CN115606482A - Irrigation maintenance system for railway roadbed slope and method thereof - Google Patents
Irrigation maintenance system for railway roadbed slope and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115606482A CN115606482A CN202211394699.5A CN202211394699A CN115606482A CN 115606482 A CN115606482 A CN 115606482A CN 202211394699 A CN202211394699 A CN 202211394699A CN 115606482 A CN115606482 A CN 115606482A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
Abstract
An irrigation maintenance system for a railway roadbed slope is formulated by comprehensively considering plant water demand, soil humidity and weather conditions; plant water demand landscape plant water demand under water stress conditions is considered, including: the irrigation maintenance system comprises a drip irrigation system, a rainwater collection system and an irrigation control system; the invention has the following advantages: an irrigation scheme is formulated based on water demand of plants, soil humidity and weather conditions, so that the purpose of efficient and economical irrigation is achieved; drip irrigation pipelines are introduced, so that the uniformity and the economy of slope irrigation are realized, and potential safety hazards brought to railways by measures such as spray irrigation and the like are avoided; a rainwater collection system is established, so that rainfall is efficiently utilized, the frequency of manual water delivery is reduced, and the workload is reduced; the automatic irrigation is realized through an irrigation control system, the intelligent control of a mobile phone can be realized by utilizing a wireless local area network, and the watering frequency, the watering time and the like are remotely set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system, in particular to an irrigation maintenance system for a railway foundation side slope and a method thereof, and belongs to the field of side slope ecological protection.
Background
The railway roadbed side slope ecological protection is an important measure for creating a railway green gallery and aims to achieve the aims of fixing soil, protecting slope and improving environment through the mechanical reinforcement effect of a plant root system and the hydrological effect of aboveground organisms. The three-division planting and the seven-division management, and the timely and in-place maintenance management in the initial stage are the necessary conditions for the high quality of the ecological protection of the railway side slope. At present, the early slope effect is over-concerned in the railway roadbed slope ecological protection engineering, plants are required to quickly cover the slope to achieve the quick greening effect, and the early-stage maintenance link of slope vegetation is neglected, so that the phenomena of 'one-year green, two-year yellow and three-year dead light' appear in part of slope ecological protection areas; the existing slope ecological protection technology mostly adopts a manual maintenance mode, and the vegetation maintenance of a comprehensive system can not be carried out within the time of operating a skylight of a railway; the railway roadbed slope ecological protection and maintenance technology is still in a starting stage, and the researches on the aspects of selection of an irrigation mode, determination of irrigation time and irrigation quantity, selection and application of an intelligent technology and the like are less; therefore, the railway roadbed slope ecological protection irrigation maintenance scheme and the maintenance mode are to be further perfected. The railway operation has dense traveling, short skylight time and difficult manual maintenance, and an appropriate irrigation maintenance scheme needs to be provided by combining the railway characteristics to ensure the long-term growth effect of the slope vegetation.
The existing railway slope ecological protection irrigation and maintenance modes mainly comprise watering vehicle irrigation and maintenance and manual water feeding sprinkling irrigation/drip irrigation.
Watering and maintaining by a watering cart: the watering lorry is berthhed in the side slope below, uses the injection water pipe to be connected with the water tank, sprays water to the side slope domatic through pressure, along with the vehicle removes the expansion that realizes irrigation range.
Manual water delivery drip irrigation/sprinkling irrigation: pipeline is arranged on the slope surface of the side slope, a water delivery main pipeline is arranged, the water delivery vehicle is connected with the water delivery main pipeline above the side slope, and the water delivery is pressurized to realize drip irrigation/sprinkling irrigation. The method is applied to the intercity railway engineering of Jingzhang high-iron and Jingzhong. The Jingxiong intercity railway adopts a simple sprinkling irrigation system, water pipes are uniformly distributed along the slope surface with inclined height, and slope irrigation is carried out according to the slope surface soil humidity and weather conditions. Reference paper: ecological protection technology for spraying and sowing high-speed railway roadbed slope fiber aggregates. However, the prior art has the following disadvantages: the watering car has large loss of the watering water amount, poor root absorption effect and uneven watering; the manual maintenance mode of the watering cart is influenced by factors such as the time of a high-speed rail skylight and the like; the manual water delivery drip irrigation/sprinkling irrigation needs to deliver irrigation water regularly, and the workload is large; the automation degree is low, the pressure is low during drip irrigation, and the problems of hole blockage and the like easily occur for a long time; pressure is great during the sprinkling irrigation, but the pressure control degree is relatively poor, if too big irrigation water of pressure probably sprays the circuit even contact net, brings very big potential safety hazard for railway operation.
In addition, in the prior art, CN110178698A discloses a water-saving irrigation system, which comprises a rainwater collecting device, a nutrition fertilizing device, an energy-saving device, a drip irrigation device and a control box, wherein the rainwater collecting device comprises a rainwater collecting pool, the top of the rainwater collecting pool is provided with a water inlet pipe, and the lower end of the water inlet pipe is provided with a buoyancy ball valve; the drip irrigation device comprises a main pipe and a humidity sensor, the main pipe is connected with a plurality of branch pipes at equal intervals, drip irrigation devices are uniformly arranged on the branch pipes, and the humidity sensor is electrically connected with a control box; the invention also discloses an irrigation method of the water-saving irrigation system.
CN105145286A discloses a rainwater collection and unpowered intelligent irrigation system for building ecological greening roof. The intelligent planting system comprises a water storage system, a rainwater collecting system, a planting module system and an unpowered intelligent irrigation system, wherein the water storage system comprises two water storage tanks and a communicating pipe, the two water storage tanks are arranged on a roof, communicating holes are formed in the bottoms of the water storage tanks, the rainwater collecting system comprises a rainwater collecting plate and a support, the rainwater collecting plate is fixed on the support, the support is fixed on the roof, and the planting module system comprises a vegetable layer, a planting soil layer, a filter layer, a water storage and drainage layer, a root blocking layer, a roof structure layer and a planting layer supporting plate; the irrigation system comprises a water supply pipe, a drip irrigation pipe, a dropper spray head, a humidity sensor, a control valve and a control module.
CN210113885U discloses a water-saving irrigation system, comprising a rainwater collecting device, a nutrition fertilizing device, an energy-saving device, a drip irrigation device and a control box, wherein the rainwater collecting device comprises a rainwater collecting pool, the top of the rainwater collecting pool is provided with a water inlet pipe, and the lower end of the water inlet pipe is provided with a buoyancy ball valve; the drip irrigation device comprises a main pipe and a humidity sensor, the main pipe is connected with a plurality of branch pipes at equal intervals, drip irrigation devices are uniformly arranged on the branch pipes, and the humidity sensor is electrically connected with a control box; the utility model also discloses a water-saving irrigation system's irrigation method.
CN106718364A discloses a roof rainwater retention multi-arch structure and green roof intelligent irrigation system, relates to the technical field of roof rainwater source emission reduction and control utilization, and is a method suitable for roof rainwater collection retention, runoff regulation and control and green building roof design. This roofing rainwater is detained even arch structure and green roof intelligent irrigation system includes that the rainwater collects delay system, green roof irrigation system and intelligence control system. The rainwater collecting and retaining system is used for collecting and storing atmospheric precipitation which is divided by the arch-shaped rainwater collecting plate; the intelligent control system is used for receiving signals of various sensors to realize the cooperative work of the systems; the green roof irrigation system is used for completing water supply irrigation operation according to soil humidity and plant water demand.
CN110839515A discloses a micro-seepage moisture-retention maintenance method for greening high-speed rail along the line, which is characterized in that an intercommunicating water-retention device comprising a road shoulder drainage ditch, a slope drainage ditch, a water dispersion slope, a toe drainage ditch, an impurity filter and a first water-retention cellar is built along the line of the high-speed rail, or a micro-seepage moisture-retention water supply device comprising a road shoulder drainage ditch, a slope drainage ditch, a water dispersion slope, a toe drainage ditch, an impurity filter, a controller, a liquid level meter, a road shoulder water supply pipe, a soil humidity sensor, a second water-retention cellar and a micro-seepage moisture-retention pipe network is built, rainfall is collected into the water-retention cellar through a drainage facility and stored, when no rainfall exists, the transported water is injected into the water-retention cellar, the water stored in the water-retention cellar can be directly pumped out for irrigation, or a water supply pump is controlled by the controller to supply water according to a signal sent by the soil humidity sensor, and the micro-infiltration water is subjected to micro-retention irrigation through the micro-retention pipe network.
However, the prior art does not consider setting the water demand of plants, the soil humidity and the weather condition; the plant water demand is considered under the condition of water stress, and a drip irrigation pipeline cannot be used, so that the uniformity and economy of slope irrigation are realized, and the railway safety problem possibly caused by spray irrigation is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention designs an irrigation and maintenance system for a railway roadbed slope, which has the technical scheme as follows:
the irrigation maintenance system comprises a drip irrigation system, a rainwater collection system and an irrigation control system; it is characterized in that:
the drip irrigation system comprises a drip irrigation pipe and an electromagnetic valve; the drip irrigation pipe joint adopts a pressure compensation type dripper; the electromagnetic valve is a terminal for realizing automatic irrigation control;
the rainwater collection system comprises a water collection structure and a water suction pump; the water collecting structure can be divided into a water cellar and a reservoir; the volume design of the water collection structure is determined according to the principle and the technology of water supply and demand balance, the economic and reasonable principle and the terrain, the soil texture and the construction conditions.
The irrigation control system comprises a controller and temperature, humidity and rainfall sensors; the temperature, humidity and rainfall sensors are connected with the irrigation system controller to automatically open or close the irrigation system according to the soil humidity and weather conditions; the controller can realize the intelligent control of cell-phone through wireless LAN, and the long-range frequency of watering, the time of watering of setting up can look up the humidity information of soil simultaneously.
The invention also discloses an irrigation maintenance method for the railway roadbed slope, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the water demand of the plants, the soil humidity and the weather condition are comprehensively considered to be set; the plant water demand takes into account the water demand of garden plants under the condition of water stress, and the calculation formula is as follows:
ks is a soil water stress coefficient, and the value range is 0-1; k L The garden coefficient is obtained; ET 0 Reference crop evapotranspiration, mm/d;
step 2: according to the water demand calculation result, considering the distance between the drippers of the drip irrigation pipe and the flow of each dripper, and setting irrigation time, irrigation frequency and irrigation area in an irrigation control system; irrigation is automatically executed according to set parameters;
and 3, step 3: optimizing and adjusting an irrigation scheme based on soil humidity and temperature sensors; when the temperature rises and the soil humidity is lower, the control system can automatically open the irrigation valve to keep the soil humidity to meet the plant growth requirement. If rainy weather appears in the irrigation process, the rainfall sensor can feed back to the control system automatic closing irrigation valve, and the purpose of saving irrigation water is realized.
Advantageous effects
1. The drip irrigation pipeline is used, so that the uniformity and the economy of slope irrigation are realized, and the railway safety problem possibly caused by spray irrigation is avoided;
2. an automatic irrigation system is used, so that the automation degree of irrigation and maintenance is improved, and the influence of the operation time of a high-speed rail skylight is avoided;
3. a rainwater collection system is established, so that the manual water supply frequency is reduced, and the workload is reduced;
4. and an irrigation scheme considering the water demand of plants, the soil humidity and the weather condition is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The irrigation maintenance system comprises a drip irrigation system, a rainwater collection system, an irrigation control system and the like.
The drip irrigation system mainly comprises a drip irrigation pipe and an electromagnetic valve. The pressure of the drip irrigation pipe is small, the flexibility is good, the pressure compensation type drippers are embedded, the watering uniformity is guaranteed, holes are not easy to block, the distance between the drippers is 30cm, the pressure bearing range of the drip irrigation pipe is 0.7-4.0bar, and the flow of the drippers depends on the system pressure and is usually 1.6-3.5L/h. The line layout scheme is determined by combining the irrigation range of the drip irrigation pipe, and is usually 50-80cm. The electromagnetic valve is a terminal for realizing automatic irrigation control.
The rainwater collection system mainly comprises a water collection structure and a water suction pump. The water collecting structure can be divided into a water cellar and a water reservoir. The water cellars have various forms, and the cement mortar thin-wall cellars, concrete covered cellars, plain concrete ribbed covered cellars, concrete spherical cellars, brick arched cellars, kiln cellars and the like are mainly used at present; the water reservoirs are divided into 3 types of common water reservoirs, pressure regulating water reservoirs and waterlogging ponds. The volume design of the water collection structure is determined according to the principle and the technology of water supply and demand balance, the economic and reasonable principle and the terrain, the soil texture, the construction conditions and the like.
The irrigation control system comprises a controller and a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a rainfall sensor. The temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the rainfall sensor are connected with an irrigation system controller, and the controller automatically opens or closes the irrigation system according to soil humidity and weather conditions by controlling the electromagnetic valve. The controller can set different irrigation schemes including setting irrigation area, irrigation time, irrigation frequency, etc. The intelligent control of cell-phone can be realized through wireless LAN, and the long-range irrigation area that sets up, the frequency of watering, the time of watering etc. can look up the humidity information of soil simultaneously.
Irrigation scheme
Excessive irrigation not only causes water resource waste, but also aggravates slope scouring; the slope is in a drought stress environment for a long time, plant growth is influenced, even death is caused, and the significance of slope ecological protection cannot be achieved, so that the water utilization efficiency needs to be improved, and an irrigation scheme needs to be formulated by considering the water demand of slope plants.
The irrigation scheme is formulated by comprehensively considering the water demand of plants, the soil humidity and the weather condition. The water demand of the plants is calculated by considering the water demand of garden plants under the condition of water stress, and the calculation formula is as follows.
Ks is a soil water stress coefficient, which shows the influence of water deficiency on crop transpiration, and the value range is 0-1; k L The values for the garden coefficient are shown in table 1 below; ET 0 For reference crop evapotranspiration, mm/d, the maximum range values for reference crop evapotranspiration under several climatic conditions are given in table 2 below. The irrigation water consumption of the slope plants can be determined based on the method.
TABLE 1 different types of plant slopes K L Value taking
TABLE 2 reference crop evapotranspiration
And according to the results of water demand calculation and the like, considering the distance between the drippers of the drip irrigation pipe and the flow of each dripper, and setting irrigation time, irrigation frequency and irrigation area in an irrigation control system. Irrigation is automatically executed according to set parameters.
Based on soil humidity and temperature sensors, the irrigation scheme can be optimized and adjusted. When the temperature rises and the soil humidity is lower, the control system can automatically open the irrigation valve to keep the soil humidity to meet the plant growth requirement. If rainy weather appears in the irrigation process, the rainfall sensor can feed back to the control system to automatically close the irrigation valve, so that the purpose of saving irrigation water is realized.
Example (b):
the area of a green area at a suburb of the iron department hospital is about 620m 2 The area 1 is a long and narrow section with the length of about 130m, the width of the widest part of 2.6m and the area of about 250m 2 (ii) a Region 2 and region 3 are relatively regular in shape and have an area of 370m 2 . The irrigation scheme is determined by adopting the irrigation water demand calculation method.
According to the research of related documents, ks is the value of the soil water stress coefficient of 1.0 L The garden system is 0.7, and the calculation is carried out by substituting the formula to obtain Etc =5.3mm/d and the greening area 620m 2 Therefore, the daily water demand of the suburb greening area is 3m 3 . The length of a pipeline laid in a greening area is 1050m, the distance between drippers is 30cm, and the flow of each dripper is 1.6L/h. Therefore, the watering time in summer needs to be set to 30min, and the requirement of water demand can be met.
By adopting the irrigation scheme, the plant growth effect is good, and the phenomenon of water shortage and drying does not occur.
The plant water demand calculation formula source:
agriculture generally uses a modified water demand crop coefficient method to calculate the crop water demand.
Kc is a crop coefficient, is a reflection of the biological characteristics of crops and is related to factors such as crop species, growth period, population leaf area index and the like; ks is a soil water stress coefficient which shows the influence of water deficiency on crop transpiration; ETo is the reference crop evapotranspiration, mm/d.
Qiu reservoir et al have proposed the gardens coefficient method and have calculated landscape plant water demand.
PWR is garden plant water demand; ETo is the reference crop evapotranspiration, mm/d; k L And the garden coefficient.
According to the formulas (1) and (2), the water requirement of the garden plants under the water stress condition can be calculated as follows:
the invention has the following advantages:
1. an irrigation scheme is formulated based on water demand of plants, soil humidity and weather conditions, so that the purpose of efficient and economical irrigation is achieved.
2. And a drip irrigation pipeline is introduced, so that the uniformity and the economy of slope irrigation are realized, and potential safety hazards brought to railways by measures such as spray irrigation and the like are avoided.
3. A rainwater collection system is established, so that rainfall is efficiently utilized, the frequency of manual water delivery is reduced, and the workload is reduced;
4. the automatic irrigation is realized through an irrigation control system, the intelligent control of a mobile phone can be realized by utilizing a wireless local area network, and the watering frequency, the watering time and the like are remotely set.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. An irrigation maintenance system for a railroad bed slope, comprising: the irrigation maintenance system comprises a drip irrigation system, a rainwater collection system and an irrigation control system; it is characterized in that:
the drip irrigation system comprises a drip irrigation pipe and an electromagnetic valve; the drip irrigation pipe joint adopts a pressure compensation type dripper; the electromagnetic valve is a terminal for realizing automatic irrigation control;
the rainwater collection system comprises a water collection structure and a water suction pump;
the irrigation control system comprises a controller and temperature, humidity and rainfall sensors; the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the rainfall sensor are connected with the irrigation system controller, so that the irrigation system can be automatically opened or closed according to the soil humidity and the weather condition.
2. The irrigation and maintenance system for the roadbed slope according to claim 1, wherein: the water collecting structure is divided into a water cellar and a reservoir; the volume design of the water collection structure is determined according to the principle and the technology of water supply and demand balance, the economic and reasonable principle and the terrain, the soil texture and the construction conditions.
3. The irrigation and maintenance system for the roadbed slope according to claim 1, wherein: the controller can realize the intelligent control of the mobile phone through a wireless local area network, remotely set the watering frequency and the watering time, and simultaneously look up the humidity information of the soil.
4. An irrigation maintenance method for a railroad bed slope, comprising the irrigation maintenance system for a railroad bed slope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the water demand of the plants, the soil humidity and the weather condition are comprehensively considered to be set; the water demand of the plants considers the water demand of garden plants under the condition of water stress, and the calculation formula is as follows:
ks is a soil water stress coefficient, and the value range is 0-1; k L The garden coefficient is obtained; ET 0 Mm is taken as the reference for the evapotranspiration of the cropd；
Step 2: according to the water demand calculation result, considering the distance between the drippers of the drip irrigation pipe and the flow of each dripper, and setting irrigation time, irrigation frequency and irrigation area in an irrigation control system; irrigation is automatically executed according to set parameters;
and 3, step 3: based on soil humidity and temperature sensors, the irrigation scheme is optimized and adjusted; when the temperature rises and the soil humidity is lower, the control system can automatically open the irrigation valve to keep the soil humidity to meet the plant growth requirement.
5. The irrigation maintenance method for the railroad bed side slope according to claim 4, wherein: if rainy weather appears in the irrigation process, the rainfall sensor can feed back to the control system to automatically close the irrigation valve, so that the purpose of saving irrigation water is realized.
6. A non-volatile storage medium, comprising a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, controls an apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is located to perform the method of claim 4.
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