CN115608971A - Gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method - Google Patents
Gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115608971A CN115608971A CN202211225774.5A CN202211225774A CN115608971A CN 115608971 A CN115608971 A CN 115608971A CN 202211225774 A CN202211225774 A CN 202211225774A CN 115608971 A CN115608971 A CN 115608971A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of seamless solid-liquid composite pipe production, and particularly relates to a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a closed heat-preservation bag, a pouring mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a transmission mechanism. The pouring mechanism comprises a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part, a sliding part is arranged on the pouring fixed part, a molten metal control port is arranged on the sliding part, and a molten metal pouring port is arranged at the upper part of the pouring fixed part; the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating table, a large gear and a small gear assembly, the rotating table is fixed with the pouring movable part, and when the large gear is meshed with the small gear assembly and the transmission mechanism, a pressure sensor and a driving controller which are arranged inside a hydraulic cylinder body in the transmission mechanism are used for driving a hydraulic plunger to ascend or contract so as to realize the separation and the closure of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seamless solid-liquid composite pipe production devices, particularly relates to a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method, and particularly relates to a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method which are formed by utilizing the gravity action of composite layer metal liquid, matching with the rotary forming of a rotating mechanism and simultaneously combining with the control movement of a transmission mechanism.
Background
At present, most of preparation methods of metallurgical composite pipes at home and abroad, such as a centrifugal casting method, an explosion cladding method, a hot rolling cladding method, an electroslag remelting method and the like, are influenced by factors such as the vacuum degree of a bonding layer, the surface oxidation of the bonding layer of a parent metal, the precipitation of corrosion-resistant metal elements, the decarburization of part of steel grades and the like, so that the mechanical properties such as yield strength, hardness, toughness and the like of the composite layer are obviously lower than those of the parent metal, the bonding force between an outer pipe and an inner pipe of the composite pipe is weakened, and the problem of composite layer defects of different degrees exists; and the centrifugal casting method, the explosion cladding method and the electroslag remelting method have complex process, high cost and certain danger.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a gravity type production device for a solid-liquid composite pipe blank, which aims to overcome the defect of low bonding strength at the composite layer of the existing metallurgical composite pipe.
In addition, the invention also aims to provide a method for a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device, which aims to solve the technical problems of complex process, high cost and danger of the existing metallurgical composite pipe.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank apparatus for producing includes:
the closed heat-preservation bag is provided with a cavity for containing the molten metal of the composite layer of the composite pipe blank, and a molten metal outlet is formed in the lower part of the cavity;
the pouring mechanism comprises a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part which are arranged correspondingly up and down, the upper end part of the pouring fixed part is fixed with the heat-insulating bag, and the upper part of the pouring fixed part is provided with a molten metal pouring port communicated with the molten metal outlet; meanwhile, a sliding part is arranged on the casting fixing part, the sliding part penetrates through the whole casting fixing part and is vertical to the molten metal pouring gate in direction, a molten metal control port is arranged on the sliding part, so that the contact ratio of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring gate is controlled by controlling the sliding position of the sliding part, the pouring flow and the pouring speed of the molten metal are further controlled, and on the basis, a pouring channel is arranged in the casting fixing part and at the lower part of the sliding part; in addition, the pouring movable part is arranged into a composite pipe outer pipe or is internally provided with the composite pipe outer pipe, a quartz glass rod is arranged at the central position inside the composite pipe outer pipe, and a metal liquid pouring cavity for forming a composite layer of the composite pipe blank is also arranged between the quartz glass rod and the composite pipe outer pipe;
the rotating mechanism comprises a large gear assembly, a small gear assembly and a rotating base, wherein the large gear assembly comprises a rotating table and a large gear which are installed up and down and then sleeved into a whole, the upper end part of the rotating table is fixed with the pouring movable part, the lower end part of the rotating table is movably embedded in the rotating base, and the large gear is arranged between the rotating table and the rotating base; the small gear assemblies are uniformly distributed on the rotating base, and a small gear in each small gear assembly is meshed with the large gear;
the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission upright post, a hydraulic plunger and a hydraulic cylinder body which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the upper end part of the transmission upright post is fixed with the heat preservation bag, a rack part is arranged in the middle of the transmission upright post, and the rack part penetrates through the rotating base of the transmission upright post and is simultaneously kept meshed with the pinion; the hydraulic cylinder body is internally provided with a pressure sensor and a driving controller, the pressure sensor detects a pressure signal of molten metal in the heat-insulating ladle and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to ascend or contract according to the pressure signal so as to realize the separation and the closing of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism.
Preferably, when the heat insulation package is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the driving controller, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to contract according to the high-pressure signal, and the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism are closed under the driving of the fully loaded heat insulation package and the gravity of the pouring fixed part; when the heat preservation package is in no load or in the pouring process, the pressure sensor sends a low-pressure signal to the driving controller, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to ascend according to the low-pressure signal, at the moment, the driving upright column is synchronously pushed to ascend, the heat preservation package and the pouring fixing part are driven to ascend to the highest position, and the pouring movable part fixed on the rotating base is rotatably separated from the pouring fixing part under the meshing action of the rack part, the pinion and the gear wheel when the hydraulic plunger ascends.
Furthermore, the heat-insulating bag is provided with a heat-insulating cover and a heat-insulating barrel which are matched with each other, the upper part of the heat-insulating cover is provided with a trunnion, the trunnion is provided with an trunnion hole, the heat-insulating cover is also provided with air holes, and in addition, the inner surface of the heat-insulating cover is also provided with a heat-insulating cover heat-resistant layer; the heat-insulating barrel is provided with a cavity, and a heat-insulating layer of the heat-insulating barrel is attached to the inner surface of the cavity.
Further, a protective gas injection hole communicated with a gas control system is further formed in the pouring fixing portion and used for carrying out gas protection on the solid-liquid composite sealed space; meanwhile, the pouring channels in the pouring fixed part are uniformly distributed in a crotch shape and then are communicated with the molten metal pouring cavity in the pouring movable part.
Preferably, the rotating table is provided with a disc part and a vertical positioning part, the center of the disc part is provided with a positioning cavity matched with the casting movable part for positioning, the disc part is also provided with a plurality of first fixing holes which are uniformly distributed, on the basis, the tooth root part of the large gear positioned at the lower part of the disc part is correspondingly provided with a second fixing hole matched with the first fixing hole, and the disc part and the large gear are fixed into a whole through the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole; in addition, a positioning connecting part matched with the quartz glass rod is arranged at the center of the upper end part of the vertical positioning part, and the lower part of the vertical positioning part is matched with the rotating base through a thrust bearing.
Further, the pinion assembly further includes: the gear shaft is mounted on the rotating base through the pinion bearing, and the gear shaft is matched with the pinion through a gear key.
Preferably, the molten metal outlet with the concentric coaxial cooperation of molten metal sprue gate, the pouring movable part with the concentric coaxial cooperation of location cavity, the location connecting portion with the concentric coaxial cooperation of quartz glass stick, the gear wheel with the concentric coaxial cooperation of revolving stage.
In addition, the invention also provides a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production method, which adopts the gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and comprises the following steps:
s1: when the heat preservation bag is in an idle state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends a low-pressure signal, the driving controller is used for controlling the hydraulic plunger and synchronously pushing the transmission upright post to move upwards to drive the heat preservation bag to move upwards to the highest position, meanwhile, the pouring mechanism drives the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move upwards under the driving of the heat preservation bag, and the rotating base is rotationally separated from the pouring fixing part under the driving of the rack part, the pinion assembly and the bull gear assembly;
s2: respectively installing the composite tube outer tube and the quartz glass rod which are placed in a heating furnace and kept at the solid solution temperature on a rotating base for fixing;
s3: opening a heat preservation cover of the heat preservation bag, then injecting pure composite pipe blank composite layer metal liquid into a heat preservation barrel of the heat preservation bag, covering the heat preservation cover, standing and preserving heat for 30-60min, and enabling residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid to float;
s4: when the heat-insulating bag is in a full-load state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends out a high-pressure signal, the drive controller is used for controlling the hydraulic plunger to contract, and under the condition, the heat-insulating bag and the pouring mechanism are driven by gravity to drive the transmission upright post, the heat-insulating bag, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move downwards until the heat-insulating bag is in sealing contact with the outer pipe of the composite pipe and the quartz glass rod; meanwhile, protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism through a protective gas injection hole in the pouring fixing part, and gas protection is formed for the sealed space to be subjected to solid-liquid compounding;
s5: moving the sliding part to ensure that a molten metal control port on the sliding part is gradually superposed with a molten metal pouring port and the contact ratio of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port is controlled, so that the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer is controlled, and meanwhile, the molten metal can smoothly flow downwards by utilizing the air holes on the heat-insulating cover;
s6: along with the gradual inflow of the molten metal of the composite bed into the pouring mechanism, the pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body will send out the signal that the pressure reduces at the same time, the drive controller will also control the hydraulic plunger to push the transmission upright post to move up synchronously in real time, thus drive the thermal insulation bag to move up gradually, and then drive the pouring fixed part and sliding part to move up, the rotating base is separated from the pouring fixed part by rotating gradually under the drive of rack part, pinion component, bull gear component, at the same time, when the thermal insulation bag moves up to the maximum position, the whole solid-liquid composite pouring process is finished;
s7: and standing until the molten metal of the composite layer is completely solidified, taking out the composite pipe blank in a solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, and breaking the quartz glass rod in the middle of the composite pipe blank and taking out the broken quartz glass rod to obtain a finished composite pipe blank.
Preferably, said step S5 involves: the sliding part is moved, so that a molten metal control port and a molten metal pouring port which are arranged on the sliding part are gradually superposed, and the contact ratio of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port is controlled, so that the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer is controlled, and the process is realized according to a solid-liquid composite degree mathematical model:
solid-liquid composite degree mathematical model:
F＝F(T 1 ,T 2 ,N,ω,t) (1)
in the formula, T 1 The temperature, T, of the composite outer tube 2 The temperature of the composite layer molten metal is shown, the cleanliness of the composite layer molten metal is shown by N, omega is the rotating speed of the rotating base, and t is the pouring time;
the formula for calculating the rotating speed of the rotating base is as follows:
in the formula, r represents the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotating base; l is the moving distance of the transmission upright post; the transmission upright post moving distance calculation formula is as follows:
L(t)＝k·f(t) (3)
in the formula, k represents the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the hydraulic plunger response coefficient; f (t) represents the overall weight reduction function of the insulation package;
insulation pack overall weight loss function:
f(t)＝q·ρ·t (4)
wherein ρ represents a molten metal density; q represents the second flow of the composite layer molten metal;
calculating the second flow of the molten metal by the formula:
q＝A×υ(t) (5)
wherein A represents the cross-sectional area of the metal liquid flowing channel, and upsilon represents the flow velocity of the composite layer metal liquid;
the cross-sectional area calculation formula of the metal liquid flowing channel is as follows:
A＝ε·S (6)
wherein ε represents the degree of overlap between the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and S represents the molten metal passage cross-sectional area of the molten metal control port.
Preferably, in the step S6, the rotating base is driven by the rack portion, the pinion assembly and the bull gear assembly to be gradually separated from the casting fixing portion, at the moment when the casting fixing portion is separated from the casting movable portion, the sealed casting cavity is released, but with continuous injection of the composite layer metal liquid, the protective gas is gradually discharged, and the residual protective gas continuously forms gas protection for the casting cavity which is not completely cast; meanwhile, in the process of casting and forming, the composite layer metal liquid can further drive the composite layer metal liquid to rotate and stir under the rotating action of the casting movable part, so that the residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid further floats upwards, and the purity of a solid-liquid composite interface between the composite layer metal liquid and the outer pipe of the composite pipe is further ensured; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the pressure sensor arranged in the transmission mechanism to detect the pressure signal of the molten metal in the heat-preservation bag in real time, and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller in the transmission mechanism, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to ascend or contract according to the pressure signal, so as to realize the separation and the closure of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism, and simultaneously, the moving distance of the sliding part is matched and controlled, thereby controlling the contact ratio of the molten metal control opening and the molten metal pouring opening, and on the basis, the temperature, the pouring time of the composite inner pipe and the composite outer pipe, the angular speed of the rotating base and the cleanliness of the molten metal are matched and controlled, thus the defect problem of the bonding layer of the metallurgical composite pipe can be overcome, the bonding force of the composite pipe and the inner pipe and the outer pipe can be greatly improved, and the service life of the composite pipe can be greatly prolonged; the invention has short process flow and low energy consumption, and greatly reduces the production cost of the metallurgical composite pipe at present; the structure and the technical scheme of the invention can be suitable for producing composite pipes of different metals and different sizes, and the applicability is wide.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional assembly structure of a gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the thermal insulation pack of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the thermal insulation pack of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the thermal insulation pack of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 isbase:Sub>A schematic cross-sectional view of the thermal insulation bag A-A in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the casting mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the casting mechanism of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the casting mechanism B-B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a left side view of the casting mechanism of FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the casting mechanism C-C of FIG. 9;
fig. 11 is a perspective view of the transmission mechanism of fig. 1;
fig. 12 is a perspective view of the swivel base shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of the rotary base of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the rotating base D-D of FIG. 13;
fig. 15 is a partially enlarged view of the large and small gears and the meshing portion with the rack portion referred to in fig. 12.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
As most metallurgical composite pipes at home and abroad are influenced by various processing conditions, the mechanical properties such as the yield strength, the hardness, the toughness and the like of the composite layer are obviously lower than those of a parent metal, so that the bonding force of an outer pipe and an inner pipe of the composite pipe is weakened, and the composite layer defects of different degrees exist.
Therefore, aiming at the problem, the inventor of the invention finds that the technical defect can be well solved by utilizing the closed environment and the protection of the protective gas, combining the casting mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the transmission mechanism for use, and simultaneously controlling the flow and the flow rate of the molten metal by means of a mathematical model of the solid-liquid composite degree, namely, the bonding force between the outer pipe and the inner pipe of the composite pipe can be enhanced.
Therefore, the invention is suitable for the solid-liquid compounding of two metals, such as carbon steel and stainless steel, titanium and steel, nickel-based alloy, alloy steel and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device, which comprises: the device comprises a closed heat-insulating bag 1, a pouring mechanism 2, a rotating mechanism 3 and a transmission mechanism 4. The invention utilizes the pressure sensor arranged in the transmission mechanism 4 to detect the pressure signal of the molten metal in the heat preservation bag 1 in real time, and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller in the transmission mechanism 4, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to ascend or contract according to the pressure signal, thereby realizing the separation and the closure of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2.
In the technical solution, as shown in fig. 1-5, a closed thermal insulation bag 1 includes a thermal insulation cover 13 and a thermal insulation barrel 14, which are used in cooperation with each other, the upper portion of the thermal insulation cover 13 has a trunnion 131, the trunnion 131 is provided with an trunnion hole 132, the thermal insulation cover 13 is also provided with an air vent 133, and the inner surface of the thermal insulation cover 13 is also provided with a thermal insulation cover heat-resistant layer 134; the heat-preserving container 14 is provided with a cavity 11 for containing molten metal of the composite layer of the composite tube blank, the lower part of the cavity 11 is provided with a molten metal outlet 12, and a heat-preserving container heat-resistant layer 141 is attached to the inner surface of the cavity 11. In this example, the thermal bag 1 is cylindrical.
According to the invention, the heat-insulating cover 13 can be opened by the lifting device through the trunnions 131, and then a proper amount of pure composite layer molten metal is injected into the heat-insulating barrel 14. In addition, in the process of forming the composite pipe, the composite layer molten metal can smoothly flow into the pouring cavity 25 through the air holes 133, and the heat-insulating cover heat-resistant layer 134 and the heat-insulating barrel heat-resistant layer 141 can keep the temperature of the composite layer molten metal and can reduce the temperature of the heat-insulating bag 1.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 10, the pouring mechanism 2 includes a pouring fixed portion 21 and a pouring movable portion 22 which are vertically disposed. In this example, the fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 are both cylindrical.
The upper end part of the casting fixing part 21 is fixed with the heat-insulating bag 1, and the upper part of the casting fixing part 21 is provided with a molten metal pouring port 211 communicated with the molten metal outlet 12; meanwhile, the casting fixing part 21 is further provided with a sliding part 212, the sliding part 212 penetrates through the whole casting fixing part 21, the sliding part 212 is perpendicular to the molten metal pouring gate 211, and the sliding part 212 is further provided with a molten metal control gate 213, so that the sliding position of the sliding part 212 is controlled, the overlapping degree of the molten metal control gate 213 and the molten metal pouring gate 211 is controlled, and the pouring flow rate and the pouring speed of the molten metal are further controlled. In addition, a protective gas injection hole 215 communicated with a gas control system is also arranged on the pouring fixing part 21 and used for carrying out gas protection on the solid-liquid composite sealed space; meanwhile, the pouring channels 214 inside the pouring fixed portion 21 are uniformly distributed in a crotch shape and then communicated with the molten metal pouring cavity 25 inside the pouring movable portion 22. In the present invention, a pouring channel 214 is further provided inside the pouring fixing portion 22 and below the sliding portion 212.
The sliding portion 212 is a core point of the present invention, that is, the present invention controls the sliding position of the sliding portion 212 to control the overlapping degree of the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211, and further, controls the pouring flow rate and the pouring speed of the molten metal.
In the present invention, it is a factor of comprehensive consideration because the compounding of different metals requires different temperatures of the inner and outer pipes, higher molten metal cleanliness, proper rotational speed, and spin casting speed. Therefore, the invention realizes the solid-liquid compounding by means of the conditions of the mathematical model of the solid-liquid compounding degree. Specific protocols will be detailed in the methods.
Meanwhile, in the present invention, the pouring movable portion 22 is provided as a composite tube outer tube 23 or a composite tube outer tube 23 is provided therein, a quartz glass rod 24 is provided at a central position inside the composite tube outer tube 23, and a molten metal pouring cavity 25 for molding a composite layer of a composite tube blank is further provided between the quartz glass rod 24 and the composite tube outer tube 23. The molten metal pouring cavity 25 and the pouring channel 214 together form a forming cavity for the molten metal of the composite layer.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 12-15, the rotating mechanism 3 includes a large gear assembly 31, a small gear assembly 32 and a rotating base 33. In this example, the rotating base 33 has a circular truncated cone shape.
The gear wheel assembly 31 includes the revolving stage 311 and the gear wheel 312 of suit as an organic whole after installing from top to bottom, the upper end of revolving stage 311 be a disc portion 3111 and with it is fixed mutually to pour into a mould movable portion 22, the lower tip of revolving stage 311 is a vertical positioning portion 3112, and the activity nestification is in the inside of rotating base 33, gear wheel 312 is in rotating base 33 with between the disc portion 3111. In this example, the vertical positioning portion is cylindrical in shape.
Meanwhile, a positioning cavity 3115 is formed in the center of the disc portion 3111, and the positioning cavity 3115 is matched and positioned with the movable pouring portion 22, a plurality of first fixing holes 3113 are uniformly distributed on the disc portion 3111, on the basis, a second fixing hole 3114 matched with the first fixing hole 3113 is correspondingly formed in the tooth root portion of the gearwheel 312 located on the lower portion of the disc portion 3111, and the disc portion 3111 and the gearwheel 312 are fixed into a whole through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114. It should be noted that: when the disc portion 3111 and the bull gear 312 are fixed together through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114, the fixing member passes through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114 at the same time, and the end of the fixing member is at most flush with the lower end surface of the bull gear 312.
In addition, a positioning connection portion 3116 engaged with the quartz glass rod 24 is formed at the center of the upper end portion of the vertical positioning portion 3112, and the lower portion of the vertical positioning portion 3112 is engaged with the rotating base 33 through a thrust bearing 3117.
The pinion assemblies 32 are uniformly distributed on the rotating base 33, each pinion assembly 32 comprises a gear shaft 322, a pinion bearing 323 matched with the gear shaft 322 and a pinion 321, the gear shaft 322 is mounted on the rotating base 33 through the pinion bearing 323, the gear shaft 322 is matched with the pinion 321 through a gear key, and each pinion 321 in the pinion assembly 32 is meshed with the large gear 312.
In the present invention, the small gear 321 is engaged with the large gear 312, and the large gear 312 is driven to rotate by an external force, so as to drive the rotation table 311 integrated with the large gear 312 to rotate, and further drive the rotation of the pouring sliding portion 22.
In the present technical solution, as shown in fig. 11, the transmission mechanism 4 includes a transmission column 41, a hydraulic plunger 42 and a hydraulic cylinder 43 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, an upper end portion of the transmission column 41 is fixed to the thermal insulation bag 1, a rack portion 411 is disposed in a middle portion of the transmission column 41, and the rack portion 411 passes through the rotating base 33 and is kept meshed with the pinion 321; the hydraulic cylinder 43 is internally provided with a pressure sensor and a driving controller, the pressure sensor detects a pressure signal of molten metal in the thermal insulation pack 1 and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to ascend or contract according to the pressure signal, so that the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2 are separated and closed.
More specifically, when the thermal insulation package 1 is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the driving controller, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to contract according to the high-pressure signal, and the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2 are closed under the driving of the fully loaded thermal insulation package 1 and the gravity of the pouring fixed part 21; when the thermal insulation pack 1 is unloaded or in the pouring process, the pressure sensor sends a low-pressure signal to the driving controller, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to rise according to the low-pressure signal, at this time, the transmission upright post 41 is synchronously pushed to rise, so that the thermal insulation pack 1 and the pouring fixing part 21 are driven to rise to the highest position, and the pouring movable part 22 fixed on the rotating base 33 rotates to be separated from the pouring fixing part 21 under the meshing action of the rack part 411, the pinion 321 and the bull gear 312 when the hydraulic plunger 42 rises.
On the basis of the present technical solution, the molten metal outlet 12 and the molten metal pouring gate 211 are concentrically and coaxially matched, the pouring movable portion 22 and the positioning cavity 3115 are concentrically and coaxially matched, the positioning connection portion 3116 and the quartz glass rod 24 are concentrically and coaxially matched, and the large gear 312 and the rotating table 311 are concentrically and coaxially matched, which is a preferred technical solution of the present invention.
According to the technical scheme disclosed above, the invention realizes the rotation separation and closing of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring process through the matching motion of the transmission mechanism 4 and the rotating mechanism 3.
Under the technical scheme disclosed above, the invention also provides a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production method, which utilizes the gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: when the thermal insulation bag 1 is in an idle state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder 43 sends a low-pressure signal, the driving controller controls the hydraulic plunger 42 and synchronously pushes the transmission upright post 41 to move upwards to drive the thermal insulation bag 1 to move upwards to the highest position, meanwhile, under the driving of the thermal insulation bag 1, the pouring mechanism 2 drives the pouring fixing part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move upwards, and the rotating base 33 is rotationally separated from the pouring fixing part 21 under the driving of the rack part 411, the pinion component 32 and the bull gear component 31;
s2: respectively installing the composite tube outer tube 23 and the quartz glass rod 24 which are placed in a heating furnace and kept at the solid solution temperature on a rotating base 33 for fixing; in the following examples, the composite pipe outer tube is made of 20 carbon steel, so the solution temperature in the step is 1100 ℃;
s3: opening a heat preservation cover 13 of the heat preservation bag 1, then injecting pure composite pipe blank composite layer metal liquid into a heat preservation barrel 14 of the heat preservation bag 1, covering the heat preservation cover 13, standing and preserving heat for 30-60min, and floating residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid;
s4: when the thermal insulation package 1 is in a full-load state, the pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder 43 sends out a high-pressure signal, the hydraulic plunger 42 is controlled to contract by the driving controller, and under the condition, the thermal insulation package 1 and the pouring mechanism 2 are driven by gravity to drive the transmission upright post 41, the thermal insulation package 1, the pouring fixing part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move downwards until the components are in sealing contact with the outer tube 23 of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod 24; meanwhile, protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism 2 through a protective gas injection hole 215 on the pouring fixing part 21, and gas protection is formed on a sealed space to be subjected to solid-liquid compounding; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon;
s5: the sliding part 212 is moved, so that the molten metal control port 213 arranged on the sliding part 212 is gradually overlapped with the molten metal pouring port 211, the overlapping degree of the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211 is controlled, the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer is controlled, and meanwhile, the molten metal can smoothly flow downwards by utilizing the air holes 133 on the heat-insulating cover 13;
s6: along with the gradual inflow of the molten metal of the composite layer into the pouring mechanism 2, the pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder 43 will send out the signal of pressure reduction at the same time, the drive controller will also control the hydraulic plunger 42 to push the transmission upright 41 to move up synchronously in real time, thus drive the thermal insulation pack 1 to move up gradually, and then drive the pouring fixed part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move up, meanwhile, the rotating base 33 is gradually separated from the pouring fixed part 21 by the drive of the rack part 411, the pinion component 32 and the bull gear component 31, when the thermal insulation pack 1 moves up to the maximum position, the whole solid-liquid composite pouring process is finished;
s7: and standing until the molten metal of the composite layer is completely solidified, taking out the composite pipe blank in a solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, and breaking the quartz glass rod 24 in the middle of the composite pipe blank and taking out the composite pipe blank to obtain a finished composite pipe blank.
In the above-described production method, it is a core point of the method to control the position of the movable sliding portion 212 and further control the degree of overlap between the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211. In order to accurately control the position of the sliding portion 212, it is necessary to realize the following by a mathematical model of the degree of solid-liquid combination:
mathematical model of solid-liquid composite degree:
F＝F(T 1 ,T 2 ,N,ω,t) (1)
in the formula, T 1 The temperature, T, of the composite outer tube 2 The temperature of the composite layer molten metal is shown, the cleanliness of the composite layer molten metal is shown by N, omega is the rotating speed of the rotating base, and t is the pouring time;
the formula for calculating the rotating speed of the rotating base is as follows:
in the formula, r represents the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotating base; l is the moving distance of the transmission upright post; the transmission upright post moving distance calculation formula is as follows:
L(t)＝k·f(t) (3)
in the formula, k represents the response coefficient of the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the hydraulic plunger; f (t) represents the overall weight reduction function of the heat preservation bag;
insulation pack overall weight reduction function:
f(t)＝q·ρ·t (4)
wherein ρ represents a molten metal density; q represents the second flow of the composite layer molten metal;
the calculation formula of the second flow of the molten metal is as follows:
q＝A×υ(t) (5)
wherein A represents the cross-sectional area of the metal liquid flowing channel, and upsilon represents the flow velocity of the composite layer metal liquid;
the cross-sectional area calculation formula of the metal liquid flowing channel is as follows:
A＝ε·S (6)
wherein ε represents the degree of overlap between the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and S represents the molten metal passage cross-sectional area of the molten metal control port.
In the present embodiment, the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211 have the same cross-sectional shape of the molten metal channel.
In the above production method, it should be noted that, during the gradual rotational separation of the rotating base 33 from the pouring fixed portion 21 under the driving of the rack portion 411, the pinion assembly 32, and the bull gear assembly 31, at the moment when the pouring fixed portion 21 is separated from the pouring movable portion 22, the sealed pouring cavity 25 will be released, but with the continuous injection of the composite layer molten metal, the protective gas will be gradually exhausted, and the residual protective gas will continue to form gas protection on the pouring cavity 25 that has not been poured; meanwhile, in the process of casting, the composite layer metal liquid further drives the composite layer metal liquid to rotate and stir under the rotating action of the casting movable part 22, so that the residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid further floats upwards, and the purity of a solid-liquid composite interface between the composite layer metal liquid and the composite pipe outer pipe 23 is further ensured. This is one such.
The second step is as follows: the 1100 ℃ quartz glass rod 24 does not reach the softening temperature, so that a temperature compensation phenomenon can be formed inside the outer tube 23 of the composite tube at the beginning of casting, and the temperature of the outer tube 23 of the composite tube is prevented from being reduced at the beginning of casting.
Therefore, by the production method disclosed in the above, continuous production of the solid-liquid composite pipe blank can be formed as long as the above steps are repeated.
Example 1
Table 1 below gives essentially the specific actual parameter configuration process for the inner pipe 316 stainless steel and the outer pipe 20 carbon steel.
Table 1: parameter configuration table of inner pipe and outer pipe
Therefore, when the temperature of the composite outer pipe is selected to be 1000-1100 ℃, the temperature of the composite layer metal liquid is selected to be 1100 ℃, the cleanliness ISO4406 of the composite layer metal liquid is selected to be higher than 16/14/12, the rotating speed of the rotating base is selected to be 0.6-0.8 rad/s, and the pouring time is selected to be 8-10 s, the degree of the inner pipe and outer pipe combination layer of the obtained bimetal composite pipe is good. When the selection range of any one of the parameters is changed, the degree of the bonding layer of the inner pipe and the outer pipe is influenced more or less, and either cracks exist in the bonding layer of the inner pipe and the outer pipe, overburning exists in the bonding layer of the inner pipe and the outer pipe, or local unevenness exists in the bonding layer of the inner pipe and the outer pipe.
Then, for the bimetal composite pipe between different materials, relevant implementation units can also control and adjust according to the requirements of the relevant implementation units and by combining relevant parameters which are already mastered by the relevant implementation units between different materials, so that the control parameters with good degree of the combined layer of the inner pipe and the outer pipe can be easily obtained, and the actual production can be rapidly carried out.
The composite pipe blank produced in example 1 was subjected to room temperature tensile test, bending test, impact test, rockwell hardness test, and the specific test results are as follows:
1. room temperature tensile test:
the test method comprises the following steps: GB/T228.1-2010 metallic Material tensile test part 1: room temperature test method
The detection device comprises: microcomputer control electronic universal tester CMT5305 (LX 01-1)
The test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: test results of tensile test at room temperature
2. Bending test
The test method comprises the following steps: bending test method for GB/T232-2010 metal material
The detection device comprises: microcomputer control hydraulic universal tester AUM/60W (LX 05)
The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: test results of bending test
3. Impact test
The test method comprises the following steps: impact test method of metal material Charpy pendulum bob of GB/T229-2020
The detection device comprises: hammer impact tester ZBC2452-BE (LX 04)
The test results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: test results of impact test
4. Rockwell hardness test
The detection method comprises the following steps: part 1 of Rockwell hardness test of GB/T230.1-2018 metal material: test method
The detection device comprises: full-automatic double Rockwell hardness tester MHRSS-150/45-Z (JX 27)
The test results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5: results of Rockwell hardness test
Therefore, through the tests, the composite pipe blank produced by the method can meet the requirements of yield strength, tensile hardness and toughness.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank apparatus for producing, its characterized in that includes:
the closed heat-preservation bag is provided with a cavity for containing the molten metal of the composite layer of the composite pipe blank, and a molten metal outlet is formed in the lower part of the cavity;
the pouring mechanism comprises a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part which are arranged correspondingly up and down, the upper end part of the pouring fixed part is fixed with the heat-insulating bag, and the upper part of the pouring fixed part is provided with a molten metal pouring port communicated with the molten metal outlet; meanwhile, a sliding part is further arranged on the pouring fixing part, the sliding part penetrates through the whole pouring fixing part and is vertical to the direction of the molten metal pouring gate, a molten metal control port is further arranged on the sliding part, so that the overlap ratio of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring gate is controlled by controlling the sliding position of the sliding part, the pouring flow rate and the pouring speed of molten metal are further controlled, and a pouring channel is further arranged in the pouring fixing part and at the lower part of the sliding part; in addition, the pouring movable part is arranged into a composite tube outer tube or is internally provided with the composite tube outer tube, a quartz glass rod is arranged at the central position inside the composite tube outer tube, and a metal liquid pouring cavity for forming a composite layer of the composite tube blank is also arranged between the quartz glass rod and the composite tube outer tube;
the rotating mechanism comprises a large gear assembly, a small gear assembly and a rotating base, wherein the large gear assembly comprises a rotating table and a large gear which are installed up and down and then sleeved into a whole, the upper end part of the rotating table is fixed with the pouring movable part, the lower end part of the rotating table is movably embedded in the rotating base, and the large gear is arranged between the rotating table and the rotating base; the small gear assemblies are uniformly distributed on the rotating base, and a small gear in each small gear assembly is meshed with the large gear;
the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission upright post, a hydraulic plunger and a hydraulic cylinder body which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the upper end part of the transmission upright post is fixed with the heat preservation bag, a rack part is arranged in the middle of the transmission upright post, and the rack part penetrates through the rotating base of the transmission upright post and is simultaneously kept meshed with the pinion; the hydraulic cylinder is internally provided with a pressure sensor and a driving controller, the pressure sensor detects a pressure signal of molten metal in the heat-insulating bag and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to ascend or contract according to the pressure signal so as to realize the separation and the closure of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism.
2. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 1, wherein when the heat preservation package is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the driving controller, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to contract according to the high-pressure signal, and the closing of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism is realized under the driving of the fully loaded heat preservation package and the gravity of the pouring fixed part; when the heat preservation package is in no load or in the pouring process, the pressure sensor sends a low-pressure signal to the driving controller, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to ascend according to the low-pressure signal, at the moment, the driving upright column is synchronously pushed to ascend, the heat preservation package and the pouring fixing part are driven to ascend to the highest position, and the pouring movable part fixed on the rotating base is rotatably separated from the pouring fixing part under the meshing action of the rack part, the pinion and the gear wheel when the hydraulic plunger ascends.
3. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating bag is provided with a heat-insulating cover and a heat-insulating barrel which are matched with each other, a trunnion is arranged at the upper part of the heat-insulating cover, an trunnion hole is arranged on the trunnion, an air vent is arranged on the heat-insulating cover, and a heat-insulating cover heat-resistant layer is arranged on the inner surface of the heat-insulating cover; the heat-insulating barrel is provided with a cavity, and a heat-resisting layer of the heat-insulating barrel is attached to the inner surface of the cavity.
4. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 1, wherein a protective gas injection hole communicated with a gas control system is further formed in the pouring fixing part and used for protecting a solid-liquid composite sealed space with gas; meanwhile, the pouring channels in the pouring fixed part are uniformly distributed in a fork shape and then are communicated with the molten metal pouring cavity in the pouring movable part.
5. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 1, wherein the rotary table has a disc portion and a vertical positioning portion, a positioning concave cavity is formed in the center of the disc portion and is positioned in cooperation with the pouring movable portion, a plurality of first fixing holes are uniformly distributed in the disc portion, on the basis, second fixing holes which are matched with the first fixing holes are correspondingly formed in tooth root portions of the large gears located at the lower portions of the disc portion, and the disc portion and the large gears are fixed into a whole through the first fixing holes and the second fixing holes; in addition, a positioning connecting part matched with the quartz glass rod is arranged at the center of the upper end part of the vertical positioning part, and the lower part of the vertical positioning part is matched with the rotating base through a thrust bearing.
6. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 1, wherein the pinion assembly further comprises: the rotary base comprises a gear shaft and a pinion bearing matched with the gear shaft, the gear shaft is installed on the rotary base through the pinion bearing, and the gear shaft is matched with the pinion through a gear key.
7. The gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 5, wherein the molten metal outlet is concentrically and coaxially matched with the molten metal pouring gate, the pouring movable part is concentrically and coaxially matched with the positioning concave cavity, the positioning connecting part is concentrically and coaxially matched with the quartz glass rod, and the large gear is concentrically and coaxially matched with the rotating table.
8. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production method adopts the gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device of any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: when the heat-insulating bag is in an idle state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends out a low-pressure signal, the driving controller is used for controlling the hydraulic plunger and synchronously pushing the transmission upright post to move upwards to drive the heat-insulating bag to move upwards to the highest position, meanwhile, the pouring mechanism drives the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move upwards under the driving of the heat-insulating bag, and the rotating base is rotationally separated from the pouring fixing part under the driving of the rack part, the pinion component and the bull gear component;
s2: respectively installing the composite tube outer tube and the quartz glass rod which are placed in a heating furnace and kept at the solid solution temperature on a rotating base for fixing;
s3: opening a heat preservation cover of the heat preservation bag, then injecting pure composite pipe blank composite layer metal liquid into a heat preservation barrel of the heat preservation bag, covering the heat preservation cover, standing and preserving heat for 30-60min, and enabling residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid to float;
s4: when the heat-insulating bag is in a full-load state, the pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends out a high-pressure signal, the hydraulic plunger is controlled to contract by using the driving controller, and under the condition, the heat-insulating bag and the pouring mechanism are driven by gravity to drive the transmission upright post, the heat-insulating bag, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move downwards until the heat-insulating bag is in sealing contact with the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod; meanwhile, protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism through a protective gas injection hole in the pouring fixing part, and gas protection is formed for the sealed space to be subjected to solid-liquid compounding;
s5: moving the sliding part to ensure that a molten metal control port on the sliding part is gradually superposed with a molten metal pouring port and the contact ratio of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port is controlled, so that the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer is controlled, and meanwhile, the molten metal can smoothly flow downwards by utilizing the air holes on the heat-insulating cover;
s6: along with the gradual inflow of the metal liquid of the composite layer into the pouring mechanism, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body simultaneously sends a pressure reduction signal, the driving controller also controls the hydraulic plunger to synchronously push the transmission upright post to move upwards in real time, so that the heat-insulating bag is driven to move upwards gradually, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part are driven to move upwards, the rotating base is gradually separated from the pouring fixing part in a rotating way under the driving of the rack part, the pinion component and the bull gear component, and when the heat-insulating bag moves upwards to the maximum position, the whole solid-liquid composite pouring process is finished;
s7: and standing until the molten metal of the composite layer is completely solidified, taking out the composite pipe blank in a solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, and breaking the quartz glass rod in the middle of the composite pipe blank and taking out the broken quartz glass rod to obtain a finished composite pipe blank.
9. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production method according to claim 8, wherein the step S5 comprises the following steps: the sliding part is moved, so that a molten metal control port and a molten metal pouring port which are arranged on the sliding part are gradually superposed, and the contact ratio of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port is controlled, so that the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer is controlled, and the process is realized according to a solid-liquid composite degree mathematical model:
solid-liquid composite degree mathematical model:
F＝F(T 1 ,T 2 ,N,ω,t)(1)
in the formula, T 1 The temperature, T, of the composite outer tube 2 The temperature of the composite layer molten metal is shown, the cleanliness of the composite layer molten metal is shown by N, omega is the rotating speed of the rotating base, and t is the pouring time;
the formula for calculating the rotating speed of the rotating base is as follows:
in the formula, r represents the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotating base; l is the moving distance of the transmission upright post;
the formula for calculating the moving distance of the transmission upright column is as follows:
L(t)＝k·f(t)(3)
in the formula, k represents the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the hydraulic plunger response coefficient; f (t) represents the overall weight reduction function of the heat preservation bag;
insulation pack overall weight loss function:
f(t)＝q·ρ·t(4)
wherein ρ represents a molten metal density; q represents the second flow of the composite layer molten metal;
calculating the second flow of the molten metal by the formula:
q＝A×υ(t)(5)
wherein A represents the cross-sectional area of the metal liquid flowing channel, and upsilon represents the flow velocity of the composite layer metal liquid;
the cross-sectional area calculation formula of the metal liquid flowing channel is as follows:
A＝ε·S(6)
wherein ε represents the degree of overlap between the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and S represents the molten metal passage cross-sectional area of the molten metal control port.
10. A gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production method according to claim 8, wherein the rotating base involved in the step S6 is gradually separated from the casting fixed part in a rotating way under the driving of the rack part, the pinion component and the gearwheel component, when the casting fixed part is separated from the casting movable part, the sealed casting cavity is released, but with the continuous injection of the molten metal of the composite layer, the protective gas is gradually exhausted, and the residual protective gas continuously forms gas protection for the casting cavity which is not completely cast; meanwhile, in the process of pouring and forming, the composite layer metal liquid can further drive the composite layer metal liquid to rotate and stir under the rotating action of the pouring movable part, so that the residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid further floats upwards, and the purity of a solid-liquid composite interface of the composite layer metal liquid and the outer pipe of the composite pipe is further ensured; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.
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