CN115625335A - Preparation method of metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch - Google Patents
Preparation method of metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch Download PDFInfo
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- CN115625335A CN115625335A CN202211285340.4A CN202211285340A CN115625335A CN 115625335 A CN115625335 A CN 115625335A CN 202211285340 A CN202211285340 A CN 202211285340A CN 115625335 A CN115625335 A CN 115625335A
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- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001311 M2 high speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
- B22F2003/175—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging by hot forging, below sintering temperature
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch, which comprises the following steps: (1) Filling high-speed steel powder obtained by powder making through vacuum gas atomization into a sheath, vacuumizing, and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a powder high-speed steel material; (2) Forging the powder high-speed steel material to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank; (3) And the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching, cryogenic treatment, tempering and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product. The powder high-speed steel material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of high compressive strength, good toughness and wear resistance, long service life of the obtained metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product, low processing cost and suitability for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die processing, in particular to a preparation method of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch.
Background
The metal soft magnetic powder pressing mould is a forming mould for processing metal soft magnetic powder into metal soft magnetic powder core, and mainly comprises a middle mould, a core rod (optional, depending on product structure) and a stamping. In order to make the metal soft magnetic powder core have higher density and better magnetic property, pressing with higher pressure is adopted. The stamping die is subjected to great pressure, impact and abrasion during pressing,wherein the pressure of the punch to be born per unit area reaches 17-23 t/cm 3 Therefore, the die is required to be made of a material with high strength, good toughness, excellent fatigue resistance and wear resistance.
The metal soft magnetic powder pressing die is generally directly machined by using common high-speed steel bars, the machining turning amount is large, the material loss and labor consumption are large, and the processing cost of the die is high; and the common high-speed steel has the defects of coarse eutectic carbide, carbide segregation, anisotropy of material performance and the like, so that the obdurability and the wear resistance of the material are poor, the service life of a stamping die processed by the common high-speed steel is short, and the use cost of the die is further increased.
CN107442721A discloses a hot forging process of a die, which comprises the following steps: blanking: preparing a Cr12 steel bar material; blank preparation: turning oxide skin and fine cracks on the surface of the bar stock to obtain a rod-shaped blank with a high-quality surface; heat treatment before forging: heating the rod-shaped blank by using a heating furnace to remove the stress of the rod-shaped blank; forging: forging the bar-shaped blank using a hot forging apparatus to obtain a die having a predetermined shape; quenching: quenching the die by using a quenching furnace, wherein the quenching oil temperature is 1080-1150 ℃, and the quenching time is 10-15 minutes; tempering for the first time: heating the mould to 480-500 ℃ by using a heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-2.5 hours, and then discharging and naturally cooling; cryogenic treatment: cooling the mold to 198 deg.c with a cooling device and maintaining for 2-2.5 hr; tempering for the second time: heating the mould to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and then discharging and naturally cooling.
CN113997026A discloses a method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant mold, which includes the following steps: s1: designing a mould; s2: selecting and processing materials; s3: inspecting the die; s4: testing a mold; s5: nitriding; a method of making a corrosion resistant mold comprising the steps of: s1: proportioning main materials; s2: heat treatment; s3: wire cutting; s4: electric spark; s5: the mould polishing, preheat the mould, quench, cryrogenic, tempering, this method has effectively improved mould hardness for other quenching methods, set up the mounting and have the hot melt adhesive at the clearance packing before the on-line cutting, can effectually prevent that the mould from taking place deformation, the position skew has been avoided producing when the mould is on-line cutting, the precision of mould production has been improved, place metal mold in anti-corrosion solvent through before the polishing and carry out ultrasonic cleaning, and polish its surface after depositing through low temperature, not only reduced the work degree of difficulty of polishing, more make mould corrosion resisting property can promote greatly.
CN101670437A discloses a method for manufacturing a mold with a conformal cooling pipeline, which adopts the technical scheme that a laser melting forming method is used for manufacturing a mold outer contour shell with a designed wall thickness, the conformal cooling pipeline is manufactured and installed in the mold outer contour shell, the mold outer contour shell is preheated, a gap formed by the mold cooling pipeline and the mold outer contour shell is cast and filled, and the mold outer contour shell and a cast and filled part are subjected to integral surface finish machining. The mold manufacturing method has the advantages of simple process and high mold manufacturing precision, the mold cooling pipeline can be arranged randomly according to design requirements, the cooling requirements of the mold in the using process are met, and the service life of the mold is prolonged. The manufacturing cost and the manufacturing period of the die are reduced, and the manufacturing of the die with different requirements can be met by changing the material of the shell of the outer contour of the die.
However, the strength and toughness of the mold obtained by the above method are low, and the effect is poor when the mold is used for pressing the metallic soft magnetic powder.
Therefore, it is important to develop a method for preparing a metal soft magnetic powder press die having high strength, good toughness and good service life.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a punch of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die, which adopts powder high-speed steel material prepared by hot isostatic pressing of high-speed steel powder as a raw material to forge to prepare a finished product of the punch of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die. Compared with the pressing die stamping finished product directly forged by the high-speed steel bar in the prior art, the stamping finished product has better strength and wear resistance and long service life; compared with a pressing die stamping finished product directly obtained by turning high-speed steel bars in the prior art, the raw materials are saved, the preparation cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the strength, toughness and wear resistance of the pressing die stamping finished product are better and the service life is long.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Filling high-speed steel powder obtained by powder preparation through vacuum gas atomization into a sheath, vacuumizing, and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a powder high-speed steel material;
(2) Forging the powder high-speed steel material to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank;
(3) And the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching, cryogenic treatment, tempering and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product.
The preparation method of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch adopts a processing mode of forging and forming powder high-speed steel materials to prepare the pressing die punch, so that on one hand, a large amount of materials can be saved, the loss cost of machining workers and tools is saved, and the processing cost of the punch is reduced, on the other hand, the pressing die punch prepared by the method has higher compressive strength along the streamline direction, better toughness and long service life, and meets the pressing use requirement of the metal soft magnetic powder. The high-speed steel powder is filled into the sheath, subjected to hot isostatic pressing and then forged, and the problems of decarburization, element burning loss and the like of the powder high-speed steel material can be avoided due to the wrapping protection effect of the sheath; and the powder high-speed steel material has uniform structure, does not have coarse carbide and segregation, and greatly reduces the forging difficulty of the powder high-speed steel material. The preparation method has the advantages that the preparation process is easy to regulate, the service life of the obtained metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product is long, and the preparation method has a large-scale industrial popularization and application prospect.
The high-speed steel of the present invention is a tool steel having high hardness, high wear resistance and high heat resistance, which is also called high-speed tool steel or high-speed steel, commonly called white steel. The powder high-speed steel is high-speed steel obtained by preparing a compact billet by a powder metallurgy method and then performing thermal deformation such as forging, rolling and the like.
Preferably, the high-speed steel powder in the step (1) comprises any one of grades HPM20, HPM23 or HPM 05.
Preferably, the high speed steel powder of step (1) has an oxygen content of 200ppm or less, such as 200ppm, 190ppm, 180ppm, 150ppm, 130ppm or 100ppm, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the recited values are also applicable.
Preferably, the high speed steel powder has a powder size of 90 μm or less in an amount of 90% or more, for example, 90%, 92%, 94%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the material of the sheath in the step (1) comprises a low carbon steel plate or a strip.
Preferably, the wall thickness of the sheath in step (1) is 2 to 5mm, for example, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm or 5mm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the vacuum degree in the vacuum-pumped sheath is less than or equal to 9 x 10 -2 Pa, for example, may be 9X 10 -2 Pa、2×10 -2 Pa、9×10 -3 Pa、7×10 -3 Pa、5×10 -3 Pa、3×10 -3 Pa or 1X 10 -3 Pa, etc., but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the hot isostatic pressing treatment in step (1) is performed at 1100-1180 ℃, for example 1100 ℃, 1105 ℃, 1120 ℃, 1140 ℃, 1160 ℃ or 1180 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing is 100 to 200MPa, and may be, for example, 100MPa, 120MPa, 140MPa, 150MPa, 180MPa, or 200MPa, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the forging treatment in step (2) is carried out at a forging temperature of 1100 to 1180 ℃, for example 1100 ℃, 1105 ℃, 1120 ℃, 1140 ℃, 1160 ℃ or 1180 ℃, but not limited to the values listed above, and other values not listed above within the range of values are also applicable.
The initial forging temperature of the forging treatment is preferably 1100-1180 ℃, when the initial forging temperature is lower, the forging treatment cannot be carried out, or a die stamping blank in the forging treatment process is easy to forge and crack; when the initial forging temperature is higher, the powder high-speed steel material has the problems of overheating or overburning, the forging process is easy to crack, and the obtained stamping blank has poor obdurability.
Preferably, the finish forging temperature of the forging treatment is 900 to 950 ℃, for example, 900 ℃, 910 ℃, 920 ℃, 930 ℃, 950 ℃ or the like, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
Preferably, the quenching temperature in step (3) is 1050 to 1200 ℃, for example 1050 ℃, 1060 ℃, 1070 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1150 ℃ or 1200 ℃, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the quenching is followed by oil cooling or high pressure air cooling.
Preferably, the pressure of the high-pressure air cooling is 6bar or more, for example, 6bar, 7bar, 8bar, 9bar, 10bar, or 15bar, etc., but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable. Preferably, the cryogenic treatment comprises placing the pressing die of the metal soft magnetic powder after oil cooling or high-pressure air cooling into a cryogenic treatment furnace to be cooled to-60 ℃ to-190 ℃, for example, -60 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 130 ℃, 150 ℃ or-190 ℃, but the invention is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the tempering temperature in step (3) is 560 to 600 ℃, for example 560 ℃, 570 ℃, 580 ℃, 590 ℃ or 600 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the tempering is performed 3 times, and each tempering is followed by cooling to 30 ℃ or less, which may be, for example, 30 ℃, 28 ℃, 25 ℃, 22 ℃, or 20 ℃, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) High-speed steel powder with oxygen content less than or equal to 200ppm obtained by powder preparation through vacuum gas atomization is filled into a sheath with the wall thickness of 2-5 mm, and after vacuum pumping, hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out at the temperature of 1100-1180 ℃ and the pressure of 100-200 MPa, so as to obtain the powder high-speed steel material;
the number of the powder with the grain diameter of less than 90 mu m in the high-speed steel powder accounts for more than 90 percent; the material of the sheath comprises a low-carbon steel plate or a strip; the vacuum degree in the vacuum-pumped sheath is less than or equal to 9 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa；
(2) The powder high-speed steel material is forged at the initial forging temperature of 1100-1180 ℃ and the final forging temperature of 900-950 ℃ to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punching blank;
(3) The metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching at 1050-1200 ℃, deep cooling treatment, tempering at 560-600 ℃ for 3 times and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product;
carrying out oil cooling or high-pressure gas cooling after quenching; the pressure of the high-pressure air cooling is more than 6bar; the cryogenic treatment comprises the steps of putting the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die subjected to oil cooling or high-pressure air cooling into a cryogenic treatment furnace to be cooled to-60 to-190 ℃; after each tempering, cooling to below 30 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the preparation method of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch, the powder high-speed steel material obtained by the high-speed steel powder hot isostatic pressing treatment is uniform in structure, carbides are not segregated, the compressive strength, the impact toughness and the wear resistance are superior to those of common high-speed steel bars, and the service life of the finally obtained metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch finished product is more than 3 times that of the common high-speed steel die punch;
(2) According to the preparation method of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping, the forging difficulty of the powder high-speed steel material is greatly reduced, the processing cost is low, and the preparation method has a large-scale industrial popularization and application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic picture of the HPM20 high speed steel powder of example 1.
Fig. 2 is a metallographic picture of a bar of M2 high speed steel in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
The present invention is described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the claims, which are defined by the claims.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a punch of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting HPM20 high-speed steel powder with the oxygen content of 200ppm, which is obtained by powder preparation through vacuum gas atomization, into a low-carbon steel plate sheath with the wall thickness of 3mm, vacuumizing, and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment at the temperature of 1100 ℃ and the pressure of 150MPa to obtain a powder high-speed steel material; wherein the metallographic picture of the HPM20 high speed steel powder is shown in figure 1;
the high-speed steel powder comprises 93% of powder with the particle size of less than 90 mu m; the vacuum degree in the sheath after vacuum pumping is 2 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa；
(2) Forging the powder high-speed steel material at the initial forging temperature of 1180 ℃ and the final forging temperature of 950 ℃ to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank;
(3) The metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching at the temperature of 1200 ℃, cryogenic treatment, tempering at the temperature of 560 ℃ for 3 times and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product;
carrying out oil cooling after quenching; the deep cooling treatment comprises the steps of putting the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die after oil cooling into a deep cooling treatment furnace to be cooled to-60 ℃; after each tempering, the steel is cooled to 20 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting HPM23 high-speed steel powder with oxygen content of 180ppm obtained by powder making through vacuum gas atomization into a strip sheath with the wall thickness of 2mm, vacuumizing, and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment at 1180 ℃ and 100MPa to obtain powder high-speed steel material;
the high-speed steel powder has the grain size of less than 90 mu m, and the quantity of the powder accounts for 94 percent; the vacuum degree in the vacuum-pumped sheath is 5 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa；
(2) Forging the powder high-speed steel material at the initial forging temperature of 1140 ℃ and the final forging temperature of 900 ℃ to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank;
(3) The metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching at the temperature of 1150 ℃, deep cooling treatment, tempering at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 3 times and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product;
performing high-pressure air cooling after quenching; the pressure of the high-pressure air cooling is 7bar; the deep cooling treatment comprises the steps of putting the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die subjected to high-pressure air cooling into a deep cooling treatment furnace to be cooled to-190 ℃; after each tempering, the steel is cooled to 25 ℃.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting HPM05 high-speed steel powder with the oxygen content of 120ppm, which is obtained by powder preparation through vacuum gas atomization, into a low-carbon steel plate sheath with the wall thickness of 5mm, vacuumizing, and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment at the temperature of 1140 ℃ and the pressure of 200MPa to obtain a powder high-speed steel material;
the high-speed steel powder comprises 91% of powder with the particle size of less than 90 mu m; the vacuum degree in the vacuum-pumped sheath is 7 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa；
(2) Forging the powder high-speed steel material at the initial forging temperature of 1100 ℃ and the final forging temperature of 930 ℃ to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank;
(3) The metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching at 1100 ℃, cryogenic treatment, tempering at 570 ℃ for 3 times and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product;
after quenching, carrying out high-pressure air cooling to 25 ℃; the pressure of the high-pressure air cooling is 6bar; the deep cooling treatment comprises the steps of putting the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die subjected to high-pressure air cooling into a deep cooling treatment furnace to be cooled to-100 ℃; after each tempering, the steel is cooled to 25 ℃.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a method for manufacturing a metallic soft magnetic powder compacting die, which is the same as example 1 except that the HPM20 high speed steel powder in step (1) is replaced with DC53 powder.
The DC53 powder of this comparative example has disadvantages of low compressive strength and poor wear resistance compared to the high-speed steel powder, and thus the ratio of the service life of the metallic soft-magnetic powder pressing die punch obtained by the preparation to the service life of the metallic soft-magnetic powder pressing die punch obtained by example 1 was 1.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example provides a method for preparing a metallic soft magnetic powder pressing die punch, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Forging the M2 high-speed steel bar material at the initial forging temperature of 1180 ℃ and the final forging temperature of 950 ℃ to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank;
(2) The metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching at the temperature of 1150 ℃, deep cooling treatment, tempering at the temperature of 560 ℃ for 3 times and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product;
carrying out oil cooling after quenching; after each tempering, the steel is cooled to 20 ℃.
The metallographic graph of the M2 high-speed steel bar in this comparative example is shown in fig. 2, and the M2 high-speed steel bar has defects such as coarse eutectic carbides, carbide segregation, and anisotropy in material properties, so the ratio of the service life of the punch of the prepared metal soft magnetic powder pressing die to the service life of the punch of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die obtained in example 1 is 1.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example provides a method for preparing a metallic soft magnetic powder compacting die, the method comprising: and turning the M2 high-speed steel bar to obtain a finished product of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die.
In the turning treatment of the comparison example, the cutting amount of the M2 high-speed steel bar is large, a large amount of raw materials are wasted, a large amount of machining working hours are consumed, the abrasion to the cutter is large, and the cost for preparing the stamping of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die is high. And the ratio of the service life of the metallic soft magnetic powder pressing die punch obtained by the preparation to the service life of the metallic soft magnetic powder pressing die punch obtained in example 1 was 1.
The compression strength, impact toughness, wear volume per unit time, and life results of the metallic soft magnetic powder press die punch blanks obtained in the above examples are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the compression strength of the metallic soft magnetic powder press die blanks obtained in examples 1 to 3 was 3950MPa, the impact toughness was 62J, and the wear volume per unit time was only 1.1X 10 -4 cm 3 And/min, the service life of the finally obtained metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product can reach 55 ten thousand times.
In addition, the forging difficulty of the powder high-speed steel material is greatly reduced in the preparation method of the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping, the processing cost is low, and the preparation method has a large-scale industrial popularization and application prospect.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein fall within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Filling high-speed steel powder obtained by powder preparation through vacuum gas atomization into a sheath, vacuumizing, and performing hot isostatic pressing treatment to obtain a powder high-speed steel material;
(2) Forging the powder high-speed steel material to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank;
(3) And the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching, cryogenic treatment, tempering and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen content of the high-speed steel powder in step (1) is 200ppm or less.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of powder having a particle size of 90 μm or less in the high-speed steel powder in step (1) is 90% or more.
4. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the material of the sheath in the step (1) comprises mild steel plate or strip.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wall thickness of the jacket of step (1) is 2 to 5mm;
preferably, the vacuum degree in the vacuum-pumped sheath is less than or equal to 9 x 10 -2 Pa。
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hot isostatic pressing treatment in step (1) is performed at a temperature of 1100 to 1180 ℃;
preferably, the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 100-200 MPa.
7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the forging treatment of step (2) has an initial forging temperature of 1100 to 1180 ℃;
preferably, the finish forging temperature of the forging treatment is 900 to 950 ℃.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the temperature of quenching in step (3) is 1050 to 1200 ℃;
preferably, the quenching is followed by oil cooling or high pressure gas cooling;
preferably, the pressure of the high-pressure air cooling is more than 6bar;
preferably, the cryogenic treatment comprises the step of placing the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die after oil cooling or high-pressure air cooling into a cryogenic treatment furnace to be cooled to-60 ℃ to-190 ℃.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the temperature of the tempering in the step (3) is 560 to 600 ℃;
preferably, the tempering is performed 3 times, each tempering being followed by cooling to below 30 ℃.
10. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) High-speed steel powder with oxygen content less than or equal to 200ppm obtained by powder preparation through vacuum gas atomization is filled into a sheath with the wall thickness of 2-5 mm, and after vacuum pumping, hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out at the temperature of 1100-1180 ℃ and the pressure of 100-200 MPa, so as to obtain the powder high-speed steel material;
the number of the powder with the grain diameter of less than 90 mu m in the high-speed steel powder accounts for more than 90 percent; the material of the sheath comprises a low-carbon steel plate or a strip; the vacuum degree in the vacuum-pumped sheath is less than or equal to 9 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa；
(2) The powder high-speed steel material is forged at the initial forging temperature of 1100-1180 ℃ and the final forging temperature of 900-950 ℃ to prepare a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die punching blank;
(3) The metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping blank is subjected to rough machining, quenching at 1050-1200 ℃, deep cooling treatment, tempering at 560-600 ℃ for 3 times and finish machining in sequence to obtain a metal soft magnetic powder pressing die stamping finished product;
carrying out oil cooling or high-pressure gas cooling after quenching; the pressure of the high-pressure air cooling is more than 6bar; the deep cooling treatment comprises the steps of putting the metal soft magnetic powder pressing die subjected to oil cooling or high-pressure air cooling into a deep cooling treatment furnace to be cooled to-60 to-190 ℃; after each tempering, cooling to below 30 ℃.
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Country or region after: China Address after: No. 8 Jingba Road, Lianxin Village, Linjiang Town, Jiangdong New District, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, 517000 Applicant after: Heyuan Boke New Material Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: HUIZHOU BOKE INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: SHENZHEN POCO MAGNETIC Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: Chengdu platinum New Material Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: POCO HOLDING Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 203-1, Building 2, Management Committee, Heyuan Jiangdong New Area, East Ring Road, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, 517000 Applicant before: Heyuan Boke New Material Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China Applicant before: HUIZHOU BOKE INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: SHENZHEN POCO MAGNETIC Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: Chengdu platinum New Material Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: POCO HOLDING Co.,Ltd. |