CN115608971B - Gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device and method - Google Patents
Gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115608971B CN115608971B CN202211225774.5A CN202211225774A CN115608971B CN 115608971 B CN115608971 B CN 115608971B CN 202211225774 A CN202211225774 A CN 202211225774A CN 115608971 B CN115608971 B CN 115608971B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of seamless solid-liquid composite pipe production, and particularly relates to a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a closed heat preservation bag, a pouring mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a transmission mechanism. The pouring mechanism comprises a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part, a sliding part is arranged on the pouring fixed part, a molten metal control port is arranged on the sliding part, and a molten metal pouring port is arranged on the upper part of the pouring fixed part; the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating table, a large gear and a small gear component, the rotating table is fixed with the pouring movable part, the large gear is meshed with the small gear component and the transmission mechanism, and meanwhile, a pressure sensor and a driving controller which are arranged inside a hydraulic cylinder body in the transmission mechanism are utilized to drive the hydraulic plunger to ascend or shrink, so that the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism are separated and closed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seamless solid-liquid composite pipe production devices, and particularly relates to a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method, in particular to a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method formed by utilizing the gravity action of composite layer metal liquid, matching with rotary forming of a rotary mechanism and combining with control movement of a transmission mechanism.
Background
At present, most of preparation methods of metallurgical composite pipes at home and abroad, such as a centrifugal casting method, an explosion compounding method, a hot rolling compounding method, an electroslag remelting method and the like, are influenced by various processing conditions such as vacuum degree of a bonding layer, surface oxidation of a base metal bonding layer, precipitation of corrosion-resistant metal elements, decarburization of part of steel types and the like, so that the mechanical properties such as yield strength, hardness, toughness and the like of the composite layer are obviously lower than those of the base metal, the bonding force of an outer pipe and an inner pipe of the composite pipe is weakened, and the problem of composite layer defects of different degrees exists; and the centrifugal casting method, the explosion compounding method and the electroslag remelting method have the advantages of complex process, high cost and certain danger.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device, which aims to overcome the defect of low bonding strength at the composite layer of the existing metallurgical composite tube.
In addition, another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank, which aims to solve the technical problems of complex process, high cost and danger of the existing metallurgical composite tube.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
Gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank apparatus for producing includes:
the closed heat preservation bag is provided with a cavity for accommodating the metal liquid of the composite layer of the composite tube blank, and a metal liquid outlet is arranged at the lower part of the cavity;
the pouring mechanism comprises a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part which are arranged up and down correspondingly, the upper end part of the pouring fixed part is fixed with the heat preservation bag, and a molten metal pouring port communicated with the molten metal outlet is arranged at the upper part of the pouring fixed part; meanwhile, a sliding part is further arranged on the pouring fixing part, the sliding part penetrates through the whole pouring fixing part and is perpendicular to the direction of the molten metal pouring opening, a molten metal control opening is further arranged on the sliding part, the sliding position of the sliding part is controlled, the contact ratio of the molten metal control opening and the molten metal pouring opening is controlled, the pouring flow and the pouring speed of molten metal are controlled, and a pouring channel is further arranged in the pouring fixing part and positioned below the sliding part; besides, the pouring movable part is arranged into a composite pipe outer pipe or is internally provided with the composite pipe outer pipe, a quartz glass rod is arranged at the central position inside the composite pipe outer pipe, and a molten metal pouring cavity for forming a composite layer of the composite pipe blank is also arranged between the quartz glass rod and the composite pipe outer pipe;
The rotating mechanism comprises a large gear assembly, a small gear assembly and a rotating base, wherein the large gear assembly comprises a rotating table and a large gear which are assembled into a whole after being installed up and down, the upper end part of the rotating table is fixed with the pouring movable part, the lower end part of the rotating table is movably nested in the rotating base, and the large gear is arranged between the rotating table and the rotating base; the pinion assemblies are uniformly distributed on the rotating base, and pinions in each pinion assembly are meshed with the large gears;
the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission upright post, a hydraulic plunger and a hydraulic cylinder body which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the upper end part of the transmission upright post is fixed with the heat preservation bag, the middle part of the transmission upright post is provided with a rack part, and the rack part penetrates through the rotating base of the transmission upright post and is meshed with the pinion; the hydraulic cylinder body is internally provided with a pressure sensor and a driving controller, the pressure sensor detects a pressure signal of molten metal in the heat preservation bag and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to rise or shrink according to the pressure signal so as to separate and close the pouring fixed part from the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism.
Preferably, when the thermal insulation bag is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to shrink according to the high-pressure signal, and the closing of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism is realized under the driving of the gravity of the fully loaded thermal insulation bag and the pouring fixed part; when the thermal insulation bag is empty or in the casting process, the pressure sensor sends a low-pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to ascend according to the low-pressure signal, and at the moment, the driving upright post is synchronously pushed to ascend, so that the thermal insulation bag and the casting fixing part are driven to ascend to the highest position, and the casting movable part fixed on the rotary base is rotated and separated from the casting fixing part under the meshing action of the rack part, the pinion and the large gear while the hydraulic plunger ascends.
Further, the heat preservation bag is provided with a heat preservation cover and a heat preservation barrel which are matched with each other for use, the upper part of the heat preservation cover is provided with a trunnion, the trunnion is provided with a trunnion hole, the heat preservation cover is also provided with an air vent, and in addition, the inner surface of the heat preservation cover is also provided with a heat-resistant layer of the heat preservation cover; the heat-insulating barrel is provided with a cavity, and a heat-resisting layer of the heat-insulating barrel is attached to the inner surface of the cavity.
Furthermore, a protective gas injection hole communicated with the gas control system is also arranged on the pouring fixing part and is used for protecting the solid-liquid composite sealed space from gas; meanwhile, the pouring channels in the pouring fixing part are uniformly distributed in a crotch shape and then are communicated with the molten metal pouring cavity in the pouring movable part.
Preferably, the rotary table is provided with a disc part and a vertical positioning part, a positioning concave cavity matched with the pouring movable part is formed in the center of the disc part, a plurality of first fixing holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the disc part, on the basis, a second fixing hole matched with the first fixing hole is correspondingly formed in the tooth root part of the large gear positioned at the lower part of the disc part, and the disc part and the large gear are fixed into a whole through the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole; in addition, a positioning connecting part matched with the quartz glass rod is arranged in the center of the upper end part of the vertical positioning part, and the lower part of the vertical positioning part is matched with the rotating base through a thrust bearing.
Further, the pinion assembly further includes: the gear shaft is mounted on the rotating base through the pinion bearing, and the gear shaft is matched with the pinion through a gear key.
Preferably, the molten metal outlet is coaxially matched with the molten metal pouring opening in a concentric manner, the pouring movable part is coaxially matched with the positioning concave cavity in a concentric manner, the positioning connecting part is coaxially matched with the quartz glass rod in a concentric manner, and the large gear is coaxially matched with the rotary table in a concentric manner.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for producing the gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank, which adopts the gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device, and comprises the following steps:
s1: when the thermal insulation bag is in an empty state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends out a low-pressure signal, a driving controller is used for controlling the hydraulic plunger and synchronously pushing the transmission upright post to move upwards, the thermal insulation bag is driven to move upwards to the highest position, meanwhile, under the driving of the thermal insulation bag, the pouring mechanism drives the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move upwards, and the rotating base is driven by the rack part, the pinion assembly and the large gear assembly to be rotationally separated from the pouring fixing part;
s2: the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod which are placed in a heating furnace and are insulated to the solid solution temperature are respectively arranged on a rotating base for fixation;
s3: opening a heat preservation cover of the heat preservation bag, then injecting pure composite tube blank composite layer metal liquid into a heat preservation barrel of the heat preservation bag, covering the heat preservation cover, standing and preserving heat for 30-60min, and floating residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid;
S4: when the thermal insulation bag is in a full-load state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends out a high-pressure signal, and the hydraulic plunger is controlled by the driving controller to shrink, in this case, the thermal insulation bag and the pouring mechanism are driven by gravity to drive the transmission upright post, the thermal insulation bag, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move downwards until the transmission upright post, the thermal insulation bag, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part are in sealing contact with the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod; meanwhile, a protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism through a protective gas injection hole on the pouring fixing part, so that gas protection is formed for a sealed space to be subjected to solid-liquid recombination;
s5: the sliding part is moved, so that a molten metal control port and a molten metal pouring port on the sliding part are gradually overlapped, and the overlapping degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port is controlled, thereby controlling the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer, and simultaneously, the molten metal can smoothly flow downwards by utilizing the ventilation holes on the heat preservation cover;
s6: along with the gradual inflow of the composite layer molten metal into the pouring mechanism, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body simultaneously sends out a signal of pressure reduction, and the driving controller also synchronously pushes the hydraulic plunger to move upwards in real time, so that the thermal insulation bag is driven to move upwards gradually, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part are driven to move upwards, and meanwhile, the rotating base is driven by the rack part, the pinion assembly and the large gear assembly to be gradually and rotationally separated from the pouring fixing part, and when the thermal insulation bag moves upwards to the maximum position, the whole solid-liquid composite pouring process is completed;
S7: and standing until the metal liquid of the composite layer is completely solidified, taking out the composite tube blank in a solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, and breaking and taking out the quartz glass rod in the middle of the composite tube blank to obtain the finished composite tube blank.
Preferably, the step S5 involves: and moving the sliding part to enable the molten metal control opening and the molten metal pouring opening on the sliding part to be gradually overlapped, and controlling the overlap ratio of the molten metal control opening and the molten metal pouring opening so as to control the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer, wherein the process is realized according to a mathematical model of the solid-liquid composite degree:
mathematical model of solid-liquid composite degree:
F＝F(T 1 ,T 2 ,N,ω,t) (1)
wherein T is 1 The temperature of the composite outer tube, T 2 The temperature of the composite layer molten metal is represented, N represents the cleanliness of the composite layer molten metal, omega represents the rotating speed of the rotating base, and t represents the casting time;
the calculation formula of rotating speed of the rotating base:
wherein r represents the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotary base; l is the moving distance of the transmission upright post; and (3) calculating a calculation formula of the moving distance of the driving upright post:
L(t)＝k·f(t) (3)
wherein k represents the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder and the response coefficient of the hydraulic plunger; f (t) represents the overall weight reduction function of the insulation pack;
Overall weight reduction function of the thermal bulb:
f(t)＝q·ρ·t (4)
wherein ρ represents the molten metal density; q represents the second flow rate of the composite layer molten metal;
the molten metal second flow calculation formula:
q＝A×υ(t) (5)
wherein A represents the cross section area of a metal liquid flow channel, and v represents the flow velocity of the metal liquid of the composite layer;
the formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the metal liquid flow channel:
A＝ε·S (6)
wherein epsilon represents the coincidence ratio of the molten metal control opening and the molten metal pouring opening, and S represents the cross-sectional area of the molten metal passage of the molten metal control opening.
More preferably, in the step S6, the rotating base is driven by the rack part, the pinion assembly and the bull gear assembly to be gradually separated from the pouring fixed part in a rotating way, when the pouring fixed part is separated from the pouring movable part, the sealed pouring cavity is released, but with the continuous injection of the composite layer molten metal, the protective gas is gradually discharged, and the residual protective gas continuously forms gas protection for the pouring cavity which is not poured; meanwhile, in the casting forming process, under the rotation action of the casting movable part, the composite layer molten metal further drives the composite layer molten metal to rotate and stir, so that residual steel slag in the composite layer molten metal further floats upwards, and the purity of a solid-liquid composite interface of the composite layer molten metal and the composite pipe outer pipe is further ensured; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the pressure sensor arranged in the transmission mechanism to detect the pressure signal of the molten metal in the thermal insulation bag in real time, and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller in the transmission mechanism, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to rise or shrink according to the pressure signal, thereby realizing the separation and closing of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism, and simultaneously controlling the moving distance of the sliding part in a matched manner, thereby controlling the coincidence ratio of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, on the basis, the temperature of the inner and outer pipes, the pouring time, the angular speed of the rotating base and the cleanliness of the molten metal are controlled in a matched manner, thus overcoming the problem of the defect of the bonding layer of the metallurgical composite pipe, and greatly improving the bonding force of the inner and outer pipes of the composite pipe and the service life of the composite pipe; the invention has short process flow and low energy consumption, and greatly reduces the production cost of the existing metallurgical composite pipe; the structure and the technical scheme of the invention can be suitable for the production of composite pipes with different metals and different sizes and specifications, and have wide applicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional assembly structure of a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the thermal bulb of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the thermal bulb of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the bulb of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bulb A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the casting mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the casting mechanism of FIG. 6 in a front view;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the casting mechanism B-B of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic left-hand structural view of the pouring mechanism referred to in FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the casting mechanism C-C of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the transmission mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the swivel base of FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of the swivel base of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the swivel base D-D of FIG. 13;
fig. 15 is a partial enlarged view of the large and small gears and the meshing portion with the rack portion as referred to in fig. 12.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Most of metallurgical composite pipes at home and abroad are affected by various processing conditions, so that the mechanical properties such as bending yield strength, hardness, toughness and the like of the composite layer are obviously lower than those of a base metal, the bonding force of an outer pipe and an inner pipe of the composite pipe is weakened, and the defects of the composite layer with different degrees exist.
Therefore, the inventor of the invention finds that the combination of the protection of the closed environment and the protection gas is utilized, and the pouring mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the transmission mechanism are combined for use, and meanwhile, the flow rate and the flow velocity of the molten metal are controlled by means of a mathematical model of the solid-liquid combination degree, so that the bonding force between the outer tube and the inner tube of the composite tube can be enhanced, and the technical defect can be well solved.
Thus, the invention is suitable for solid-liquid combination between two metals, such as carbon steel and stainless steel, titanium and steel, nickel base alloy and alloy steel, etc.
The technical scheme of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device, which comprises: a sealed thermal insulation bag 1, a pouring mechanism 2, a rotating mechanism 3 and a transmission mechanism 4. The invention utilizes the pressure sensor arranged in the transmission mechanism 4 to detect the pressure signal of the molten metal in the thermal insulation bag 1 in real time, and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller in the transmission mechanism 4, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to rise or shrink according to the pressure signal, thereby realizing the separation and closing of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2.
In the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 1-5, a closed heat preservation bag 1 is provided with a heat preservation cover 13 and a heat preservation barrel 14 which are matched with each other for use, a trunnion 131 is arranged at the upper part of the heat preservation cover 13, a trunnion hole 132 is arranged on the trunnion 131, an air vent 133 is arranged on the heat preservation cover 13, and a heat preservation cover heat-resistant layer 134 is also arranged on the inner surface of the heat preservation cover 13; the heat-insulating barrel 14 is provided with a cavity 11 for containing the molten metal of the composite tube blank composite layer, a molten metal outlet 12 is arranged at the lower part of the cavity 11, and a heat-insulating barrel heat-resisting layer 141 is attached to the inner surface of the cavity 11. In this example, the bulb 1 is cylindrical.
According to the invention, the heat preservation cover 13 can be opened by utilizing the trunnion 131 through the lifting device, and then a proper amount of pure composite layer molten metal is injected into the heat preservation barrel 14. In addition, in the process of forming the composite pipe, the ventilation holes 133 can smoothly flow the composite layer metal liquid into the casting cavity 25, and the heat-insulating cover heat-resistant layer 134 and the heat-insulating barrel heat-resistant layer 141 can keep the temperature of the composite layer metal liquid on one hand and can reduce the temperature of the heat-insulating bag 1 on the other hand.
In this technical solution, as shown in fig. 6 to 10, the pouring mechanism 2 includes a pouring fixed portion 21 and a pouring movable portion 22 that are disposed up and down correspondingly. In this example, the fixed portion 21 and the casting movable portion 22 are each cylindrical.
The upper end part of the pouring fixing part 21 is fixed with the heat preservation bag 1, and a molten metal pouring opening 211 communicated with the molten metal outlet 12 is formed in the upper part of the pouring fixing part 21; meanwhile, a sliding part 212 is further disposed on the pouring fixing part 21, the sliding part 212 penetrates through the whole pouring fixing part 21, the sliding part 212 is perpendicular to the direction of the molten metal pouring opening 211, and a molten metal control opening 213 is disposed on the sliding part 212, so as to control the contact ratio of the molten metal control opening 213 and the molten metal pouring opening 211 by controlling the sliding position of the sliding part 212, and further control the pouring flow and the pouring speed of molten metal. In addition, a protective gas injection hole 215 communicated with a gas control system is further arranged on the pouring fixing part 21 and is used for protecting the solid-liquid composite sealed space from gas; meanwhile, the pouring channels 214 in the pouring fixing portion 21 are uniformly distributed in a crotch shape and then are communicated with the molten metal pouring cavity 25 in the pouring movable portion 22. In the present invention, a pouring passage 214 is provided in the pouring fixing portion 22 and below the sliding portion 212.
The sliding portion 212 serves as a core point of the present invention, namely, the present invention controls the overlap ratio of the molten metal control opening 213 and the molten metal pouring opening 211 by controlling the sliding position of the sliding portion 212, thereby controlling the pouring flow rate and the pouring speed of the molten metal.
In the invention, the combination of different metals requires different temperatures of the inner tube and the outer tube, higher molten metal cleanliness, proper rotation speed and rotation casting speed, so that the combination is a comprehensive consideration. Therefore, the invention realizes the solid-liquid combination by the condition of a mathematical model of the solid-liquid combination degree. The specific scheme will be described in detail in the method.
Meanwhile, in the present invention, the casting movable portion 22 is provided as a composite tube outer tube 23 or a composite tube outer tube 23 is provided inside, a quartz glass rod 24 is provided at a central position inside the composite tube outer tube 23, and a molten metal casting cavity 25 for forming a composite layer of a composite tube blank is further provided between the quartz glass rod 24 and the composite tube outer tube 23. The molten metal pouring cavity 25 and the pouring channel 214 together form a forming cavity of the composite layer molten metal.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 12 to 15, the rotation mechanism 3 includes a large gear assembly 31, a small gear assembly 32, and a rotation base 33. In this example, the swivel base 33 is of a truncated cone shape.
The large gear assembly 31 includes a rotary table 311 and a large gear 312 which are assembled together in a sleeved mode after being vertically installed, the upper end portion of the rotary table 311 is a disc portion 3111 and is fixed with the casting movable portion 22, the lower end portion of the rotary table 311 is a vertical positioning portion 3112, the rotary table 311 is movably nested in the rotary base 33, and the large gear 312 is interposed between the rotary base 33 and the disc portion 3111. In this example, the vertical positioning portion is cylindrical in shape.
Meanwhile, a positioning cavity 3115 is formed in the center of the disc portion 3111 and is matched with the casting movable portion 22, a plurality of first fixing holes 3113 are uniformly distributed in the disc portion 3111, on the basis of the positioning cavity 3115, a second fixing hole 3114 matched with the first fixing hole 3113 is correspondingly formed in the tooth root portion of the large gear 312 located at the lower portion of the disc portion 3111, and the disc portion 3111 and the large gear 312 are fixed into a whole through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114. It should be noted that: when the disc portion 3111 is fixed to the bull gear 312 through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114, the fixing member passes through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114 at the same time, and the end of the fixing member is at most flush with the lower end face of the bull gear 312.
In addition, a positioning connection part 3116 matched with the quartz glass rod 24 is arranged at the center of the upper end part of the vertical positioning part 3112, and the lower part of the vertical positioning part 3112 is matched with the rotary base 33 through a thrust bearing 3117.
The pinion assemblies 32 are uniformly arranged on the rotating base 33, each pinion assembly 32 comprises a gear shaft 322, a pinion bearing 323 and a pinion 321, the pinion bearing 323 is matched with the gear shaft 322, the gear shaft 322 is arranged on the rotating base 33 through the pinion bearing 323, the gear shaft 322 is matched with the pinion 321 through a gear key, and the pinion 321 in each pinion assembly 32 is meshed with the large gear 312.
In the present invention, the pinion 321 is meshed with the large gear 312, so that the large gear 312 is driven to rotate by an external force, and the rotary table 311 integrated with the large gear 312 is driven to rotate, thereby driving the pouring slide 22 to rotate.
In this technical solution, as shown in fig. 11, the transmission mechanism 4 includes a transmission upright 41, a hydraulic plunger 42 and a hydraulic cylinder 43 sequentially connected from top to bottom, the upper end of the transmission upright 41 is fixed with the thermal insulation bag 1, and a rack part 411 is disposed in the middle of the transmission upright 41, and the rack part 411 passes through the rotating base 33 and is meshed with the pinion 321; the hydraulic cylinder 43 is internally provided with a pressure sensor and a driving controller, the pressure sensor detects a pressure signal of the molten metal in the heat preservation bag 1 and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to rise or shrink according to the pressure signal, so that the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2 are separated and closed.
More specifically, when the thermal insulation bag 1 is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to shrink according to the high-pressure signal, and the closing of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2 is realized under the driving of the gravity of the fully loaded thermal insulation bag 1 and the pouring fixed part 21; when the thermal insulation pack 1 is empty or in the casting process, the pressure sensor sends a low-pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to ascend according to the low-pressure signal, and then synchronously pushes the driving upright column 41 to ascend, so that the thermal insulation pack 1 and the casting fixing part 21 are driven to ascend to the highest position, and the casting movable part 22 fixed on the rotary base 33 is rotationally separated from the casting fixing part 21 under the meshing action of the rack part 411, the pinion 321 and the large gear 312 while the hydraulic plunger 42 ascends.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the molten metal outlet 12 is coaxially matched with the molten metal pouring opening 211 in a concentric manner, the pouring movable part 22 is coaxially matched with the positioning cavity 3115 in a concentric manner, the positioning connecting part 3116 is coaxially matched with the quartz glass rod 24 in a concentric manner, and the large gear 312 is coaxially matched with the rotary table 311 in a concentric manner, so that the technical scheme is preferable.
Through the technical scheme disclosed above, the invention realizes the rotation separation and closure of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring process through the matched movement of the transmission mechanism 4 and the rotation mechanism 3.
Under the technical scheme disclosed above, the invention also provides a method for producing the gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank, which utilizes the gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: when the thermal insulation bag 1 is in an empty state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body 43 sends out a low-pressure signal, a driving controller is used for controlling the hydraulic plunger 42 and synchronously pushing the transmission upright column 41 to move upwards, the thermal insulation bag 1 is driven to move upwards to the highest position, meanwhile, under the driving of the thermal insulation bag 1, the pouring mechanism 2 drives the pouring fixing part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move upwards, and the rotating base 33 is driven by the rack part 411, the pinion assembly 32 and the large gear assembly 31 to rotate and separate from the pouring fixing part 21;
s2: the composite tube outer tube 23 and the quartz glass rod 24 which are placed in a heating furnace and are insulated to the solid solution temperature are respectively arranged on a rotary base 33 for fixation; since in the examples below, the composite tube outer tube specifically given is 20 carbon steel, the solid solution temperature referred to in this step is 1100 ℃;
S3: opening the heat preservation cover 13 of the heat preservation bag 1, then injecting pure composite tube blank composite layer metal liquid into the heat preservation barrel 14 of the heat preservation bag 1, covering the heat preservation cover 13, standing and preserving heat for 30-60min, and floating residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid;
s4: when the thermal insulation bag 1 is in a full load state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body 43 sends out a high-pressure signal, and the hydraulic plunger 42 is controlled to shrink by the driving controller, in this case, the thermal insulation bag 1 and the pouring mechanism 2 are driven by gravity to drive the transmission upright column 41, the thermal insulation bag 1, the pouring fixing part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move downwards until being in sealing contact with the composite pipe outer pipe 23 and the quartz glass rod 24; meanwhile, protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism 2 through the protective gas injection holes 215 on the pouring fixing part 21 to form gas protection for the sealed space to be subjected to solid-liquid recombination; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon;
s5: moving the sliding part 212 to enable the molten metal control opening 213 and the molten metal pouring opening 211 which are arranged on the sliding part 212 to be gradually overlapped, and controlling the overlapping ratio of the molten metal control opening 213 and the molten metal pouring opening 211 so as to control the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer, and simultaneously enabling the molten metal to smoothly flow downwards by utilizing the ventilation holes 133 on the heat preservation cover 13;
S6: along with the gradual flow of the composite layer molten metal into the pouring mechanism 2, the pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder 43 simultaneously sends out a signal of pressure reduction, the driving controller also synchronously pushes the hydraulic plunger 42 to move up the transmission column 41 in real time, thereby driving the thermal insulation bag 1 to move up gradually, further driving the pouring fixing part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move up, and simultaneously, the rotating base 33 is driven by the rack part 411, the pinion assembly 32 and the large gear assembly 31 to be gradually separated from the pouring fixing part 21 in a rotating way, and when the thermal insulation bag 1 moves up to the maximum position, the whole solid-liquid composite pouring process is completed;
s7: and standing until the metal liquid of the composite layer is completely solidified, taking out the composite tube blank in a solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, and breaking and taking out the quartz glass rod 24 in the middle of the composite tube blank to obtain the finished composite tube blank.
In the above production method, how to control the position of the moving slide 212 and further control the overlap ratio of the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211 is the core point of the method. In order to achieve accurate control of the position of the sliding portion 212, it is necessary to implement according to a mathematical model of the degree of solid-liquid recombination:
mathematical model of solid-liquid composite degree:
F＝F(T 1 ,T 2 ,N,ω,t) (1)
Wherein T is 1 The temperature of the composite outer tube, T 2 The temperature of the composite layer molten metal is represented, N represents the cleanliness of the composite layer molten metal, omega represents the rotating speed of the rotating base, and t represents the casting time;
the calculation formula of rotating speed of the rotating base:
wherein r represents the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotary base; l is the moving distance of the transmission upright post; and (3) calculating a calculation formula of the moving distance of the driving upright post:
L(t)＝k·f(t) (3)
wherein k represents the response coefficient of the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the hydraulic plunger; f (t) represents the overall weight reduction function of the insulation pack;
overall weight reduction function of the thermal bulb:
f(t)＝q·ρ·t (4)
wherein ρ represents the molten metal density; q represents the second flow rate of the composite layer molten metal;
the molten metal second flow calculation formula:
q＝A×υ(t) (5)
wherein A represents the cross section area of a metal liquid flow channel, and v represents the flow velocity of the metal liquid of the composite layer;
the formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the metal liquid flow channel:
A＝ε·S (6)
wherein epsilon represents the coincidence ratio of the molten metal control opening and the molten metal pouring opening, and S represents the cross-sectional area of the molten metal passage of the molten metal control opening.
In the present embodiment, the molten metal control opening 213 is identical to the molten metal passage cross-sectional shape of the molten metal pouring opening 211.
In the above production method, it should be noted that, when the rotating base 33 is driven by the rack 411, the pinion 32, and the bull gear 31 to gradually rotate and separate from the pouring fixed portion 21, the sealed pouring cavity 25 will be released at the moment when the pouring fixed portion 21 is separated from the pouring movable portion 22, but with the continuous injection of the composite layer molten metal, the shielding gas will be gradually discharged, and the residual shielding gas will continuously form a gas protection for the pouring cavity 25 that is not completely poured; meanwhile, in the casting forming process, the composite layer molten metal further drives the composite layer molten metal to rotate and stir under the rotating action of the casting movable part 22, so that residual steel slag in the composite layer molten metal further floats upwards, and the purity of a solid-liquid composite interface of the composite layer molten metal and the composite pipe outer pipe 23 is further ensured. This is one of them.
And two,: the 1100 ℃ quartz glass rod 24 can also form a temperature compensation phenomenon in the composite tube outer tube 23 at the beginning of casting because the softening temperature is not reached, so as to prevent the temperature of the composite tube outer tube 23 from decreasing at the beginning of casting.
Therefore, by the production method disclosed above, continuous production of the solid-liquid composite pipe blank can be formed by repeating the above steps.
Example 1
Table 1 below mainly shows the specific actual parameter configuration process for the inner pipe 316 stainless steel and the outer pipe 20 carbon steel.
Table 1: parameter configuration table for inner pipe and outer pipe
It can be seen that when the temperature of the composite outer tube is 1000-1100 ℃, the temperature of the composite layer molten metal is 1100 ℃, the cleanliness of the composite layer molten metal ISO4406 is higher than 16/14/12, the rotating speed of the rotating base is 0.6-0.8 rad/s, and the casting time is 8-10 s, the degree of the inner and outer tube bonding layers of the obtained bimetal composite tube is good. When the selection range of any one of the parameters is changed, the degree of the bonding layer of the inner tube and the outer tube is affected to a greater or lesser extent, and the bonding layer of the inner tube and the outer tube is formed to have cracks, the bonding layer of the inner tube and the outer tube is formed to have overburning, or the bonding layer of the inner tube and the outer tube is formed to have local non-uniformity.
Then, for the bimetal composite pipe among different materials, the relevant implementation units can also control and adjust relevant parameters mastered by the relevant implementation units according to own requirements and combining the different materials, so that the control parameters with good degree of the inner and outer pipe combining layers can be easily obtained, and the actual production is fast.
The composite pipe blank produced in example 1 was subjected to room temperature tensile test, bending test, impact test, rockwell hardness test, and the specific test results are shown in the following table:
1. Room temperature tensile test:
the testing method comprises the following steps: GB/T228.1-2010 Metal tensile test part 1: room temperature test method
Detection equipment: microcomputer controlled electronic universal tester CMT5305 (LX 01-1)
The test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: room temperature tensile test results
2. Bending test
The testing method comprises the following steps: GB/T232-2010 metal material bending test method
Detection equipment: microcomputer controlled hydraulic universal tester AUM/60W (LX 05)
The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: bending test results
3. Impact test
The testing method comprises the following steps: GB/T229-2020 metal material Charpy pendulum impact test method
Detection equipment: hammer impact tester ZBC2452-BE (LX 04)
The test results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: impact test results
4. Rockwell hardness test
The detection method comprises the following steps: GB/T230.1-2018 Rockwell hardness test part 1 of metallic Material: test method
Detection equipment: full-automatic double Rockwell hardness tester MHRSS-150/45-Z (JX 27)
The test results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5: rockwell hardness test results
It can be seen that the composite pipe blank produced by the method can meet the requirements of yield strength, tensile hardness and toughness through the test.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank apparatus for producing, its characterized in that includes:
the closed heat preservation bag is provided with a cavity for accommodating the metal liquid of the composite layer of the composite tube blank, and a metal liquid outlet is arranged at the lower part of the cavity;
the pouring mechanism comprises a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part which are arranged up and down correspondingly, the upper end part of the pouring fixed part is fixed with the heat preservation bag, and a molten metal pouring port communicated with the molten metal outlet is arranged at the upper part of the pouring fixed part; meanwhile, a sliding part is further arranged on the pouring fixing part, the sliding part penetrates through the whole pouring fixing part and is perpendicular to the direction of the molten metal pouring opening, a molten metal control opening is further arranged on the sliding part, the sliding position of the sliding part is controlled, the contact ratio of the molten metal control opening and the molten metal pouring opening is controlled, the pouring flow and the pouring speed of molten metal are controlled, and a pouring channel is further arranged in the pouring fixing part and positioned below the sliding part; besides, the pouring movable part is arranged into a composite pipe outer pipe or is internally provided with the composite pipe outer pipe, a quartz glass rod is arranged at the central position inside the composite pipe outer pipe, and a molten metal pouring cavity for forming a composite layer of the composite pipe blank is also arranged between the quartz glass rod and the composite pipe outer pipe;
The rotating mechanism comprises a large gear assembly, a small gear assembly and a rotating base, wherein the large gear assembly comprises a rotating table and a large gear which are assembled into a whole after being installed up and down, the upper end part of the rotating table is fixed with the pouring movable part, the lower end part of the rotating table is movably nested in the rotating base, and the large gear is arranged between the rotating table and the rotating base; the pinion assemblies are uniformly distributed on the rotating base, and pinions in each pinion assembly are meshed with the large gears;
the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission upright post, a hydraulic plunger and a hydraulic cylinder body which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the upper end part of the transmission upright post is fixed with the heat preservation bag, the middle part of the transmission upright post is provided with a rack part, and the rack part penetrates through the rotating base of the transmission upright post and is meshed with the pinion; the hydraulic cylinder body is internally provided with a pressure sensor and a driving controller, the pressure sensor detects a pressure signal of molten metal in the heat preservation bag and transmits the pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to rise or shrink according to the pressure signal so as to separate and close a pouring fixed part from a pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism;
When the thermal insulation bag is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the driving controller, the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to shrink according to the high-pressure signal, and the closing of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism is realized under the driving of the gravity of the fully loaded thermal insulation bag and the pouring fixed part; when the thermal insulation bag is empty or in the casting process, the pressure sensor sends a low-pressure signal to the driving controller, and the driving controller drives the hydraulic plunger to ascend according to the low-pressure signal, and synchronously pushes the transmission upright post to ascend, so that the thermal insulation bag and the casting fixing part are driven to ascend to the highest position, and the casting movable part fixed on the rotary base is rotated and separated from the casting fixing part under the meshing action of the rack part, the pinion and the large gear while the hydraulic plunger ascends;
the heat preservation bag is provided with a heat preservation cover and a heat preservation barrel which are matched with each other for use, the upper part of the heat preservation cover is provided with a trunnion, the trunnion is provided with a trunnion hole, the heat preservation cover is also provided with an air vent, and in addition, the inner surface of the heat preservation cover is also provided with a heat-resistant layer of the heat preservation cover; the heat-insulating barrel is provided with a cavity, and a heat-resisting layer of the heat-insulating barrel is attached to the inner surface of the cavity;
The pouring fixing part is also provided with a protective gas injection hole communicated with the gas control system and used for protecting the solid-liquid composite sealed space from gas; meanwhile, the pouring channels in the pouring fixing part are uniformly distributed in a crotch shape and then are communicated with the molten metal pouring cavity in the pouring movable part.
2. The gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device according to claim 1, wherein the rotary table is provided with a disc part and a vertical positioning part, a positioning concave cavity matched with the pouring movable part is formed in the center of the disc part, a plurality of first fixing holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the disc part, on the basis, second fixing holes matched with the first fixing holes are correspondingly formed in the tooth root part of a large gear positioned at the lower part of the disc part, and the disc part and the large gear are fixed into a whole through the first fixing holes and the second fixing holes; in addition, a positioning connecting part matched with the quartz glass rod is arranged in the center of the upper end part of the vertical positioning part, and the lower part of the vertical positioning part is matched with the rotating base through a thrust bearing.
3. The gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 1, wherein the pinion assembly further comprises: the gear shaft is mounted on the rotating base through the pinion bearing, and the gear shaft is matched with the pinion through a gear key.
4. The gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device according to claim 2, wherein the molten metal outlet is concentrically and coaxially matched with the molten metal pouring port, the pouring movable part is concentrically and coaxially matched with the positioning concave cavity, the positioning connecting part is concentrically and coaxially matched with the quartz glass rod, and the large gear is concentrically and coaxially matched with the rotary table.
5. A method for producing a gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank, which adopts the gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: when the thermal insulation bag is in an empty state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends out a low-pressure signal, a driving controller is used for controlling the hydraulic plunger and synchronously pushing the transmission upright post to move upwards, the thermal insulation bag is driven to move upwards to the highest position, meanwhile, under the driving of the thermal insulation bag, the pouring mechanism drives the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move upwards, and the rotating base is driven by the rack part, the pinion assembly and the large gear assembly to be rotationally separated from the pouring fixing part;
S2: the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod which are placed in a heating furnace and are insulated to the solid solution temperature are respectively arranged on a rotating base for fixation;
s3: opening a heat preservation cover of the heat preservation bag, then injecting pure composite tube blank composite layer metal liquid into a heat preservation barrel of the heat preservation bag, covering the heat preservation cover, standing and preserving heat for 30-60min, and floating residual steel slag in the composite layer metal liquid;
s4: when the thermal insulation bag is in a full-load state, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body sends out a high-pressure signal, and the hydraulic plunger is controlled by the driving controller to shrink, in this case, the thermal insulation bag and the pouring mechanism are driven by gravity to drive the transmission upright post, the thermal insulation bag, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part to move downwards until the transmission upright post, the thermal insulation bag, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part are in sealing contact with the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod; meanwhile, a protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism through a protective gas injection hole on the pouring fixing part, so that gas protection is formed for a sealed space to be subjected to solid-liquid recombination;
s5: the sliding part is moved, so that a molten metal control port and a molten metal pouring port on the sliding part are gradually overlapped, and the overlapping degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port is controlled, thereby controlling the pouring speed of the molten metal of the composite layer, and simultaneously, the molten metal can smoothly flow downwards by utilizing the ventilation holes on the heat preservation cover;
S6: along with the gradual inflow of the composite layer molten metal into the pouring mechanism, a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder body simultaneously sends out a signal of pressure reduction, and the driving controller also synchronously pushes the hydraulic plunger to move upwards in real time, so that the thermal insulation bag is driven to move upwards gradually, the pouring fixing part and the sliding part are driven to move upwards, and meanwhile, the rotating base is driven by the rack part, the pinion assembly and the large gear assembly to be gradually and rotationally separated from the pouring fixing part, and when the thermal insulation bag moves upwards to the maximum position, the whole solid-liquid composite pouring process is completed;
s7: and standing until the metal liquid of the composite layer is completely solidified, taking out the composite tube blank in a solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, and breaking and taking out the quartz glass rod in the middle of the composite tube blank to obtain the finished composite tube blank.
6. The method of gravity type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production according to claim 5, wherein the step S5 involves: moving the sliding part to enable the metal liquid control port and the metal liquid pouring port on the sliding part to be gradually overlapped, and controlling the overlap ratio of the metal liquid control port and the metal liquid pouring port, so as to control the pouring speed of the metal liquid of the composite layer, on the basis, the temperature of the composite outer tube, the temperature and the pouring time of the metal liquid of the composite layer, the rotating speed of the rotating base and the cleanliness of the metal liquid of the composite layer are controlled in a matching mode, so that solid-liquid combination is realized, and the process is realized according to a mathematical model of the solid-liquid combination degree:
Mathematical model of solid-liquid composite degree:
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,the temperature of the composite outer tube, +.>The temperature of the composite layer molten metal, < >>The cleanliness of the composite layer molten metal is shown by +.>For rotating the base, the rotation speed is->The casting time;
the calculation formula of rotating speed of the rotating base:
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotary base is shown; />The moving distance of the driving stand column;
and (3) calculating a calculation formula of the moving distance of the driving upright post:
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the hydraulic plunger response coefficient are shown; />Showing the overall weight reduction function of the insulation pack;
overall weight reduction function of the thermal bulb:
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,the density of molten metal is shown; />The second flow rate of the composite layer molten metal is shown;
the molten metal second flow calculation formula:
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,indicated are the cross-sectional areas, < >>The flow rate of the composite layer molten metal is shown;
the formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the metal liquid flow channel:
，
in the method, in the process of the invention,indicating the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and +.>The cross-sectional area of the molten metal passage of the molten metal control port is shown.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S6, the rotating base is driven by the rack, pinion and bull gear assemblies to gradually rotate and separate from the casting fixed part, and when the casting fixed part is separated from the casting movable part, the sealed casting cavity is released, but with the continuous injection of the composite layer molten metal, the protective gas is gradually discharged, and the residual protective gas continuously forms gas protection for the casting cavity which is not cast; meanwhile, in the casting forming process, under the rotation action of the casting movable part, the composite layer molten metal further drives the composite layer molten metal to rotate and stir, so that residual steel slag in the composite layer molten metal further floats upwards, and the purity of a solid-liquid composite interface of the composite layer molten metal and the composite pipe outer pipe is further ensured; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon.
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