CN115608971B - Gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube billet production device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of seamless solid-liquid composite pipe production, and specifically relates to a gravity-type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method. The device includes: a closed heat preservation bag, a pouring mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a transmission mechanism. The pouring mechanism includes a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part. The pouring fixed part is provided with a sliding part, and the sliding part is provided with a molten metal control port, and the upper part of the pouring fixed part is provided with a molten metal pouring port; the rotating mechanism includes a rotary table and a large gear. As well as the pinion assembly, the rotary table is fixed to the pouring movable part, and while the large gear meshes with the pinion assembly and the transmission mechanism, the hydraulic plunger is driven by the pressure sensor and the drive controller installed inside the hydraulic cylinder in the transmission mechanism The rise or contraction of the pouring mechanism realizes the separation and closure of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part.

Description

Gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube billet production device and method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of production devices for seamless solid-liquid composite pipes, and specifically relates to a gravity-type solid-liquid composite pipe blank production device and method, in particular to a method that uses the gravity of the metal liquid in the composite layer to cooperate with the rotation of the rotating mechanism. Forming combined with the control movement of the transmission mechanism to form a gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube billet production device and method.

Background technique

At present, most of the preparation methods of metallurgical composite pipes at home and abroad, such as centrifugal casting method, explosive composite method, hot rolling composite method, electroslag remelting method, etc., are subject to various processing conditions such as the degree of vacuum of the bonding layer and the surface oxidation of the base metal bonding layer. , the precipitation of corrosion-resistant metal elements, and the influence of factors such as decarburization of some steel types, the mechanical properties of the composite layer, such as yield strength, hardness, and toughness, are significantly lower than those of the base metal, resulting in the outer tube and inner tube of the composite tube. The binding force is weakened, and there are different degrees of defects in the composite layer; moreover, the centrifugal casting method, the explosive composite method, and the electroslag remelting method still have complex processes, high costs and certain risks.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube billet production device, aiming to overcome the defect of low bonding strength at the composite layer of the existing metallurgical composite tube.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for a gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube billet production device, aiming at solving the technical problems of complex, high-cost and dangerous metallurgical composite tube processes in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:

Gravity solid-liquid compound tube billet production device, including:

The closed heat preservation bag has a cavity for containing the molten metal of the composite layer of the composite tube billet, and the lower part of the cavity is provided with a liquid metal outlet;

The pouring mechanism includes a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part arranged up and down correspondingly, the upper end of the pouring fixed part is fixed to the heat preservation bag, and a liquid outlet that is connected to the molten metal is opened on the upper part of the pouring fixed part. connected molten metal pouring port; at the same time, a sliding part is also provided on the pouring fixed part, the sliding part runs through the entire pouring fixed part and the sliding part is perpendicular to the direction of the molten metal pouring port At the same time, there is also a molten metal control port on the sliding part, so as to control the sliding position of the sliding part, thereby controlling the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and then controlling the pouring flow rate and pouring speed of the molten metal , on this basis, there is also a pouring channel inside the pouring fixed part and at the lower part of the sliding part; in addition, the pouring movable part is set as a composite pipe outer pipe or is provided with a composite pipe outer pipe tube, and a quartz glass rod is arranged at the center of the outer tube of the composite tube, and a molten metal pouring cavity for forming the composite layer of the composite tube billet is also provided between the quartz glass rod and the outer tube of the composite tube;

The rotating mechanism includes a large gear assembly, a small gear assembly and a rotating base. The large gear assembly includes a rotary table and a large gear that are installed up and down and fitted together. The upper end of the rotary table is connected to the casting movable part. fixed, the lower end of the rotary table is movably nested inside the rotary base, the large gear is interposed between the rotary table and the rotary base; the pinion gear assembly is evenly arranged on the rotary base , and each pinion gear in the pinion assembly is meshed with the bull gear;

The transmission mechanism includes a transmission column, a hydraulic plunger and a hydraulic cylinder connected sequentially from top to bottom, the upper end of the transmission column is fixed to the heat preservation bag, and a rack is provided in the middle of the transmission column , the rack portion passes through its rotating base while keeping in mesh with the pinion; a pressure sensor and a drive controller are arranged inside the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure sensor detects the temperature of the molten metal in the heat preservation bag. The pressure signal is transmitted to the drive controller, and the drive controller drives the hydraulic plunger to rise or shrink according to the pressure signal, thereby realizing the separation and closure of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism .

Preferably, when the insulation bag is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the drive controller, and the drive controller drives the hydraulic plunger to shrink according to the high-pressure signal, and the fully loaded insulation bag and the pouring and fixing part Driven by gravity, the closing of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism is realized; when the insulation bag is empty or the pouring process is in progress, the pressure sensor sends a low pressure signal to the drive controller, and the drive controller according to This low pressure signal drives the hydraulic plunger to rise, and at this time, it will synchronously push the transmission column to rise, thereby driving the insulation bag and the pouring fixed part to rise to the highest position, and when the hydraulic plunger rises, the fixed pouring movable part on the rotating base, Under the meshing effect of the rack part, the pinion and the large gear, it will be separated from the pouring and fixing part in rotation.

Further, the heat preservation bag has a heat preservation cover and a heat preservation bucket used in conjunction with each other. The upper part of the heat preservation cover has a trunnion, and the trunnion is provided with a trunnion hole, and at the same time, a There are air holes, and in addition, a heat-resistant layer of the heat-insulation cover is provided on the inner surface of the heat-insulation cover; the heat-retention barrel has a cavity, and a heat-resistant layer of the heat preservation barrel is attached to the inner surface of the cavity.

Further, the pouring fixing part is also provided with a protective gas injection hole connected with the gas control system, which is used for gas protection of the sealed space of solid-liquid combination; at the same time, the pouring channel inside the casting fixing part After being evenly distributed in the shape of a tree branch, they are connected to the molten metal pouring chamber inside the pouring movable part.

Preferably, the turntable has a disk portion and a vertical positioning portion, the center of the disk portion is provided with a positioning cavity that is positioned in cooperation with the pouring movable portion, and on the disk portion There are also several evenly distributed first fixing holes. On this basis, the tooth root of the large gear located at the lower part of the disc part is also correspondingly provided with second fixing holes that match the first fixing holes. holes, the disk portion and the large gear are fixed as a whole through the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole; in addition, the center of the upper end of the vertical positioning portion is provided with a positioning connection portion matched with the quartz glass rod, The lower part of the vertical positioning part cooperates with the rotating base through a thrust bearing.

Further, the pinion assembly also includes: a gear shaft and a pinion bearing matched with the gear shaft, the gear shaft is mounted on the rotating base through the pinion bearing, and the gear shaft is connected to the The pinion gears match.

Preferably, the molten metal outlet is concentrically and coaxially matched with the molten metal pouring port, the pouring movable part is concentrically and coaxially matched with the positioning cavity, and the positioning connection part is concentric with the quartz glass rod coaxial cooperation, the large gear is coaxial and concentric with the rotary table.

In addition, the present invention also provides a method for producing a gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank, which uses the above-mentioned gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device, including the following steps:

S1: When the heat preservation bag is in the no-load state, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder sends out a low-pressure signal, and the drive controller is used to control the hydraulic plunger and synchronously push the transmission column up to drive the heat preservation bag to move up to the highest position. Driven by the heat preservation bag, the pouring mechanism drives the pouring fixed part and the sliding part to move upwards, and the rotating base is driven by the rack part, pinion assembly, and large gear assembly to rotate and separate from the pouring fixed part;

S2: Install the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod, which are kept in the heating furnace to the solid solution temperature, respectively on the rotating base;

S3: Open the thermal insulation cover of the thermal insulation bag, and then inject pure metal liquid of composite tube billet composite layer into the thermal insulation barrel of the thermal insulation bag, cover the thermal insulation cover and let it stand for 30-60 minutes to keep the residual steel slag in the molten metal of the composite layer floating ;

S4: When the insulation bag is fully loaded, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder sends a high-pressure signal, and the drive controller is used to control the hydraulic plunger to shrink. In this case, the insulation bag and pouring mechanism will drive the transmission The column, insulation bag, pouring fixed part and sliding part move down until they are in sealing contact with the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod; at the same time, the protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism through the protective gas injection hole on the pouring fixed part, and the solid-liquid composite The sealed space forms gas protection;

S5: Move the sliding part so that the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port on the sliding part gradually overlap, and control the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, thereby controlling the pouring speed of the molten metal in the composite layer, and at the same time Using the vent holes on the heat preservation cover, the molten metal can flow down smoothly;

S6: As the metal liquid in the composite layer gradually flows into the pouring mechanism, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder will simultaneously send out a signal of pressure reduction, and the drive controller will also control the hydraulic plunger in real time to synchronously push the transmission column up, thereby driving the heat preservation The bag moves up step by step, and then drives the pouring fixed part and the sliding part to move up. At the same time, the rotating base is gradually separated from the pouring fixed part under the drive of the rack part, pinion assembly and large gear assembly. When the heat preservation bag moves up to the maximum position, the entire solid-liquid composite pouring process is completed;

S7: Stand still until the metal liquid in the composite layer is completely solidified, take out the composite tube blank in the solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, smash and take out the quartz glass rod in the middle of the composite tube blank, and then obtain the finished composite tube blank.

Preferably, the step S5 involves: moving the sliding part so that the molten metal control port on the sliding part coincides with the molten metal pouring port gradually, and controls the degree of coincidence between the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, thereby controlling The pouring speed of the metal liquid in the composite layer, this process needs to be realized according to the mathematical model of the solid-liquid composite degree:

Mathematical model of solid-liquid recombination degree:

F=F(T ₁ ,T ₂ ,N,ω,t) (1)

In the formula, T ₁ represents the temperature of the composite outer tube, T ₂ represents the temperature of the molten metal in the composite layer, N represents the cleanliness of the molten metal in the composite layer, ω is the rotational speed of the rotating base, and t is the pouring time ;

The formula for calculating the rotation speed of the rotating base:

In the formula, r represents the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotating base; L is the moving distance of the transmission column; the formula for calculating the moving distance of the transmission column is:

L(t)=k·f(t) (3)

In the formula, k represents the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the response coefficient of the hydraulic plunger; f(t) represents the overall weight reduction function of the insulation package;

The overall weight reduction function of the insulation bag:

f(t)=q·ρ·t (4)

In the formula, ρ represents the density of molten metal; q represents the second flow rate of molten metal in the composite layer;

Calculation formula of liquid metal second flow rate:

q＝A×υ(t) (5)

In the formula, what A represents is the cross-sectional area of the molten metal flow channel, and what υ represents is the flow velocity of the molten metal in the composite layer;

The formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the molten metal flow channel:

A＝ε·S (6)

In the formula, ε represents the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and S represents the cross-sectional area of the molten metal channel at the molten metal control port.

More preferably, the rotating base involved in the step S6 is driven by the rack part, the pinion assembly, and the large gear assembly, and gradually rotates and separates from the pouring fixed part. When the pouring fixed part is separated from the pouring movable part, The sealed pouring cavity will be released, but with the continuous injection of the composite layer metal liquid, the protective gas will be gradually discharged, and the remaining protective gas will continue to form a gas protection for the unfinished pouring cavity; at the same time, during the casting process In the process, the molten metal in the composite layer will further drive the molten metal in the composite layer to rotate and stir under the action of the rotation of the pouring movable part, so that the residual steel slag in the molten metal in the composite layer will be further floated up, further ensuring that the molten metal in the composite layer and the outer tube of the composite pipe The purity of the solid-liquid composite interface; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The present invention utilizes the pressure sensor installed in the transmission mechanism to detect the pressure signal of the metal liquid in the thermal insulation bag in real time, and transmits the pressure signal to the drive controller in the transmission mechanism, and the drive controller drives the hydraulic plunger to rise according to the pressure signal. Or shrink, and then realize the separation and closure of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism, and at the same time cooperate to control the moving distance of the sliding part, so as to control the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port. On this basis, Combined with controlling the temperature of the composite inner and outer pipes, the pouring time, the angular velocity of the rotating base and the cleanliness of the molten metal, the problem of the bonding layer defect of the metallurgical composite pipe can be overcome, and the bonding force of the inner and outer pipes of the composite pipe and the service life of the composite pipe can be greatly improved; The invention has short technological process, low energy consumption, and greatly reduces the production cost of the current metallurgical composite pipe; the structure and technical scheme of the invention are applicable to the production of composite pipes of different metals and different sizes and specifications, and have wide applicability.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional assembly structure schematic diagram of the gravity type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the thermal insulation bag involved in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the looking-up structure of the insulation bag involved in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of the thermal insulation bag involved in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of heat preservation bag A-A in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the pouring mechanism involved in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a front structural schematic view of the pouring mechanism involved in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of pouring mechanism B-B in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a left view structural schematic diagram of the pouring mechanism involved in Fig. 6;

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the pouring mechanism C-C in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism involved in Fig. 1;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rotating base involved in Fig. 1;

Fig. 13 is a schematic top view of the rotating base involved in Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the rotating base D-D in Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a partially enlarged view of the large gear and the pinion involved in Fig. 12 and the part meshing with the rack.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or in a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and unless otherwise Clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or a Electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

Because most metallurgical composite pipes at home and abroad are affected by various processing conditions, the mechanical properties of the composite layer, such as flexural yield strength, hardness, and toughness, are significantly lower than those of the base metal, resulting in the combination of the outer tube and the inner tube of the composite tube. The force is weakened, and there are different degrees of composite layer defects.

Therefore, in response to this problem, the inventors of the present invention have found that the use of a closed environment plus the protection of protective gas, combined with the use of pouring mechanisms, rotating mechanisms and transmission mechanisms, and the use of mathematical models of the degree of solid-liquid recombination to control the flow of molten metal The flow rate and flow rate, that is, the bonding force between the outer tube and the inner tube of the composite tube can be enhanced, which can well solve this technical defect.

It can be seen that the present invention is suitable for solid-liquid compounding between two metals, such as carbon steel and stainless steel, titanium and steel, nickel-based alloy and alloy steel, and the like.

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device involved in the present invention includes: a closed heat preservation bag 1 , a pouring mechanism 2 , a rotating mechanism 3 and a transmission mechanism 4 . The present invention uses the pressure sensor installed in the transmission mechanism 4 to detect the pressure signal of the molten metal in the heat preservation bag 1 in real time, and transmits the pressure signal to the drive controller in the transmission mechanism 4, and the drive controller drives the hydraulic column according to the pressure signal The rise or contraction of the plug 42 further realizes the separation and closure of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2 .

In this technical solution, as shown in Figures 1-5, the closed thermal insulation bag 1 has a thermal insulation cover 13 and a thermal insulation barrel 14 used in conjunction with each other, and the upper part of the thermal insulation cover 13 has a trunnion 131, and the trunnion 131 is provided with a trunnion hole 132, and at the same time, an air vent 133 is provided on the heat preservation cover 13, and a heat insulation cover heat-resistant layer 134 is also provided on the inner surface of the heat preservation cover 13; 14 has a cavity 11 for accommodating the molten metal in the composite layer of the composite tube blank. The lower part of the cavity 11 is provided with a liquid metal outlet 12, and the inner surface of the cavity 11 is attached with a heat-resistant layer 141 of the insulation barrel. In this example, the thermal insulation bag 1 is cylindrical.

The present invention can use the trunnion 131 to open the heat preservation cover 13 through the hoisting device, and then inject an appropriate amount of pure composite layer metal liquid into the heat preservation barrel 14 . In addition, during the forming process of the composite pipe, the metal liquid of the composite layer can be smoothly flowed into the pouring cavity 25 by using the vent hole 133, and the heat-resistant layer 134 of the heat preservation cover and the heat-resistant layer 141 of the heat preservation barrel can keep the composite layer The temperature of molten metal, on the other hand can also reduce the temperature of insulation bag 1.

In this technical solution, as shown in FIGS. 6-10 , the pouring mechanism 2 includes a pouring fixed part 21 and a pouring movable part 22 arranged up and down correspondingly. In this example, both the fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 are cylindrical.

The upper end of the pouring fixing part 21 is fixed to the heat preservation bag 1, and a molten metal pouring port 211 communicating with the molten metal outlet 12 is provided on the upper part of the pouring fixing part 21; at the same time A sliding part 212 is also provided on the pouring fixing part 21, the sliding part 212 runs through the entire casting fixing part 21 and the sliding part 212 is perpendicular to the direction of the molten metal pouring port 211, while the sliding part 212 There is also a molten metal control port 213 on the part 212, so as to control the sliding position of the sliding part 212, thereby controlling the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211, and then controlling the pouring flow rate and pouring speed of the molten metal . In addition, the pouring fixing part 21 is also provided with a protective gas injection hole 215 connected with the gas control system, which is used for gas protection of the sealed space of solid-liquid compounding; at the same time, the pouring channel inside the casting fixing part 21 214 are uniformly distributed in a tree branch shape and communicate with the molten metal pouring chamber 25 inside the pouring movable part 22 . In addition, in the present invention, a pouring channel 214 is further provided inside the pouring fixing part 22 and at the lower part of the sliding part 212 .

The sliding part 212 is the core point of the present invention, that is, the present invention controls the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211 by controlling the sliding position of the sliding part 212, thereby controlling the pouring flow rate and pouring speed of the molten metal.

In the present invention, since the compounding between different metals requires different inner and outer tube temperatures, higher cleanliness of molten metal, appropriate rotation speed and rotation pouring speed, it is a comprehensively considered factor. For this reason, the present invention realizes solid-liquid recombination by means of the conditions of the mathematical model of the degree of solid-liquid recombination. The specific protocol will be detailed in Methods.

At the same time, in the present invention, the pouring movable part 22 is set as a composite tube outer tube 23 or is provided with a composite tube outer tube 23 inside, and a quartz glass rod 24 is arranged at the center of the composite tube outer tube 23 And between the quartz glass rod 24 and the outer tube 23 of the composite tube, there is also a molten metal pouring cavity 25 for forming the composite layer of the composite tube blank. The molten metal pouring cavity 25 and the pouring channel 214 jointly constitute a forming cavity for the composite layer of molten metal.

In this technical solution, as shown in FIGS. 12-15 , the rotating mechanism 3 includes a large gear assembly 31 , a small gear assembly 32 and a rotating base 33 . In this example, the rotating base 33 is in the shape of a truncated cone.

The large gear assembly 31 includes a turntable 311 and a large gear 312 that are installed up and down and fitted together. The upper end of the turntable 311 is a disk part 3111 that is fixed to the casting movable part 22. The rotating The lower end of the platform 311 is a vertical positioning portion 3112 movably nested inside the rotating base 33 , and the large gear 312 is interposed between the rotating base 33 and the disc portion 3111 . In this example, the shape of the vertical positioning portion is cylindrical.

At the same time, the center of the disc part 3111 is provided with a positioning cavity 3115 that is positioned in conjunction with the casting movable part 22, and a number of uniformly distributed first fixing holes 3113 are also provided on the disc part 3111 On this basis, a second fixing hole 3114 matching with the first fixing hole 3113 is correspondingly opened on the dedendum part of the large gear 312 located at the lower part of the disc part 3111, through the first fixing hole 3113 And the second fixing hole 3114 fixes the disc part 3111 and the large gear 312 as a whole. It should be noted that: when the disk portion 3111 and the large gear 312 are fixed together through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114, the fixing piece passes through the first fixing hole 3113 and the second fixing hole 3114 at the same time, and is fixed The end of part is flat with bull gear 312 lower end faces at most.

In addition, the center of the upper end of the vertical positioning part 3112 is provided with a positioning connection part 3116 matched with the quartz glass rod 24, and the lower part of the vertical positioning part 3112 is connected to the rotating base 33 through a thrust bearing 3117. match.

The pinion assemblies 32 are evenly arranged on the rotating base 33, and each pinion assembly 32 includes a gear shaft 322, a pinion bearing 323 and a pinion 321 matched with the gear shaft 322, and the gear shaft 322 passes through the pinion The bearing 323 is mounted on the rotating base 33, and the gear shaft 322 cooperates with the pinion 321 through a gear key, and the pinion 321 in each pinion assembly 32 is meshed with the bull gear 312 .

In the present invention, through the meshing of the small gear 321 and the large gear 312, the large gear 312 can be driven to rotate under the drive of an external force, thereby driving the rotating table 311 integrated with the large gear 312 to rotate, and then driving the pouring sliding part 22 rotation.

In this technical solution, as shown in FIG. 11 , the transmission mechanism 4 includes a transmission column 41, a hydraulic plunger 42 and a hydraulic cylinder block 43 connected sequentially from top to bottom, and the upper end of the transmission column 41 is in contact with the insulation The bag 1 is fixed, and a rack portion 411 is provided in the middle of the transmission column 41, and the rack portion 411 passes through its rotating base 33 while maintaining engagement with the pinion 321; the hydraulic cylinder block 43 is equipped with a pressure sensor and a drive controller inside, the pressure sensor detects the pressure signal of the molten metal in the heat preservation bag 1, and transmits the pressure signal to the drive controller, and the drive controller according to the pressure signal Drive the hydraulic plunger 42 to rise or shrink, and then realize the separation and closure of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2 .

More specifically, when the thermal insulation bag 1 is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the drive controller, and the drive controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to shrink according to the high-voltage signal, and the fully loaded thermal insulation bag 1 Driven by the gravity of the pouring fixed part 21, the closing of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 in the pouring mechanism 2 is realized; when the heat preservation bag 1 is empty or in the pouring process, the pressure sensor sends a low pressure signal to the The drive controller drives the hydraulic plunger 42 to rise according to the low-pressure signal, and at this time, it will synchronously push the transmission column 41 to rise, thereby driving the heat preservation bag 1 and the pouring and fixing part 21 to rise to the highest position, and the hydraulic column While the plug 42 is rising, the casting movable part 22 fixed on the rotating base 33 will be rotated and separated from the pouring fixed part 21 under the engagement of the rack part 411 , the pinion gear 321 and the large gear 312 .

On the basis of this technical solution, the molten metal outlet 12 is coaxially matched with the molten metal pouring port 211, the pouring movable part 22 is coaxially matched with the positioning cavity 3115, and the The positioning connection part 3116 is coaxially matched with the quartz glass rod 24, and the large gear 312 is coaxially matched with the rotary table 311, which is a preferred technical solution of the present invention.

So far, through the technical solutions disclosed above, the present invention realizes the rotational separation and closure of the pouring fixed part 21 and the pouring movable part 22 during the pouring process through the cooperative movement of the transmission mechanism 4 and the rotating mechanism 3 .

Under the technical solution disclosed above, the present invention also provides a method for producing a gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank, which utilizes the above-mentioned gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device, and specifically includes the following steps:

S1: When the heat preservation bag 1 is in the no-load state, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder 43 sends out a low-pressure signal, and the drive controller is used to control the hydraulic plunger 42 and simultaneously push the transmission column 41 to move up, driving the heat preservation bag 1 to move up to the highest position. At the same time, driven by the insulation bag 1, the pouring mechanism 2 drives the pouring fixed part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move up, and the rotating base 33 is driven by the rack part 411, the pinion assembly 32, and the large gear assembly 31. The fixed part 21 is rotated and separated;

S2: Install the composite tube outer tube 23 and the quartz glass rod 24 placed in the heating furnace to the solid solution temperature, respectively, on the rotating base 33 and fix them; since in the following examples, the specific composite tube outer tube uses What is more is 20 carbon steel, therefore, the solid solution temperature referred to in this step is 1100 ℃;

S3: Open the thermal insulation cover 13 of the thermal insulation bag 1, then inject pure composite pipe billet composite layer metal liquid into the thermal insulation barrel 14 of the thermal insulation bag 1, cover the thermal insulation cover 13 and let it stand for 30-60 minutes to keep the composite layer metal liquid The residual steel slag in the tank floats up;

S4: When the insulation bag 1 is fully loaded, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder 43 sends a high-pressure signal, and the drive controller is used to control the hydraulic plunger 42 to shrink. In this case, the insulation bag 1 and the pouring mechanism 2 will be under gravity Under the drive, the transmission column 41, the heat preservation bag 1, the pouring fixed part 21 and the sliding part 212 are moved down until they are in sealing contact with the outer tube 23 of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod 24; 215 Inject protective gas into the pouring mechanism 2 to form gas protection for the sealed space to be solid-liquid recombined; the protective gas is one of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon;

S5: Move the sliding part 212 to gradually overlap the molten metal control port 213 on the sliding part 212 with the molten metal pouring port 211, and control the coincidence degree between the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211, thereby controlling the composite layer metal The pouring speed of the liquid, while using the vent hole 133 on the heat preservation cover 13, the molten metal can flow down smoothly;

S6: As the metal liquid in the composite layer gradually flows into the pouring mechanism 2, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder 43 will simultaneously send out a signal of pressure reduction, and the drive controller will also control the hydraulic plunger 42 in real time to synchronously push the transmission column 41 up, This drives the heat preservation bag 1 to move up step by step, and then drives the pouring fixed part 21 and the sliding part 212 to move up, and at the same time, the rotating base 33 is gradually fixed with the pouring under the drive of the rack part 411, the pinion assembly 32 and the large gear assembly 31. The part 21 rotates and separates, and when the insulation bag 1 moves up to the maximum position, the entire solid-liquid composite pouring process is completed;

S7: Stand still until the metal liquid in the composite layer is completely solidified, take out the composite tube blank in the solid-liquid composite state until the cooling is completed, smash and take out the quartz glass rod 24 in the middle of the composite tube blank, and then the finished composite tube blank can be obtained .

In the above-mentioned production method, how to control the position of the moving sliding part 212, and then control the degree of overlap between the molten metal control port 213 and the molten metal pouring port 211, is the core point of this method. In order to accurately control the position of the sliding part 212, it needs to be realized according to the mathematical model of the degree of solid-liquid recombination:

Mathematical model of the degree of solid-liquid recombination:

F=F(T ₁ ,T ₂ ,N,ω,t) (1)

In the formula, T ₁ represents the temperature of the composite outer tube, T ₂ represents the temperature of the molten metal in the composite layer, N represents the cleanliness of the molten metal in the composite layer, ω is the rotational speed of the rotating base, and t is the pouring time ;

The formula for calculating the rotation speed of the rotating base:

In the formula, r represents the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotating base; L is the moving distance of the transmission column; the formula for calculating the moving distance of the transmission column is:

L(t)=k·f(t) (3)

In the formula, k represents the hydraulic cylinder pressure and the response coefficient of the hydraulic plunger; f(t) represents the overall weight reduction function of the insulation package;

The overall weight reduction function of the insulation bag:

f(t)=q·ρ·t (4)

In the formula, ρ represents the density of molten metal; q represents the second flow rate of molten metal in the composite layer;

Calculation formula of liquid metal second flow rate:

q＝A×υ(t) (5)

In the formula, what A represents is the cross-sectional area of the molten metal flow channel, and what υ represents is the flow velocity of the molten metal in the composite layer;

The formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the molten metal flow channel:

A＝ε·S (6)

In the formula, ε represents the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and S represents the cross-sectional area of the molten metal channel at the molten metal control port.

In this technical solution, the molten metal control port 213 is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the molten metal channel of the molten metal pouring port 211 .

Regarding the above-mentioned production method, it should be noted that the rotating base 33 is gradually separated from the pouring and fixing part 21 under the drive of the rack part 411, the pinion gear assembly 32, and the large gear assembly 31. When the pouring and fixing part 21 and the The moment the pouring movable part 22 is separated, the sealed pouring cavity 25 will be released, but with the continuous injection of the composite layer metal liquid, the protective gas will be gradually discharged, and the remaining protective gas will continue to pour into the unfinished pouring cavity. 25 to form gas protection; at the same time, during the pouring forming process, the molten metal in the composite layer will be further driven to rotate and stir under the rotation of the casting movable part 22, thereby further floating the residual steel slag in the molten metal in the composite layer, further Ensure the purity of the solid-liquid composite interface between the composite layer metal liquid and the composite tube outer tube 23 . This is one of them.

Second: Since the 1100°C quartz glass rod 24 has not reached the softening temperature, it can also form a temperature replenishment phenomenon inside the outer tube 23 of the composite tube at the beginning of pouring to prevent the temperature of the outer tube 23 of the composite tube from dropping at the beginning of pouring.

It can be seen that through the production method disclosed above, as long as the above steps are repeated, the continuous production of solid-liquid composite tube blanks can be formed.

Example 1

Table 1 below mainly shows the specific and actual parameter configuration process of the inner tube 316 stainless steel and the outer tube 20 carbon steel.

Table 1: Parameter configuration table of inner tube and outer tube

It can be seen that when the temperature of the composite outer tube is selected to be 1000-1100°C, the temperature of the molten metal in the composite layer is selected to be 1100°C, the cleanliness of the molten metal in the composite layer is selected to be higher than 16/14/12 according to ISO4406, and the rotational speed of the rotating base is selected to be 0.6-0.8rad /s, when the pouring time is 8-10s, the obtained bimetallic composite pipe has a good bonding layer between the inner and outer pipes. When the selection range of any one of the parameters is changed, more or less, it will eventually affect the degree of the bonding layer of the inner and outer pipes, or there will be cracks in the bonding layer of the inner and outer pipes, or the bonding layer of the inner and outer pipes will be over-burned, or the inner and outer pipes will be formed. The bonding layer is locally uneven.

Then, for the bimetallic composite pipes between different materials, the relevant implementation units can also control and adjust according to their own needs and in combination with the relevant parameters that the relevant implementation units have mastered between different materials, so that the degree of the bonding layer of the inner and outer pipes can be easily obtained. Good control parameters, so that the actual production can be carried out quickly.

Carry out room temperature tensile test, bending test, impact test, Rockwell hardness test with the composite pipe blank produced in Example 1, and the concrete test results are as follows:

1. Tensile test at room temperature:

Test method: GB/T 228.1-2010 Tensile test of metallic materials Part 1: Test method at room temperature

Testing equipment: Microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine CMT5305 (LX01-1)

The test results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Test results of tensile test at room temperature

2. Bending test

Test method: GB/T232-2010 metal material bending test method

Testing equipment: Microcomputer-controlled hydraulic universal testing machine AUM/60W (LX05)

The test results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Bend test results

3. Impact test

Test method: GB/T229-2020 Charpy pendulum impact test method for metallic materials

Testing equipment: hammer impact testing machine ZBC2452-BE (LX04)

The test results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Impact test test results

4. Rockwell hardness test

Testing method: GB/T230.1-2018 Rockwell hardness test of metallic materials Part 1: Test method

Testing equipment: Fully automatic double Rockwell hardness tester MHRSS-150/45-Z (JX27)

The test results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Rockwell hardness test results

It can be seen that through the above tests, the composite tube blank produced by this method can meet the requirements of yield strength, tensile hardness and toughness.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still It is possible to modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or to perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube billet production device is characterized in that it includes: The closed heat preservation bag has a cavity for containing the molten metal of the composite layer of the composite tube billet, and the lower part of the cavity is provided with a liquid metal outlet; The pouring mechanism includes a pouring fixed part and a pouring movable part arranged up and down correspondingly, the upper end of the pouring fixed part is fixed to the heat preservation bag, and a liquid outlet that is connected to the molten metal is opened on the upper part of the pouring fixed part. connected molten metal pouring port; at the same time, a sliding part is also provided on the pouring fixed part, the sliding part runs through the entire pouring fixed part and the sliding part is perpendicular to the direction of the molten metal pouring port At the same time, there is also a molten metal control port on the sliding part, so as to control the sliding position of the sliding part, thereby controlling the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, and then controlling the pouring flow rate and pouring speed of the molten metal , on this basis, there is also a pouring channel inside the pouring fixed part and at the lower part of the sliding part; in addition, the pouring movable part is set as a composite pipe outer pipe or is provided with a composite pipe outer pipe tube, and a quartz glass rod is arranged at the center of the outer tube of the composite tube, and a molten metal pouring cavity for forming the composite layer of the composite tube billet is also provided between the quartz glass rod and the outer tube of the composite tube; The rotating mechanism includes a large gear assembly, a small gear assembly and a rotating base. The large gear assembly includes a rotary table and a large gear that are installed up and down and fitted together. The upper end of the rotary table is connected to the casting movable part. fixed, the lower end of the rotary table is movably nested inside the rotary base, the large gear is interposed between the rotary table and the rotary base; the pinion gear assembly is evenly arranged on the rotary base , and each pinion gear in the pinion assembly is meshed with the bull gear; The transmission mechanism includes a transmission column, a hydraulic plunger and a hydraulic cylinder connected sequentially from top to bottom, the upper end of the transmission column is fixed to the heat preservation bag, and a rack is provided in the middle of the transmission column , the rack portion passes through its rotating base while keeping in mesh with the pinion; a pressure sensor and a drive controller are arranged inside the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure sensor detects the temperature of the molten metal in the heat preservation bag. The pressure signal is transmitted to the drive controller, and the drive controller drives the hydraulic plunger to rise or shrink according to the pressure signal, thereby realizing the separation and closure of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism ; When the insulation bag is fully loaded, the pressure sensor sends a high-pressure signal to the drive controller, and the drive controller drives the hydraulic plunger to shrink according to the high-voltage signal, driven by the gravity of the fully loaded insulation bag and the pouring and fixing part , to realize the closing of the pouring fixed part and the pouring movable part in the pouring mechanism; when the insulation bag is empty or in the pouring process, the pressure sensor sends a low pressure signal to the drive controller, and the drive controller Drive the hydraulic plunger to rise. At this time, the transmission column will be pushed up synchronously, thereby driving the heat preservation bag and the pouring fixed part to rise to the highest position. Under the meshing action of the strip part, the pinion gear and the large gear, it rotates and separates from the pouring fixed part; The heat preservation bag has a heat preservation cover and a heat preservation bucket used in conjunction with each other. The upper part of the heat preservation cover has a trunnion, and the trunnion hole is provided on the trunnion, and at the same time, the heat preservation cover is also provided with a vent hole. , in addition, a heat-resistant layer of the heat-insulation cover is also provided on the inner surface of the heat-preservation cover; the heat-retention barrel has a cavity, and a heat-resistant layer of the heat preservation barrel is attached to the inner surface of the cavity; The pouring fixed part is also provided with a protective gas injection hole connected with the gas control system, which is used for gas protection of the solid-liquid composite sealed space; at the same time, the pouring channel inside the pouring fixed part is tree branch After being uniformly distributed, it communicates with the molten metal pouring cavity inside the pouring movable part. 2. The gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device according to claim 1, wherein the rotary table has a disk portion and a vertical positioning portion, and a center of the disk portion is provided with a The casting movable part is matched with the positioning cavity for positioning, and a number of evenly distributed first fixing holes are also provided on the disc part. On this basis, the large gear located at the lower part of the disc part A second fixing hole matched with the first fixing hole is correspondingly opened on the root of the tooth, and the disc part and the large gear are fixed together through the first fixing hole and the second fixing hole; in addition, the vertical positioning The center of the upper end of the upper part is provided with a positioning connection part matched with the quartz glass rod, and the lower part of the vertical positioning part is matched with the rotating base through a thrust bearing. 3. The gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device according to claim 1, wherein the pinion assembly further includes: a gear shaft and a pinion bearing matched with the gear shaft, and the gear shaft passes through The pinion bearing is installed on the rotating base, and the gear shaft cooperates with the pinion through the gear key. 4. The gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the molten metal outlet and the molten metal pouring port are concentrically and coaxially matched, and the pouring movable part and the The positioning cavity cooperates concentrically and coaxially, the positioning connection part cooperates concentrically and coaxially with the quartz glass rod, and the large gear cooperates concentrically and coaxially with the rotary table. 5. The method for producing a gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank, using the gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank production device described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1: When the heat preservation bag is in the no-load state, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder sends out a low-pressure signal, and the drive controller is used to control the hydraulic plunger and synchronously push the transmission column up to drive the heat preservation bag to move up to the highest position. Driven by the heat preservation bag, the pouring mechanism drives the pouring fixed part and the sliding part to move upwards, and the rotating base is driven by the rack part, pinion assembly, and large gear assembly to rotate and separate from the pouring fixed part; S2: Install the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod, which are kept in the heating furnace to the solid solution temperature, respectively on the rotating base; S3: Open the thermal insulation cover of the thermal insulation bag, and then inject pure metal liquid of composite tube billet composite layer into the thermal insulation barrel of the thermal insulation bag, cover the thermal insulation cover and let it stand for 30-60 minutes to keep the residual steel slag in the molten metal of the composite layer floating ; S4: When the insulation bag is fully loaded, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder sends a high-pressure signal, and the drive controller is used to control the hydraulic plunger to shrink. In this case, the insulation bag and pouring mechanism will drive the transmission The column, insulation bag, pouring fixed part and sliding part move down until they are in sealing contact with the outer tube of the composite tube and the quartz glass rod; at the same time, the protective gas is injected into the pouring mechanism through the protective gas injection hole on the pouring fixed part, and the solid-liquid composite The sealed space forms gas protection; S5: Move the sliding part so that the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port on the sliding part gradually overlap, and control the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, thereby controlling the pouring speed of the molten metal in the composite layer, and at the same time Using the vent holes on the heat preservation cover, the molten metal can flow down smoothly; S6: As the metal liquid in the composite layer gradually flows into the pouring mechanism, the pressure sensor inside the hydraulic cylinder will simultaneously send out a signal of pressure reduction, and the drive controller will also control the hydraulic plunger in real time to synchronously push the transmission column up, thereby driving the heat preservation The bag moves up step by step, and then drives the pouring fixed part and the sliding part to move up. At the same time, the rotating base is gradually separated from the pouring fixed part under the drive of the rack part, pinion assembly and large gear assembly. When the heat preservation bag moves up to the maximum position, the entire solid-liquid composite pouring process is completed; S7: Stand still until the metal liquid in the composite layer is completely solidified, take out the composite tube blank in the solid-liquid composite state until cooling is completed, smash and take out the quartz glass rod in the middle of the composite tube blank, and then obtain the finished composite tube blank. 6. The method for producing gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blank according to claim 5, characterized in that, involved in step S5: moving the sliding part, so that the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port on the sliding part gradually Overlap, and control the coincidence degree of the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, thereby controlling the pouring speed of the molten metal in the composite layer. On this basis, control the temperature of the composite outer tube, the temperature of the molten metal in the composite layer, the pouring time and The rotation speed of the rotating base and the cleanliness of the metal liquid in the composite layer realize solid-liquid recombination. This process needs to be realized according to the mathematical model of the degree of solid-liquid recombination: Mathematical model of solid-liquid recombination degree: , In the formula, Indicates the temperature of the composite outer tube, /> Indicates the temperature of the molten metal in the composite layer, /> Indicates the cleanliness of the molten metal in the composite layer, /> is the rotational speed of the rotating base, /> is the pouring time; The formula for calculating the rotation speed of the rotating base: , In the formula, Indicates the pitch circle radius of the large gear in the rotating base;/> is the moving distance of the transmission column; The formula for calculating the moving distance of the transmission column: , In the formula, Indicates hydraulic cylinder pressure and hydraulic plunger response coefficient; /> Represents the overall weight reduction function of the insulation bag; The overall weight reduction function of the insulation bag: , In the formula, Indicates the density of the metal liquid; /> Indicates the second flow of molten metal in the composite layer; Calculation formula of liquid metal second flow rate: , In the formula, Indicates the cross-sectional area of the molten metal flow channel, /> Indicates the flow rate of the molten metal in the composite layer; The formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the molten metal flow channel: , In the formula, Indicates the degree of coincidence between the molten metal control port and the molten metal pouring port, /> Indicates the cross-sectional area of the molten metal channel at the molten metal control port. 7. The method for producing gravity-type solid-liquid composite tube blanks according to claim 5, characterized in that, the rotating base involved in step S6 is driven by the rack portion, the pinion assembly, and the large gear assembly, and gradually integrates with the pouring During the rotation and separation of the fixed part, when the casting fixed part is separated from the casting movable part, the sealed casting cavity will be released, but with the continuous injection of the composite layer of molten metal, the protective gas will be gradually discharged, and the remaining protective gas will Continue to form gas protection for the pouring cavity that has not been poured; at the same time, during the casting process, the molten metal in the composite layer will be further driven by the rotation of the movable part of the pouring to further drive the molten metal in the composite layer to rotate and stir, so that the molten metal in the composite layer The remaining steel slag floats further to further ensure the purity of the solid-liquid composite interface between the composite layer metal liquid and the composite tube outer tube; the protective gas is nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon A sort of.