CN115606713A - Micropterus salmoides breeding feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Micropterus salmoides breeding feed and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115606713A
CN115606713A CN202211161217.1A CN202211161217A CN115606713A CN 115606713 A CN115606713 A CN 115606713A CN 202211161217 A CN202211161217 A CN 202211161217A CN 115606713 A CN115606713 A CN 115606713A
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feed
chinese medicine
traditional chinese
micropterus salmoides
stirring
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孙明锋
尤永成
贾长明
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Trout Bream Agricultural Technology Development Nanjing Co ltd
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Trout Bream Agricultural Technology Development Nanjing Co ltd
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and particularly discloses a micropterus salmoides culture feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the micropterus salmoides culture feed comprises raw material fish meal, fermented soybean meal, a functional additive, a traditional Chinese medicine additive and oxidized starch hydrogel; the formula is scientific, the proportion is strict, the feed can obviously improve the feed intake and the feed utilization rate of the micropterus salmoides, and the feed has high nutritional value, high absorption and utilization rate and good disease resistance. The application also provides a preparation method of the micropterus salmoides breeding feed, which comprises the steps of stirring and uniformly mixing the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, and then carrying out microwave sterilization to obtain a mixture; adding oxidized starch hydrogel with the mass of 1/3 into the mixture for granulation to obtain spherulites I; uniformly spraying the rest of the oxidized starch hydrogel on the surface of the spherulite I, and then adding the functional additive, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain the functional starch hydrogel; the preparation method is simple to operate, mild in preparation conditions, high in preparation efficiency and suitable for industrial production.

Description

Micropterus salmoides breeding feed and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aquatic feeds, in particular to a micropterus salmoides culture feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Micropterus salmoneides (Micropterus salmoneides), also known as Lateolabrax japonicus, originally produced in California, USA, was introduced into China in the 80 th century of the 20 th century and successfully bred artificially, and is a widely-warm carnivorous fresh water famous and precious variety. The micropterus salmoides have fresh and tender meat, rich nutrition and no muscle prick, and have the characteristics of large individual, quick growth, strong adaptability and the like, so the micropterus salmoides are widely popular with consumers and farmers; meanwhile, the fish bait is a good variety for developing leisure fishery due to the greedy and easy hooking. The micropterus salmoides like to inhabit in sandy or muddy, clear and slow flowing still water and are an important economic fish for developing pond culture.
In the process of breeding the micropterus salmoides, the related technology generally uses the iced fresh fish and wild trash fish to directly feed, or mixes the iced fresh fish and wild trash fish with feed powder and then processes the mixture into granulated feed for feeding. The feeding mode has the problems of low feed utilization rate, great waste, serious water pollution, high feeding cost and the like. Meanwhile, with the increase of the market demand of the micropterus salmoides, a high-density culture mode is generally adopted, and the high-density culture causes the fish to be easy to catch diseases and difficult to cure, so that the fish disease loss is large.
In order to better meet the requirement of breeding the micropterus salmoides, the application provides a micropterus salmoides breeding feed and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of low feed utilization rate, large waste, serious water body pollution, high feeding cost, large disease loss of high-density cultured fish and the like in the related art, the application provides the culture feed for the micropterus salmoides and the preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a micropterus salmoides breeding feed, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the micropterus salmoides breeding feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 48-65 parts of fermented soybean meal, 30-50 parts of functional additive, 17-22 parts of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 8-15 parts of oxidized starch hydrogel;
the functional additive is prepared by compounding zeolite powder, sodium peroxide, peroxyacetic acid and glyceroglycolipid according to a mass ratio of 15.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fish meal and the fermented soybean meal are used as the main raw materials for feeding the micropterus salmoides, so that the nutritional ingredients such as protein, crude fat, vitamins, mineral substances, trace elements and the like required by the growth of the micropterus salmoides can be provided, the feed has good palatability, excellent food calling property, high feed intake rate and high absorption and utilization rate;
by adding the traditional Chinese medicine additive, the nutritional ingredients of the feed can be increased, the quality guarantee period of the feed is prolonged, and the disease resistance and disease resistance of the feed are obviously improved;
preparing a functional additive by compounding zeolite powder, sodium peroxide, peracetic acid and glyceroglycolipid; the zeolite powder can remove ammonia nitrogen in water and purify water; the sodium peroxide generates sodium hydroxide and oxygen when meeting water, and the sodium hydroxide and the peracetic acid further generate sodium acetate and water; the sodium acetate has good food calling effect; the applicant finds that the addition of the functional additive can not only increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body and purify the water quality, but also further improve the feed intake and the survival rate of the fish body;
the feed has the advantages that the formula is scientific, the proportion is strict, and the growth of the micropterus salmoides can be guaranteed while the feeding cost is reduced and the fish disease loss is reduced by controlling the selection of the raw materials.
Preferably, the functional additive is prepared by the following method: firstly, zeolite powder is used for loading sodium peroxide and peroxyacetic acid to obtain loaded zeolite powder; and then, the glyceroglycolipid is atomized and coated on the surface of the supported zeolite powder, and a continuous isolating layer is formed on the surface of the supported zeolite powder, so that the functional additive is obtained.
By adopting the technical scheme, the inert zeolite powder is used for loading sodium peroxide and peracetic acid, and the glyceroglycolipid is atomized and coated on the surface of the loaded zeolite powder, so that the oxidation of other nutrient substances caused by the sodium peroxide and the peracetic acid in the functional additive in the preparation process of the feed can be effectively avoided.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 2-4;
(2) Adding water into the Chinese medicinal powder, stirring, dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and fermentation strain under stirring, mixing, and fermenting at 27-33 deg.C and humidity of 68-82% for 3-5 days to obtain Chinese medicinal fermented material;
(3) Adding 10-15 times of water into the Chinese medicinal fermented material, stirring at 30-50 deg.C for 1-2 hr, standing, and centrifuging to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the Chinese medicinal leaching solution, stirring, dispersing, standing at 118-124 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, dispersing for 1-2 hr, and spray drying to obtain Chinese medicinal additive.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain in the step (2) is 50.
By adopting the technical scheme, the raw materials of coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides are mixed and fermented, and finally bile acid and palm oil are added to be mixed to prepare the traditional Chinese medicine additive; the obtained traditional Chinese medicine additive has excellent effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, resisting bacteria and viruses and the like, overcomes the defects of bitter and astringent taste of the traditional Chinese medicine, and can further promote the absorption and metabolism rate of the traditional Chinese medicine additive by adding the bile acid and the palm oil, so that the disease resistance and disease resistance of the feed are further improved.
Preferably, the fermentation strain is formed by mixing lactobacillus plantarum and aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 4-7.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lactobacillus plantarum and the aspergillus niger are mixed and compounded to serve as a fermentation strain, the fermentation condition is easy to control and is good, the fermentation efficiency is high, the metabolites are rich, the safety is high, and the like.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the Chinese medicine leaching liquor, the bile acid and the palm oil in the step (4) is 120-160.
By adopting the technical scheme, the absorption metabolic rate of the traditional Chinese medicine additive can be further promoted by controlling the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor, the bile acid and the palm oil, so that the disease prevention and the disease resistance of the feed are further improved.
Preferably, the oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 2.7-3.5 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) 32-40, stirring and dispersing the corn starch, the hydrogen peroxide and the acidic solution according to a mass ratio of 10;
(3) Adding ferulic acid into the oxidized starch mixed solution, stirring and mixing for 10-20min, adding sodium alginate, continuously stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the ferulic acid to the sodium alginate is 6-9.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ferulic acid has excellent effects of oxidation resistance, bacteria resistance, virus resistance and the like, and the sodium alginate can enhance viscosity and improve the suspension property of the feed in water; by adopting the oxidized starch hydrogel, the adhesive force among the raw materials can be enhanced, and the stability of the feed in water is further improved.
Preferably, the micropterus salmoides breeding feed also comprises 1-7 parts of raw material earthworm powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the earthworm powder is rich in carotene, vitamins and trace elements, and the earthworm powder can promote the growth of weever, enhance the disease resistance of the weever, promote metabolism and improve the utilization rate of feed.
In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of a micropterus salmoides breeding feed, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a micropterus salmoides breeding feed specifically comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, weighing raw materials of fish meal, fermented soybean meal, a functional additive, a traditional Chinese medicine additive and oxidized starch hydrogel in parts by weight;
s2, uniformly stirring and mixing the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, and then performing microwave sterilization to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding oxidized starch hydrogel with the mass of 1/3 into the mixture for granulation to obtain spherulites I;
and S4, uniformly spraying the residual oxidized starch hydrogel on the surface of the spherulite I, adding the functional additive, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain the required micropterus salmoides culture feed.
Preferably, when the raw materials in the step S1 further include earthworm powder, the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal, the traditional Chinese medicine additive and the earthworm powder are stirred and mixed uniformly in the step S2, and then the mixture is subjected to microwave sterilization to obtain a mixture.
Preferably, the microwave sterilization conditions in step S2 are controlled as follows: the microwave power is 400-500W, the temperature is 60-73 ℃, and the time is 3-5min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive are mixed and granulated, then coated by the oxidized starch hydrogel, and finally mixed with the functional additive and granulated to prepare the required feed; the preparation method is simple to operate, mild in preparation conditions and high in preparation efficiency, and is suitable for industrial production, after the feed is put into water, the functional additive on the surface layer reacts with water firstly, so that good oxygen increasing and water purifying effects are achieved, and sodium acetate capable of stimulating the ingestion of fish bodies and the secretion of insulin can be generated; the microsphere I after the surface functional additive falls off has good suspension property and stability in water, is convenient for fish to ingest, and has the remarkable characteristics of high feed utilization rate, little waste, and reduction of water body pollution and feeding cost.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the feed is scientific in formula and strict in proportion, and by controlling the selection of the raw materials, the growth of the micropterus salmoides can be guaranteed, the feeding cost is reduced, and the fish disease loss is reduced; the fish meal and the fermented soybean meal are used as main raw materials for feeding the micropterus salmoides, so that the nutritional ingredients such as protein, crude fat, vitamins, mineral substances, trace elements and the like required by the growth of the micropterus salmoides can be provided, the feed has good palatability, excellent food calling property, high feed intake rate and high absorption and utilization rate; by adding the traditional Chinese medicine additive, the nutritional ingredients of the feed can be increased, the quality guarantee period of the feed is prolonged, and the disease resistance and disease resistance of the feed are obviously improved; preparing a functional additive by compounding zeolite powder, sodium peroxide, peracetic acid and glyceroglycolipid; the zeolite powder can remove ammonia nitrogen in water and purify water; the sodium peroxide generates sodium hydroxide and oxygen when meeting water, and the sodium hydroxide and the peracetic acid further generate sodium acetate and water; the sodium acetate has good food calling effect; the applicant finds that the addition of the functional additive can not only increase the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body and purify the water quality, but also further improve the feed intake and the survival rate of the fish body.
2. The preparation method is simple to operate, mild in preparation conditions, high in preparation efficiency and suitable for industrial production, and the required feed is prepared by mixing and granulating fish meal, fermented soybean meal and a traditional Chinese medicine additive, coating the mixture by using oxidized starch hydrogel, and finally mixing and granulating the mixture with a functional additive; after the feed is put into water, the functional additive on the surface layer reacts with water firstly, so that good oxygen increasing and water purifying effects are achieved, and sodium acetate for stimulating the ingestion and insulin secretion of fish bodies can be generated; the microsphere I after the surface functional additive falls off has good suspension property and stability in water, is convenient for fish to ingest, and has the remarkable characteristics of high feed utilization rate, little waste, and reduction of water body pollution and feeding cost.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation 1 and comparative preparations 1-2 provide functional additives and methods for their preparation.
Preparation example 1
The functional additive comprises the following raw materials: 15kg of zeolite powder, 7kg of sodium peroxide, 4kg of peroxyacetic acid and 6kg of glyceroglycolipid;
the functional additive is prepared by the following method:
premixing sodium peroxide and peracetic acid, and adding zeolite powder for mixing to obtain supported zeolite powder; and then, the glyceroglycolipid is atomized and coated on the surface of the supported zeolite powder, and a continuous isolating layer is formed on the surface of the supported zeolite powder, so that the functional additive is obtained.
Comparative preparation example 1
The functional additive comprises the following raw materials: 15kg of zeolite powder, 7kg of sodium peroxide, 4kg of peroxyacetic acid and 6kg of glyceroglycolipid;
the functional additive is prepared by the following method:
premixing sodium peroxide, peroxyacetic acid and glyceroglycolipid, adding zeolite powder, and mixing to obtain the functional additive.
Comparative preparation example 2
The functional additive comprises the following raw materials: 15kg of zeolite powder, 7kg of sodium peroxide and 4kg of peroxyacetic acid;
the functional additive is prepared by the following method:
premixing sodium peroxide and peracetic acid, and adding zeolite powder for mixing to obtain the functional additive.
Preparation examples 2-6 and comparative preparation examples 3-6 provide methods for preparing the herbal additive.
Preparation example 2
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 2;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and a fermentation strain while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then placing under the conditions that the temperature is 27 ℃ and the humidity is 68% for fermentation for 3d to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain are mixed according to a mass ratio of 50;
(3) Adding 10 times of water into the Chinese medicinal fermented material, stirring at 30 deg.C for 2 hr, standing, and centrifuging to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at 118 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 2 hours, and carrying out spray drying after the treatment is finished to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor to the bile acid to the palm oil is 60.
Preparation example 3
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, sophora flavescens, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 3;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and a fermentation strain while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then fermenting for 4.5d under the conditions that the temperature is 28 ℃ and the humidity is 71% to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain are mixed according to a mass ratio of 50;
(3) Adding 11 times of water into the traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, stirring for 1.8h at the temperature of 35 ℃, standing and centrifuging to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine extract;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine leaching solution, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at the temperature of 120 ℃, performing heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 1.8 hours, and performing spray drying after the treatment is completed to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching solution to the bile acid to the palm oil is 130.
Preparation example 4
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing the coptis chinensis, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the folium isatidis and the eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 6;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and a fermentation strain while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then placing under the conditions that the temperature is 30 ℃ and the humidity is 75% for fermentation for 4d to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain are mixed according to a mass ratio of 100;
(3) Adding 12 times of water into the Chinese medicinal fermented material, stirring at 40 deg.C for 1.5 hr, standing, and centrifuging to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at the temperature of 121 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 1.5h, and carrying out spray drying after the treatment is finished to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor to the bile acid to the palm oil is 140.
Preparation example 5
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 4;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and a fermentation strain while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then placing under the conditions that the temperature is 32 ℃ and the humidity is 78% to ferment for 3.5d to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain is 25;
(3) Adding 14 times of water into the Chinese medicinal fermented material, stirring at 45 deg.C for 1.2 hr, standing, and centrifuging to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at the temperature of 122 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 1.2h, and carrying out spray drying after the treatment is finished to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor to the bile acid to the palm oil is 75.
Preparation example 6
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, sophora flavescens, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 4;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and a fermentation strain while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then placing under the conditions that the temperature is 33 ℃ and the humidity is 82%, and fermenting for 3d to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain are mixed according to a mass ratio of 50;
(3) Adding 15 times of water into the traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, stirring for 1h at 50 ℃, standing and centrifuging to obtain traditional Chinese medicine extract;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at 124 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 1h, and carrying out spray drying after the treatment is finished to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor to the bile acid to the palm oil is 160.
Comparative preparation example 3
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 2;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and lactobacillus plantarum while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then fermenting for 3d under the conditions that the temperature is 27 ℃ and the humidity is 68% to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermented material, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine powder to the water to the magnesium sulfate to the lactobacillus plantarum is 50;
(3) Adding 10 times of water into the traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, stirring for 2h at the temperature of 30 ℃, standing and centrifuging to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine extract;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at 118 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 2 hours, and carrying out spray drying after the treatment is finished to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor to the bile acid to the palm oil is 60.
Comparative preparation example 4
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 2;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and aspergillus niger while stirring, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then fermenting for 3d under the conditions that the temperature is 27 ℃ and the humidity is 68% to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine powder to the water to the magnesium sulfate to the aspergillus niger is 50;
(3) Adding 10 times of water into the traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, stirring for 2h at the temperature of 30 ℃, standing and centrifuging to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine extract;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at 118 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 2 hours, and carrying out spray drying after the treatment is finished to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor to the bile acid to the palm oil is 60.
Comparative preparation example 5
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 2;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder, stirring and dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and a fermentation strain while stirring, uniformly stirring and mixing, and then placing under the conditions that the temperature is 27 ℃ and the humidity is 68% for fermentation for 3d to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine fermentation material, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain are mixed according to a mass ratio of 50;
(3) Adding 10 times of water into the Chinese medicinal fermented material, stirring at 30 deg.C for 2 hr, standing, and centrifuging to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
(4) Placing the Chinese medicinal leaching solution at 118 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 2 hr, and spray drying to obtain Chinese medicinal additive.
Comparative preparation example 6
The traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing the coptis chinensis, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the folium isatidis and the eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 2;
(2) Adding water into the traditional Chinese medicine powder according to a mass ratio of 1;
(3) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the traditional Chinese medicine decoction, stirring and dispersing uniformly, placing at 118 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and dispersion treatment for 2h, and carrying out spray drying after the treatment is finished to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine additive, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction to the bile acid to the palm oil is 60.
Preparation examples 7-11 and comparative preparation example 7 provide methods for preparing oxidized starch hydrogels.
Preparation example 7
The oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 2.7 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) According to the mass ratio of 10;
(3) Adding ferulic acid into the oxidized starch mixed solution, stirring and mixing for 10min, adding sodium alginate, and continuously stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the ferulic acid to the sodium alginate is (6).
Preparation example 8
The oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 2.9 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) Stirring and dispersing the corn starch, the hydrogen peroxide and the acidic solution according to a mass ratio of 10;
(3) Adding ferulic acid into the oxidized starch mixed solution, stirring and mixing for 12min, adding sodium alginate, continuously stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the ferulic acid to the sodium alginate is 7.
Preparation example 9
The oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 3.1 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) Stirring and dispersing the corn starch, the hydrogen peroxide and the acidic solution according to a mass ratio of 20;
(3) Adding ferulic acid into the oxidized starch mixed solution, stirring and mixing for 15min, adding sodium alginate, continuously stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the ferulic acid to the sodium alginate is 15.
Preparation example 10
The oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 3.3 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) According to the mass ratio of 5;
(3) Adding ferulic acid into the oxidized starch mixed solution, stirring and mixing for 18min, adding sodium alginate, continuously stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the ferulic acid to the sodium alginate is 8.
Preparation example 11
The oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 3.5 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) According to the mass ratio of 5;
(3) Adding ferulic acid into the oxidized starch mixed solution, stirring and mixing for 20min, adding sodium alginate, and continuously stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the ferulic acid to the sodium alginate is (9).
Comparative preparation example 7
The oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 2.7 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) Stirring and dispersing the corn starch, the hydrogen peroxide and the acidic solution according to a mass ratio of 10;
(3) And adding sodium alginate into the oxidized starch mixed solution, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the sodium alginate is 6.
Examples 1-8 provide a micropterus salmoides aquaculture feed and a method of making the same.
Example 1
The micropterus salmoides breeding feed comprises the following raw materials: 20kg of fish meal, 48kg of fermented soybean meal, 30kg of functional additive, 17kg of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 8kg of oxidized starch hydrogel;
wherein, the functional additive is prepared by the preparation 1; the traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the preparation example 2; an oxidized starch hydrogel was prepared from preparation example 7.
A preparation method of a micropterus salmoides breeding feed specifically comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, weighing raw materials of fish meal, fermented soybean meal, a functional additive, a traditional Chinese medicine additive and oxidized starch hydrogel in parts by weight;
s2, uniformly stirring and mixing the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, controlling the microwave power to be 400W and the temperature to be 73 ℃, and performing microwave sterilization for 3min to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding oxidized starch hydrogel with the mass of 1/3 into the mixture for granulation to obtain spherulites I;
s4, uniformly spraying the residual oxidized starch hydrogel on the surface of the spherulite I, adding the functional additive, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain the micropterus salmoides culture feed.
Examples 2-8, similar to example 1, differ only in the selection of raw materials or sterilization conditions, as detailed in Table 1.
Table 1:
Figure BDA0003860063880000101
in order to verify the performance of the micropterus salmoides breeding feed prepared in the examples 1-8 of the present application, the applicant sets up comparative examples 1-10, which are as follows:
comparative example 1
The same as example 1 except that the functional additive in preparation example 1 was replaced with the functional additive in comparative preparation example 1.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1 except that the functional additive in preparation example 1 was replaced with the functional additive in comparative preparation example 2.
Comparative example 3
The same as example 1 except that the herbal additive of preparation example 2 was replaced with the herbal additive of comparative preparation example 3.
Comparative example 4
The same as example 1 except that the herbal additive of preparation example 2 was replaced with the herbal additive of comparative preparation example 4.
Comparative example 5
The same as example 1 except that the herbal additive of preparation example 2 was replaced with the herbal additive of comparative preparation example 5.
Comparative example 6
The same as example 1, except that the herbal additive of preparation example 2 was replaced with the herbal additive of comparative preparation example 6.
Comparative example 7
The same as in example 1 except that the oxidized starch hydrogel in production example 7 was replaced with the oxidized starch hydrogel in comparative production example 7.
Comparative example 8
The difference from the example 1 is that the preparation method of the micropterus salmoides breeding feed specifically comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, weighing raw materials of fish meal, fermented soybean meal, a functional additive, a traditional Chinese medicine additive and oxidized starch hydrogel in parts by weight;
s2, uniformly stirring and mixing the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, controlling the microwave power to be 400W and the temperature to be 73 ℃, and performing microwave sterilization for 3min to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding a functional additive and oxidized starch hydrogel with the mass of 1/3 into the mixture, and granulating to obtain a spherical particle I;
and S4, uniformly spraying the residual oxidized starch hydrogel on the surface of the spherulite I to obtain the micropterus salmoides culture feed.
Comparative example 9
The difference is that the raw materials do not contain functional additives, as in example 1; the preparation method of the micropterus salmoides breeding feed specifically comprises the following preparation steps:
s1, weighing raw materials of fish meal, fermented soybean meal, a traditional Chinese medicine additive and oxidized starch hydrogel in parts by weight;
s2, uniformly stirring and mixing the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, controlling the microwave power to be 400W and the temperature to be 73 ℃, and performing microwave sterilization for 3min to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding oxidized starch hydrogel with the mass of 1/3 into the mixture for granulation to obtain spherulites I;
s4, uniformly spraying the residual oxidized starch hydrogel on the surface of the spherulite I to obtain the micropterus salmoides culture feed.
Comparative example 10
The common micropterus salmoides feed is prepared by mixing 19kg of yeast powder, 6kg of shrimp powder, 34kg of fish meal, 5kg of chicken meal, 30kg of soybean meal, 3kg of fish oil, 1.5kg of liquid phospholipid and 1.5kg of monocalcium phosphate and then granulating.
Micropterus salmoides culture experiment
Selecting 21600 pieces of micropterus salmoides with uniform size from the same purchased micropterus salmoides fry, and randomly distributing to 18 water bodies with the area of 2m 3 1200 tails of each cultivation box; after the fry is domesticated by fish paste for 5 days, dead fish and diseased fish are picked out, 1000 pieces of good-growing micropterus salmoides are left in each breeding box, and the breeding feed of the micropterus salmoides prepared in the application examples 1-8 and the comparative examples 1-10 is started to be fed respectively, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 8 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding period of the feed is 8 weeks. The aquaculture water environment and the growth condition of the weever are detected, and the obtained results are shown in the following table 2.
Table 2:
Figure BDA0003860063880000121
Figure BDA0003860063880000131
note: the survival rate is as follows: dividing the number of the live weever by the number of the initial weever (1000 weevers) after the feeding period of 8 weeks is finished;
the bait coefficient is as follows: after the 8-week feeding period, dividing the total consumed feed amount by the total weight gain amount of the weever (the initial weight of the weever is calculated from the day of feed feeding);
the change rate of the ammonia nitrogen content of the water body is as follows: after the feeding period of 8 weeks is finished, dividing the measured ammonia nitrogen content of the water body by the ammonia nitrogen content of the water body measured on the feed feeding day;
the change rate of the dissolved oxygen of the water body is as follows: and after the 8-week raising period is finished, dividing the measured water dissolved oxygen by the water dissolved oxygen measured on the day of feeding the feed.
As can be seen from the data shown in table 2 above: the comprehensive performance of the micropterus salmoides culture feed prepared in the embodiments 1-8 of the application is far better than that of the micropterus salmoides culture feed prepared in the comparative examples 1-10, so that the survival rate of the micropterus salmoides can be remarkably improved, the growth of the micropterus salmoides is promoted, the dissolved oxygen in a water body can be increased, and the water quality environment of the water body is purified.
As can be seen from the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1, 2 and 9, the addition of the functional additive in the application can obviously reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture water body, increase the dissolved oxygen of the water body and improve the water quality of the aquaculture water body while improving the survival rate and the feed coefficient of the weever; when the functional additive is prepared, glyceroglycolipid atomization is adopted for coating, so that the oxidation of other nutrient substances caused by sodium peroxide and peracetic acid in the functional additive in the feed preparation process can be effectively avoided, and the overall performance of the feed is reduced.
From example 1 and comparative examples 3 to 6 it can be seen that: according to the application, lactobacillus plantarum and aspergillus niger are mixed and compounded to serve as a fermentation strain, traditional Chinese medicine powder is mixed and fermented and then added with bile acid and palm oil to prepare the traditional Chinese medicine additive, and compared with the traditional Chinese medicine additive prepared by fermenting or fermenting single strain or mixing the traditional Chinese medicine additive with the bile acid and the palm oil, the traditional Chinese medicine additive is added into the feed, so that the feed has good comprehensive performance.
From example 1 and comparative example 7 it can be seen that: according to the application, the oxidized starch is firstly added with the ferulic acid and mixed, and then is blended with the sodium alginate to prepare the oxidized starch hydrogel, and the addition of the ferulic acid can further improve the feed utilization rate and improve the feed coefficient.
From example 1 and comparative example 8, it can be seen that: the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive are mixed and granulated, then coated by oxidized starch hydrogel, finally mixed and granulated with the functional additive to prepare the required feed, and the functional additive is directly mixed and coated, so that the feed prepared by the method has better performance.
From example 1 and comparative example 10, it can be seen that: compared with the common micropterus salmoides breeding feed, the micropterus salmoides breeding feed prepared by the application can obviously improve the survival rate of micropterus salmoides, reduces the feed coefficient, and has the effects of purifying water body water quality and increasing the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The micropterus salmoides breeding feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fish meal, 48-65 parts of fermented soybean meal, 30-50 parts of functional additive, 17-22 parts of traditional Chinese medicine additive and 8-15 parts of oxidized starch hydrogel;
the functional additive is prepared by compounding zeolite powder, sodium peroxide, peroxyacetic acid and glyceroglycolipid in a mass ratio of 15.
2. The micropterus salmoides aquaculture feed of claim 1, wherein the functional additive is prepared by the following method: firstly, zeolite powder is used for loading sodium peroxide and peracetic acid to obtain loaded zeolite powder; and then, the glyceroglycolipid is atomized and coated on the surface of the supported zeolite powder, and a continuous isolating layer is formed on the surface of the supported zeolite powder, so that the functional additive is obtained.
3. The micropterus salmoides cultivation feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine additive is prepared by the following method:
(1) Mixing and crushing coptis chinensis, radix sophorae flavescentis, folium isatidis and eucommia ulmoides according to a mass ratio of 2-4;
(2) Adding water into the Chinese medicinal powder, stirring, dispersing, adding magnesium sulfate and fermentation strain under stirring, mixing, and fermenting at 27-33 deg.C and humidity of 68-82% for 3-5d to obtain Chinese medicinal fermented material;
(3) Adding 10-15 times of water into the Chinese medicinal fermented material, stirring at 30-50 deg.C for 1-2 hr, standing, and centrifuging to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
(4) Adding bile acid and palm oil into the Chinese medicinal leaching solution, stirring, dispersing, placing at 118-124 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, dispersing for 1-2 hr, and spray drying to obtain Chinese medicinal additive.
4. The micropterus salmoides cultivation feed according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, the water, the magnesium sulfate and the fermentation strain in the step (2) is 50-150.
5. The micropterus salmoides aquaculture feed of claim 4, wherein the fermentation strain is formed by mixing Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 4-7.
6. The micropterus salmoides cultivation feed of claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the Chinese medicine leaching liquor, the bile acid and the palm oil in the step (4) is 120-160.
7. The micropterus salmoides aquaculture feed of claim 1, wherein the oxidized starch hydrogel is prepared by the following method:
(1) Adding dilute hydrochloric acid into water to adjust the pH value to 2.7-3.5 to obtain an acid solution;
(2) 32-40, stirring and dispersing the corn starch, the hydrogen peroxide and the acidic solution according to a mass ratio of 10;
(3) Adding ferulic acid into the oxidized starch mixed solution, stirring and mixing for 10-20min, adding sodium alginate, continuously stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the required oxidized starch hydrogel, wherein the mass ratio of the oxidized starch mixed solution to the ferulic acid to the sodium alginate is (6-9).
8. The micropterus salmoides cultivation feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the micropterus salmoides cultivation feed further comprises 1-7 parts of raw material earthworm powder.
9. The preparation method of the micropterus salmoides cultivation feed as claimed in claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
s1, weighing raw materials of fish meal, fermented soybean meal, a functional additive, a traditional Chinese medicine additive and oxidized starch hydrogel in parts by weight;
s2, uniformly stirring and mixing the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal and the traditional Chinese medicine additive, and then performing microwave sterilization to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding oxidized starch hydrogel with the mass of 1/3 into the mixture for granulation to obtain spherulites I;
and S4, uniformly spraying the residual oxidized starch hydrogel on the surface of the spherulite I, adding the functional additive, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain the required micropterus salmoides culture feed.
10. The preparation method of the micropterus salmoides cultivation feed as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the raw materials in step S1 further comprise earthworm powder, in step S2, the fish meal, the fermented soybean meal, the traditional Chinese medicine additive and the earthworm powder are stirred and mixed uniformly, and then are subjected to microwave sterilization to obtain a mixture.
CN202211161217.1A 2022-09-23 2022-09-23 Micropterus salmoides breeding feed and preparation method thereof Withdrawn CN115606713A (en)

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