CN115626725A - River channel point pollution treatment method and system - Google Patents

River channel point pollution treatment method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115626725A
CN115626725A CN202211130352.XA CN202211130352A CN115626725A CN 115626725 A CN115626725 A CN 115626725A CN 202211130352 A CN202211130352 A CN 202211130352A CN 115626725 A CN115626725 A CN 115626725A
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China
Prior art keywords
tank
water
biological
biological filler
treatment system
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CN202211130352.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张雷
华桂芬
曹卫国
孙军
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Shanghai Jianyu Enterprise Development Co ltd
Fengfa Group Co ltd
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Shanghai Jianyu Enterprise Development Co ltd
Fengfa Group Co ltd
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Priority to CN202211130352.XA priority Critical patent/CN115626725A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a river channel point pollution treatment system, which comprises a membrane tank type sewage treatment system, a biological corridor treatment system and a photovoltaic power supply system, wherein the membrane tank type sewage treatment system comprises a membrane tank type sewage treatment system and a photovoltaic power supply system; the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system are connected through a pipeline, the photovoltaic power supply system is electrically connected with the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system respectively, and the photovoltaic power supply system supplies power to the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system; the membrane tank type sewage treatment system comprises a filtering part, a water collecting tank and MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment; the biological corridor treatment system consists of an aeration zone, a biological filler zone and a composite biological floating bed zone.

Description

River channel point pollution treatment method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a river channel point pollution treatment method and a river channel point pollution treatment system.
Background
River regulation refers to the actions of promoting the restoration of a river water ecosystem by artificial restoration measures and constructing a healthy, complete and stable river water ecosystem on the basis of meeting the basic functions of river such as flood control, flood drainage, water diversion and the like in a river land control line. With the rapid development of modern industry, various environmental pollution problems, especially the pollution of river water, not only seriously affect the quality of underground water and are not beneficial to people, but also greatly affect the living environment of people, so that the river channel must be treated to improve the living environment of people.
In the traditional biological wastewater treatment technology, mud-water separation is completed in a secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity, the separation efficiency depends on the sedimentation performance of activated sludge, the sedimentation performance is better, and the mud-water separation efficiency is higher. The settleability of the sludge depends on the operating conditions of the aeration tank, and the operating conditions of the aeration tank must be strictly controlled to improve the settleability of the sludge, which limits the application range of the conventional activated sludge method.
River course point source pollution is that the historical problem of leaving over causes, and the pollution source form is complicated, and sewage flow and quality of water are unstable, and the pollution position dispersion, unable centralized processing, and it is great to river course quality of water influence. At present, no systematic treatment method exists for a river channel point pollution source, the flow and the water quality of river channel point pollution sewage are unstable, and a single water ecological method or biochemical treatment method cannot ensure stable water quality of outlet water. At present, the treatment mode of the point pollution source of the river channel is mainly to arrange an ecological floating island at a discharge port, degrade pollutants by using plants, take aquatic plants as main bodies, apply the principle of a soilless culture technology, take polymer materials and the like as carriers and substrates, and establish an artificial ecosystem by applying the symbiotic relationship among species so as to reduce the pollution load in a water body. The method is suitable for the situation that when the pollution amount of the river channel is small, the pollutant degradation needs a certain retention time, the ecological floating island cannot intercept pollutants, the pollutant degradation is not carried out in sufficient retention time, the treatment effect is slight, and most of sewage is directly discharged into the river channel under the condition that the water discharge amount of a discharge port is increased to cause pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method and a system for treating river spot pollution. According to the treatment system for the point pollution source of the river channel, provided by the invention, through the process of organically combining the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system, the integrated equipment with advanced process, proper specification and small occupied area is selected, and the treatment mode of the biological corridor is combined, so that the effluent quality can be ensured under the condition of increased water quantity, the cost can be reduced, the disturbance to the surrounding environment can be reduced, and the problems of unstable water quantity and difficult treatment of the point pollution source of the river channel are solved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a river channel point pollution treatment system comprises a membrane tank type sewage treatment system, a biological corridor treatment system and a photovoltaic power supply system;
the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system are connected through a pipeline, the photovoltaic power supply system is electrically connected with the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system respectively, and the photovoltaic power supply system supplies power to the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system;
the membrane tank type sewage treatment system comprises a filtering part, a water collecting tank and MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment;
the biological corridor treatment system comprises an aeration zone, a biological filler zone and a composite biological floating bed zone; the effluent of the membrane tank type sewage treatment system enters an aeration zone, then enters a biological filler zone and finally flows into a composite biological floating bed zone. The filtering part is a grid, the grid and the water collecting tank are arranged at a sewage discharge port in a river channel, sewage enters the water collecting tank after being filtered by the grid, and then is pumped into the MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment from the water collecting tank through a pump.
MBR membrane tank formula sewage treatment device includes: an MBR membrane treatment tank; a coagulating sedimentation tank, a biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, a biological filler aerobic reaction tank and a product zone are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the MBR membrane treatment tank; wherein the coagulating sedimentation tank is adjacent to the product area; the product zone comprises a clean water tank positioned at the upper part and a sludge tank positioned at the bottom of the clean water tank.
A frame body is erected at the upper part of the MBR membrane treatment tank, a first dosing tank and a second dosing tank are arranged on the frame body, and the first dosing tank is connected with a first metering pump; the second dosing box is connected with a second metering pump; the first dosing tank is used for adding polyaluminium chloride (PAC) for coagulating sedimentation, and the second dosing tank is used for adding sodium hypochlorite for backwashing of the membrane component.
Biological fillers are filled in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank and the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank; the biological filler is uniformly distributed and vertically arranged in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank and the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank.
Liquid level meters are respectively arranged in the water collecting tank, the coagulating sedimentation tank, the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, the biological filler aerobic reaction tank, the MBR membrane treatment tank, the first dosing tank, the second dosing tank, the clean water tank and the sludge tank.
The biological corridor treatment system is arranged in the river channel and is arranged along the river bank along the water flow direction of the river channel; the periphery of the biological corridor treatment system is provided with waterproof membranes to separate the effluent of the MBR membrane tank from river water, the upper ends of the waterproof membranes are wrapped by water supply pipes, so that the upper parts of the waterproof membranes can float on the water surface, and the lower ends of the waterproof membranes are provided with steel pipes, so that the PE membranes are kept in an upright state in the river.
The aeration zone adopts the mode of pipeline aeration, has seted up a plurality of apertures at regular intervals along aeration pipe length direction, and the aeration pipe is laid along the riverbed bottom ring-type.
The composite biological floating bed zone is provided with a floating disc, and the lower end of the floating disc is provided with a planting basket.
The invention also provides a river channel point pollution treatment method implemented by the river channel point pollution treatment system, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, filtering sewage from a filtering part, then, enabling the sewage to enter a water collecting tank, then, pumping the sewage into MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment from the water collecting tank, firstly, enabling particles which are difficult to precipitate in the water to be mutually polymerized to form colloid, wherein the colloid has strong adsorption force and can adsorb impurities, suspended matters, partial bacteria and soluble substances in the water;
s2, carrying out coagulating sedimentation on the sewage in the coagulating sedimentation tank to remove particles, and then allowing the sewage to enter a biological filler anaerobic reaction tank for anaerobic reaction;
s3, after anoxic reaction, the sewage in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank enters a biological filler aerobic reaction tank for aerobic reaction;
s4, after aerobic reaction, sewage in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank enters an MBR membrane treatment tank, the oxygen content of the MBR membrane treatment tank is increased by adopting a pipeline aeration mode in the MBR membrane treatment tank, and the aeration is intermittently aerated from the periphery to the middle direction and has impact property, so that the MBR membrane is driven to shake, sludge intercepted on the MBR membrane is shaken off, the MBR membrane is prevented from being blocked, and pollutants in water are further degraded by the MBR membrane treatment tank;
s5, discharging the sewage filtered by the MBR membrane into a clean water tank through a pipeline;
s6, delivering outlet water of a clean water tank of the membrane tank type sewage treatment system to an aeration area of the biological corridor treatment system, and delivering inlet water to an area of the aeration area far away from a biological filler area;
and S7, allowing water in the biological filler area to flow into the composite biological floating bed area, degrading pollutants in the water again in the composite biological floating bed area, increasing the hydraulic retention time, and further purifying river sewage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention solves the technical problems of unstable water quantity and difficult treatment of the pollution source at the river channel point by adopting the process of organically combining the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system, and greatly reduces the content of pollutants in sewage by utilizing MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment
(2) And the content of dissolved oxygen and microorganisms in water is greatly increased through the biological corridor treatment system, pollutants in the water are further reduced, and the occupied area, the cost and the disturbance to the surrounding environment are further reduced on the basis of ensuring the quality of the outlet water.
(3) According to the invention, a photovoltaic power supply system is adopted, many river channel point sources do not have power connection conditions, the photovoltaic system is arranged, the problem of system power supply can be solved, carbon emission of the system is reduced, energy is reduced, emission is reduced, and the peak is reached by boosting carbon.
(4) The invention adopts the process of organically combining the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system, solves the problem of river water ecological management when solving the problem of point pollution source water quality, and the biological corridor can help to establish an aquatic plant system and a microorganism system in a river channel and gradually improve the river water quality.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a river point pollution control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for treating pollution at a river site according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line F-F in FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line G-G in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The following examples will aid those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. All falling within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a river channel point pollution treatment system, which comprises a membrane tank type sewage treatment system, a biological corridor treatment system and a photovoltaic power supply system, wherein the membrane tank type sewage treatment system comprises a membrane tank type sewage treatment system and a photovoltaic power supply system;
the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system are connected through a pipeline, the photovoltaic power supply system is respectively connected with the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system is electrically connected, and the photovoltaic power supply system supplies power to the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system.
Embodiment 1 river channel point pollution treatment system
FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3-9 are schematic structural views of the system for treating pollution at a river site according to the present invention;
membrane tank type sewage treatment system
The membrane tank type sewage treatment system comprises a filtering part, a water collecting tank and MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment.
The filtering part is a grating; the grating is mainly used for filtering floating garbage and sundries; the sewage after impurity filtration is discharged into a collecting tank and then pumped into a membrane tank type sewage treatment device by a pump (a lifting pump can be used).
Grid and catch basin set up in the drain department in the river course, and the grid adopts the rotation grid and is fixed in catch basin bottom and both sides, and the grid width equals with the catch basin width, and sewage need can get into through the grid, can effectively separate the suspended substance in the sewage through the grid, can reduce aquatic chemical oxygen demand COD simultaneously.
The form of drain is more, has the pipeline formula, also has the culvert form. The sewage pipeline of the pipeline type sewage draining exit protrudes out of the river bank protection, so that sewage is easy to collect; the culvert-type sewage discharge outlet is usually partially or completely positioned below the water surface, and sewage directly enters a river channel through the opening and is not easy to collect. As shown in fig. 1, the water collecting tank designed by the invention is arranged at a sewage discharge port in a river channel, the water collecting tank is rectangular in overlook, one side surface directly adopts a river channel bank protection, the bottom of the water collecting tank is arranged along the bottom surface of the river channel and is in a slope shape, and the lowest part of the water collecting tank is provided with a horizontal bottom surface for placing a sewage lifting pump. So design, the catch basin can all collect all sewage of blowdown mouthful department, not communicate with the river course water.
The catch basin top lid has closed convex fretwork steel apron, is equipped with a plurality of circular apertures on the apron for the gas flow, and convex design can make debris such as leaf, resin that the bank air drifted off along the apron landing to the river course in, otherwise debris fall into the catch basin and cause the elevator pump to block up the scheduling problem easily.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment apparatus includes: a coagulating sedimentation tank, a biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, a biological filler aerobic reaction tank, an MBR membrane treatment tank and a product area.
The MBR membrane treatment tank is positioned in the middle of the MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment, and a coagulation sedimentation tank, a biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, a biological filler aerobic reaction tank and a product area are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the MBR membrane treatment tank; wherein the coagulating sedimentation tank is adjacent to the product area;
the product zone comprises a clean water tank positioned at the upper part and a sludge tank positioned at the bottom of the clean water tank, and a water production pump is arranged on the top plate of the clean water tank;
an opening for discharging sludge is formed in the bottom of the outer side of the tank body of the sludge tank, a cover plate covers the opening, and when sludge needs to be discharged, the cover plate is opened to discharge the sludge; when the sludge does not need to be discharged, the cover plate is in a covering state. The bottom of the sludge tank is designed in a slope manner, and the slope bottom is arranged at the opening, so that sludge is convenient to discharge.
A frame body is erected at the upper part of the MBR membrane treatment tank, a first dosing tank and a second dosing tank are arranged on the frame body, and the first dosing tank is connected with a first metering pump; the second dosing tank is connected with a second metering pump; the first dosing tank is used for adding polyaluminium chloride (PAC) for coagulating sedimentation, and the second dosing tank is used for adding sodium hypochlorite for backwashing of the membrane component. The first metering pump pumps polyaluminum chloride (PAC) in the first dosing tank into the coagulating sedimentation tank periodically, and the second metering pump pumps sodium hypochlorite from the second dosing tank into the MBR membrane treatment tank periodically.
A coagulating sedimentation tank water inlet is formed in one side, close to a product area, of the top of the coagulating sedimentation tank, a first partition plate is arranged between the coagulating sedimentation tank and the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, a first water passing opening is formed in the middle lower portion of the first partition plate, the first water passing opening is arranged in a plane grid shape, biological fillers in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank are prevented from flowing into the coagulating sedimentation tank, and sludge precipitated at the bottom in the coagulating sedimentation tank can also be prevented from entering the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank; and water in the coagulating sedimentation tank enters the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank through the first water passing port.
The biological filler anaerobic reaction tank mainly performs an anoxic denitrification reaction, and degrades nitrate nitrogen in water through the action of anaerobic microorganisms, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled. The biological filler anaerobic reaction tank is internally provided with biological filler, the biological filler is bound by a plurality of strings, the upper part of the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank is provided with a floating ball, and the lower part of the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank is provided with a counterweight, so that the biological filler is uniformly distributed and stands upright in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank. Anaerobic microorganisms in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank are attached to the biological filler to form an anaerobic biofilm, the specific surface area of the biological filler is large, the area of the formed anaerobic biofilm is also large, and the anaerobic biofilm can fully react with nitrate nitrogen in water to generate gas nitrogen (NO and NO) 2 ) Or further reduced to N 2 Or nitrate is converted into ammonia nitrogen, and biomacromolecules such as protein and the like are synthesized, so that sufficient denitrification is realized. Compared with the anaerobic tank in the prior art, the anaerobic reaction tank with the biological filler has the advantages that the filler which is uniformly distributed increases the attachment amount of anaerobic microorganisms, and the aim of denitrification can be fulfilled to a greater extent.
A second partition plate is arranged between the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank and the biological filler aerobic reaction tank, a second water passing port is arranged at the upper part of the second partition plate, and the second water passing port is also arranged in a plane grid shape, so that fillers in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank and the biological filler aerobic reaction tank are prevented from mutually circulating. The water inlet of biofilm carrier anaerobic reaction pond sets up the well lower part at the second baffle, and the delivery port setting of biofilm carrier anaerobic reaction pond is on the upper portion of second baffle, and this kind of mode of setting can make sewage dwell time in biofilm carrier anaerobic reaction pond longer, and the reaction is more abundant.
The biological filler aerobic reaction tank mainly performs aerobic nitration reaction, and removes organic matters in water through the action of aerobic microorganisms. The sewage can achieve the purpose of removing phosphorus in the water through the combined action of anaerobic denitrification and aerobic nitrification.
The biological filler aerobic reaction tank is filled with biological filler, the biological filler is bound by a plurality of strings, the upper part of the biological filler aerobic reaction tank is provided with a floating ball, and the lower part of the biological filler aerobic reaction tank is provided with a balance weight, so that the biological filler is uniformly distributed and vertically arranged in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank. The aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler adopts a pipeline aeration mode to increase the oxygen content in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler, the aeration pipe adopts an anticorrosive material, small holes are formed at certain intervals along the length direction of the pipe, the aeration pipe enters from the top of the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler, the aeration pipe is arranged along the periphery of the interior of the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler in an annular and multi-layer mode, and the intermittent aeration mode can ensure that the aeration in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler is uniform, and the aeration is carried out from the periphery to the middle direction, so that the aeration tank has impact property, the aeration tank can repeatedly move and fully aerate under the lifting and pushing action of aeration and water flow, and the problems of local stacking phenomenon of the biological filler and blockage of the biological filler are avoided. Aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler are attached to the surface of the biological filler to form an aerobic biological film, the specific surface area of the biological filler is large, the area of the formed aerobic biological film is also large, and the aerobic biological film can fully react with organic matters in water, so that the purpose of degrading the organic matters is achieved. Compared with a common aerobic tank, the biological filler aerobic reaction tank has the advantages that the annular multilayer surrounding form of the pipeline ensures that the aeration is more sufficient, the biological filler is more beneficial to the growth and the reaction of aerobic microorganisms, and the purpose of removing organic matters can be achieved to a greater extent.
A third partition plate is arranged between the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler and the MBR membrane treatment tank, a third water passing port is arranged at the lower part of the third partition plate, the third water passing port is arranged in a plane grid shape, the biological filler in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler is prevented from flowing into the MBR membrane treatment tank, and the water in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler enters the MBR membrane treatment tank through the third water passing port. The water inlet of the biological filler aerobic reaction tank is arranged at the upper part of the second partition plate, and the water outlet of the biological filler aerobic reaction tank is arranged at the lower part of the third partition plate.
The biological filler aerobic reaction tank mainly performs aerobic nitration reaction, and removes organic matters in water through the action of aerobic microorganisms. The sewage can achieve the purpose of removing phosphorus in the water through the combined action of anaerobic denitrification and aerobic nitrification.
Be provided with the membrane frame in the MBR membrane treatment tank, the MBR membrane is installed on the membrane frame, forms MBR membrane bioreactor, and is high to the clearance of pollutant, and anti-soil expansibility is strong. The MBR membrane treatment tank has higher sludge concentration, and further degrades pollutants in water. Adopt the pipeline aeration mode in the MBR membrane treatment tank, increase the oxygen content in MBR membrane treatment tank, the aeration pipe adopts anticorrosive material, set up the aperture along managing the length direction every certain distance, get into from MBR membrane treatment tank top, along the inside annular all around of MBR membrane treatment tank, the multilayer is laid, intermittent type formula aeration, this mode can make MBR membrane treatment tank aeration in even, and the aeration is from all around to middle direction intermittent type formula aeration, have the impact nature, can drive the MBR membrane shake, shake the mud of keeping back on the MBR membrane, prevent that the MBR membrane from blockking up.
A fourth clapboard is arranged between the MBR membrane treatment tank and the water production area, and a first pipeline opening is arranged at the top of the fourth clapboard. And a second pipeline port is arranged on the top plate of the clean water tank. The water inlet pipe of the water pump is communicated with the MBR membrane in the MBR membrane treatment tank through the first pipeline port, and the water outlet pipeline of the water pump is produced at the top of the clean water tank and enters the clean water tank through the second pipeline port. And water in the MBR membrane treatment tank is filtered by the MBR membrane and then pumped to a clean water tank by the water producing pump. And a third pipeline port is arranged on the clean water tank top plate, the third pipeline port is connected with a water outlet pump, and the water outlet pump is prevented from being connected with the clean water tank top plate. The top of the water production area is provided with a fifth pipeline port, the water outlet pump pumps out of the tank body from the clean water tank, an elbow is arranged after the pipeline is discharged out of the fifth pipe port at the top of the tank body, the pipeline is vertically downward along the outer side of the tank body, an ultraviolet disinfection device is arranged on the vertically downward pipeline to carry out ultraviolet disinfection on the discharged water of the tank body, and the disinfected water is discharged to the biological corridor treatment system.
And a fourth water passing port is arranged at the bottom of the fourth partition plate, is in a closed baffle shape and is normally in a closed state. And the fourth water passing port is connected with an automatic control system and is opened periodically according to set time, and water with higher sludge concentration at the bottom in the MBR membrane treatment tank is discharged into a sludge tank. And a fifth partition plate is arranged between the coagulation sedimentation tank and the water production area, a fifth water passing port is arranged at the lower part of the fifth partition plate, and the fifth water passing port is in a closed baffle shape and is normally in a closed state. And the fifth water passing port is connected with an automatic control system, is opened periodically according to set time, and discharges water with higher sludge concentration at the bottom of the coagulating sedimentation tank into a sludge tank.
Be provided with liquid level alarm device in the sludge impoundment, alarm device reports to the police when the water level in the sludge impoundment is more full, need with the jar external side bottom opening apron of sludge impoundment is opened, discharges mud.
Level meters are respectively arranged in the water collecting tank, the coagulating sedimentation tank, the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, the biological filler aerobic reaction tank, the MBR membrane treatment tank, the first dosing tank, the second dosing tank, the clean water tank and the sludge tank, so that the remote management and the automatic control of equipment are facilitated.
In this embodiment, the MBR membrane tank has a circular cross-section (which may also be rectangular or irregular).
The operating principle of the MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment is as follows:
1. in filtering sewage through the filter house after from the catch basin in through the elevator pump income MBR membrane tank formula sewage treatment device, at first get into coagulating sedimentation tank, go into polyaluminium chloride to coagulating sedimentation tank from first medical kit pump through the measuring pump, the granule that makes the aquatic be difficult to the deposit is polymerized mutually and is formed the colloid, the colloid has powerful adsorption affinity, can adsorb impurity, suspended solid, partial bacterium and the dissolubility material of aquatic to reach the purpose of getting rid of aquatic particulate matter. The water inlet pipe behind the sewage lift pump is provided with a check valve. In this embodiment, 2 sewage lift pumps are provided, one for one and one for standby.
2. The sewage in the coagulating sedimentation tank passes through the first step after particulate matters are removed through full coagulating sedimentationA water outlet enters the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank. The biological filler anaerobic reaction tank mainly performs an anoxic denitrification reaction, and degrades nitrate nitrogen in water through the action of anaerobic microorganisms, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled. Anaerobic microorganisms in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank are attached to the biological filler to form an anaerobic biofilm, the specific surface area of the biological filler is large, the area of the formed anaerobic biofilm is also large, and the anaerobic biofilm can fully react with nitrate nitrogen in water to generate gaseous nitrogen (NO and NO) 2 ) Or further reduced to N 2 Or nitrate is converted into ammonia nitrogen, and biomacromolecules such as protein and the like are synthesized, so that sufficient denitrification is realized. Compared with the anaerobic tank in the prior art, the anaerobic reaction tank with the biological filler has the advantages that the filler which is uniformly distributed increases the attachment amount of anaerobic microorganisms, and the aim of denitrification can be fulfilled to a greater extent.
3. And after the sewage in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank is subjected to sufficient anoxic denitrification reaction, the sewage enters the biological filler aerobic reaction tank through the second water passing hole. The biological filler aerobic reaction tank mainly performs aerobic nitrification reaction, organic matters in water are removed through the action of aerobic microorganisms, and the purpose of removing phosphorus in water can be achieved through the combined action of anaerobic denitrification and aerobic nitrification of sewage. The aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler adopts a pipeline aeration mode to increase the oxygen content in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler, the aeration pipes are annularly and multiply arranged along the periphery of the interior of the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler, the intermittent aeration can ensure that the aeration in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler is uniform, and the aeration is intermittently aerated from the periphery to the middle direction, and the aeration tank has impact property, and the aeration tank can ensure that the filler repeatedly moves and fully aerates under the lifting and pushing action of aeration and water flow, thereby avoiding the local stacking phenomenon of the biological filler and the blockage problem of the biological filler. Aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler are attached to the surface of the biological filler to form an aerobic biofilm, the specific surface area of the biological filler is large, the area of the formed aerobic biofilm is also large, and the aerobic biofilm can fully react with organic matters in water, so that the purpose of degrading the organic matters is achieved. Compared with a common aerobic tank, the biological filler aerobic reaction tank has the advantages that the annular multilayer surrounding form of the pipeline ensures that the aeration is more sufficient, the biological filler is more beneficial to the growth and the reaction of aerobic microorganisms, and the purpose of removing organic matters can be achieved to a greater extent.
4. And after full aerobic nitration reaction, the sewage in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank enters the MBR membrane treatment tank through a third water passing hole. Adopt the pipeline aeration mode in the MBR membrane treatment tank, increase the oxygen content in MBR membrane treatment tank, the aeration pipe is along the inside annular all around of MBR membrane treatment tank, the multilayer is laid, intermittent type formula aeration, it is even to make aeration in the MBR membrane treatment tank, and aeration from all around to middle direction intermittent type formula aeration, has the impact nature, can drive the shake of MBR membrane, shake off the mud that holds back on the MBR membrane, prevent that the MBR membrane from blockking up. Be provided with the membrane frame in the MBR membrane treatment tank, the MBR membrane is installed on the membrane frame, forms MBR membrane bioreactor, and is high to the clearance of pollutant, and anti-soil expansibility is strong. The MBR membrane treatment tank has higher sludge concentration, and further degrades pollutants in water.
5. When producing the water pump and sucking sewage, can form the state of vacuum negative pressure in MBR membrane inside to the sewage of MBR membrane outside can pass through the MBR membrane under the effect of pressure, reaches the filterable effect of MBR membrane, and it will pass through the pipeline and discharge into the clean water basin through the sewage after MBR membrane filtration again to produce the water pump. The water production pump is automatically started and stopped according to the liquid level in the MBR membrane treatment tank.
6. When the liquid level meter in the clean water tank shows that the water in the clean water tank is full, the water outlet pump is automatically started, the water in the clean water tank is pumped out of the tank body by the water outlet pump, and the water is discharged into the biological corridor treatment system after being sterilized by the ultraviolet sterilizing device on the pipeline.
7. And setting the opening and closing time of the fourth water passing opening sealing baffle according to the water quality, and periodically discharging the water body with higher sludge concentration at the bottom of the MBR membrane treatment tank into the sludge tank. Setting the opening and closing time of the fifth water gap closed baffle, and regularly discharging the water body with higher sludge concentration precipitated at the bottom of the coagulating sedimentation tank into the sludge tank. And according to the liquid level in the sludge tank, the sludge in the sludge tank is discharged out of the tank body at regular intervals.
8. Level meters are respectively arranged in the water collecting tank, the coagulating sedimentation tank, the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, the biological filler aerobic reaction tank, the MBR membrane treatment tank, the first dosing tank, the second dosing tank, the clean water tank and the sludge tank, so that the remote management and the automatic control of equipment are facilitated.
(II) biological corridor processing system
The biological corridor treatment system consists of an aeration zone, a biological filler zone and a composite biological floating bed zone.
The biological corridor treatment system is provided with an aeration area, a biological filler area and a composite biological floating bed area; the aeration zone and the biological filler zone and the composite biological floating bed zone are separated by waterproof films, and a PE waterproof film is adopted in the specific implementation mode of the invention.
The biological corridor treatment system is arranged in the river channel and arranged along the river bank along the water flow direction of the river channel; the biological corridor treatment system adopts the PE waterproof membrane to separate the effluent of the MBR membrane tank from the river around, the upper end of the PE waterproof membrane is wrapped by a water supply pipe, the upper part of the PE waterproof membrane can float on the water surface, the lower end of the PE waterproof membrane is provided with a steel pipe with larger weight, so that the PE membrane can keep an upright state in a river channel, the river water and the effluent of the MBR membrane tank can be better distinguished, the height of the PE membrane needs to be larger than the depth of the river channel in the period, when the depth of the river channel is increased, the water supply pipe at the upper end of the PE membrane floats upwards to drive the PE waterproof membrane to stretch, and the purpose that the effluent of the river water and the effluent of the MBR membrane tank are separated all the time can be achieved.
The membrane tank type sewage treatment system is characterized in that the effluent pump of the membrane tank type sewage treatment system is sent into an aeration area of the biological corridor treatment system, water is fed into an area, away from a biological filler area, of the aeration area, a communication port of the aeration area and the biological filler area is arranged on a waterproof membrane which forms a diagonal angle with a water inlet point of the aeration area, and the water flow direction in the biological filler area is arranged in a W shape, so that the hydraulic retention time can be prolonged, and pollutants in water can be fully degraded.
The aeration zone adopts the mode of pipeline aeration, sets up the aperture along aeration pipe length direction every certain distance, and the aeration pipe is laid along riverbed bottom annular, makes sewage fully aerate. The aeration generates bubble hydraulic jump on the surface of the water body, a large number of water drops and a flaky water curtain are thrown into the air, and the water is fully contacted with the air, so that the oxygen is quickly dissolved into the water body. The pipeline aeration realizes full and uniform aeration, and the aeration is carried out from the bottom of the riverbed upwards, so that the water with low oxygen content at the bottom of the riverbed is lifted to circulate upwards and is continuously oxygenated, the dissolved oxygen in the water can be obviously improved, and enough oxygen is provided for aerobic microorganisms.
The biological filler area is provided with uniform biological filler, the biological filler is a contact oxidation material, the upper end of the biological filler is provided with a floating ball, the lower end of the biological filler is provided with a counterweight, the biological filler can be in a standing state in water, sewage flows in and then is subjected to contact oxidation, bacillus is periodically added into the biological filler area, and the sewage is contacted with the filler to enable microbial flora to better adhere to form a biological film. The microbes attached to the surface of the biological filler are contacted with water, so that organic matters in the water body are oxidized and decomposed to purify the water, and an anaerobic state is easily generated near the center of the biological filler due to the reduction of dissolved oxygen, so that the microbes can consume nitrate nitrogen in the water, and the denitrification effect can be achieved. Therefore, the biological filler area can adsorb suspended matters in the water body, improve the transparency of the water body, purify the water quality through microorganisms and decompose pollutants.
The composite biological floating bed zone is provided with a small multifunctional floating plate, and the lower end of the small multifunctional floating plate is provided with a planting basket. The planting basket is used for planting the aquatic plants such as iris, canna and the like with developed root systems, strong rootstock tillering reproductive capacity, fast growth and large biomass, and the lower end of the planting basket is provided with the biological filler which is the same as the biological filler area. The composite biological floating bed zone can degrade pollutants in water again, increase hydraulic retention time and beautify river channels.
The air blower is connected with an aeration pipe of the biological filler aerobic reaction tank, an aeration pipe of the MBR membrane treatment tank and an aeration pipe of an aeration zone of the biological corridor treatment system.
The sewage lifting pump, the water production pump, the water outlet pump, the air blower and the ultraviolet disinfection lamp are provided with automatic control switches, so that remote management and automatic control of equipment are facilitated.
The electrical equipment related by the invention is connected with the photovoltaic power generation device.
Example 2 treatment method of river point pollution source
The embodiment provides a method for treating a river channel point pollution source (by adopting the river channel point pollution treatment system provided by the embodiment 1), which comprises the following steps:
1. sewage is pumped into MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment from a water collecting tank through a lifting pump, firstly enters a coagulating sedimentation tank, and is pumped into polyaluminium chloride to the coagulating sedimentation tank from a first medicine tank through a metering pump, so that particles which are difficult to precipitate in the water are mutually polymerized to form colloid, and the colloid has strong adsorption force and can adsorb impurities, suspended matters, partial bacteria and soluble substances in the water;
2. after particulate matters in the sewage in the coagulating sedimentation tank are removed through full coagulating sedimentation, the sewage enters the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank through the first water passing hole. The biological filler anaerobic reaction tank mainly performs an anoxic denitrification reaction, and degrades nitrate nitrogen in water through the action of anaerobic microorganisms, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled. Anaerobic microorganisms in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank are attached to the biological filler to form an anaerobic biofilm, the specific surface area of the biological filler is large, the area of the formed anaerobic biofilm is also large, and the anaerobic biofilm can fully react with nitrate nitrogen in water to generate gas nitrogen (NO and NO) 2 ) Or further reducing the nitrate into N2, or converting the nitrate into ammonia nitrogen, synthesizing biological macromolecules such as protein and the like, and fully denitrifying. Compared with the anaerobic tank in the prior art, the anaerobic reaction tank with the biological filler has the advantages that the filler which is uniformly distributed increases the attachment amount of anaerobic microorganisms, and the aim of denitrification can be fulfilled to a greater extent;
3. after the sewage in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank is subjected to sufficient anoxic denitrification reaction, the sewage enters the biological filler aerobic reaction tank through a second water passing hole; the biological filler aerobic reaction tank mainly performs aerobic nitrification reaction, organic matters in water are removed through the action of aerobic microorganisms, and the purpose of removing phosphorus in water can be achieved through the combined action of anaerobic denitrification and aerobic nitrification of sewage. The aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler adopts a pipeline aeration mode to increase the oxygen content in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler, the aeration pipes are arranged along the periphery of the interior of the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler in an annular and multilayer mode, and the aeration in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler is uniform and is intermittent from the periphery to the middle direction, so that the aeration tank has impact property, the aeration tank can repeatedly move and fully aerate under the lifting and pushing action of aeration and water flow, and the problems of local stacking phenomenon of the biological filler and blockage of the biological filler are avoided. Aerobic microorganisms in the aerobic reaction tank of the biological filler are attached to the surface of the biological filler to form an aerobic biofilm, the specific surface area of the biological filler is large, the area of the formed aerobic biofilm is also large, and the aerobic biofilm can fully react with organic matters in water, so that the purpose of degrading the organic matters is achieved. Compared with a common aerobic tank, the biological filler aerobic reaction tank has the advantages that the annular multi-layer surrounding form of the pipeline ensures that the aeration is more sufficient, the biological filler is more favorable for the growth and the reaction of aerobic microorganisms, and the purpose of removing organic matters can be achieved to a greater extent;
4. and after full aerobic nitration reaction, sewage in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank enters the MBR membrane treatment tank through a third water passing hole. Adopt the pipeline aeration mode in the MBR membrane treatment tank, increase the oxygen content in MBR membrane treatment tank, the aeration pipe is laid along the inside annular all around of MBR membrane treatment tank, the multilayer, intermittent type formula aeration, it is even to make aeration in the MBR membrane treatment tank, and aeration is from all around to middle direction intermittent type formula aeration, has impact nature, can drive the shake of MBR membrane, shake off the mud that the MBR membrane was last to be held back, prevent that the MBR membrane from blockking up. Be provided with the membrane frame in the MBR membrane treatment tank, the MBR membrane mounting forms MBR membrane bioreactor on the membrane frame, and is high to the clearance of pollutant, and anti-soil expansibility is strong. The MBR membrane treatment tank has higher sludge concentration, and further degrades pollutants in water;
5. when the produced water pump sucks sewage, a vacuum negative pressure state can be formed in the MBR membrane, so that the sewage outside the MBR membrane can pass through the MBR membrane under the action of pressure to achieve the filtering effect of the MBR membrane, the produced water pump discharges the sewage filtered by the MBR membrane into a clean water tank through a pipeline, and the produced water pump is automatically opened and closed according to the liquid level in the MBR membrane treatment tank;
6. when the liquid level meter in the clean water tank indicates that the water in the clean water tank is full, the water outlet pump is automatically started, the water in the clean water tank is pumped out of the tank body by the water outlet pump, and is discharged into the biological corridor treatment system after being disinfected by the ultraviolet disinfection device on the pipeline;
7. and setting the opening and closing time of the fourth water passing opening sealing baffle according to the water quality, and periodically discharging the water body with higher sludge concentration at the bottom of the MBR membrane treatment tank into the sludge tank. Setting the opening and closing time of the fifth water gap closed baffle, and periodically discharging the water body with higher sludge concentration precipitated at the bottom of the coagulating sedimentation tank into the sludge tank. Regularly discharging sludge in the sludge pool out of the tank body according to the liquid level in the sludge pool;
8. the clear water tank of the membrane tank type sewage treatment system is sent into an aeration zone of the biological corridor treatment system through a water outlet pump, water enters the aeration zone and is far away from the area of the biological filler zone, a communication port between the aeration zone and the biological filler zone is arranged on a waterproof membrane which forms a diagonal angle with a water inlet point of the aeration zone, and the water flow direction in the biological filler zone is arranged in a W shape, so that the hydraulic retention time can be prolonged, and pollutants in water can be fully degraded;
9. and 8, allowing water in the biological filler area to flow into the composite biological floating bed area, degrading pollutants in the water again in the composite biological floating bed area, and increasing the hydraulic retention time, so that the river sewage is further purified.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the river spot pollution treatment method of the present invention.
The foregoing description has described specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A river channel point pollution treatment system is characterized by comprising a membrane tank type sewage treatment system, a biological corridor treatment system and a photovoltaic power supply system;
the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system are connected through a pipeline, the photovoltaic power supply system is electrically connected with the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system respectively, and the photovoltaic power supply system supplies power to the membrane tank type sewage treatment system and the biological corridor treatment system;
the membrane tank type sewage treatment system comprises a filtering part, a water collecting tank and MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment;
the biological corridor treatment comprises an aeration zone, a biological filler zone and a composite biological floating bed zone; the effluent of the membrane tank type sewage treatment system enters an aeration zone, then enters a biological filler zone and finally flows into a composite biological floating bed zone.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the filtering portion is a grid, the grid and a collecting tank are arranged at a sewage discharge port in the river, and sewage enters the collecting tank after being filtered by the grid and then is pumped into the MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment from the collecting tank through a pump.
3. The riverway point pollution abatement system of claim 1, wherein the MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment plant comprises: an MBR membrane treatment tank; a coagulating sedimentation tank, a biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, a biological filler aerobic reaction tank and a product zone are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the MBR membrane treatment tank; wherein the coagulating sedimentation tank is adjacent to the product area; the product zone comprises a clean water tank located at the upper part and a sludge tank located at the bottom of the clean water tank.
4. The system for treating the pollution of the river channel points according to claim 3, wherein a frame body is erected at the upper part of the MBR membrane treatment tank, a first dosing tank and a second dosing tank are arranged on the frame body, and the first dosing tank is connected with a first metering pump; the second dosing box is connected with a second metering pump; the first dosing box is used for adding polyaluminium chloride for coagulating sedimentation, and the second dosing box is used for adding sodium hypochlorite.
5. The system for treating the pollution of the river channel points as claimed in claim 3, wherein the biological filler aerobic reaction tank and the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank are both filled with biological fillers; the biological filler is uniformly distributed and vertically arranged in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank and the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank.
6. The system of claim 3, wherein the water collection tank, the coagulation sedimentation tank, the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, the biological filler aerobic reaction tank, the MBR membrane treatment tank, the first dosing tank, the second dosing tank, the clean water tank and the sludge tank are all provided with liquid level meters.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the biological corridor treatment system is disposed in the river along the bank of the river along the direction of the river water flow; the effluent of the MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment is separated from river water by adopting waterproof membranes around the biological corridor treatment system, the upper ends of the waterproof membranes are wrapped by water supply pipes, so that the upper parts of the waterproof membranes can float on the water surface, and the lower ends of the waterproof membranes are provided with steel pipes, so that the waterproof membranes are kept in an upright state in a river channel.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the aeration zone is formed by pipeline aeration, a plurality of small holes are formed at intervals along the length direction of the aeration pipe, and the aeration pipe is annularly arranged along the bottom of the riverbed.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the composite biological floating bed zone is provided with a floating plate, and the lower end of the floating plate is provided with a planting basket.
10. A method for treating pollution in a river channel point by using the system for treating pollution in a river channel point as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, filtering sewage from a filtering part, then feeding the sewage into a water collecting tank, pumping the sewage into MBR membrane tank type sewage treatment equipment from the water collecting tank, and feeding the sewage into a coagulation sedimentation tank to ensure that particles which are difficult to precipitate in the water are mutually polymerized to form colloid, wherein the colloid has strong adsorption force and can adsorb impurities, suspended matters, partial bacteria and soluble substances in the water;
s2, carrying out coagulating sedimentation on the sewage in the coagulating sedimentation tank to remove particles, and then allowing the sewage to enter a biological filler anaerobic reaction tank for anaerobic reaction;
s3, after carrying out an anoxic reaction on the sewage in the biological filler anaerobic reaction tank, feeding the sewage into a biological filler aerobic reaction tank for an aerobic reaction;
s4, enabling sewage in the biological filler aerobic reaction tank to enter an MBR membrane treatment tank after aerobic reaction, wherein the MBR membrane treatment tank adopts a pipeline aeration mode to increase the oxygen content of the MBR membrane treatment tank, and the aeration is intermittent aeration from the periphery to the middle, so that the impact is provided, the MBR membrane is driven to shake, sludge intercepted on the MBR membrane is shaken off, the MBR membrane is prevented from being blocked, and pollutants in water are further degraded in the MBR membrane treatment tank;
s5, discharging the sewage filtered by the MBR membrane into a clean water tank through a pipeline;
s6, delivering outlet water of a clean water tank of the membrane tank type sewage treatment system into an aeration zone of the biological corridor treatment system, delivering inlet water in a region of the aeration zone far away from a biological filler zone, wherein a communication port between the aeration zone and the biological filler zone is arranged on a waterproof membrane which forms a diagonal angle with a water inlet point of the aeration zone, and the water flow direction in the biological filler zone is arranged in a W shape, so that the hydraulic retention time can be prolonged, and pollutants in water can be fully degraded;
and S7, enabling water in the biological filler area to flow into the composite biological floating bed area, degrading pollutants in the water again in the composite biological floating bed area, increasing the hydraulic retention time, and further purifying the river sewage.
CN202211130352.XA 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 River channel point pollution treatment method and system Pending CN115626725A (en)

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CN202211130352.XA CN115626725A (en) 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 River channel point pollution treatment method and system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211130352.XA CN115626725A (en) 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 River channel point pollution treatment method and system

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Publication Number Publication Date
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Country Link
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