CN115625352A - Ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device and processing method - Google Patents

Ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device and processing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115625352A
CN115625352A CN202211397618.7A CN202211397618A CN115625352A CN 115625352 A CN115625352 A CN 115625352A CN 202211397618 A CN202211397618 A CN 202211397618A CN 115625352 A CN115625352 A CN 115625352A
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cladding
nozzle
cladding nozzle
laser
substrate
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CN202211397618.7A
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CN115625352B (en
Inventor
李世明
张新洲
陈兰
杨志伟
陆霖凯
于关玺
任旭东
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/131798 priority patent/WO2024098441A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B22F12/37—Rotatable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device, which comprises a laser generator, a moving platform, an ultrasonic vibration platform, a main shaft, a rotating and light path propagation mechanism and a cladding nozzle, wherein the laser generator is arranged on the main shaft; the laser generator is used for generating a laser beam; a substrate is placed on the ultrasonic vibration platform, and the substrate is rotated through the rotation of the ultrasonic vibration platform; the ultrasonic vibration platform is arranged on the base through the movable platform; the main shaft is movably arranged above the substrate; the main shaft is provided with a rotating and light path transmission mechanism, the cladding nozzle is arranged on the rotating and light path transmission mechanism through a radial moving device, and the rotating and light path transmission mechanism enables the cladding nozzle to rotate; the laser beam enters the cladding nozzle after passing through the main shaft, the rotating and light path transmission mechanism in sequence; the rotation direction of the cladding nozzle is opposite to the rotation direction of the substrate. The invention can realize the ultra-high-speed laser cladding additive manufacturing on a plane and can realize the laser cladding with the same linear velocity.

Description

Ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device and processing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a device and a method for manufacturing ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive.
Background
Ultra-high speed laser cladding is a surface manufacturing technology based on a laser heat source, and the special fusing form of the ultra-high speed laser cladding is different from the traditional laser cladding technology. On the one hand, ultra-high speed laser cladding improves laser energy density. The diameter of the traditional laser cladding light spot is about 2-4mm, while the diameter of the ultra-high speed laser cladding light spot is less than or equal to 1mm under the same laser energy input conditionNext, the laser energy density in the small spot area is higher. The laser energy density of the traditional laser cladding is about 70-150W/cm 2 The maximum laser energy density of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding can reach 3kW/cm 2 . On the other hand, in the traditional laser cladding process, the unmelted powder is directly fed into the molten pool, the convergence positions of the laser, the powder and the molten pool are adjusted by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding, the convergence position of the powder is higher than the upper surface of the molten pool, and the deposition rate of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional laser cladding by the process adjustment.
At present, most of ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing objects are shaft parts and disc parts. The ultra-high cladding speed is achieved by the rotation of the workpiece. The technology has low cladding speed on a plane, and needs to solve the problem of how to realize high-speed plane motion of a cladding head and a workpiece. The laser cladding speed is an important parameter influencing the molding quality, and the quality of laser cladding can be different under different linear velocities, so that how to realize constant-velocity laser cladding is also a problem to be solved at present. Therefore, the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is still in the popularization and application stage at present, the fundamental research in the preparation process is incomplete, and a lot of work needs to be completed in the aspects of forming precision and defect control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device and a processing method, which can realize ultrahigh-speed laser cladding additive manufacturing on a plane and can realize laser cladding with the same linear speed.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
An ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device comprises a laser generator, a moving platform, an ultrasonic vibration platform, a main shaft, a rotating and light path transmission mechanism and a cladding nozzle;
the laser generator is used for generating a laser beam;
a substrate is placed on the ultrasonic vibration platform, and the substrate is rotated through the rotation of the ultrasonic vibration platform; the ultrasonic vibration platform is arranged on the base through the movable platform;
the main shaft is movably arranged above the substrate; the main shaft is provided with a rotating and light path transmission mechanism, the cladding nozzle is arranged on the rotating and light path transmission mechanism through a radial moving device, and the rotating and light path transmission mechanism enables the cladding nozzle to rotate; the laser beam enters the cladding nozzle after passing through the main shaft, the rotating and light path transmission mechanism in sequence; the rotation direction of the cladding nozzle is opposite to the rotation direction of the substrate.
Further, the rotation and light path transmission mechanism comprises a disc-shaped fixed platform, an auxiliary stepping motor and a reflector;
the disc-shaped fixed platform is supported on the main shaft, the auxiliary stepping motor is arranged on the disc-shaped fixed platform, and the auxiliary stepping motor is in transmission connection with the main shaft through a gear pair; the bottom of the disc-shaped fixed platform can be radially movably provided with a cladding nozzle, and the rotating and light path propagation mechanism is internally provided with at least one reflector for enabling laser beams to sequentially pass through the inside of the spindle and the disc-shaped fixed platform and then to be injected into the cladding nozzle.
Further, the spindle is a hollow shaft, a first reflector is fixed in the spindle, a first linear motor slide rail is installed at the bottom of the disc-shaped fixed platform, and the cladding nozzle is installed on the first linear motor slide rail through a first linear motor slide block; a second reflector is arranged on the first linear motor slide rail through a fixed support and extends into the spindle; and a third reflector is arranged on the disc-shaped fixed platform, the laser beam is injected into the spindle, a rotary second reflector is injected through the first reflector, and then the laser beam is injected into the cladding nozzle through the third reflector arranged on the disc-shaped fixed platform and a fourth reflector arranged on the first linear motor slide rail.
Further, a tapered roller bearing is mounted at a stepped shaft of the main shaft, and the tapered roller bearing supports a disc-shaped fixed platform; the main shaft limits the axial movement of the tapered roller bearing through a sleeve; the main shaft is provided with a second gear, the auxiliary stepping motor is provided with a first gear, and the auxiliary stepping motor rotates around the main shaft through the meshing of the first gear and the second gear.
Further, a powder feeding system and a recovery system are arranged on the cladding nozzle, the powder feeding system comprises a first air pump and a first powder bin, and the first powder bin is communicated with the cladding nozzle through the first air pump and is used for conveying powder into the cladding nozzle; the recovery system comprises a second air pump and a second powder bin, and the second powder bin is communicated with the cladding nozzle through the second air pump and is used for recovering the redundant powder in the cladding nozzle.
Further, the system also comprises a laser range finder, an infrared camera, a high-speed camera and a control system;
the infrared camera is used for acquiring the temperature of a molten pool; the high-speed camera is used for acquiring the width of a molten pool; the laser range finder is used for determining the thickness of a cladding layer; the control system is used for acquiring and processing information of the laser range finder, the infrared camera and the high-speed camera; the control system controls the rotation direction and the moving direction of the cladding nozzle; the control system controls the rotation direction of the additive workpiece.
Further, the control system judges whether the powder is sufficiently melted according to the temperature of a molten pool and the width of a cladding layer; when the powder is insufficiently melted, the control system controls the rotational speed of the substrate and the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration stage.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
preheating a substrate;
adjusting the height of the cladding nozzle to enable the cladding nozzle to be aligned with the substrate; the control system controls the cladding nozzle to move radially, so that the cladding nozzle moves to the outer edge of the round workpiece to be subjected to material increase; the control system controls the auxiliary stepping motor to rotate the cladding nozzle; the control system controls the rotation direction of the substrate to be opposite to the rotation direction of the cladding nozzle;
feeding powder into the cladding nozzle through a first air pump, and spraying the powder to the surface of the substrate through the cladding nozzle;
the control system controls the laser generator to generate laser beams, the laser beams are focused on the surface of the substrate through the cladding nozzle, and powder sprayed to the surface of the matrix is melted; the control system controls the ultrasonic vibration platform to enable the substrate to vibrate;
after the substrate rotates for a circle, the control system controls the cladding nozzle to move for a step length in the radial direction towards the circle center of the round workpiece to be subjected to material increase; the control system controls the rotation speed of the cladding nozzle to be increased, so that the linear speed of the cladding nozzle under the current step length is the same as the linear speed at the outer edge of the round workpiece to be additivated; when the cladding nozzle moves to the circle center of the round workpiece to be additized, finishing cladding of one layer;
the control system controls the lifting height of the cladding nozzle and repeats cladding processing of one layer.
Further, the infrared camera acquires the temperature of a molten pool; the high-speed camera acquires the width of a molten pool; the laser range finder determines the thickness of a cladding layer;
and the control system controls the rotation direction and the moving direction of the cladding nozzle according to the acquired information of the laser range finder, the infrared camera and the high-speed camera.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional laser cladding additive manufacturing, the ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device can realize forward rotation of the cladding nozzle and reverse rotation of the substrate, and improves the additive efficiency while realizing ultrahigh-speed laser cladding; the speed values of the nozzle and the substrate rotating forwards and backwards are adjusted in real time according to the change of the radius of the machined part, the cladding speed is kept unchanged in the machining process, and the method has obvious advantages in manufacturing disc type workpieces.
2. According to the ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device, the ultrasonic vibration platform is adopted to pave the powder, so that the uniformity of the powder is greatly improved, and the produced part has better component uniformity.
3. The ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device enables the cladding nozzle to move radially under the driving of the linear motor, can realize laser cladding with the same linear velocity, ensures that the cladding linear velocity is kept unchanged in the processing process, and has obvious advantages on additive disc parts.
4. According to the ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device, the cladding nozzle is provided with the powder feeding system and the recovery system, so that invalid processing powder in the accelerating and reducing process of the cladding nozzle driven by the linear motor can be recovered, the waste is reduced, and the powder utilization rate is improved.
5. According to the ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device, the thickness of the cladding layer is controlled in real time and the height of the cladding nozzle is dynamically controlled through the laser range finder, so that the thickness of the cladding layer is uniform, the additive process is smoothly carried out, and the comprehensive performance of produced parts is improved.
6. According to the ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device, the infrared camera is used for shooting the temperature of the molten pool, the high-speed camera is used for shooting the width of the molten pool and feeding the width of the molten pool back to the control system, so that whether powder is molten fully or not is judged, the rotating speed of the main stepping motor is dynamically controlled to achieve a proper laser energy density, the generation of pores and cracks is effectively reduced, and the comprehensive performance of workpieces is improved.
7. The ultrahigh-speed plane laser cladding additive manufacturing device can perform single-layer laser cladding and multi-layer laser cladding additive manufacturing, makes up the technical gap that the high-speed laser cladding technology cannot be applied to a flat plate, and further can expand the existing ultrahigh-speed laser cladding two-dimensional additive technology to the ultrahigh-speed laser deposition three-dimensional additive technology.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an ultra-high speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a rotation and optical path transmission mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cladding nozzle alignment substrate according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state that the cladding nozzle of the present invention is moved to the outer edge of the disc-shaped workpiece to be additively manufactured.
Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of a second linear motor and a third linear motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of an ultrasonic vibration platform according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a cladding track formed by powder on the laser melting surface of the disc-type additive workpiece according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1-an ultrasonic vibration platform; 2-disc type additive workpieces; 3-a substrate; 4-cladding the nozzle; 5-a first linear motor slide; 6-a first hose; 7-a control system; 8-a first air pump; 9-a first powder bin; 10-rotation and optical path propagation mechanism; 11-a beam expander; 12-a laser generator; 13-a laser beam; 14-a first motorized sled; 15-a first motorized slider; 16-a second motorized slide rail; 17-a third motorized slide rail; 18-a base; 19-a mobile platform; 20-a main stepper motor; 21-an infrared camera; 22-a fourth motorized slide; 23-a high-speed camera; 24-a laser rangefinder; 25-a first linear motor slide rail; 26-a second hose; 27-a second air pump; 28-a second powder bin; 29-a main shaft; 30-a second linear motor slide; 31-a second linear motor slide rail; 32-a first linear motor slide block; 33-a second electric slide; 34-a third linear motor slide rail; 35-the third linear motor slides fast two; 36-signal lines; 41-a fifth mirror; 101-disc-shaped fixed platform; 102-pair stepper motors; 103-a second mirror; 104-a first gear; a 105-bond; 106-second gear; 107-third mirror; 108-a sleeve; 109-tapered roller bearing; 251-a fourth mirror; 252-a fixed support; 291-first mirror; 292-a nut; 293-gasket.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention thereto.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, the ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device of the invention comprises a laser generator 12, a moving platform 19, an ultrasonic vibration platform 1, a spindle 29, a rotation and optical path propagation mechanism 10 and a cladding nozzle 4;
the laser generator 12 is used for generating a laser beam 13; the laser beam 13 enters the beam expander 11, then outputs a parallel beam, enters the cladding nozzle 4 through a plurality of reflectors, and is focused on the substrate 3 through a lens in the cladding nozzle 4.
A substrate 3 is placed on the ultrasonic vibration platform 1, and the substrate 3 is rotated by the rotation of the ultrasonic vibration platform 1; the ultrasonic vibration platform 1 is located on a moving platform 19, the moving platform 19 is connected with a base 18 through a second electric sliding rail 16 and a third electric sliding rail 17, and the moving platform 19 can move along the second electric sliding rail 16 and the third electric sliding rail 17, as shown in fig. 6.
The spindle 29 is movably mounted above the substrate 3 in fig. 1; the main shaft 29 is fixed on a second linear motor sliding block 30, the second linear motor sliding block 30 is positioned on a second linear motor sliding rail 31, and the main shaft 29 can move on the second linear motor sliding rail 31 through the second linear motor sliding block 30; the second linear motor slide rail 31 is mounted on the third linear motor slide rail 34 through the first third linear motor slide block 32 and the second third linear motor slide block 35, and the second linear motor slide rail 31 can move on the third linear motor slide rail 34 through the first third linear motor slide block 32 and the second third linear motor slide block 35, as shown in fig. 5. And the two ends of the third linear motor slide rail 34 move up and down through the first electric slide block 15 and the second electric slide block 33, so as to control the height of the cladding nozzle 4.
The main shaft 29 is provided with a rotating and light path transmitting mechanism 10, the cladding nozzle 4 is arranged on the rotating and light path transmitting mechanism 10 through a radial moving device, and the cladding nozzle 4 is rotated through the rotating and light path transmitting mechanism 10; the laser beam 13 enters the cladding nozzle 4 after passing through the main shaft 29 and the rotation and light path transmission mechanism 10 in sequence; the rotation direction of the cladding nozzle 4 is opposite to that of the substrate 3. Due to the forward rotation of the cladding nozzle and the reverse rotation of the substrate, the material increase efficiency is improved while the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding is realized; the radial movement of the cladding nozzle 4 can realize the laser cladding of the cladding nozzle 4 at the same linear velocity,
as shown in fig. 2, the rotation and optical path transmission mechanism 10 includes a disc-shaped fixed platform 101, a sub stepping motor 102 and a reflective mirror; the disc-shaped fixed platform 101 is supported on the main shaft 29, the auxiliary stepping motor 102 is mounted on the disc-shaped fixed platform 101, and the auxiliary stepping motor 102 is in transmission connection with the main shaft 29 through a gear pair; the bottom of the disc-shaped fixed platform 101 can be radially movably provided with the cladding nozzle 4, the bottom of the disc-shaped fixed platform 101 is provided with a first linear motor slide rail 25 which is radially arranged, and the first linear motor slide rail 25 is connected with the cladding nozzle 4 through a first linear motor slide block 5, so that the cladding nozzle 4 radially moves. At least one reflector is arranged in the rotating and light path transmitting mechanism 10, and is used for making the laser beam 13 sequentially pass through the inside of the main shaft 29 and the disc-shaped fixed platform 101 and then enter the cladding nozzle 4.
The main shaft 29 is a hollow shaft, a first reflective mirror 291 is fixed in the main shaft 29, a second reflective mirror 103 is mounted on the first linear motor slide rail 25 through a fixing bracket 252, and the second reflective mirror 103 extends into the main shaft 29; the third reflective mirror 107 is mounted on the disc-shaped fixed platform 101, the laser beam 13 is incident into the spindle 29, enters the rotating second reflective mirror 103 through the first reflective mirror 291, and enters the cladding nozzle 4 through the third reflective mirror 107 mounted on the disc-shaped fixed platform 101 and the fourth reflective mirror 251 mounted on the first linear motor slide rail 25.
A tapered roller bearing 109 is installed at the stepped shaft of the main shaft 29, and the tapered roller bearing 109 supports the disc-shaped fixed platform 101; the spindle 29 limits the axial movement of the tapered roller bearing 109 through a sleeve 108; the main shaft 29 is provided with a second gear 106 through a key 105, the second gear 106 is axially positioned through a sleeve 108, and the main shaft 29 is provided with a nut 292 and a gasket 293 for locking the second gear 106. The first gear 104 is mounted on the sub stepping motor 102, and the sub stepping motor 102 rotates around the spindle 29 by the engagement of the first gear 104 and the second gear 106, so that the disc-shaped fixed platform 101 also rotates around the spindle 29, thereby making the cladding nozzle 4 perform circular motion.
The cladding nozzle 4 is provided with a powder feeding system and a recovery system, the powder feeding system comprises a first air pump 8 and a first powder bin 9, and the first powder bin 9 is sequentially communicated with the first air pump 8 and the cladding nozzle 4 through a first hose 6 and is used for conveying powder into the cladding nozzle 4; the recovery system comprises a second air pump 27 and a second powder bin 28, a powder suction port is formed in the right side of the cladding nozzle 4, and the second powder bin 28 is communicated with the second air pump 27 and the powder suction port in sequence through a second hose 26 and used for recovering redundant powder in the cladding nozzle 4.
The system also comprises a laser range finder 24, an infrared camera 21, a high-speed camera 23 and a control system 7; the infrared camera 21 is used for acquiring the temperature of the molten pool; the high-speed camera 23 is used for acquiring the width of a molten pool; the laser range finder 24 is used for determining the thickness of a cladding layer; the control system 7 is used for acquiring and processing information of the laser range finder 24, the infrared camera 21 and the high-speed camera 23; the control system 7 controls the rotation direction and the moving direction of the cladding nozzle 4; the control system 7 controls the direction of rotation of the additive work piece 2.
The control system 7 judges whether the powder is fully melted or not according to the temperature of the molten pool and the width of the cladding layer; when the powder is insufficiently melted, the control system 7 controls the rotational speed of the substrate 3 and the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration stage 1.
Example 1
Taking an Inconel625 alloy as an example, the machining method of the ultrahigh-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device for the additive disc-shaped workpiece comprises the following steps:
A. polishing, cleaning and blow-drying the substrate 3, and preheating the substrate to 300 ℃;
B. fixing a substrate 3 on an ultrasonic vibration platform 1, moving a cladding nozzle 4 to a position shown in figure 1, and enabling the cladding nozzle 4 to be opposite to the center of the substrate;
C. controlling the first electric slide block 15 and the second electric slide block 33 to enable the third linear motor slide rail to descend, so that a proper distance H is reserved between the substrate 3 and the cladding nozzle 4, and as shown in FIG. 3, the laser range finder 24 measures the distance D1 from the substrate 3;
D. the cladding nozzle 4 is moved by a first linear motor slide 5 to the outer edge of the pre-additive disc workpiece as shown in fig. 4.
E. The main stepping motor 20 and the auxiliary stepping motor 102 are started, so that the substrate 3 and the cladding nozzle 4 do circular motion, and the two motors keep rotating in opposite directions, so that the material adding speed is higher. The first air pump 18 starts to operate, and powder is sprayed to the surface of the substrate 3 from the first powder bin 9 through the cladding nozzle 4; the laser generator 12 outputs laser which is focused on the surface of the matrix 3 through the cladding nozzle 4, and powder sprayed on the surface of the matrix 3 is melted; the ultrasonic vibration platform 1 starts to vibrate, so that the powder sprayed to the surface of the substrate 3 is completely melted, and the generation of pores is reduced;
F. the infrared camera 21 shoots the temperature of the molten pool, the high-speed camera 23 shoots the width of the molten pool and feeds the width back to the control system 7, so as to judge whether the powder is fully melted, and then the rotating speed of the main stepping motor 20 is dynamically controlled to achieve a proper laser energy density; dynamically controlling the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration platform 1 so that the powder can be fully melted;
G. the laser range finder 24 measures the distance D2 to the cladding layer, calculates the thickness D2-D1 of the cladding layer, judges whether the thickness of the cladding layer meets the expected requirement, and then dynamically controls the powder feeding rate to ensure the uniform thickness of the cladding layer;
H. when the main stepping motor 20 rotates for a circle, namely the substrate 3 rotates for a circle, the cladding nozzle 4 is driven by the first linear motor slide block 5 to move for a step length in the radial direction of the circle center of the circular workpiece to be subjected to material increase; the rotating speed of the auxiliary stepping motor 102 is increased, the linear speed of the cladding nozzle 4 is kept unchanged, and the uniformity and stability of additive processing are kept. When the cladding nozzle 4 moves to the center of the round workpiece to be additively machined, one layer of machining is completed, as shown in fig. 7.
I. When the cladding layer is finished, the laser output is suspended, and the first air pump 8 suspends powder feeding. The height of the thickness of one cladding layer of the cladding nozzle 4 is increased by controlling the first electric slide 15 and the second electric slide 33, after which the laser is output and the first air pump 8 starts to continue feeding powder. And continuously moving the cladding nozzle 4 to the radial direction of the circle center of the round workpiece to be additively machined by one step length under the driving of the first linear motor slide block 5 after the main stepping motor 20 rotates for one circle, increasing the rotating speed of the auxiliary stepping motor 102, keeping the linear speed of the cladding nozzle 4 unchanged, and keeping the uniformity and stability of additive machining.
J. And D, repeating the steps D, E, F, G, H and I until the disc-shaped workpiece is finished.
In the process of adding a material to a disc-shaped workpiece, the laser power of a laser generator 1 is 3800W; the scanning speed is 80m/min; the diameter of the light spot is 1mm; the lapping rate is 50%; the cladding layer thickness was 500 μm.
It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a laser generator (12), a moving platform (19), an ultrasonic vibration platform (1), a main shaft (29), a rotating and light path transmission mechanism (10) and a cladding nozzle (4);
the laser generator (12) is used for generating a laser beam (13);
a substrate (3) is placed on the ultrasonic vibration platform (1), and the substrate (3) is rotated through the rotation of the ultrasonic vibration platform (1); the ultrasonic vibration platform (1) is arranged on a base (18) through a moving platform (19);
the main shaft (29) is movably arranged above the substrate (3); the main shaft (29) is provided with a rotating and light path transmitting mechanism (10), the cladding nozzle (4) is arranged on the rotating and light path transmitting mechanism (10) through a radial moving device, and the cladding nozzle (4) is rotated through the rotating and light path transmitting mechanism (10); the laser beam (13) enters the cladding nozzle (4) after passing through the main shaft (29) and the rotating and light path transmission mechanism (10) in sequence; the rotation direction of the cladding nozzle (4) is opposite to that of the substrate (3).
2. The ultra high speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said rotation and optical path propagation mechanism (10) comprises a disc-shaped fixed platform (101), a sub stepping motor (102) and a mirror;
the disc-shaped fixed platform (101) is supported on the main shaft (29), the auxiliary stepping motor (102) is mounted on the disc-shaped fixed platform (101), and the auxiliary stepping motor (102) is in transmission connection with the main shaft (29) through a gear pair; the bottom of the disc-shaped fixed platform (101) can be radially movably provided with a cladding nozzle (4), and at least one reflector is arranged in the rotating and light path propagation mechanism (10) and used for enabling a laser beam (13) to sequentially penetrate through the inside of the spindle (29) and the disc-shaped fixed platform (101) and then to be emitted into the cladding nozzle (4).
3. The ultra-high speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, wherein the spindle (29) is a hollow shaft, the first reflective mirror (291) is fixed in the spindle (29), the first linear motor slide rail (25) is installed at the bottom of the disc-shaped fixed platform (101), and the cladding nozzle (4) is installed on the first linear motor slide rail (25) through the first linear motor slide block (5); a second reflective mirror (103) is mounted on the first linear motor slide rail (25) through a fixed support (252), and the second reflective mirror (103) extends into the spindle (29); a third reflective mirror (107) is installed on the disc-shaped fixed platform (101), the laser beam (13) is shot into the spindle (29), a rotating second reflective mirror (103) is shot into the spindle through the first reflective mirror (291), and then the laser beam is shot into the cladding nozzle (4) through the third reflective mirror (107) installed on the disc-shaped fixed platform (101) and a fourth reflective mirror (251) installed on the first linear motor slide rail (25).
4. The ultra high speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a tapered roller bearing (109) is installed at a stepped axis of the main shaft (29), the tapered roller bearing (109) supporting a disc-shaped fixed platform (101); the main shaft (29) limits the axial movement of the tapered roller bearing (109) through a sleeve (108); the second gear (106) is installed on the main shaft (29), the first gear (104) is installed on the auxiliary stepping motor (102), and the auxiliary stepping motor (102) rotates around the main shaft (29) through meshing of the first gear (104) and the second gear (106).
5. The ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device is characterized in that a powder feeding system and a powder recovering system are arranged on the cladding nozzle (4), the powder feeding system comprises a first air pump (8) and a first powder bin (9), and the first powder bin (9) is communicated with the cladding nozzle (4) through the first air pump (8) and is used for feeding powder into the cladding nozzle (4); the recycling system comprises a second air pump (27) and a second powder bin (28), wherein the second powder bin (28) is communicated with the cladding nozzle (4) through the second air pump (27) and is used for recycling redundant powder in the cladding nozzle (4).
6. The ultra-high-speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, further comprising a laser range finder (24), an infrared camera (21), a high-speed camera (23) and a control system (7);
the infrared camera (21) is used for acquiring the temperature of the molten pool; the high-speed camera (23) is used for acquiring the width of a molten pool; the laser range finder (24) is used for determining the thickness of a cladding layer; the control system (7) is used for acquiring and processing information of the laser range finder (24), the infrared camera (21) and the high-speed camera (23); the control system (7) controls the rotation direction and the moving direction of the cladding nozzle (4); the control system (7) controls the rotation direction of the additive workpiece (2).
7. The ultra high speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the control system (7) judges whether the powder is sufficiently melted or not based on the temperature of the molten pool and the width of the cladding layer; when the powder is insufficiently melted, the control system (7) controls the rotation speed of the substrate (3) and the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibration platform (1).
8. A method of manufacturing an ultra high speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
preheating a substrate (3);
adjusting the height of the cladding nozzle (4) to enable the cladding nozzle (4) to be aligned with the substrate (3); the control system (7) controls the cladding nozzle (4) to move radially, so that the cladding nozzle (4) moves to the outer edge of the round workpiece to be subjected to material increase; the control system (7) controls the auxiliary stepping motor (102) to enable the cladding nozzle (4) to rotate; the control system (7) controls the rotation direction of the substrate (3) to be opposite to the rotation direction of the cladding nozzle (4);
powder is fed into the cladding nozzle (4) through a first air pump (8) and is sprayed to the surface of the substrate (3) through the cladding nozzle (4);
the control system (7) controls the laser generator (12) to generate a laser beam (13), the laser beam is focused on the surface of the substrate (3) through the cladding nozzle (4), and powder sprayed on the surface of the base body (3) is melted; the control system (7) controls the ultrasonic vibration platform (1) to enable the substrate (3) to vibrate;
every time the substrate (3) rotates for a circle, the control system (7) controls the cladding nozzle (4) to radially move for a step length towards the circle center of the round workpiece to be subjected to material increase; the control system (7) controls the rotation speed of the cladding nozzle (4) to be increased, so that the linear speed of the cladding nozzle (4) at the current step length is the same as the linear speed at the outer edge of the round workpiece to be additized; when the cladding nozzle (4) moves to the circle center of the round workpiece to be additized, finishing cladding of one layer;
the control system (7) controls the cladding nozzle (4) to lift up, and cladding processing of one layer is repeated.
9. The machining method of an ultra high speed planar laser cladding additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 8,
the infrared camera (21) acquires the temperature of the molten pool; the high-speed camera (23) acquires the width of a molten pool; the laser range finder (24) determines the thickness of a cladding layer;
and the control system (7) controls the rotation direction and the moving direction of the cladding nozzle (4) according to the acquired information of the laser range finder (24), the infrared camera (21) and the high-speed camera (23).
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CN111334789A (en) * 2020-02-02 2020-06-26 江苏大学 Method for ultra-high-speed laser cladding of end faces of disc parts
CN111850541A (en) * 2020-06-17 2020-10-30 江苏大学 Device and method for ultrahigh-speed laser cladding additive manufacturing
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