CN115628872A - Dislocation type fault simulation test system and method - Google Patents
Dislocation type fault simulation test system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dislocation type fault simulation test system and method, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The system comprises a base, a first model box and a second model box, wherein the first model box and the second model box are arranged on the base, and one opposite sides of the first model box and the second model box are provided with openings and can be spliced into a box body structure with an opening at the upper part; the device also comprises a first driving piece and a second driving piece; the first driving part is connected with the first model box and used for driving the first model box to horizontally and transversely displace relative to the second model box so as to simulate an sideslip fault; the second driving piece is connected with the second model box and used for driving the second model box to vertically displace relative to the first model box so as to simulate a slip fault. The method is applied to the system. The invention can simulate the dynamic behavior of fault sliding under the action of earthquake more truly, simulate the walking sliding fault, the inclined sliding fault and the coupling action of the walking sliding fault and the inclined sliding fault, and solve the problem that the conventional vibrating table model box can not simulate the fault sliding or can only simulate the sliding in a single direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a dislocation type fault simulation test system.
Background
Geotechnical and tunnel engineering is a core research topic in civil engineering, hydraulic engineering and municipal engineering in China, and when a tunnel is built, the geotechnical and tunnel engineering often encounters the situation of crossing fault or broken zone and other unfavorable geologic bodies, and because of frequent earthquakes in China in recent years, the earthquake damage mechanism and the anti-shock measure of the tunnel structure under fault sliding caused by earthquakes are important problems faced by tunnel engineering, how to improve the anti-shock performance of a cross-fault tunnel and avoid major accidents, and the geotechnical and tunnel engineering is an extremely important research topic in tunnel construction.
For the research of geotechnical and tunnel engineering, common methods include theoretical derivation, field investigation, numerical simulation analysis, physical model test and the like, wherein the physical model test can intuitively and effectively simulate the dynamic response of a prototype, is more beneficial to analyzing failure mechanism, and is an indispensable important means for researching the dynamic response characteristics and failure mechanism of geotechnical structures and tunnels under the action of earthquakes.
The physical model test mostly adopts a model box to test in an earthquake simulation vibration table, and the model boxes commonly used in the test mainly comprise three types: rigid model box, disc type flexible model box and interlayer shearing model box:
the rigid model box is mainly used for a rock material model, polystyrene foam plates with the thickness of 5-20cm are usually paved on two sides of an end part, and polyethylene films are paved on two sides of the long edge direction to reduce the boundary effect, so that test data are more reliable.
The disc type flexible model box has light dead weight, is generally of a cylindrical structure, the box wall is composed of a cylindrical rubber mould, the lateral rigidity is small, and the model is easy to generate a soil arch effect.
The interlaminar shearing model box is formed by combining a plurality of layers of rectangular hollow frames, balls or bearings are arranged between the frames, and a limiting device is arranged to enable the balls or the bearings to move in a certain range, so that a soil body can generate shearing deformation, and boundary conditions of the soil layer are simulated.
As the width of our country is large, different regions show different topographic features and geological structure characteristics, when large-scale projects are built, more and more tunnels penetrating through the fault are built, and the three model boxes cannot control the sliding direction, speed, distance and the like of the fault, so that the research on the dynamic response failure mechanism penetrating through the fault tunnel is less. At present, the development of a test device for simulating fault sliding and inclined sliding and controlling the coupling of variables such as sliding direction, sliding speed and sliding distance is in a blank state.
In view of this, a test foundation is laid for researching the dynamic response and the failure mechanism of the cross-fault tunnel under the action of the earthquake, the fault sliding under the action of the earthquake is simulated more truly and perfectly, the actual engineering situation is restored, the reality degree and the accuracy of the dynamic response of the cross-fault tunnel structure under the action of the simulated earthquake are improved, and model equipment capable of controlling and variably coupling the fault inclination angle, the sliding direction, the sliding distance and the sliding speed needs to be researched to research the dynamic response failure mechanism of the cross-fault tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dislocation type fault simulation test system which can simulate the dynamic behavior of fault sliding under the action of an earthquake more truly, simulate a gliding fault, an inclined gliding fault and the coupling action of the gliding fault and the inclined gliding fault, and solve the problem that a conventional vibrating table model box cannot simulate the fault sliding or can simulate the sliding in a single direction only. The invention also provides a dislocation type fault simulation test method.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: a dislocation type fault simulation test system comprises a base, a first model box and a second model box, wherein the first model box and the second model box are arranged on the base, and one sides of the first model box and the second model box, which are opposite to each other, are provided with openings and can be spliced into a box body structure with an opening at the upper part; the device also comprises a first driving part and a second driving part; the first driving part is connected with the first model box and used for driving the first model box to generate horizontal transverse displacement relative to the second model box so as to simulate a slip fault; the second driving piece is connected with the second model box and used for driving the second model box to generate vertical displacement relative to the first model box so as to simulate a slip fault.
Based on the technical scheme, the side walls of the first model box and the second model box which are spliced with each other are both sections, and the section angles of the sections of the first model box and the second model box are the same so as to form a complete binding face after the first model box and the second model box are spliced with each other.
Based on the technical scheme, the section angle is 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees or 0 degree.
Based on above technical scheme, the lateral wall outside that first mold box and second mold box splice each other all is provided with mated connecting plate, be provided with the vertical logical groove that sets up along the vertical displacement direction of second mold box on the connecting plate of first mold box, be provided with the horizontal through groove that sets up along the horizontal transverse displacement direction of first mold box on the connecting plate of second mold box, mate the connecting plate pairs the connection through the connecting piece that runs through horizontal through groove and vertical through groove on it.
Based on above technical scheme, first mold box bottom is provided with first gyro wheel, the base upper end is provided with the first spout with first gyro wheel complex, first spout sets up along the horizontal lateral displacement direction of first mold box.
Based on above technical scheme, first driving piece includes first reaction frame, is fixed in first power component on the first reaction frame and connects in the support piece of first power component power end, support piece is fixed in first mold box lateral wall.
Based on above technical scheme, the second driving piece includes: the driven driving part is fixed between the base and the second model box and can move along with the vertical displacement of the second model box so as to change the vertical height; and the driving part is arranged at the upper end of the base and is used for driving the second model box to vertically displace.
Based on the technical scheme, the driving part comprises a second reaction frame, a second power element fixed on the second reaction frame and a sliding plate connected to the power end of the second power element, and the sliding plate can move along with the power end of the second power element to slide on the upper end surface of the base; the upper end of the sliding plate is provided with an inclined supporting surface along the motion direction of the second power element, and the supporting surface is provided with a second sliding chute along the inclined direction; and a second roller is arranged at the bottom of the second model box and is matched in the second chute.
Based on above technical scheme, slide upper end forms two continuous holding surfaces, and two holding surfaces department in succession form vertical section.
Based on above technical scheme, be provided with the limiting plate along second power component direction of motion on the base, the limiting plate sets up and is used for restricting the slide along the motion of second power component direction of motion in slide one side.
Based on the technical scheme, the first model box and the second model box are enclosed by a plurality of side plates to form a square box body structure with the top and the opposite side being opened; energy absorption boundary plates are arranged on the inner walls of the side plates of the first model box and the second model box; and criss-cross reinforcing plates are arranged on the outer walls of the side plates of the first model box and the second model box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes the first model box and the second model box which are spliced with each other to form a complete simulation box for placing surrounding rock materials, fault materials and tunnel models, and the first model box and/or the second model box can carry out horizontal transverse displacement and/or vertical displacement through the first driving part and/or the second driving part, thereby more truly simulating the dynamic behavior of fault sliding under the action of earthquake, simulating the slip fault, the tilt fault and the coupling of the slip fault and the two, solving the problem that the conventional vibrating table model box can not simulate the fault sliding or can only simulate the single-direction sliding, improving the use efficiency of the model box, reducing the test cost and improving the test precision.
2. According to the invention, the cross section angle of the mutually spliced side walls of the first model box and the second model box can be adjusted as required, and further, the driving of the first driving part and/or the second driving part is combined, so that more fault sliding problems of different types can be simulated, more variables are coupled, the simulation result is more real, accurate and reliable, and more reasonable theoretical basis and technical support are provided for actual engineering.
The invention also discloses a dislocation type fault simulation test method based on the dislocation type fault simulation test system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a side wall section angle of a first model box and a second model box which are spliced with each other based on simulation test requirements, and fixing the first model box and the second model box on a table top of a seismic simulation vibrating table to form a complete box body structure;
s2, arranging energy-absorbing boundary plates on the inner side walls of the first model box and the second model box;
s3, determining a surrounding rock material, a fault material and a tunnel model material according to geological conditions to be simulated, and building a tunnel model;
s4, filling surrounding rock and fault materials in the first model box and the second model box, wherein the fault materials are arranged at the mutual splicing positions of the first model box and the second model box and are obliquely filled along with the same angle of the side wall section, a tunnel model is embedded at a design height, and sensors are synchronously installed when the filling materials and the tunnel model are embedded for acquiring dynamic response data of the surrounding rock and/or the tunnel model under the action of an earthquake;
s5, starting an earthquake simulation vibrating table to perform earthquake simulation, so that the tunnel model is subjected to earthquake action;
s6, executing according to the simulation test requirement:
starting a first driving part, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the first driving part, and controlling the speed and the distance of the horizontal movement of a first model box to realize the cross-sliding fault simulation of different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
or starting the second driving part, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the second driving part, and controlling the speed and the distance of the vertical movement of the second model box to realize the simulation of inclined sliding faults with different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
or synchronously starting the first driving part and the second driving part, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the first driving part and the second driving part, synchronously controlling the speed and the distance of the horizontal movement of the first model box and the vertical movement of the second model box, and realizing the coupled simulation of the slip fault and the inclined slip fault with different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
and S7, acquiring test data through the sensor, closing the first driving piece and/or the second driving piece after data acquisition is completed, and completing a simulation test.
The dislocation type fault simulation test method is carried out based on a dislocation type fault simulation test system, can simulate the dynamic response influence of a walk slip fault, an incline slip fault and the coupling of the walk slip fault and the incline slip fault on a tunnel structure under the action of an earthquake, further can carry out tunnel structure dynamic response tests of various fault types according to test requirements, truly simulates the dynamic behavior of fault slip under the action of the earthquake, can simulate fault slip problems of more different types, is coupled with more variables, has more real, accurate and reliable test results, and provides more reasonable theoretical basis and technical support for actual engineering.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the structure shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a first mold box;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a second mold box;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the connection plate c;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a connecting plate d;
FIG. 7 is a view showing a construction of a pair of a connecting plate c and a connecting plate d;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 with the first and second mold boxes removed;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the slide plate;
the numbers in the figures are indicated as:
1. a base; 2. a first mold box; 3. a second mold box; 4. a first driving member; 5. a second driving member; 6. a reinforcing plate; 7. a complete binding face; 8. a vertical through groove; 9. a transverse through groove; 10. a connecting member; 11. an energy-absorbing boundary plate; 12. a first roller; 13. a first chute; 14. a first reaction frame; 15. a first power element; 16. a support member; 17. a passive drive member; 18. an active drive; 19. a second reaction frame; 20. a second power element; 21. a slide plate; 22. a second chute; 23. a second roller; 24. and a limiting plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a dislocation fault simulation test system, which is mainly used for simulating and testing the influence of the slip and dip faults on the dynamic response of a tunnel structure under the action of an earthquake, and mainly comprises a base 1, a first model box 2, a second model box 3, a first driving member 4 and a second driving member 5, wherein the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are both arranged on the base 1, an opening is formed on one side of the first model box 2 opposite to the second model box 3, the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are spliced with each other through the side wall of the opening to form a box structure with an upper opening, and the first driving member 4 is connected with the first model box 2 and used for driving the first model box 2 to horizontally and transversely displace relative to the second model box 3 so as to simulate the slip faults; a second drive member 5 is connected to the second mould box 3 for driving vertical displacement of the second mould box 3 relative to the first mould box 2 to simulate a slip fault.
Based on this, this embodiment can set up on the mesa of earthquake simulation shaking table when using, utilize earthquake simulation shaking table simulation earthquake effect, and utilize first model case 2 and second model case 3 of concatenation each other to constitute complete model case structure, be used for placing country rock material, fault material and tunnel model, and first model case 2 and/or second model case 3 through first driving piece 4 and/or second driving piece 5, can carry out horizontal lateral displacement and/or vertical displacement, and then can simulate the power behavior of fault slip under the earthquake effect more really, and through controlling first driving piece 4 and second driving piece 5, can control the speed and the distance of first model case 2 and second model case 3 displacement, and then can simulate the layer of walking and sliding of different slip speeds and sliding distance, the layer of inclining and the coupling of both, the influence is responded to tunnel structure power of walking and inclining the layer under better simulation and the effect of earthquake, solved conventional shaking table model case can not simulate the slip or can only simulate the slip of single direction, can improve the use efficiency of case and reduce the experiment cost.
It should be noted that the horizontal lateral displacement described above can be understood as a displacement of the first mold box 2 relative to the second mold box 3 in the lateral direction, i.e., a displacement in the width direction x of the first mold box 2 in fig. 1, and the vertical displacement can be understood as a displacement of the second mold box 3 in the vertical direction, i.e., a displacement in the height direction y of the second mold box 3 in fig. 1.
For better understanding and implementation, the dislocation fault simulation test system of the present embodiment will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With continued reference to fig. 1 and 2, the base 1 is mainly used for supporting and building a first model box 2, a second model box 3, a first driving member 4 and a second driving member 5.
When specifically using, base 1 is whole to be plate body structure, can choose for use metal material for example steel to make, and whole area is better to be greater than the area behind first model case 2 and the concatenation of second model case 3 to in the buildding of first model case 2, second model case 3, first driving piece 4 and second driving piece 5. Specifically, still can further set up connection structure on the base 1 for base 1 and earthquake simulation shaking table be connected in pairs, for example, this connection structure can be for the screw hole, when being connected in pairs with earthquake simulation shaking table, accessible bolt, screw etc. and screw hole cooperation are fixed in earthquake simulation shaking table with base 1 on, realize swift convenient dismouting.
As shown in fig. 3, the first mold box 2 is mainly used for forming a complete box structure by splicing and matching with the second mold box 3, and is used for carrying surrounding rock materials, fault materials and tunnel models required by the test.
When concrete application, first model case 2 wholly is half box structure, enclose by a plurality of curb plates and close and form, wholly can be square, and its top and one of them vertical lateral wall all do not enclose with the curb plate and close, form top and one side lateral wall open-ended semi-enclosed type structure, the cavity of its inside formation can be used for holding and carry on country rock material, fault material and tunnel model, when concrete concatenation, its open-ended lateral wall splices with second model case 3, and then can splice with second model case 3 for complete box. Specifically, the side plates of the first mold box 2 may be made of hard metal, such as metal steel material, to increase the deformation resistance of the first mold box 2. Specifically, the outer wall of the side plate of the first mold box 2 is further provided with criss-cross reinforcing plates 6 for further reinforcing the deformation resistance of the first mold box 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the second mold box 3 is mainly used for forming a complete box structure by splicing and matching with the first mold box 2, and is used for carrying surrounding rock materials, fault materials and tunnel models required by the test.
In specific application, the second mold box 3 and the first mold box 2 can be configured in the same way in terms of structure and material, and the specific structure, material and the like of the second mold box 3 are not further described, so that the openings of the side walls of the second mold box and the first mold box are oppositely arranged, and can be spliced with each other to form a complete box body structure, and the two spliced side plates can form a complete and communicated cavity structure with an opening at the upper end.
As shown in fig. 1-4, in order to further simulate more different types of fault sliding problems, more variables are coupled, and in a specific application, the side walls of the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 which are spliced with each other are both sections, and the section angles of the sections are the same so as to form a complete abutting surface 7 after the two are spliced.
Based on the structure of the first model box 2 and the second model box 3, the side wall at the opening of the first model box 2 forms a section a, the section angle of the section a is alpha, the side wall of the second model box 3 corresponding to the section a forms a section b, the section angle of the section b is beta, when the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are spliced, the section a and the section b are jointed with each other, and the section angle alpha and the section angle beta are the same, so that the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are spliced with each other to form a complete joint surface 7.
In particular applications, the section angle of the first and second mold boxes 2, 3 may be 45 °, 60 °, 70 ° or 0 °. It should be noted that, when the section angles of the two are 45 °, 60 ° and 70 °, it means that the sections of the sidewalls of the two are inclined surfaces, and when the section angles of the two are 0 °, it means that the sidewalls of the two are vertical straight surfaces instead of inclined surfaces.
Referring to fig. 3 to 7, in order to ensure that the first mold box 2 and the second mold box 3 are spliced with each other and will not affect each other during their movement, in this embodiment, the first mold box 2 and the second mold box 3 further include:
a connecting plate c is arranged on the outer side of the side wall where the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are spliced with each other, and a vertical through groove 8 arranged along the vertical displacement direction of the second model box 3 is arranged on the connecting plate c;
a connecting plate d is arranged on the outer side of the side wall where the second model box 3 and the first model box 2 are spliced with each other, and a transverse through groove 9 arranged along the horizontal transverse displacement direction of the first model box 2 is arranged on the connecting plate d;
when the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are spliced, the connecting plate c and the connecting plate d can be mutually matched and attached, after the first model box and the second model box are matched and attached, the vertical through groove 8 and the transverse through groove 9 are at least partially overlapped to form a pair, and the connecting plate c and the connecting plate d which are matched can be matched and connected through the connecting piece 10 penetrating through the overlapping area of the vertical through groove 8 and the transverse through groove 9.
Through such arrangement, after the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are spliced, when the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 move in the moving process, the connecting piece 10 can move in the transverse and vertical through groove 8 and/or the transverse through groove 9 along the corresponding moving direction, so that when the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are connected, the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 can be further ensured to move along the respective displacement directions of the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 along the vertical through groove 8 and/or the transverse through groove 9, a good movement guiding effect is achieved, the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 are ensured to be displaced according to the set direction during simulation, and the simulation precision is improved.
On the basis, a plurality of connecting plates c can be arranged at intervals along the cross section of the outer side of the mutually spliced side wall of the first model box 2 and the second model box 3, and meanwhile, the connecting plates d at corresponding positions and quantity can be arranged on the outer side of the side wall of the corresponding second model box 3 to form pairing, so that a plurality of pairing structures are utilized to realize more stable and effective connection and guiding effects.
On this basis, the connection 10 is a threaded connection. For example, when in connection, the connecting piece 10 may be a bolt connecting piece, a bolt may penetrate through an overlapping area of the vertical through groove 8 and the horizontal through groove 9, and two ends of the bolt are respectively clamped on the connecting plate c and the connecting plate d through a bolt head and a nut; for another example, the connecting member 10 may be a threaded post connecting member with two locking nuts, two ends of the threaded post connecting member penetrate through the overlapping region of the vertical through groove 8 and the horizontal through groove 9 and extend out, and the two extending ends are in threaded fit with the locking nuts to clamp the threaded post connecting member on the connecting plate c and the connecting plate d, so that the threaded post connecting member can be locked and adjusted by the two locking nuts.
It should be noted that, since the first and second mold boxes 2 and 3 need to move in their respective directions of motion when in use, the connecting member 10 of the present embodiment is used only for connecting the connecting plate c and the connecting plate d and guiding the two mold boxes, and does not clamp or lock the connecting plate c and the connecting plate d. For example, when the connecting member 10 is a bolt member, it is only necessary to ensure that the bolt member is connected to the connecting plates c and d and provides a certain axial pressing force without being locked completely, and that the bolt member can move along the groove body in the vertical through groove 8 and/or the horizontal through groove 9.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in a specific application, the inner walls of the side plates of the first mold box 2 and the second mold box 3 are provided with energy-absorbing boundary plates 11.
When the dislocation type fault simulation test system is used, because the dislocation type fault simulation test system of the embodiment needs to be installed on a seismic simulation vibration table for simulating vibration, in order to avoid the reflection and refraction effects of seismic waves, the energy-absorbing boundary plate 11 of the embodiment is arranged on the inner walls of the side plates of the first model box 2 and the second model box 3, so that the inner parts of the first model box and the second model box both form a surrounding plate body structure with a certain thickness, and during seismic simulation, the energy-absorbing boundary plate 11 is used for absorbing seismic waves and reducing the reflection and refraction effects of the seismic waves generated on the boundary of the first model box 2 and the second model box 3.
In a specific application, the energy-absorbing boundary plate 11 may be a foam plate, and is disposed on the inner walls of the side plates of the first mold box 2 and the second mold box 3 by placing or bonding. Specifically, the foam board can be a polystyrene foam board. Furthermore, the thickness of the polystyrene foam plate can be between 15 and 25cm, and the thickness of the polystyrene foam plate is preferably 20cm.
As shown in fig. 8, as a further structural optimization of the first model box 2, in this embodiment, the first model box 2 is provided with a first roller 12 at the bottom, the base 1 is provided with a first sliding chute 13 at the upper end for cooperating with the first roller 12, and the first sliding chute 13 is arranged along the horizontal transverse displacement direction of the first model box 2.
In specific application, the first model box 2 can be matched in the first sliding groove 13 through the first roller 12 and then is slidably connected to the base 1, when the first driving member 4 drives the first model box to horizontally and transversely displace, the first model box can achieve a good displacement effect through the first roller 12, and the displacement direction of the first model box can be limited through the first sliding groove 13, so that the movement track of the first model box 2 is further ensured.
In further implementation, the first rollers 12 may be disposed at intervals, the first rollers 12 are disposed on the same straight line and in the same direction to form a row of roller groups, and the corresponding first sliding grooves 13 are also disposed on the same straight line and in the same direction, so that the first mold box 2 can be conveniently displaced and the displacement direction thereof can be ensured by the cooperation of the first rollers 12 and the first sliding grooves 13. Furthermore, the roller groups can be arranged in multiple rows, so that the corresponding effect is further enhanced. Specifically, the roller groups can be arranged in two rows.
In a specific application, the length of the first chute 13 can be set as required, for example, the length can be selected to be 10cm, so that the maximum horizontal transverse displacement of the first model box 2 can be limited by the length, and a safety limiting effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 8, a first driving member 4 is primarily connected to the first model box 2 for driving horizontal lateral displacement of the first model box 2 relative to the second model box 3 to simulate a slip layer.
In a specific application, the first driving member 4 comprises a first reaction frame 14, a first power element 15 fixed on the first reaction frame 14, and a supporting member 16 connected to the power end of the first power element 15, wherein the supporting member 16 is fixed on the outer side wall of the first mold box 2.
In use, the first reaction frame 14 may be fixed to the base 1 or connected to an earthquake simulation shaking table for providing a support for the first power element 15, and the first power element 15 may drive the support member 16 to horizontally and laterally displace through the power end thereof, and further drive the first model box 2 to move through the support member 16, and the cross section of the first model box 2 may be simulated by horizontally and laterally displacing with respect to the second model box 3.
In a specific application, the first reaction frame 14 may be a plate structure, a box structure, etc., as long as the first power element 15 can be mounted and supported.
In a specific application, the first power element 15 may be a linear motion mechanism, for example, the first power element 15 may be a linear motion module, an electric telescopic cylinder driven by electricity or medium, a hydraulic or pneumatic telescopic cylinder, or the like. Specifically, the first power element 15 in this embodiment is a hydraulic telescopic cylinder.
In a particular application, the support 16 is mainly used to support, connect the first power element 15 and the first mold box 2 and avoid local forced deformation of the first mold box 2. Specifically, the supporting member 16 may be a plate structure or a box structure, and the material may be made of a metal material, such as a metal steel material, so that when the first power element 15 drives the first mold box 2 to displace, the supporting member 16 can distribute the force, thereby ensuring the integrity of the first mold box 2.
As shown in fig. 8, the second driving member 5 is mainly connected to the second mold box 3 for driving the vertical displacement of the second mold box 3 relative to the first mold box 2 to simulate a slip fault.
Specifically, the second driving member 5 includes: a passive driving member 17 fixed between the base 1 and the second mold box 3, the passive driving member 17 being vertically movable with the second mold box 3 to change the vertical height; and the driving part 18 is arranged at the upper end of the base 1 and is used for driving the second model box 3 to vertically displace.
In use, the active driving member 18 actively drives the second mold box 3 to vertically displace, and the passive driving member 17 is fixedly connected with the base 1 and the second mold box 3 and can adjust the vertical height, so that the passive driving member 17 can limit the motion direction of the second mold box 3 to keep the second mold box vertical, and can also share a part of supporting force, thereby reducing the power requirement of the weight of the second mold box 3 on the active driving member 18.
In a specific application, the passive driving member 17 may be a telescopic rod, a telescopic cylinder, a compression spring, etc. having a telescopic function. Further, the passive drives 17 can be distributed in a plurality for uniform support and vertical guidance of the second mold box 3. In this embodiment, the passive driving member 17 is a telescopic cylinder.
In a particular application, the active drive member 18 is primarily used to actively drive the second mold box 3 in vertical displacement.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, as a possible structure of the active driving member 18, it includes a second reaction frame 19, a second power element 20 fixed on the second reaction frame 19, and a sliding plate 21 connected to the power end of the second power element 20, where the sliding plate 21 can move with the power end of the second power element 20 to slide on the upper end surface of the base 1; the upper end of the sliding plate 21 is provided with an inclined supporting surface e along the moving direction of the second power element 20, and a second sliding groove 22 is arranged on the supporting surface e along the inclined direction; the bottom of the second mold box 3 is provided with a second roller 23, and the second roller 23 is matched in the second chute 22.
In a possible structure of the driving member 18, the structure, material, model, etc. of the second reaction frame 19 and the second power element 20 can be implemented with reference to the first reaction frame 14 and the first power element 15, which will not be described in detail herein.
When the simulation model box is used, due to the inclined arrangement of the supporting surface e, the second sliding groove 22 on the supporting surface e forms an inclined groove body structure arranged in the same direction as the moving direction of the second power element 20, when the sliding plate 21 is driven by the second power element 20 to slide in a translational manner, due to the fact that the second roller 23 is arranged in the second sliding groove 22, under the inclined arrangement of the second sliding groove 22, the second roller 23 can also slide downwards or upwards along with the inclined direction of the second sliding groove 22, and further the height of the second model box 3 on the sliding plate is changed in the process, so that the second model box 3 can realize vertical lifting movement under the translational movement of the sliding plate 21, vertical displacement is carried out, and the inclined sliding fault of the second model box 3 can be simulated.
In a specific application, the second sliding chute 22 may be arranged in a plurality in parallel at intervals, so that each second sliding chute 22 can be paired with one or more second rollers 23, which can reduce the friction between the second mold box 3 and the sliding plate 21, and the sliding plate 21 can slide more smoothly.
Furthermore, the upper end of the sliding plate 21 forms two continuous supporting surfaces e, and a vertical section f is formed at the continuous position of the two supporting surfaces e. In the structure, because two supporting surfaces e are arranged, the number of the second sliding grooves 22 and the second rollers 23 on the sliding plate can be increased, the sliding effect and the supporting effect of the sliding plate 21 are further increased, and meanwhile, when the sliding plate 21 slides, the vertical section f can abut against the sliding of one side or the second sliding grooves 22 to limit the position, so that the maximum displacement or the minimum displacement of the sliding plate 21 can be limited, the second rollers 23 are prevented from excessively displacing to slide out of the second sliding grooves 22, and the situation that the height of the second model box 3 is changed excessively to cause damage, failure and the like due to misoperation can be avoided.
In a specific application, a limiting plate 24 is arranged on the base 1 along the moving direction of the second power element 20, and the limiting plate 24 is arranged on one side or two sides of the sliding plate 21 for limiting the sliding plate 21 to move along the moving direction of the second power element 20.
On the basis of the structure, when the structure is implemented, the driven driving parts 17 can be arranged in two rows at intervals, each row is provided with a plurality of the driven driving parts, the sliding plates 21 can be arranged between the two rows of the driven driving parts 17 and move along the arrangement direction of the driven driving parts 17, so that the two can be staggered to avoid mutual influence, the complex design of the structure is reduced, and the space is reasonably utilized for structure arrangement. In particular, the second power member 20 can be arranged and moved in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the first power member 15, so that it can be distinguished from the first power member 15 without being affected by the corresponding movement.
On the basis of the above structure, in specific implementation, when the first power element 15 and the second power element 20 both adopt hydraulic telescopic cylinders, the two can be provided with a plurality of hydraulic telescopic cylinders to provide enough power requirements, and the corresponding hydraulic pipeline structure can be provided with a hydraulic supply system and a hydraulic control system which are externally connected, so as to control hydraulic opening and closing, the size of liquid flow, the flow rate and the like.
The above is a detailed description of the fault-action fault simulation test system in this embodiment, and in order to further improve and implement the fault-action fault simulation test system, the second embodiment of the present invention further discloses a fault-action fault simulation test method based on the fault-action fault simulation test system, which includes the following steps:
s1, determining the mutual splicing side wall section angle of a first model box 2 and a second model box 3 based on simulation test requirements, and fixing the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 on the table top of an earthquake simulation vibrating table to form a complete box body structure;
in the step, the required section angle can be selected according to the requirements of a simulation test, so that the inclination angle of the fault material g is changed, the influence of fault inclination angle change on the dynamic response of the tunnel structure can be researched, the influence of fault sliding on the dynamic response of the tunnel structure can also be researched, and a design basis is provided for the tunnel engineering design.
S2, arranging energy-absorbing boundary plates 11 on the inner side walls of the first mold box 2 and the second mold box 3;
s3, determining a surrounding rock material, a fault material g and a tunnel model f material according to geological conditions to be simulated, and building a tunnel model f;
in the step, the corresponding material can be selected according to actual geological conditions, the fault material g can be selected according to needs, such as gravel is selected for simulation, the tunnel model f can be manufactured according to a real tunnel design drawing according to a certain reduced scale, common materials can be composed of materials such as particle concrete or gypsum, barite, quartz sand and the like, the materials such as the gypsum, the barite, the quartz sand and the like are subjected to an orthogonal test to obtain the optimal mix proportion, physical and mechanical property parameters need to strictly meet the similar relation, and after the composition and the mix proportion of the materials of the surrounding rock, the fault material and the tunnel model are determined, the physical and mechanical property parameters of the surrounding rock, the fault and the tunnel model meet the similar proportion, and the test can be started. Because the specific process of determining the surrounding rock material, the fault material g and the tunnel model f material and building the tunnel model f in the step is mature in the prior art, further description is not needed in the step, and a person skilled in the art can implement the method according to the prior art and geological conditions.
S4, filling surrounding rock and fault materials g in the first model box and the second model box, wherein the fault materials g are arranged at the mutual splicing positions of the first model box 2 and the second model box 3 and are obliquely filled along the same angle of the side wall section, a tunnel model f is embedded at a design height, and sensors are synchronously installed when the filling materials and the embedded tunnel model f are used for acquiring dynamic response data of the surrounding rock and/or the tunnel model under the action of an earthquake;
in the step, the sensors can be accelerometers, soil pressure cells, strain gauges, displacement gauges and other sensors and are used for acquiring data such as acceleration, stress, strain, displacement and the like of a surrounding rock, a fault or a tunnel model f in the test process.
S5, starting an earthquake simulation vibrating table to perform earthquake simulation, so that the tunnel model f is subjected to earthquake action;
s6, executing according to the simulation test requirement:
starting the first driving part 4, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the first driving part 4, controlling the speed and the distance of the horizontal movement of the first model box 2, and realizing the simulation of the sliding fault with different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
or starting the second driving part 5, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the second driving part 5, and controlling the speed and the distance of the vertical movement of the second model box 3 to realize the simulation of the inclined sliding fault at different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
or synchronously starting the first driving part 4 and the second driving part 5, adjusting the movement speed and displacement of the first driving part 4 and the second driving part 5, synchronously controlling the speed and distance of the horizontal movement of the first model box 2 and the vertical movement of the second model box 3, and realizing the coupled simulation of the slip fault and the inclined slip fault with different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
and S7, acquiring test data through the sensor, closing the first driving part 4 and/or the second driving part 5 after data acquisition is completed, and completing a simulation test.
Based on the dislocation type fault simulation test method, the dynamic response influence of the walk slip fault, the dip slip fault and the coupling of the walk slip fault and the dip slip fault on the tunnel structure under the action of the earthquake can be simulated, further tunnel structure dynamic response tests of various fault types can be carried out in combination with test requirements, the dynamic behavior of fault slip under the action of the earthquake can be truly simulated, the problem of fault slip of more different types can be simulated, more variables are coupled, the test result is more authentic, accurate and reliable, the tunnel structure earthquake damage mechanism and the anti-shock measure under the fault slip caused by the earthquake can be researched by analyzing corresponding test result data acquired in the test process, and more reasonable theoretical basis and technical support are provided for actual engineering.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A dislocation type fault simulation test system is characterized by comprising a base, a first model box and a second model box, wherein the first model box and the second model box are arranged on the base, and one opposite sides of the first model box and the second model box are provided with openings and can be spliced into a box body structure with an opening at the upper part;
the device also comprises a first driving piece and a second driving piece;
the first driving part is connected with the first model box and used for driving the first model box to horizontally and transversely displace relative to the second model box so as to simulate a slip fault;
the second driving piece is connected with the second model box and used for driving the second model box to vertically displace relative to the first model box so as to simulate a slip fault.
2. The dislocation fault simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the side walls of the first and second mold boxes are both cross-sections, and the cross-section angles of the cross-sections are the same to form a complete abutting surface after the first and second mold boxes are spliced.
3. A dislocation-type fault simulation test system according to claim 2, wherein the section angle is 45 °, 60 °, 70 ° or 0 °.
4. A dislocation type fault simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the outer sides of the side walls of the first model box and the second model box which are spliced with each other are provided with paired connecting plates, the connecting plate of the first model box is provided with a vertical through groove arranged along the vertical displacement direction of the second model box, the connecting plate of the second model box is provided with a transverse through groove arranged along the horizontal transverse displacement direction of the first model box, and the paired connecting plates are paired and connected through a connecting piece penetrating through the transverse through groove and the vertical through groove.
5. The dislocation type fault simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein a first roller is arranged at the bottom of the first model box, a first sliding groove matched with the first roller is arranged at the upper end of the base, and the first sliding groove is arranged along the horizontal transverse displacement direction of the first model box.
6. The dislocation fault simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the first driving member comprises a first reaction frame, a first power element fixed on the first reaction frame, and a support member connected to a power end of the first power element, the support member being fixed to the first casing outer side wall.
7. The dislocation fault simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the second drive member comprises:
the driven driving part is fixed between the base and the second model box and can move along with the vertical displacement of the second model box so as to change the vertical height;
and the driving part is arranged at the upper end of the base and is used for driving the second model box to vertically displace.
8. The dislocation fault simulation test system according to claim 7, wherein the active drive member comprises a second reaction frame, a second power element fixed on the second reaction frame, and a sliding plate connected to a power end of the second power element, the sliding plate being movable with the power end of the second power element to slide on the upper end surface of the base;
the upper end of the sliding plate is provided with an inclined supporting surface along the motion direction of the second power element, and the supporting surface is provided with a second sliding chute along the inclined direction;
and a second roller is arranged at the bottom of the second model box and is matched in the second chute.
9. The dislocation fault simulation test system according to claim 8, wherein the upper end of the sliding plate forms two continuous supporting surfaces, and the continuous part of the two supporting surfaces forms a vertical section.
10. The dislocation-type fault simulation test system according to claim 8, wherein the base is provided with a limiting plate along the motion direction of the second power element, and the limiting plate is arranged on one side of the sliding plate and used for limiting the movement of the sliding plate along the motion direction of the second power element.
11. A dislocation fault simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first and second mould boxes are each enclosed by a plurality of side panels to form a square box structure open at the top and opposite sides;
the inner walls of the side plates of the first model box and the second model box are both provided with energy-absorbing boundary plates;
and the outer walls of the side plates of the first model box and the second model box are provided with criss-cross reinforcing plates.
12. A dislocation type fault simulation test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining a side wall section angle of a first model box and a second model box which are spliced with each other based on simulation test requirements, and fixing the first model box and the second model box on a table top of an earthquake simulation vibration table to form a complete box body structure;
s2, arranging energy-absorbing boundary plates on the inner side walls of the first model box and the second model box;
s3, determining a surrounding rock material, a fault material and a tunnel model material according to geological conditions to be simulated, and building a tunnel model;
s4, filling surrounding rock and fault materials in the first model box and the second model box, wherein the fault materials are arranged at the mutual splicing positions of the first model box and the second model box and are obliquely filled along with the same angle of the side wall section, a tunnel model is embedded at a design height, and sensors are synchronously installed when the filling materials and the tunnel model are embedded for acquiring dynamic response data of the surrounding rock and/or the tunnel model under the action of an earthquake;
s5, starting an earthquake simulation vibrating table to perform earthquake simulation, so that the tunnel model is subjected to earthquake action;
s6, executing according to the simulation test requirement:
starting the first driving part, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the first driving part, controlling the speed and the distance of the horizontal movement of the first model box, and realizing the simulation of the sliding fault at different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
or starting the second driving part, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the second driving part, and controlling the speed and the distance of the vertical movement of the second model box to realize the simulation of the inclined sliding fault at different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
or synchronously starting the first driving part and the second driving part, adjusting the movement speed and the displacement of the first driving part and the second driving part, synchronously controlling the speed and the distance of the horizontal movement of the first model box and the vertical movement of the second model box, and realizing the coupled simulation of the slip fault and the inclined slip fault at different sliding speeds and sliding distances;
and S7, acquiring test data through a sensor, closing the first driving part and/or the second driving part after data acquisition is finished, and finishing a simulation test.
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Inventor after: Xin Chunlei Inventor after: Yang Fei Inventor after: Li Wenhui Inventor after: Feng Wenkai Inventor before: Yang Fei Inventor before: Li Wenhui Inventor before: Feng Wenkai Inventor before: Xin Chunlei |