower end of the first transmission rod 36 is hinged with a telescopic part of the expansion rod 37 through a rotating shaft 361; a baffle plate 312 is arranged in the bottom plate 31, through holes staggered with the three discharge holes 311 one by one are arranged on the baffle plate 312, the baffle plate 312 is rotatably connected with a first fixing rod 371 arranged on the bottom surface of a fixing part of the telescopic rod 37 through a spring 313, and a driving mechanism 12 for driving the through holes to coincide with the discharge holes 311 is arranged in the shell 1 between the reaction cylinder 3 and the centrifugal cylinder 4;
as shown in fig. 2, a first gear 41 is sleeved on the outer wall of the centrifugal cylinder 4, and a recovery pipe 16 communicated with the interior of the centrifugal cylinder 4 and penetrating through the side wall of the casing 1 is arranged on the side wall of the centrifugal cylinder 4; a second gear 42 in meshing transmission with the first gear 41 is arranged on the first gear 41, and the center of the right end of the second gear 42 is rotationally connected with a second motor arranged on the outer wall of the shell 1;
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the driving mechanism 12 includes a second fixing rod 123 disposed on the fixing portion of the telescopic rod 37, a limiting rod 121, and a third gear 122 engaged with the second gear 42 for transmission, wherein the third gear 122 is disposed between the first fixing rod 371 and the second fixing rod 123, and a driving plate 124 is disposed on a seating surface of the third gear 122 close to the first fixing rod 371; the left end of the limiting rod 121 penetrates through the first fixing rod 371 to be fixedly connected with the side wall of the reaction cylinder 3, and the right end of the limiting rod 121 penetrates through the center of the third gear 122 to be fixedly connected with the second fixing rod 123;
as shown in fig. 2, a circulation pump 13 and an extraction bottle 14 are arranged on the outer wall of the casing 1, and the circulation pump 13 and the extraction bottle 14 are both provided with a one-way valve, the outlet end of the circulation pump 13 is communicated with the inside of the drying cylinder 2, and the inlet end of the circulation pump 13 is communicated with the inner bottom of the centrifugal cylinder 4; the inlet end of the extraction bottle 14 is communicated with the inner top of the centrifugal cylinder 4, and the inlet end surface of the extraction bottle 14 is provided with a filter membrane through which the extracting solution only passes;
the heater is externally connected with a power supply, and the first motor, the second motor, the third motor and the blower 15 are all the prior art, and redundant description is not repeated.
The use method of the integrated extraction device for the heavy metals in various forms in the soil, which is provided by the embodiment, comprises the following steps:
s1, pouring soil into a drying cylinder 2 from an inlet pipe 11, opening a blower 15, filtering the soil by impurities through a filter screen 21, drying the soil by blowing air, and opening an outlet pipe 22 to transfer the dried soil into a reaction cylinder 3;
s2, synchronously starting a first motor, driving a first transmission rod 36 by a telescopic part of a telescopic rod 37 to indirectly drive a medicine adding tank 34 to slide on a sliding chute 33 on the inner wall of a top plate 32 in a reciprocating manner, sucking a medicine (such as HOAc) used for extracting heavy metal in a certain specific form (such as a weak acid extraction state) in a medicine storage tank 342 by the medicine adding tank 34 through a guide pipe 341, regulating and controlling the temperature required by the heavy metal reaction from a heater 35 to the weak acid extraction state, and fully reacting the soil and the medicine for a period of time after the reaction condition is reached;
s3, after the reaction is finished, starting a second motor, and driving a first gear 41 in meshing transmission with a second gear 42 to drive a centrifugal cylinder 4 to carry out centrifugation by the second gear 42; meanwhile, the first eccentric column 421 on the second gear 42 drives the driving rod 123 to rotate the third gear 122 where the second eccentric column 125 is located, so that the driving plate 124 on the side of the third gear 122 drives the blocking plate 312 to rotate, and the through hole on the blocking plate 312 and the discharging hole 311 are overlapped to allow soil to enter the centrifugal cylinder 4 from the reaction cylinder 3; after the driving sheet 124 leaves the blocking sheet 312, the blocking sheet 312 gradually makes the through holes dislocated with the discharge holes 311 one by one under the action of the spring 313, so that a small amount of soil is transferred from the reaction cylinder 3 to the centrifugal cylinder 4 for multiple times;
s4, after the soil completely enters the centrifugal cylinder 4 to be centrifuged, the centrifugal cylinder 4 sequentially contains weak acid extraction statesOpening a one-way valve on the extraction bottle 14 to allow the extraction solution to enter the extraction bottle 14 through a filter membrane to be collected and transferred, wherein the soil residues cannot pass through the filter membrane through which the extraction solution containing the weak acid extraction state heavy metals only passes and are retained in the centrifugal cylinder 4; the one-way valve on the circulation pump 13 is opened again to transfer the soil residue to the drying cylinder 2 to replace the agent in the drug storage tank 342 (e.g. replacing HOAc with NH) 4 OH & HCl), adjusting the temperature to the temperature required by the reaction of the reducible heavy metal, and continuously extracting and collecting heavy metals in various forms (such as reducible heavy metals) with the weak acid extraction heavy metal according to steps;
after the heavy metals in various forms (such as oxidizable state and residual state) are sequentially extracted, the residual soil residues are recovered through a recovery pipe 16.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, as shown in fig. 10, a second transmission rod 362 is rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft 361 located at two outer sides of the second transmission rod 362, the second transmission rod 362 extends to the bottom in the reaction cylinder 3, and a soil digging shovel 363 is arranged between two inner sides of the second transmission rod 362; the soil digging shovel 363 is rotatably connected with two sides of the second transmission rod 362, and eight blades 364 are arranged on the soil digging shovel 363;
the difference between the using method of the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the second transmission rod 362 drives the soil planing shovel 363 to rotate back and forth along with the rotating shaft 361, so that the soil planing shovel 363 turns over the soil, the blades 364 on the soil planing shovel 363 refine the larger and gathered soil, the contact between the soil and the medicament is increased, and the extraction efficiency of heavy metals in various forms is increased.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, as shown in fig. 11, a soil-shifting rod 23 is arranged in the drying cylinder 2, two ends of the soil-shifting rod 23 are respectively connected with the filter screen 21 and the top of the housing 1 in a rotating manner, and three soil-shifting pieces 231 are arranged on the soil-shifting rod 23; a second air outlet pipe 152 is arranged on the blower 15, and an air outlet of the second air outlet pipe 152 and an air outlet of the first air blowing pipe 151 are located on the same horizontal plane at the opposite position of the soil stirring rod 23, and the air outlet directions of the two air outlet pipes are opposite; the soil stirring rod 23 extends to the lower part of the filter screen 21, and three stirring blades 232 are arranged on the soil stirring rod 23;
the using method of the embodiment is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that the air outlet directions of the first air outlet pipe 151 and the second air outlet pipe 152 are opposite, so that the soil shifting sheet 231 is driven to rotate in a single direction by utilizing wind power in two directions, soil accumulated on the filter screen 21 can be shifted, and the blocking condition of the soil is reduced; and the stirring blade 232 can turn over the soil, so that the drying efficiency of the soil is improved, and the extraction efficiency of heavy metals in various forms is further improved.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated extraction device for extracting heavy metals in various forms in soil comprises a shell (1), and is characterized in that a funnel-shaped drying cylinder (2), a reaction cylinder (3) and a centrifugal cylinder (4) are sequentially arranged in the shell (1) from top to bottom; the top of the shell (1) is provided with an earth inlet pipe (11) communicated with the inside of the drying cylinder (2); a drying device and a filter screen (21) are arranged in the drying cylinder (2), the drying cylinder (2) penetrates through a top plate (32) of the reaction cylinder (3) through a soil outlet pipe (22) arranged at the bottom and is communicated with the interior of the reaction cylinder, and a switch valve is arranged on the soil outlet pipe (22); the reaction cylinder (3) is communicated with the interior of the centrifugal cylinder (4) through a plurality of discharge holes (311) arranged on a bottom plate (31) of the reaction cylinder;
a sliding chute (33) is arranged on the inner wall of the top plate (32), a medicine adding tank (34) which is in sliding connection with the sliding chute (33) is arranged on the sliding chute (33), and a medicine inlet of the medicine adding tank (34) is connected with a medicine storage tank (342) arranged on the outer wall of the shell (1) through a guide pipe (341); a heater (35) is arranged in the side wall of the reaction cylinder (3);
a first transmission rod (36) and a telescopic rod (37) are arranged in the reaction barrel (3), the telescopic rod (37) penetrates through the shell (1) and is connected with a first motor arranged on the outer wall of the shell (1), one end of the first transmission rod (36) is fixedly sleeved with the outer wall of the dosing tank (34), and the other end of the first transmission rod (36) is hinged with a telescopic part of the telescopic rod (37) through a rotating shaft (361); a baffle plate (312) is arranged in the bottom plate (31), through holes staggered with the discharge holes (311) one by one are formed in the baffle plate (312), the baffle plate (312) is rotatably connected with a first fixing rod (371) arranged on the bottom surface of a fixing part of the telescopic rod (37) through a spring (313), and a driving mechanism (12) for driving the through holes to coincide with the discharge holes (311) is arranged in the shell (1) between the reaction barrel (3) and the centrifugal barrel (4);
a first gear (41) is sleeved on the outer wall of the centrifugal cylinder (4), and a recovery pipe (16) which is communicated with the interior of the centrifugal cylinder (4) and penetrates through the side wall of the shell (1) is arranged on the side wall of the centrifugal cylinder (4); a second gear (42) in meshing transmission with the first gear (41) is arranged on the first gear (41), and the center of one end of the second gear (42) is rotationally connected with a second motor arranged on the outer wall of the shell (1);
a circulating pump (13) and an extraction bottle (14) are arranged on the outer wall of the shell (1), check valves are arranged on the circulating pump (13) and the extraction bottle (14), the outlet end of the circulating pump (13) is communicated with the interior of the drying cylinder (2), and the inlet end of the circulating pump (13) is communicated with the inner bottom of the centrifugal cylinder (4); the inlet end of the extraction bottle (14) is communicated with the inner top of the centrifugal cylinder (4), and the inlet end surface of the extraction bottle (14) is provided with a filter membrane through which the extracting solution only passes.
2. The integrated extraction device for extracting various heavy metals in soil according to claim 1, wherein the drying equipment comprises a blower (15) arranged at the top of the casing (1), an air inlet pipe of the blower (15) is positioned outside the casing (1), and a first air outlet pipe (151) of the blower (15) extends into the drying cylinder (2) above the filter screen (21).
3. The integrated extraction device for extracting various heavy metals in soil according to claim 2, characterized in that a soil shifting rod (23) with two ends respectively connected with the filter screen (21) and the top of the shell (1) in a rotating manner is arranged in the drying cylinder (2), and a plurality of soil shifting sheets (231) are arranged on the soil shifting rod (23); and a second air outlet pipe (152) is arranged on the blower (15), and the air outlet of the second air outlet pipe (152) and the air outlet of the first air blowing pipe (151) are positioned on the same horizontal plane at the opposite position of the soil poking rod (23) and the air outlet directions of the two air outlet pipes are opposite.
4. The integrated extraction device for extracting various forms of heavy metals in soil according to claim 3, wherein the soil-shifting rod (23) extends to below the filter screen (21), and the soil-shifting rod (23) is provided with a plurality of stirring blades (232).
5. The integrated extraction device for extracting various heavy metals in soil according to claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism (12) comprises a second fixing rod (123) arranged on the fixing part of the telescopic rod (37), a limiting rod (121) and a third gear (122) in meshing transmission with the second gear (42), the third gear (122) is positioned between the first fixing rod (371) and the second fixing rod (123), and a driving sheet (124) is arranged on the end surface of the third gear (122) close to the first fixing rod (371); one end of the limiting rod (121) penetrates through the first fixing rod (371) and is fixedly connected with the side wall of the reaction cylinder (3), and the other end of the limiting rod (121) penetrates through the center of the third gear (122) and is fixedly connected with the second fixing rod (123).
6. The integrated extraction device for extracting various heavy metals in soil according to claim 1, wherein a second transmission rod (362) is rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft (361) at two outer sides of the second transmission rod (362), the second transmission rod (362) extends to the inner bottom of the reaction cylinder (3), and a soil planing shovel (363) is arranged between two inner sides of the second transmission rod (362).
7. The integrated extraction device for extracting various heavy metals in soil according to claim 6, wherein the soil planing shovel (363) is rotatably connected with two sides of the second transmission rod (362), and a plurality of blades (364) are arranged on the soil planing shovel (363).
8. The integrated extraction device for extracting various forms of heavy metals in soil according to claim 1, wherein the dosing tank (34) is slidably connected with the chute (33) in a manner that: the sliding groove (33) is provided with lifting hooks (331) with two sides inserted into the side wall of the sliding groove (33), and the top of the medicine adding tank (34) is provided with a lifting ring (343) matched with the lifting hooks (331).
9. The integrated extraction device for extracting various forms of heavy metals in soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying cylinder (2) is funnel-shaped.
10. The use method of the integrated extraction device for extracting various forms of heavy metals in soil according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil enters a drying cylinder (2) from an earth inlet pipe (11) at the top of a shell (1), drying equipment is started to dry the soil, impurities in the soil are filtered through a filter screen (21), an earth outlet pipe (22) is opened after drying is finished, and the soil enters a reaction cylinder (3);
s2, in the process that soil enters the reaction cylinder (3), adding a medicament with a dosage required for extracting a heavy metal form into the medicament storage tank (342), transmitting the medicament to the medicament adding tank (34) through the guide pipe (341), regulating and controlling the temperature of the heater (35) to be required for extraction, and starting the first motor to enable the telescopic rod (37) to drive the first transmission rod (36) to enable the medicament adding tank (34) to apply the medicament to the soil in a reciprocating manner, so that the heavy metal with a specific form is separated from the soil through reaction;
s3, after the step S2 is finished, starting a driving mechanism (12) to drive the through holes of the blocking pieces (312) to be staggered with the discharge holes (311) on the bottom plate (31) one by one, so that soil and heavy metal in a specific form fall into the centrifugal cylinder (4) from the discharge holes (311), and simultaneously starting a second motor to start the centrifugal cylinder (4) to centrifuge, so that supernatant containing the heavy metal in the specific form and soil residues in the centrifugal cylinder (4) are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer;
s4, after the centrifugation is finished, opening a one-way valve on an extraction bottle (14) to collect supernatant containing heavy metal in a specific form, remaining soil residues in a centrifugal cylinder (4) through a filter membrane, then opening a one-way valve on a circulating pump (13) to convey the soil residues back into a drying cylinder (2), and extracting and collecting the next heavy metal form by adjusting the temperature in a reaction cylinder (3) and a medicament in a medicament storage tank (342); after the heavy metals in various forms are sequentially extracted, the residual soil residues are recovered through a recovery pipe (16).
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