CN116380382A - Fault fracture zone geometric characteristic variable walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device and method - Google Patents
Fault fracture zone geometric characteristic variable walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fault fracture zone geometric feature variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device and method. The soil body and the tunnel model are arranged in the fixed disc model box and the staggered disc model box and penetrate through the layered shearing assembly; the fixed disc model box is firmly connected with the rigid ground, and the dislocation disc model box can move along the horizontal direction; the laminated shearing assembly is provided with 11 layers in total, a bearing is arranged between the layers for generating dislocation displacement, a bolt hole is arranged between the layers for limiting the dislocation displacement, and the middle three layers are oblique shearing layers with an angle of 75 degrees, so that different angles can be replaced according to test requirements; vertical pressurization assemblies are arranged at the tops of the fixed disc model box and the staggered disc model box, and vertical pressure is applied to the fixed disc model box and the staggered disc model box by the vertical pressurization assemblies through screwing bolts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a sliding fault dislocation simulation device and method with variable geometric characteristics of a fault fracture zone.
Background
The understanding of dislocation mode of faults and disaster mechanism of tunnel crossing movable faults in earthquake is shallow at home and abroad, the domestic current standards still mainly avoid faults, and systematic design guidance is not formed for tunnel crossing engineering. The model test can effectively control test conditions and test processes, and reproduce fault dislocation, and becomes one of important means for acquiring related data. At present, fault dislocation simulation devices mostly adopt jacks to load dislocation discs along fixed angles, the loading mode cannot effectively simulate the internal displacement distribution mode of fault fracture zones, meanwhile, most of sliding fault dislocation simulation test devices only simulate specific working conditions (such as determined fault zone width, inclination angles and the like), and the cost of developing a set of test devices for each engineering condition is huge, so that a test device with a certain degree of universality is needed for researching the influence of sliding fault dislocation on an underground structure.
Chinese patent CN202211645721.9 discloses a dislocation type fault simulation test system and method, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The system comprises a base, a first model box and a second model box which are arranged on the base, wherein one side opposite to the first model box and the second model box is provided with an opening and can be spliced into a box body structure with an opening at the upper part; the device also comprises a first driving piece and a second driving piece; the first driving piece is connected with the first model box and is used for driving the first model box to horizontally and transversely displace relative to the second model box so as to simulate a sliding fault; the second driving piece is connected with the second model box and is used for driving the second model box to vertically displace relative to the first model box so as to simulate a dip fault. The method is applied to the system. The dynamic behavior of fault sliding under the action of an earthquake can be more truly simulated, the coupling action of a walk sliding fault and a dip sliding fault and the two can be simulated, the problem that a conventional vibrating table model box cannot simulate fault sliding or can only simulate single-direction sliding is solved, but the self-loading device is provided, so that the self-loading device is quasi-static loading which can only be used for simulating fault sliding to study the influence on a tunnel, the influence of continuous input ground vibration on the tunnel cannot be completely and truly reflected, meanwhile, the angle which can be selected by the self-loading device is limited, the effect of a fault breaking belt in fault sliding cannot be simulated, and the self-loading device has certain limitation on practical engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a fault sliding fault dislocation simulation device and method with variable geometrical characteristics for exploring the influence of fault sliding dislocation on a tunnel structure.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a fault fracture zone geometric feature variable walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device utilizes soil mass and tunnel model to set fault to be simulated in the walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device, comprises a fixed disc model box, a dislocation disc model box, a vertical pressurizing assembly and a layered shearing assembly,
one end of the layered shearing component is connected with the fixed disc model box, the other end of the layered shearing component is connected with the dislocation disc model box, vertical pressurizing components are arranged in the fixed disc model box and the dislocation disc model box, soil bodies and tunnel models are arranged in the fixed disc model box and the dislocation disc model box and penetrate through the layered shearing component, and the vertical pressurizing components are used for applying vertical pressure to the soil bodies and the tunnel models in the fixed disc model box and the dislocation disc model box;
the lamellar shear assembly comprises a first lamellar shear box and a second lamellar shear box, the first lamellar shear box is connected with the fixed disc model box or the staggered disc model box respectively, the first lamellar shear box is used for simulating the width of a fault, the two ends of the second lamellar shear box are respectively provided with the first lamellar shear box, the angle of the second lamellar shear box is adjustable, and the second lamellar shear box is used for simulating the dip angle of the fault.
Further, the walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device further comprises a vibrating table, the fixed plate model box is firmly connected with the rigid ground, the dislocation plate model box is fixed above the vibrating table, and the dislocation plate model box moves along the vibrating direction of the vibrating table (the vibrating direction is the horizontal direction parallel to the ground) by controlling the input of the earthquake waves of the vibrating table, so that the first lamellar shearing box and the second lamellar shearing box are driven to move along the horizontal direction.
Further, the fixed disc model box and the dislocation disc model box are respectively fixed above different vibrating tables, so that the dynamic response of the tunnel under the action of dynamic load is studied.
Further, the fixed disc model box and the dislocation disc model box all comprise a box body, the box body comprises five closed surfaces and an opening surface, the opening surface is positioned on the opposite surfaces of the fixed disc model box and the dislocation disc model box, the first lamellar shearing box is respectively connected with the fixed disc model box and the dislocation disc model box through the opening surface, and the vertical pressurizing assembly is arranged on the upper closed surface and the lower closed surface of the box body.
The box body is formed by welding an open type high-strength steel wall surface.
The fixed disk model box and the staggered disk model box further comprise rotating shafts, door bolts and rigid grids, wherein the rigid grids are arranged on the front and rear sealing surfaces of the box body, the door bolts are arranged on the side sealing surfaces of the box body, the rotating shafts are arranged at the connecting positions of the side sealing surfaces and the rear sealing surfaces of the box body,
the rigid grid is used for increasing the rigidity of the fixed disc model box or the staggered disc model box for resisting the staggered motion along the horizontal direction.
The vertical pressurizing assembly comprises a metal handle, a metal plate, a force transmission cross grid frame and a force transmission metal shaft, wherein the upper end of the force transmission metal shaft penetrates through an upper sealing surface of the box body to be connected with the metal handle, the lower end of the force transmission metal shaft is connected with the force transmission cross grid frame, the metal plate is arranged at the lower end of the force transmission cross grid frame and is arranged in a fixed disc model box or a staggered disc model box, the metal plate is connected with a soil body and a tunnel model in the fixed disc model box or the staggered disc model box, the rotary metal handle transmits pressure to the force transmission cross grid frame through the force transmission metal shaft, the force transmission cross grid frame transmits the pressure to the metal plate uniformly, and the metal plate applies the pressure to the soil body and the upper portion of the tunnel model.
Further, the lamellar shear assembly is provided with 11 layers, four first lamellar shear boxes are respectively arranged at two ends of each second lamellar shear box, directional bearings are arranged between every two adjacent first lamellar shear boxes, directional bearings are arranged between every two adjacent second lamellar shear boxes, the first lamellar shear boxes and the second lamellar shear boxes, the fixed disc model boxes or the staggered disc model boxes are connected through the directional bearings, the directional bearings are used for generating staggered displacement, and the lamellar shear assembly is driven to generate staggered motion along the arrangement direction of the directional bearings through the staggered disc model boxes.
Further, a brake bolt is arranged at the top end of the first lamellar shear box, adjacent brake bolts are inserted to enable the adjacent first lamellar shear boxes to keep synchronous, and further dislocation displacement is limited, so that the width of the fault fracture zone is changed.
Further, the first lamellar shear box and the second lamellar shear box are formed by welding four connected open-type high-strength steel walls.
The three second lamellar shear boxes are rectangular shear boxes with tangential surfaces, and the tangential surfaces are provided with directional bearings for enabling the three second lamellar shear boxes to be staggered along different angles on a horizontal plane.
The angles of the three second laminar shear boxes are 60-90 degrees, and the angles of the middle three layers can be prefabricated and directly replaced according to test requirements, so that the angle change of the fault fracture zone is realized.
In addition, the invention also provides a simulation test method of the fault fracture zone geometric feature variable walk-slip fault movement simulation device, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, determining fault inclination angle parameters and fault fracture band width parameters according to faults required to be simulated in a test, designing according to a test similarity ratio, selecting model rock mass materials according to surrounding rock parameters, and manufacturing a tunnel model;
s2, splicing lamellar shear components with corresponding dip angles according to fault parameters, and controlling the width of the fault fracture zone to be simulated in a mode of inserting a bolt to fix the first lamellar shear box;
s3, paving and configuring soil bodies to the height of a tunnel model at the bottoms of the fixed disc model boxes and the staggered disc model boxes, installing corresponding sensors at positions where data are required to be acquired after installing the tunnel models in the fixed disc model boxes and the staggered disc model boxes, and then filling upper earth covering;
s4, placing the dislocation disc model box on a vibrating table, controlling the dislocation disc model box to generate dislocation through controlling the vibrating table, so as to drive the layered shearing assembly to dislocation along the arrangement direction of the directional bearing, and further realizing the sliding fault dislocation simulation test with variable geometric characteristics of the fault breaking belt.
Further, in step S2, the layered shear assembly may be prefabricated in advance according to a desired angle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the test device and the test method can effectively simulate the influence of displacement of the fault fracture zone on the tunnel structure caused by the fault sliding fault dislocation;
2. the test device has simple structure and low manufacturing and maintenance cost;
3. the power input of the dislocation disc of the test device is a vibrating table, compared with the pseudo static force input of a jack, the power input of the vibrating table can simulate the input of earthquake waves better, and the ideal simulation mode is to use a plurality of vibrating tables for fault simulation of the vibrating table test, and the dislocation of faults is realized by the differential input of earthquake waves;
4. the invention can simulate the fault fracture zone, the test device controls the width of the fault fracture zone by inserting the bolt to limit the displacement of the layered shearing boxes and controlling the number of the layered shearing boxes participating in the dislocation;
5. according to the invention, the fault inclination angle can be freely selected from 60-90 degrees according to actual engineering, and is not limited to a specific angle, and the inclination angle of the fault fracture zone can be changed through assembling and replacing the middle three layers;
6. the test device is simple and easy to operate, the universality is strong, the test method is simple and easy to realize, the layered shearing assembly can effectively simulate the sliding fault dislocation process according to specific working conditions, and the problem of the universality of the conventional test device is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a vertical compression assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a layered shear assembly according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. the device comprises a fixed disc model box, 11, a rotating shaft, 12, a box body, 13, a door bolt, 14, a rigid grid, 2, a staggered disc model box, 3, a vertical pressurizing assembly, 31, a metal plate, 32, a force transmission cross grid, 33, a force transmission metal shaft, 4, a lamellar shearing assembly, 41, a directional bearing, 42, a first lamellar shearing box, 43, a brake bolt, 44 and a second lamellar shearing box.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a fault fracture zone geometry variable walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device, in which faults to be simulated are set by using soil and tunnel models, comprising a fixed-disc model box 1, a dislocation-disc model box 2, a vertical pressurizing assembly 3 and a layered shearing assembly 4,
one end of the layered shearing component 4 is connected with the fixed disc model box 1, the other end of the layered shearing component 4 is connected with the staggered disc model box 2, vertical pressurizing components 3 are arranged in the fixed disc model box 1 and the staggered disc model box 2, soil bodies and tunnel models are arranged in the fixed disc model box 1 and the staggered disc model box 2 and penetrate through the layered shearing component 4, and the vertical pressurizing components 3 are used for applying vertical pressure to soil bodies and tunnel models in the fixed disc model box 1 and the staggered disc model box 2;
the lamellar shear component 4 comprises a first lamellar shear box 42 and a second lamellar shear box 44, the first lamellar shear box 42 is connected with the fixed disc model box 1 or the staggered disc model box 2 respectively, the first lamellar shear box 42 is used for simulating the width of a fault, the two ends of the second lamellar shear box 44 are respectively provided with the first lamellar shear box 42, the angle of the second lamellar shear box 44 is adjustable, and the second lamellar shear box 44 is used for simulating the dip angle of the fault.
In this embodiment, the sliding fault dislocation simulation device further includes a vibrating table, the fixed disc model box 1 is firmly connected with the rigid ground, the dislocation disc model box 2 is fixed above the vibrating table, and the dislocation disc model box 2 is made to move along the vibrating direction of the vibrating table (the vibrating direction is a horizontal direction parallel to the ground) by controlling the input of the seismic waves of the vibrating table, so as to drive the first lamellar shear box 42 and the second lamellar shear box 44 to perform dislocation along the horizontal direction.
In this embodiment, the fixed disc mold 1 and the dislocation disc mold 2 are respectively fixed above different vibration tables, so as to study the dynamic response of the tunnel under the action of dynamic load.
In this embodiment, the fixed disc mold box 1 and the staggered disc mold box 2 each include a box body 12, the box body 12 is composed of five closed surfaces and an opening surface, the opening surfaces are located on opposite surfaces of the fixed disc mold box 1 and the staggered disc mold box 2, the first layered shearing box 42 is connected with the fixed disc mold box 1 and the staggered disc mold box 2 through the opening surfaces, and the vertical pressurizing assembly 3 is arranged on upper and lower closed surfaces of the box body 12.
In this embodiment, the case 12 is welded by an open type high strength steel wall.
In this embodiment, the fixed disk mold 1 and the staggered disk mold 2 further comprise a rotating shaft 11, a latch 13 and a rigid grid 14, wherein the rigid grid 14 is arranged on the front and rear sealing surfaces of the case 12, the latch 13 is arranged on the side sealing surface of the case 12, the rotating shaft 11 is arranged at the joint of the side sealing surface and the rear sealing surface of the case 12,
the rigid grid 14 serves to increase the rigidity of the fixed disk mold 1 or the stagger disk mold 2 against staggering in the horizontal direction.
In this embodiment, the vertical compression assembly 3 includes a metal handle, a metal plate 31, a force transmission cross grid 32 and a force transmission metal shaft 33, the upper end of the force transmission metal shaft 33 passes through the upper sealing surface of the box 12 and is connected with the metal handle, the lower end of the force transmission metal shaft 33 is connected with the force transmission cross grid 32, the lower end of the force transmission cross grid 32 is provided with the metal plate 31, the metal plate 31 is arranged in the fixed disc model box 1 or the staggered disc model box 2, the metal plate 31 is connected with the soil body and the tunnel model in the fixed disc model box 1 or the staggered disc model box 2, the rotating metal handle transmits pressure to the force transmission cross grid 32 through the force transmission metal shaft 33, the force transmission cross grid 32 uniformly transmits pressure to the metal plate 31, and the metal plate 31 applies pressure on the upper portion of the soil body and the tunnel model.
In this embodiment, the laminated cutting assembly 4 is provided with 11 layers, two ends of three second laminated cutting boxes 44 are respectively provided with four first laminated cutting boxes 42, directional bearings 41 are arranged between adjacent second laminated cutting boxes 44, the first laminated cutting boxes 42 and the second laminated cutting boxes 44, the fixed disc type mould boxes 1 or the staggered disc type mould boxes 2 are connected through the directional bearings 41, the directional bearings 41 are used for generating staggered displacement, and the laminated cutting assembly 4 is driven by the staggered disc type mould boxes 2 to generate staggered displacement along the arrangement direction of the directional bearings 41.
In this embodiment, the top end of the first lamellar shear box 42 is provided with a brake bolt 43, and adjacent brake bolts 43 are inserted to enable the adjacent first lamellar shear boxes 42 to keep synchronous, so that dislocation displacement is limited, and the width of the fracture zone is changed.
In this embodiment, the first lamellar shear box 42 and the second lamellar shear box 44 are welded from four connected open high strength steel walls.
In this embodiment, the three second lamellar shear boxes 44 are rectangular shear boxes with tangential surfaces, and the tangential surfaces are provided with directional bearings 41, and the directional bearings 41 are used to enable the three second lamellar shear boxes 44 to be staggered along different angles on a horizontal plane.
In this embodiment, the angles of the three second laminar shear boxes 44 are 60 ° to 90 °, and the middle three-layer angles can be prefabricated and directly replaced according to the test requirements, so as to realize the change of the angle of the fault fracture zone.
In this embodiment, according to the inclination angle parameters of the fault in the actual working condition, the middle three layered shearing boxes with angles are prefabricated in the factory, after the three rectangular shearing boxes are beveled according to the preset angles, the directional bearing 41 is installed on the tangential plane, when the device is assembled, the diagonal plane with the directional bearing 41 is installed parallel to the ground, the prefabricated angles are 65 °, 70 ° and 75 ° in advance, and if special angle prefabrication is actually needed, the device can be used.
In addition, the invention also provides a simulation test method of the fault fracture zone geometric feature variable walk-slip fault movement simulation device, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, determining fault inclination angle parameters and fault fracture band width parameters according to faults required to be simulated in a test, designing according to a test similarity ratio, selecting model rock mass materials according to surrounding rock parameters, and manufacturing a tunnel model;
s2, splicing the lamellar shearing assembly 4 with a corresponding dip angle according to fault parameters, wherein the lamellar shearing assembly 4 can be prefabricated in advance according to a required angle, and the width of a fault fracture zone to be simulated is controlled in a mode of inserting a bolt to fix the first lamellar shearing box 42;
s3, paving and configuring soil bodies to the height of a tunnel model at the bottoms of the box bodies 12 of the fixed disc model box 1 and the staggered disc model box 2, installing corresponding sensors at positions where data are required to be acquired after installing the tunnel model in the box bodies 12 of the fixed disc model box 1 and the staggered disc model box 2, and then filling upper covering soil;
s4, placing the dislocation disc model box 2 on a vibrating table, controlling the dislocation disc model box 2 to generate dislocation through controlling the vibrating table, so as to drive the layered shearing assembly 4 to dislocation along the arrangement direction of the directional bearing 41, and further realizing the sliding fault dislocation simulation test with variable geometric characteristics of the fault breaking belt.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the embodiment provides a fault-breaking belt geometric feature-variable walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device, which can not only adjust the angle of a fault-breaking belt, but also adjust the width of the fault-breaking belt, and can meet the test requirements of various working conditions.
As shown in fig. 1, the fault fracture zone geometric feature variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device comprises a fixed disc model box 1, a dislocation disc model box 2, a vertical pressurizing assembly 3, a lamellar shearing assembly 4 and a vibrating table loading device. The fixed disk mold 1 includes a rotating shaft 11, a case 12, a door bolt 13, and a rigid grill 14. The lamellar shear assembly 4 comprises an orientation bearing 41, a first lamellar shear box 42, a tumbler 43 and a second lamellar shear box 44. The fixed disc model box 1 is provided with an opening end at one end connected with the layered shearing assembly 4, the other five surfaces are sealing surfaces, the staggered disc model box 2 is provided with an opening end at one end connected with the layered shearing assembly 4, the other five surfaces are sealing surfaces, and configured soil bodies and tunnel models are arranged in the fixed disc model box 1 and the staggered disc model box 2; the upper parts of the fixed disc model box 1 and the dislocation disc model box 2 are respectively provided with a vertical pressurizing assembly 3.
During test, the dislocation disc model box 2 is placed on the vibrating table, and the dislocation disc model box is enabled to move along the vibrating direction of the vibrating table by controlling the input of earthquake waves of the vibrating table, so that the lamellar shear component 4 is driven to dislocate along the horizontal direction.
The fixed disc mold box 1 comprises a rotating shaft 11, a box body 12, a door bolt 13 and a rigid grid 14, wherein the fixed disc mold box is formed by welding a plurality of connected wall surfaces to form the box body 12, in the embodiment, the rotating shaft 11 and the door bolt 13 jointly form a door opening part of the fixed disc mold box 1, the rigid grid 14 is arranged for increasing the rigidity of the fixed disc mold box 1 for resisting dislocation along the horizontal direction, the part of the fixed disc mold box 1 facing the dislocation disc mold box 2 is an opening part, no wall surface is arranged, and the fixed disc mold box is connected with the lamellar shear assembly 4 through a directional bearing 41.
The dislocation disc model box 2 comprises a rotating shaft 11, a box body 12, a door bolt 13 and a rigid grid 14, the dislocation disc model box 2 is a middle shaft mirror image of the fixed disc model box 1 in structure, and the dislocation disc model box 2 can be dislocated along with the vibration table along the horizontal direction relative to the fixed disc model box 1, so that the lamellar shear component 4 is driven to dislocate along the horizontal direction.
As shown in fig. 2, the vertical compression assembly 3 comprises a metal handle, a bottom metal plate 31, a force transmission cross grid 32 and a force transmission metal shaft 33, wherein the force transmission metal shaft 33 is a long rod with threads, the force transmission metal shaft 33 transmits the pressure to the force transmission cross grid 32, the force transmission cross grid 32 transmits the pressure to the bottom metal plate 31 uniformly, and the bottom metal plate 31 applies the pressure to a soil body uniformly, so that the vertical loading of the soil body is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the lamellar shear assembly 4 comprises an orientation bearing 41, a first lamellar shear box 42, a tumbler 43 and a second lamellar shear box 44, the orientation bearing 41 being arranged in a horizontal direction, the application of an external force causing the bearing to roll and thereby form a dislocation; the first lamellar shear box 42 is formed by welding four connected open-type high-strength steel wall surfaces, faces the fixed disc model box 1 and the dislocation disc model box 2, a brake bolt 43 is arranged on the upper portion of the first lamellar shear box 42, a bolt can be inserted between two adjacent layers of brake bolts to stop displacement between the two adjacent layers of lamellar shear boxes, dislocation is further limited, and the width of a dislocation area can be effectively controlled in this way. For specific projects, a specific inclination angle is required, and the angle is prefabricated in advance and assembled to the assembled shear box displacement 44, so that the change of the inclination angle of the fault slope tunnel is realized.
In addition, the embodiment also provides a simulation test method of the fault fracture zone geometric feature variable walk-slip fault movement simulation device, which is selected from certain engineering example data and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Determining fault width and angle according to the geometrical characteristics of a fault fracture zone required to be simulated in a specific project, wherein the required simulated fault inclination angle is 75 degrees, the nuclear part width of the fracture zone is 200m, the geometrical similarity ratio is 1:20, inserting a bolt to enable the width of a dislocation area to be equal to the width of the nuclear fault fracture zone, and enabling the angle of the dislocation area to meet the project requirement by assembling a layered shearing box with an angle;
(2) The method comprises the steps of designing a resultant force ratio of a test soil body according to soil body parameters and a similarity ratio required by a test, loading the configured soil body into a box body 12 through a rotating shaft 11 and a door bolt 13, prefabricating a tunnel model according to a geometric similarity ratio, filling soil to the height of the tunnel model, then loading the tunnel model into a fixed disc model box 1 and a staggered disc model box 2, installing a sensor, and then filling and covering soil, wherein the sensor adopts six-point arrangement, namely, a central shaft of the tunnel is taken as an axis, and the sensor is arranged along a vault, a arch waist and arch feet;
(3) The metal handle of the vertical pressurizing assembly 3 is rotated, pressure is transmitted to the force transmission cross grid 32 through the force transmission metal shaft 33, the force transmission cross grid 32 uniformly transmits the pressure to the metal plate 31, the metal plate 31 uniformly applies the pressure on the upper part of a soil body, and the soil is covered by the lower pressure, so that the soil body is loaded;
(4) The fixed disc model box 1 is rigidly connected with the ground, the dislocation disc model box 2 is moved to the vibrating table to be fixed, and the fixed disc model box 1 and the dislocation disc model box 2 are required to be kept on the same horizontal plane;
(5) Seismic waves are input through the vibrating table, and sliding fault dislocation is simulated.
Test results: the arch springing and vault of the tunnel model are seriously damaged, through cracks are generated, and compared with past tunnel earthquake damage data, the method and the test method have good simulation effects.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fault fracture zone geometric feature variable walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device utilizes soil mass and tunnel model to set faults required to be simulated in the walk-slip fault dislocation simulation device, and is characterized by comprising a fixed disc model box (1), a dislocation disc model box (2), a vertical pressurizing assembly (3) and a lamellar shearing assembly (4),
one end of the layered shearing component (4) is connected with the fixed disc model box (1), the other end of the layered shearing component (4) is connected with the staggered disc model box (2), vertical pressurizing components (3) are arranged in the fixed disc model box (1) and the staggered disc model box (2), soil bodies and tunnel models are arranged in the fixed disc model box (1) and the staggered disc model box (2) and penetrate through the layered shearing component (4), and the vertical pressurizing components (3) are used for applying vertical pressure to the soil bodies and the tunnel models in the fixed disc model box (1) and the staggered disc model box (2);
the lamellar shear component (4) comprises a first lamellar shear box (42) and a second lamellar shear box (44), the first lamellar shear box (42) is connected with the fixed disc model box (1) or the staggered disc model box (2) respectively, the first lamellar shear box (42) is used for simulating the width of a fault, the two ends of the second lamellar shear box (44) are both provided with the first lamellar shear box (42), the angle of the second lamellar shear box (44) is adjustable, and the second lamellar shear box (44) is used for simulating the dip angle of the fault.
2. The fault breaking belt geometric feature variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising a vibrating table, wherein the fixed disc model box (1) is firmly connected with the rigid ground, the dislocation disc model box (2) is fixed above the vibrating table, and the dislocation disc model box (2) is made to move along the vibrating direction of the vibrating table by controlling the input of the earthquake waves of the vibrating table, so that the first lamellar shear box (42) and the second lamellar shear box (44) are driven to dislocate along the horizontal direction.
3. The fault breaking belt geometric feature variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) comprise a box body (12), the box body (12) is composed of five sealing surfaces and an opening surface, the opening surface is located on the opposite surfaces of the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2), the first lamellar shear box (42) is connected with the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) through the opening surface respectively, and the vertical pressurizing assembly (3) is arranged on the upper sealing surface and the lower sealing surface of the box body (12).
4. The fault breaking belt geometric feature variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device according to claim 3, wherein the fixed disc model box (1) and the dislocation disc model box (2) further comprise a rotating shaft (11), a door bolt (13) and a rigid grid (14), wherein the rigid grid (14) is arranged on the front sealing surface and the rear sealing surface of the box body (12), the door bolt (13) is arranged on the side sealing surface of the box body (12), the rotating shaft (11) is arranged at the joint of the side sealing surface and the rear sealing surface of the box body (12),
the rigid grid (14) is used for increasing the rigidity of the fixed disc model box (1) or the staggered disc model box (2) for resisting the staggered motion along the horizontal direction.
5. A fault breaking belt geometry variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that the vertical pressurizing assembly (3) comprises a metal handle, a metal plate (31), a force transmission cross grid (32) and a force transmission metal shaft (33), the upper end of the force transmission metal shaft (33) penetrates through the upper sealing surface of the box body (12) to be connected with the metal handle, the lower end of the force transmission metal shaft (33) is connected with the force transmission cross grid (32), the lower end of the force transmission cross grid (32) is provided with the metal plate (31), the metal plate (31) is arranged in the fixed disc model box (1) or the dislocation disc model box (2), the metal plate (31) is connected with a soil body and a tunnel model in the fixed disc model box (1) or the dislocation disc model box (2), the force transmission metal shaft (33) transmits pressure to the force transmission cross grid (32) through the force transmission metal shaft, the force transmission cross grid (32) uniformly transmits pressure to the metal plate (31), and the metal plate (31) applies pressure to the soil body and the soil body on the fixed disc model.
6. The fault fracture zone geometric feature variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein 11 layers of the layered shearing assembly (4) are arranged in total, four first layered shearing boxes (42) are respectively arranged at two ends of each of the three second layered shearing boxes (44), directional bearings (41) are arranged between every two adjacent first layered shearing boxes (42), directional bearings (41) are arranged between every two adjacent second layered shearing boxes (44), the first layered shearing boxes (42) and the second layered shearing boxes (44), the fixed disc model boxes (1) or the staggered disc model boxes (2) are connected through the directional bearings (41), the directional bearings (41) are used for generating dislocation displacement, and the layered shearing assembly (4) is driven to generate dislocation along the arrangement direction of the directional bearings (41) through the staggered disc model boxes (2).
7. The fault-breaking belt geometric variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device according to claim 6, wherein a brake bolt (43) is arranged at the top end of the first layered shearing box (42), and adjacent brake bolts (43) enable adjacent first layered shearing boxes (42) to be kept synchronous through inserting a bolt, so that dislocation displacement is limited, and therefore the width of the fault-breaking belt is changed.
8. The fault-fracturing band geometric variable slip fault-motion simulator of claim 1, wherein the first and second laminar shear boxes (42, 44) are welded from four connected open-top high strength steel walls.
9. The fault breaking belt geometric feature variable sliding fault dislocation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the three second lamellar shear boxes (44) are rectangular shear boxes with tangential planes, the tangential planes are provided with directional bearings (41), and the directional bearings (41) are used for enabling the three second lamellar shear boxes (44) to be dislocated along different angles on a horizontal plane;
the angles of the three second lamellar shear boxes (44) are 60-90 degrees.
10. A simulation test method of a fault-breaking belt geometrical-feature-variable walk-slip fault movement simulation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following specific steps:
s1, determining fault inclination angle parameters and fault fracture band width parameters according to faults required to be simulated in a test, designing according to a test similarity ratio, selecting model rock mass materials according to surrounding rock parameters, and manufacturing a tunnel model;
s2, splicing a lamellar shear component (4) with a corresponding dip angle according to fault parameters, and controlling the width of a fault fracture zone to be simulated in a mode of inserting a bolt to fix the first lamellar shear box (42);
s3, paving and configuring soil bodies to the height of a tunnel model at the bottoms of the box bodies (12) of the fixed disc model box (1) and the staggered disc model box (2), installing the tunnel model in the box bodies (12) of the fixed disc model box (1) and the staggered disc model box (2), installing corresponding sensors at positions where data are required to be acquired, and then adding upper covering soil;
s4, placing the dislocation disc model box (2) on a vibrating table, and controlling the dislocation disc model box (2) to generate dislocation through controlling the vibrating table, so as to drive the layered shearing assembly (4) to dislocation along the arrangement direction of the directional bearing (41), and further realize a sliding fault dislocation simulation test with variable geometric characteristics of the fault breaking belt.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117538004A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-02-09 | 成都理工大学 | Test system and method for simulating dynamic fault or fault-driven fault effect |
| CN117907571A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-04-19 | 山东大学 | Variable multilayer goaf simulation device, simulation method and detection system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117538004A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-02-09 | 成都理工大学 | Test system and method for simulating dynamic fault or fault-driven fault effect |
| CN117538004B (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-04-19 | 成都理工大学 | Test system and method for simulating dynamic fault or fault-driven fault effect |
| CN117907571A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-04-19 | 山东大学 | Variable multilayer goaf simulation device, simulation method and detection system |
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