CN115624541A - 一种外用解酒剂、解酒药贴及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种外用解酒剂、解酒药贴及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种外用解酒剂、解酒药贴及其制备方法,其外用解酒剂特点是,它由活性成分和药用辅料组成。其解酒药贴特点是,它由活性成分和药用辅料组成。其制备方法包括制备麦冬多糖;制备白茅根多糖;将制得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖按比例混合获得活性成分溶液;将药用辅料按比例称量,再用溶剂溶解,得到药用辅料溶液;将获得的活性成分溶液与药用辅料溶液按比例混合制得涂布液;将所述涂布液均匀涂布于防黏层上,自然晾干后形成载药压敏胶层;将背衬层覆盖于载药压敏胶层上,冲切,制成成品。具有良好的感受功能和传导功能。将该贴剂于神阙穴给药后,发现其比一般皮肤给药,透皮效果更好、生物利用度更高,药效作用更强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂技术领域,是一种外用解酒剂、解酒药贴及其制备方法。
背景技术
麦冬多糖能够延长醉酒潜伏期,抑制氧自由基的释放,延缓酒精在胃的吸收等作用,进而起到保肝、护肝和解酒作用。
白茅根提取物能增强酒精中毒小鼠肝脑组织中的超氧化物歧化酶活力,抑制羟自由基活性,降低丙二醛水平,提高机体抗氧化能力,减轻自由基对肝脑组织的病理损害,因此白茅根对酒精中毒所致的肝和脑损伤具有保护作用。
饮酒的人通常采用解酒药醒酒。目前解酒药的临床使用剂型有:丸剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂等,虽然剂型不同,但都是口服给药。口服给药的药效常常因肝脏的“首过效应”而大大降低。并且大多数添加了利尿剂、激素等,这些成分人吃了以后短时间内会感到清醒、亢奋、食欲大开,但长期服用将伤及身体。迄今为止未见有解酒药采用外用给药的实际应用和文献报道。
外用给药通常为经皮给药,经皮给药系统在运用的过程中,经皮渗透的效果会受到敷贴位置的影响,因此寻找一个适合于肠动力障碍治疗的穴位非常关键。通过穴位敷贴药物,可以达到通过药物刺激相应的穴位而发挥药效和穴位经络的双重治疗作用。中医认为,脐中(神阙穴) 为通五脏而真神来往之门,《五十二病方》中已有记载脐疗之法;同时现代硏究表明,脐部周围皮肤角质层较薄,皮下无脂肪,渗透力强。因此,较其他部位皮肤更利于药物吸收,是经皮给药的理想给药部位之一。因此,将解酒药制成外敷脐部的透皮贴剂,具有独特的优势。
透皮贴剂的优势在于去除了肝脏的首过清除效应,避免了药物化学与生物效应对于胃肠道的剌激,降低或避免副作用的发生,而且由于药物的靶向性较好,药物的使用剂量也大为减少,病人使用也较方使。通过有效地提取、纯化药物有效成分,减少用药剂量,适应透皮贴剂载药量小的特点。实验结果也表明,解酒透皮贴剂中的有效成分皮肤透过性好。因此,将麦冬提取物及白茅根提取物制成透皮贴剂是合理、可行而且是有意义的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种外用解酒剂、解酒药贴及其制备方法,既能够发挥药效作用,还可以显著促进麦冬及白茅根多糖中有效成分的经皮渗透,透皮效果更好、生物利用度更高,药效作用更强。
本发明解决技术问题的方案之一是:一种外用解酒剂,其特征是,它由活性成分和药用辅料组成,活性成分和药用辅料的重量份比为1:8。
所述活性成分由麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖组成,其中麦冬多糖5-15mg,白茅根多糖3-8mg;
所述药用辅料由维生素A1 0.5-1.0mg,维生素B12 1.0-1.5mg,维生素B2 1.5-2.0mg,维生素B61.5-2.5mg,维生素D 3.0-3.5mg,维生素E 5-15mg,维生素B1 100-200mg,绿茶多糖5-15mg,维生素C 150-250mg,牛磺酸15-25mg组成。
所述活性成分或者由麦冬和白茅根组成,其中麦冬粉末5-15g,白茅根粉末:1.0-1.5g,将麦冬和白茅根分别提取出麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖,组成活性成分。
所述活性成分用溶剂溶解成活性成分溶液,其浓度为20%-30%,所述溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合溶剂。
所述麦冬多糖的制备方法如下:称取5-15g麦冬粉末于250mL烧杯中,按照液料比为8mL∶1g加入蒸馏水,提取温度为60℃-80℃,水浴提取1.5h,抽滤,收集滤液,将滤液浓缩至10-15mL后加入足30-80mL 95%乙醇,4℃静置一晚,待麦冬多糖全部沉降,抽滤,滤饼经真空干燥2-3h即得麦冬多糖。
所述白茅根多糖的制备方法如下:将白茅根于50℃-60℃烘干,粉碎过60目筛,称取 1.0-1.5g粉末样品,试验采用水浴法,用乙醇溶液作为浸提剂,按液料比30mL∶1g、乙醇浓度70%、提取温度60℃、提取时间60-80min,置于水浴锅中提取,提取2-4次,合并提取液,即可获得白茅根多糖。
所述药用辅料用溶剂溶解成药用辅料溶液,其浓度为79%-87%,所述溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合溶剂。
本发明解决技术问题的方案之二是:一种解酒药贴,其特征是:它由涂布液、防黏层和背衬层组成,所述涂布液涂覆在防黏层上面,所述背衬层粘接覆盖在涂布液上。
所述涂布液由重量份比的外用解酒剂、透皮吸收促进剂和压敏胶组成,其外用解酒剂:透皮吸收促进剂:压敏胶为14:3:24。
所述解酒药贴的外用解酒剂为权利要求1所述的外用解酒剂。
所述解酒药贴的透皮吸收促进剂为药用表面活性剂、亚砜类化合物、月桂氮卓酮类、醇类及其酯类化合物、萜烯类中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
所述解酒药贴的压敏胶选自聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、聚异丁烯压敏胶、硅酮压敏胶、热熔压敏胶的一种或多种。
本发明解决技术问题的方案之三是:一种解酒药贴的制备方法,其特征是:
1)制备麦冬多糖;
2)制备白茅根多糖;
3)将制得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖按比例混合获得活性成分溶液;
4)将维生素A1、维生素B12、维生素B2,维生素B6、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、绿茶多糖、维生素C和牛磺酸等药用辅料按比例称量,再用溶剂溶解,得到浓度为79%-87%药用辅料溶液;
5)将获得的活性成分溶液与药用辅料溶液按比例混合,超声脱气10-20min,制得涂布液;
6)将所述涂布液均匀涂布于防黏层上,自然晾干后,30-40℃干燥10-30min形成载药压敏胶层;
7)将背衬层覆盖于载药压敏胶层上,冲切,制成成品。
所述涂布液在防粘层上的涂布量以麦冬多糖及白茅根多糖的质量计为0.02—0.06g/cm2。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述的麦冬多糖的制备方法如下:
5-15g麦冬粉末,乙醇用量80mL、液料比为8∶1(mL/g)、提取温度为60℃-80℃、提取时间为1.5h,麦冬多糖得率为20.17%。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述的白茅根多糖的制备方法如下:将白茅根于按乙醇浓度70%、提取温度60℃、提取时间60-80min加入乙醇溶液,置于水浴锅中提取,提取2-5次,合并提取液,即可获得白茅根多糖。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述的解酒透皮贴剂的制备方法步骤(3)所述溶剂可以为乙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合溶剂,最优丙二醇、丙三醇任意比例的混合溶剂。
本发明基于以下观点:
叶酸能够有助于细胞的分类生长,对核酸以及蛋白质等物质的合成起着十分重要的作用,帮助机体利用糖分以及氨基酸。
绿茶多糖作为抗氧化剂,既可抑制乙醇氧化为乙醛,也可清除机体内由乙醇介导的氧化应激产生的自由基,减缓酒精性肝病患者症状,具有护肝作用。酒精性肝损伤主要是乙醇引起的自由基损伤,绿茶多糖作为自由基清除剂,具有抑制酒精性肝损伤的作用,具有临床应用价值。
牛磺酸可显著延长肝脏对酒精的耐受时间,缩短醉酒的维持时间,并可明显降低血液中乙醇浓度。牛磺酸具有良好的解酒防醉效果,其作用机制可能是牛磺酸提高肝脏内ADH和ALDH 的活性,加速乙醇和乙醛的代谢,减轻了二者对机体的毒性反应。
维生素B1在体内与焦磷酸结合成辅羧酶,参与糖代谢中丙酮酸和α-酮戊二酸的氧化脱羧反应,是糖类代谢所必须。缺乏时,氧化受阻形成丙酮酸、乳酸堆积,并影响机体能量供应。
维生素B2:又叫核黄素。核典素是体内许多重要辅酶类的组成成分,这些酶能在体内物质代谢过程中传递氢,它还是蛋白质、糖、脂肪酸代谢和能量利用与组成所必需的物质。
维生素B6主要作用在人体的血液、肌肉、神经、皮肤等。功能有抗体的合成、消化系统中胃酸的制造、脂肪与蛋白质利用(尤其在减肥时应补充)、维持钠/钾平衡(稳定神经系统)。
维生素B12别称氰钴胺,作为辅酶参与脂肪及碳水化合物的代谢和蛋白质的合成以及血细胞的形成。尚用于神经系统疾病(如神经炎、神经萎缩等)、肝脏疾病(肝炎、肝硬化) 等。
维生素C能改善肝功,促进新陈代谢;大剂量应用可进一步提高体液免疫,促进抗体形成,加强白细胞的吞噬作用,增强机体的抗病能力,减轻肝脏脂肪,促进肝细胞的修复、再生和肝糖原的合成,改善新陈代谢,增加利尿作用。
维生素E是一种脂溶性维生素,其水解产物为生育酚,是最主要的抗氧化剂之一。溶于脂肪和乙醇等有机溶剂中,不溶于水,对热、酸稳定。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明基于“药辅合”的理论,创造性地以麦冬多糖、白茅根多糖及多种辅料组方,研制透皮贴剂,该贴剂能实现恒速释药、透皮效果好、药效作用强;并且稳定性好、黏性优异,能紧密黏贴于皮肤部位,剥离时没有明显痛感,皮肤上无残留,患者依从性好。本发明研制的解酒透皮贴剂,透皮促进剂不仅可以发挥药效作用,还可以显著促进麦冬及白茅根多糖中有效成分的经皮渗透,实现了协同增效作用,药效实验表明其对缓解酒后不适感具有非常好的治疗作用。神阙穴因其脐周平坦、脐部凹陷特殊的解剖特点,成临床上进行穴位敷贴常选用的穴位。脐部皮肤比较薄嫩,其下有丰富的静脉丛和神经分布,血液循环旺盛,具有敏感度髙渗透力强、吸收快等特点,具有良好的感受功能和传导功能。本发明将该贴剂于神阙穴给药后,发现其比一般皮肤给药,透皮效果更好、生物利用度更高,药效作用更强。
本发明所述的制备方法有效地提取了药物有效成分,除去了无效成分,减小了用药剂量, 适应了透皮贴剂载药量小的特点,压敏胶选用聚丙烯酸酯类聚合物,对皮肤刺激性小;采用氮酮、冰片、薄荷脑或肉豆蔻酸异丙酯等作为透皮吸收促进剂,药物皮肤透过性好,有利于药效充分发挥。与解酒药口服制剂相比,本发明透皮贴剂外敷脐部,透皮吸收,避免了口服给药可能发生的肝首过效应及胃肠灭活,提高了疗效;药物按适当的速度缓慢释放,血药浓度“峰谷”波动较小,增强了治疗效果,减少了胃肠给药的副作用;延长作用时间,减少用药次数,改善患者用药顺应性;用药方便,可以随时中断给药。
具体实施方式
下面利用具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1,本实施例一种外用解酒剂,它由活性成分和药用辅料组成,活性成分和药用辅料的重量份比为1:8。
所述活性成分由麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖组成,其中麦冬多糖5mg,白茅根多糖3mg。
所述麦冬多糖由麦冬粉末制备获得,其制备方法如下:
称取5g麦冬粉末于250mL烧杯中,按照液料比为8mL∶1g加入蒸馏水,提取温度为60℃-80℃,水浴提取1.5h,抽滤,收集滤液,将滤液浓缩至10mL后加入足30mL 95%乙醇, 4℃静置一晚,待麦冬多糖全部沉降,抽滤,滤饼经真空干燥2h即得麦冬多糖。
所述白茅根多糖由白茅根制备获得,其制备方法如下:
将白茅根于50℃-60℃烘干,粉碎过60目筛,称取1.0g粉末样品,试验采用水浴法,用乙醇溶液作为浸提剂,按液料比30mL∶1g、乙醇浓度70%、提取温度60℃、提取时间60min,置于水浴锅中提取,提取3次,合并提取液,即可获得白茅根多糖。
将获得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖加入乙醇溶解,获得浓度为20%的活性成分溶液。
所述药用辅料由维生素A1 0.5mg,维生素B12 1.0mg,维生素B2 1.5mg,维生素B61.5 mg,维生素D 3.0mg,维生素E 5mg,维生素B1 100mg,绿茶多糖5mg,维生素C 150mg,牛磺酸15mg组成。
所述药用辅料用乙醇溶解成药用辅料溶液,其浓度为79%。
实施例2,本实施例一种外用解酒剂,它由活性成分和药用辅料组成,活性成分和药用辅料的重量份比为1:8。
所述活性成分由麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖组成,其中麦冬多糖10mg,白茅根多糖5mg。
所述麦冬多糖由麦冬粉末制备获得,其制备方法如下:
称取10g麦冬粉末于250mL烧杯中,按照液料比为8mL∶1g加入蒸馏水,提取温度为60℃-80℃,水浴提取1.5h,抽滤,收集滤液,将滤液浓缩至10mL后加入足30mL 95%乙醇, 4℃静置一晚,待麦冬多糖全部沉降,抽滤,滤饼经真空干燥2h即得麦冬多糖。
所述白茅根多糖由白茅根制备获得,其制备方法如下:
将白茅根于50℃-60℃烘干,粉碎过60目筛,称取1.25g粉末样品,试验采用水浴法, 用乙醇溶液作为浸提剂,按液料比30mL∶1g、乙醇浓度70%、提取温度60℃、提取时间60min,置于水浴锅中提取,提取3次,合并提取液,即可获得白茅根多糖。
将获得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖加入乙醇溶解,获得浓度为25%的活性成分溶液。
所述药用辅料由维生素A1 0.75mg,维生素B12 1.25mg,维生素B2 1.75mg,维生素B6 2.0 mg,维生素D 3.25mg,维生素E10mg,维生素B1 150mg,绿茶多糖10mg,维生素C200mg,牛磺酸20mg组成。
所述药用辅料用乙醇溶解成药用辅料溶液,其浓度为83%。
实施例3,本实施例一种外用解酒剂,它由活性成分和药用辅料组成,活性成分和药用辅料的重量份比为1:8。
所述活性成分由麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖组成,其中麦冬多糖15mg,白茅根多糖8mg。
所述麦冬多糖由麦冬粉末制备获得,其制备方法如下:
称取15g麦冬粉末于250mL烧杯中,按照液料比为8mL∶1g加入蒸馏水,提取温度为60℃-80℃,水浴提取1.5h,抽滤,收集滤液,将滤液浓缩至10mL后加入足30mL 95%乙醇, 4℃静置一晚,待麦冬多糖全部沉降,抽滤,滤饼经真空干燥2h即得麦冬多糖。
所述由白茅根制备获得,其制备方法如下:
将白茅根于50℃-60℃烘干,粉碎过60目筛,称取1.5g粉末样品,试验采用水浴法,用乙醇溶液作为浸提剂,按液料比30mL∶1g、乙醇浓度70%、提取温度60℃、提取时间60min,置于水浴锅中提取,提取3次,合并提取液,即可获得白茅根多糖。
将获得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖加入溶剂溶解,获得浓度为30%的活性成分溶液,所述溶剂为体积6:1的丙二醇和丙三醇。
所述药用辅料由维生素A1 1.0mg,维生素B12 1.5mg,维生素B2 2.0mg,维生素B62.5 mg,维生素D 3.5mg,维生素E15mg,维生素B1 200mg,绿茶多糖15mg,维生素C250mg,牛磺酸25mg组成。
所述药用辅料用溶剂溶解成药用辅料溶液,其浓度为87%所述溶剂为体积6:1的丙二醇和丙三醇。
实施例4,本实施例一种解酒药贴,它由涂布液、防黏层和背衬层组成,所述涂布液涂覆在防黏层上面,所述背衬层粘接覆盖在涂布液上;
所述涂布液由重量份比的外用解酒剂、透皮吸收促进剂和压敏胶组成,其外用解酒剂:透皮吸收促进剂:压敏胶为14:3:24;
所述外用解酒剂为实施例1所述的外用解酒剂。
所述透皮吸收促进剂为亚砜类化合物。
所述压敏胶选自硅酮。
所述背衬层为聚对苯二甲酸乙醇酯膜
本实施例的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)制备麦冬多糖;
2)制备白茅根多糖;
3)将制得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖按比例混合,再用乙醇溶解获得活性成分溶液;
4)将维生素A1、维生素B12、维生素B2,维生素B6、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、绿茶多糖、维生素C和牛磺酸等药用辅料按比例称量,再用乙醇溶解,得到浓度为 79%药用辅料溶液;
5)将获得的活性成分溶液与药用辅料溶液按比例混合,超声脱气10-20min,制得涂布液;
6)将所述涂布液均匀涂布于防黏层上,自然晾干后,30-40℃干燥10-30min形成载药压敏胶层;所述涂布液在防粘层上的涂布量以麦冬多糖及白茅根多糖的质量计为0.025g/cm2;
7)将背衬层覆盖于载药压敏胶层上,冲切,制成成品。
实施例5,本实施例一种解酒药贴,它由涂布液、防黏层和背衬层组成,所述涂布液涂覆在防黏层上面,所述背衬层粘接覆盖在涂布液上;
所述涂布液由重量份比的外用解酒剂、透皮吸收促进剂和压敏胶组成,其外用解酒剂:透皮吸收促进剂:压敏胶为14:3:24;
所述外用解酒剂为实施例2所述的外用解酒剂。
所述透皮吸收促进剂为月桂氮卓酮类。
所述压敏胶选自聚丙烯酸酯。
所述背衬层为多层复合铝箔。
本实施例的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)制备麦冬多糖;
2)制备白茅根多糖;
3)将制得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖按比例混合,再用乙醇溶解获得活性成分溶液;
4)将维生素A1、维生素B12、维生素B2,维生素B6、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、绿茶多糖、维生素C和牛磺酸等药用辅料按比例称量,再用溶剂溶解,得到浓度为83%药用辅料溶液;
5)将获得的活性成分溶液与药用辅料溶液按比例混合,超声脱气10-20min,制得涂布液;
6)将所述涂布液均匀涂布于防黏层上,自然晾干后,30-40℃干燥10-30min形成载药压敏胶层;所述涂布液在防粘层上的涂布量以麦冬多糖及白茅根多糖的质量计为0.025g/cm2;
7)将背衬层覆盖于载药压敏胶层上,冲切,制成成品。
实施例6,本实施例一种解酒药贴,它由涂布液、防黏层和背衬层组成,所述涂布液涂覆在防黏层上面,所述背衬层粘接覆盖在涂布液上;
所述涂布液由重量份比的外用解酒剂、透皮吸收促进剂和压敏胶组成,其外用解酒剂:透皮吸收促进剂:压敏胶为14:3:24;
所述外用解酒剂为实施例3所述的外用解酒剂。
所述透皮吸收促进剂为醇类。
所述压敏胶选自聚异丁烯。
所述背衬层为聚苯乙烯。
本实施例的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)制备麦冬多糖;
2)制备白茅根多糖;
3)将制得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖按比例混合,再用乙醇溶解获得活性成分溶液;
4)将维生素A1、维生素B12、维生素B2,维生素B6、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、绿茶多糖、维生素C和牛磺酸等药用辅料按比例称量,再用溶剂溶解,得到浓度为87%药用辅料溶液;
5)将获得的活性成分溶液与药用辅料溶液按比例混合,超声脱气10-20min,制得涂布液;
6)将所述涂布液均匀涂布于防黏层上,自然晾干后,30-40℃干燥10-30min形成载药压敏胶层;所述涂布液在防粘层上的涂布量以麦冬多糖及白茅根多糖的质量计为0.025g/cm2;
7)将背衬层覆盖于载药压敏胶层上,冲切,制成成品。
实施例7,急性酒精中毒小鼠模型建立
小鼠灌酒量的选择取,正常小鼠20只,体重为(25-30)g,每组4只,随机分为5组。禁食 12h后,各组小鼠分别按体重灌胃56°饮用白酒北京红星二锅头10、12、13、14、16mL/kg,观察小鼠醉酒表现,记录小鼠的入睡数,醒酒数以及死亡数,经实验表明,13mL/kg·bw(5.75g/kg:b)的灌胃剂量能使实验小鼠的醉酒率最高而死亡率最低。因此选择此剂量作为后续实验的最适灌酒剂量。
取小鼠15只,称量体重,25g左右,分为三组,正常对照组、急性酒精中毒模型组、治疗组,每组各5只。取10只小鼠按10g/(kg·d)红星牌二锅头,分2次灌胃(间隔1h),小鼠出现反应淡漠、行动迟缓、嗜睡、翻正反射消失情况等症状,活动明显减少,证明醉酒小鼠模型建立成功。将其随机分为急性酒精中毒模型组、治疗组。其余5只小鼠作为正常对照组,只给水和普通饲料。急性酒精中毒模型组小鼠灌胃给予蒸馏水,灌胃体积为10ml/kg体重,治疗组小鼠灌胃白茅根多糖和麦冬多糖混合物,灌胃体积为10ml/kg体重,然后观察小鼠的活动情况。记录从翻正反射消失的时间到恢复时间,即醉酒维持时间。
实验结果:与正常对照组比较,白茅根麦冬多糖剂量组的醉酒维持时间显著缩短(P<0.05)。
1.标本采集
分别取正常对照组、急性酒精中毒模型组、治疗组小鼠肝组织,用生理盐水洗净,除去血液,剔除脂肪及结缔组织。用滤纸吸干表面水分后,用电子天平精确称取。配置肝匀浆:其中肝组织和生理盐水按1:9(g/mL)的比例加入,在冰浴上将肝组织用剪刀稍稍剪碎后,用超声破碎仪处理(400W,15s,3~5次),得到肝匀浆。分别将三组的肝匀浆分为两部分,其中的一部分肝匀浆,10000xg离心10min后得到一部分上清液,-20度冰箱保存。另一部分肝匀浆同样条件下,后以3∶1的比例加饱和硫酸铵溶液,所得上清液即为粗酶液,-20度冰箱保存。
2.抗氧化实验的检测
将正常对照组、急性酒精中毒模型组、治疗组的上清液分别用试剂盒去测量丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量测定和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。
测定结果得到急性酒精中毒模型组小鼠肝组织SOD、CAT活力与正常小鼠肝组织相比降低;治疗组小鼠肝组织SOD、CAT活力与急性酒精中毒模型组小鼠相比活性升高。
测定结果得到急性酒精中毒模型组小鼠肝组织MDA、GSH的含量与正常小鼠肝组织相比升高。治疗组小鼠肝组织MDA、GSH的含量与急性酒精中毒模型组小鼠相比活性降低。
3.体外透皮实验
取小鼠10只,称量体重,25g左右。建立急性酒精中毒模型。将其随机分为正常对照组、实验组,共2组,每组5只。实验组将解酒药贴剂贴于小鼠腹部,对照组不做任何变化,然后观察小鼠活动。从贴上解酒药贴开始计时,记录从小鼠翻正反射等症状消失开始到恢复正常的时间,与正常对照组相比,贴解酒药贴的实验组小鼠醉酒维持时间显著缩短。
本实施例所述解酒药贴为实施例1的解酒药贴。
实施例8,慢性酒精中毒小鼠模型的建立及分组
取小鼠15只,称量体重,25g左右,分为三组,正常对照组,慢性酒精中毒模型组、治疗组,每组各5只。其中10只小鼠按10g/(kg·d)白酒,分2次灌胃(间隔12h),连续白酒灌胃7d后,小鼠毛发无光泽,性情不稳定,轻者烦躁不安、精神萎靡、反应淡漠、食欲减退和行动迟缓,重者出现流涎、体态呆板、嗜睡,睡眠时间明显增多,活动明显减少,体重增长缓慢,证明慢性酒精中毒模型成功建立。慢性酒精中毒模型建立成功的小鼠分为慢性酒精中毒模型组和治疗组,每组5只。另5只小鼠作为正常对照组,只给水和普通饲料。正常对照组小鼠毛发有光泽,体态活泼,食量及大便正常,无嗜睡现象。治疗组的小鼠于第 8天起,用白酒灌胃的同时,1h后用白茅根麦冬提取液按中等剂量12g/kg给小鼠灌胃, 1次/d,连续灌胃7d;酒精中毒模型组只用白酒灌胃,不作任何干预。
1.标本采集
各组小鼠于第15天处死后分别迅速取出肝组织,按照急性酒精中毒肝匀浆及上清液的制备方法取正常对照组、慢性酒精中毒小组、治疗组上清液待测定。
2.抗氧化实验的检测
将正常对照组、慢性酒精中毒模型组、治疗组的上清液分别用试剂盒去测量丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量测定和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果与急性酒精中毒的抗氧化实验结果一致。
3.体外透皮实验
取小鼠10只,称量体重,25g左右。建立慢性酒精中毒模型。将10只慢性酒精中毒模型的小鼠分为对照组和治疗组,每组各5只。治疗组将解酒药贴贴于小鼠腹部,对照组不做任何变化,然后观察小鼠活动。从贴上解酒药贴开始计时,记录从小鼠翻正反射等症状消失开始到恢复正常的时间,与正常对照组相比,贴解酒药贴的实验组小鼠醉酒维持时间显著缩短。实验结果表明,解酒透皮贴剂对解酒具有较好的抑制作用,透皮贴剂贴敷12h后,小鼠皮肤未见红肿,表明透皮贴剂对皮肤无明显的刺激性。
本实施例所述解酒药贴为实施例5的解酒药贴。
本发明中所用原料、设备,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常用原料、设备;本发明中所用方法,若无特别说明,均为该领域的常规方法。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作任何其他形式的限制,而依据本发明的技术实质所作的任何修改或等同变化,仍属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种外用解酒剂,其特征是,它由活性成分和药用辅料组成,活性成分和药用辅料的重量份比为1:8;
所述活性成分由麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖组成,其中麦冬多糖5-15mg,白茅根多糖3-8mg;
所述药用辅料由维生素A1 0.5-1.0mg,维生素B12 1.0-1.5mg,维生素B2 1.5-2.0mg,维生素B61.5-2.5mg,维生素D 3.0-3.5mg,维生素E 5-15mg,维生素B1 100-200mg,绿茶多糖5-15mg,维生素C 150-250mg,牛磺酸15-25mg组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种外用解酒剂,其特征是,所述活性成分用溶剂溶解成活性成分溶液,其浓度为20%-30%,所述溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合溶剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的外用解酒剂,其特征是:所述麦冬多糖的制备方法如下:
称取5-15g麦冬粉末于250mL烧杯中,按照液料比为8mL∶1g加入蒸馏水,提取温度为60℃-80℃,水浴提取1.5h,抽滤,收集滤液,将滤液浓缩至10-15mL后加入足30-80mL95%乙醇,4℃静置一晚,待麦冬多糖全部沉降,抽滤,滤饼经真空干燥2-3h即得麦冬多糖。
4.如权利要求1所述的外用解酒剂,其特征是所述:所述白茅根多糖的制备方法如下:
将白茅根于50℃-60℃烘干,粉碎过60目筛,称取1.0-1.5g粉末样品,试验采用水浴法,用乙醇溶液作为浸提剂,按液料比30mL∶1g、乙醇浓度70%、提取温度60℃、提取时间60-80min,置于水浴锅中提取,提取2-4次,合并提取液,即可获得白茅根多糖。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种外用解酒剂,其特征是,所述药用辅料用溶剂溶解成药用辅料溶液,其浓度为79%-87%,所述溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合溶剂。
6.一种解酒药贴,其特征是:它由涂布液、防黏层和背衬层组成,所述涂布液涂覆在防黏层上面,所述背衬层粘接覆盖在涂布液上;
所述涂布液由重量份比的外用解酒剂、透皮吸收促进剂和压敏胶组成,其外用解酒剂:透皮吸收促进剂:压敏胶为14:3:24;
所述外用解酒剂为权利要求1所述的外用解酒剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的解酒药贴,其特征是:所述透皮吸收促进剂为药用表面活性剂、亚砜类化合物、月桂氮卓酮类、醇类及其酯类化合物、萜烯类中的一种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
8.如权利要求6所述的解酒药贴,其特征是:所述压敏胶选自聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶、聚异丁烯压敏胶、硅酮压敏胶、热熔压敏胶的一种或多种。
9.一种解酒药贴的制备方法,其特征是:
1)制备麦冬多糖;
2)制备白茅根多糖;
3)将制得的麦冬多糖和白茅根多糖按比例混合获得活性成分溶液;
4)将维生素A1、维生素B12、维生素B2,维生素B6、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B1、绿茶多糖、维生素C和牛磺酸药用辅料按比例称量,再用溶剂溶解,得到浓度为 79%-87%药用辅料溶液;
5)将获得的活性成分溶液与药用辅料溶液按比例混合,超声脱气10-20min,制得涂布液;
6)将所述涂布液均匀涂布于防黏层上,自然晾干后,30-40℃干燥10-30min形成载药压敏胶层;
7)将背衬层覆盖于载药压敏胶层上,冲切,制成成品。
10.如权利要求9所述的解酒药贴的制备方法,其特征是:所述涂布液在防粘层上的涂布量以麦冬多糖及白茅根多糖的质量计为0.02—0.06g/cm2。
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