CN115592566B - Face gear worm grinding wheel continuous trimming interference inspection method - Google Patents
Face gear worm grinding wheel continuous trimming interference inspection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115592566B CN115592566B CN202211281908.5A CN202211281908A CN115592566B CN 115592566 B CN115592566 B CN 115592566B CN 202211281908 A CN202211281908 A CN 202211281908A CN 115592566 B CN115592566 B CN 115592566B
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- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010862 gear shaping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
- B24B53/07—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels by means of forming tools having a shape complementary to that to be produced, e.g. blocks, profile rolls
Abstract
The invention discloses a face gear worm grinding wheel continuous trimming interference checking method, and belongs to the field of gear manufacturing. The method has the advantages that the interference phenomenon existing during continuous trimming of the worm grinding wheel is described, the influence on the machining of the face gear caused by interference is avoided, a reasonable continuous trimming mode in forming trimming is also described, and a method for checking whether interference occurs in continuous trimming by utilizing solidworks is also provided. And (3) providing a calculation formula of a recommended center distance difference recommended value in continuous processing by utilizing the characteristics generated by interference, and verifying the calculation formula by using a proposed checking method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gear manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for checking interference of a straight tooth surface gear worm grinding wheel in continuous trimming aiming at continuous trimming of the gear worm grinding wheel.
Background
The face gear is a vital transmission part in the aeroengine, has the advantages of good contact performance, compact structure, large transmission ratio and the like, and cannot be replaced by a bevel gear pair with the same transmission mode. The transmission pair has the characteristics of higher reliability, low noise and high functional power density, so that the transmission pair can be widely applied to various high-speed and heavy-load working conditions. At present, the finish machining process of face gears in China is still not widely applied in the research and development stage, and particularly, the grinding process with important significance for tooth surface precision is still not widely applied, and has the difficulty of characteristic analysis and manufacture of grinding wheels.
Compared with other grinding processes, the worm grinding wheel grinding process has higher efficiency and no principle error, and can avoid the problems of uncontrollable pitch error and the like. For face gear worm grinding wheel grinding, LIVITIN and the like, various types of worm grinding wheel grinding processes of face gears are researched, the worm grinding wheel faces are completely calculated, a worm grinding wheel tooth grinding machine for the face gears is designed, forming trimming and plane trimming methods of the face gear worm grinding wheels are described, and the surface integrity degree during processing of the worm grinding wheels is not deeply considered. Tang Jinyuan of the university of south and middle school and the like are conducted to deeply study the problem, the corresponding relation between the face gear and the upper point of the worm grinding wheel is analyzed, the reasons and rules of the generation of singular points are discussed, a multi-step progressive grinding method is provided, the ground face gear is good in integrity, and the feasibility of worm grinding wheel grinding is further verified. Fan Guhui of university of aviation aerospace in Nanjing and the like propose a control method for the allowance in a worm grinding wheel mill and a finishing method after the worm grinding wheel is worn. Among the numerous worm grinding wheel dressing methods, the dressing method based on the forming diamond roller is relatively easy to control and manufacture. Shi Xianlin of the university of south and middle research on the basic principle of face gear worm grinding wheel shaping and dressing and verify feasibility. Chongqing university Ran Quanfu researches a motion control method of a forming roller and a worm grinding wheel when a virtual center distance exists. The above study provides application basis for dressing of worm grinding wheel grinding face gears and worm grinding wheels, but is limited to theoretical design, and the complete design structure of the forming roller and the problems existing in practical dressing are not discussed. In particular, there is no detailed solution to the problem of interference of the grinding wheel during dressing. Therefore, the development of the method for inspecting the worm grinding wheel of the face gear has important significance for improving the processing precision of the face gear and developing and perfecting domestic face gear processing equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a face gear worm grinding wheel continuous trimming interference checking method.
A face gear worm grinding wheel continuous trimming interference checking method adopts a movement mode of forming trimming, uses a forming roller to trim the face gear worm grinding wheel enveloped and formed by a straight tooth forming wheel, generates interference in continuous trimming, adopts a continuous trimming mode, adopts a solidworks simulation to observe specific interference generation reasons for reducing the interference, and provides a method for avoiding the influence of the interference on a face gear.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the face gear worm grinding wheel is drum-shaped, and the worm grinding wheel entity with larger outer diameter cannot completely contain the worm grinding wheel entity with smaller outer diameter in continuous dressing, so that interference can be generated in continuous dressing, and the interference can gradually disappear from the middle to the two sides along with the increase of the interval in continuous dressing.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the working mode of the grinding wheel which is kept motionless and swung by the roller is adopted for reducing interference when continuously trimming the worm grinding wheel, and the mode needs to change the linkage relation of the swinging of the worm grinding wheel while reducing the center distance of the grinding wheel roller during continuous trimming, so that the interference is reduced as much as possible.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the steps of adopting the solidworks simulation to observe the specific interference are as follows: firstly, after the outer circle of a blank is generated, by utilizing the lofting and cutting functions of the solidworks, a complete worm grinding wheel is cut out through rolling profile shapes at different positions and spiral lines on the worm grinding wheel, then, after the outer circle is cut off by taking the worm grinding wheel as the blank, a new profile position and the spiral lines are generated again and cut off to simulate a continuous trimming process, and the surface of a final model is observed to judge whether interference can be generated in the trimming process.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, in order to avoid interference to influence the face gear and improve the utilization efficiency of the grinding wheel, according to a worm grinding wheel equation, a formula for calculating a reasonable center distance difference is provided:
in phi s0 For the maximum grinding wheel angle theta corresponding to the two sides of the worm grinding wheel s0 The tooth surface angle corresponding to the tooth root of the grinding wheel is E is the center distance between the profile wheel and the worm grinding wheel, delta E is the difference of the center distances between two continuous trimming,is the tooth surface vector of the grinding wheel, theta s ' is the tooth face angle of the grinding wheel tooth face corresponding to the original tooth face focus after continuous trimming.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The trimming mode provided by the invention can minimize the interference phenomenon generated in continuous trimming.
2) The inspection mode provided by the invention can be used for directly and simply observing interference phenomena generated in continuous trimming.
3) By the continuous dressing amount calculating method provided by the invention, the utilization efficiency of the grinding wheel is maximized on the premise that interference phenomenon does not affect the machined gear.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a shaping finishing motion;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of interference of continuous dressing of face gear worm grinding wheels;
FIG. 3 is a simulated interferogram of a grinding wheel model after continuous dressing with a solidwork;
fig. 4 is a three-dimensional model simulation diagram obtained by repeating modeling using a solid works.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
The shape of the face gear worm grinding wheel is quite different from that of a common worm grinding wheel, and the face gear worm grinding wheel is drum-shaped. In the shaping and trimming movement, the roller rotates around the rotation center of the grinding wheel by phi based on the fixed grinding wheel w At the same time, the worm grinding wheel rotates phi around the central axis of the forming wheel s The two angles satisfy the tooth ratio of the forming wheel to the worm. However, in the actual machine tool control, if the roller center is kept still during dressing, the grinding wheel rotates and swings. Because the deflection center is not coincident with the rotation center, the machine tool can only rotate around the center of the grinding wheel, and therefore, the four axes of Y, Z, deflection shaft and rotation shaft are linked when the whole motion control is performed. The movement position difference caused by misalignment of the deflection center is compensated by the linkage of Y, Z and other two axes. The spiral line increment of the target diameter is kept unchanged during continuous processing, and the outer diameter of the grinding wheel is reduced by only changing the center distance between the roller and the grinding wheel and matching with the reduction of the outer circle. When the grinding wheel is continuously processed, the spiral lines of the grinding wheels corresponding to the grinding wheels with different diameters have larger difference, and the continuous processing method can shrink the profile of the cross section of the grinding wheel method towards the center of the forming wheel instead of reducing the center distance E between the forming wheel and the worm grinding wheel. This ensures that only the original wheel shape will cause over-cuts during dressing without affecting the target diameter wheel.
However, in continuous processing, the spiral faces generated by different center distances E are crossed. Namely, two grinding wheels respectively generated by using different center distances, the entity of the grinding wheel with smaller diameter cannot be completely contained in the entity of the grinding wheel with larger diameter, and the working surfaces of the two grinding wheels are crossed, so that the effective tooth surface at the last time of dressing is likely to damage the next tooth surface. The interference caused by continuous processing can continuously disappear from the middle to the two sides along with the increasing of the center distance difference.
If the machine tool can realize the swinging and movement of the trimmer (i.e. the roller), the distance between the center of the roller and the center of the worm is reduced in continuous processing, and the center distance E between the profile wheel and the worm is directly reduced. That is, in the continuous dressing process, the linkage relationship between the rotation of the grinding wheel and the swing of the roller is not changed, and the center distance E can be reduced by changing the initial positional relationship of the two. But this process will increase the interference phenomenon that occurs in the above. This is because in the above dressing method, only the worm wheel face of the last knife will have an influence on the final wheel face, and no new interference will occur in the middle of the two. If the roller swing trimming method is adopted, new interference is continuously generated in the middle process of trimming, the over-cutting amount is increased, and the method for avoiding the over-cutting is not adopted.
Because interference phenomenon of the worm grinding wheel entity in continuous processing cannot be well simulated in other simulation software, a step phenomenon generated by obvious interference on the side surface of the worm grinding wheel after continuous trimming can be seen. The shaping and dressing process of the worm wheel can be seen as being produced by cutting the solid body along a spiral line from the cross section of the roller. The cross section of the roller can be simplified into a closed graph consisting of involute and straight line. The involute equation is as follows:
wherein r is bs Is the radius of the base circle of the gear shaping cutter, theta s Gauss coordinate, θ, of the tooth surface of the generating wheel os The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Z is s The number of teeth of the gear shaper cutter is alpha, and alpha is the pressure angle of the reference circle. The coordinate transformation matrix of the worm grinding wheel and the roller can be obtained by the coordinate transformation relation:
wherein lambda is 0 Is the spiral angle phi of the worm grinding wheel w Is the rotation angle phi of the roller wheel around the rotation center of the grinding wheel s For grinding wheel around wormThe rotation angle of the central shaft of the forming wheel is as follows: phi (phi) w ＝m sw φ s 。m sw For the transmission ratio of the forming wheel and the grinding wheel, the equation (single face) of the worm grinding wheel is obtained as follows:
wherein M is ws In the form of a coordinate transformation matrix,taking phi as the vector of the gear shaping cutter s The coordinates of the rolling profile at different positions on the grinding wheel can be obtained as a fixed value, and theta is taken s A spiral can be obtained for a fixed value. The generated profiles and spiral lines at different positions are led into a solid work, and the complete worm grinding wheel can be obtained by cutting in a blank by using a lofting cutting method. The excircle is cut on the basis of the last worm grinding wheel, and then the new center distance is used for lofting and cutting, so that the continuous trimming process can be simulated and whether interference exists or not can be observed.
Since the interference is generated by the worm shape itself, it cannot be avoided by adjusting the roller shape, if the spiral surface generated by continuously processing two different center distances E is required to have a larger range of inclusion as the difference between E is larger, the larger the range of complete inclusion is. Considering that the machining requirement is that the gap between the utilization efficiency E of the grinding wheels cannot be too large, the worm grinding wheel only needs to ensure that the contact part between the middle gear and the face gear is not over-cut during grinding. The recommended value of deltae should be solved for when no over-cut happens at the edges of the usable range.
When solving the range of the worm grinding wheel contacted with the face gear, taking x from the overlap ratio of the face gear and the worm grinding wheel to ensure certain redundancy 0 =2. Maximum grinding wheel angle phi on two sides s0 The method comprises the following steps:
wherein Z is w Is a wormNumber of heads.
When the over-cutting happens, the tail end of the bigger worm just falls on the surface of the smaller worm grinding wheel, and the corresponding tooth surface angle of the tail end is theta s0 Δe is solved by the following equation:
in phi s0 For the maximum grinding wheel angle theta corresponding to the two sides of the worm grinding wheel s0 The tooth surface angle corresponding to the tooth root of the grinding wheel is E is the center distance between the profile wheel and the worm grinding wheel, delta E is the difference of the center distances between two continuous trimming,is the tooth surface vector of the grinding wheel, theta s ' is the tooth face angle of the grinding wheel tooth face corresponding to the original tooth face focus after continuous trimming.
Examples
The surface gear worm grinding wheel continuous trimming interference checking method of the invention takes the molded trimming surface gear worm grinding wheel as a trimming method, perfects the molding trimming theory, avoids the worm grinding wheel interference in continuous trimming and checks whether the worm grinding wheel interference exists, and the molding trimming movement is shown in figure 1. This embodiment will be designed using the parameters in the following table as an example.
| (symbol) | Meaning of | Numerical value |
| m | Modulus of | 4mm |
| Z s | Gear shaping cutter tooth number | 19 |
| Z w | Number of worm heads | 1 |
| E | Center distance | 97mm |
| φ max | Maximum helix angle of worm | 19° |
| α | Pressure angle | 25° |
| Z 2 | Face gear tooth number | 44 |
| h a | Tooth top coefficient of gear shaper cutter | 1.25 |
Taking the above parameters into the worm wheel equation, taking Δe=1mm gives a digital model of the two worm wheel faces as in fig. 2. It can be observed that the two worm grinding wheel faces in the figure are crossed, which means that interference is indeed possible in principle, but is not easy to observe. Respectively take theta s1 ＝0.7476、θ s2 The =0 is substituted into the equation of the left and right sides of the worm grinding wheel to obtain 4 screwsAnd (5) a rotation line coordinate. Phi is taken at intervals of a certain angle s Substituting into the left and right worm grinding wheel equations in the angles of 19 degrees, 12 degrees, 6 degrees, 0 degrees, 6 degrees, 12 degrees and 19 degrees to obtain 7 pairs of roller profile lines. The point coordinates of the above profile and spiral are saved in text form. Opening the solid works to click on the import curve, and importing all the generated curves into the import curve. Newly building a plane on the roller profile plane, constructing a sketch, and changing the sketch into a closed sketch after properly extending the upper part of the roller.
And selecting a reference surface to construct a sketch, and drawing the cross section of the grinding wheel blank. The outer end line of the cross section is a top circle, the center of the circle is the center of the forming wheel, the radius is the radius of the top circle of the forming wheel tooth, and the blank is manufactured by rotating around a reference axis. And then carrying out lofting excision, selecting a closed rolling profile from lofting excision in a solid works as a curve profile, and selecting a spiral line as a spline curve. During selection, 3 adjacent profiles are selected for one-time lofting, and 4 spiral lines are selected as spline curves, so that lofting accuracy can be improved as much as possible, and the problem that lofting and molding cannot be performed due to overlarge range caused by too many profiles is avoided. If the lofting precision is further improved, the interval angle between the adjacent rolling profiles can be further reduced, lofting excision can be carried out by selecting 2 profiles at a time, and a complete worm grinding wheel can be obtained through the operation steps.
The above steps were repeated to create a new 4 spiral and 7 pairs of profiles for simulating a continuous trimming process with Δe=1 mm, i.e. e=96 mm. The worm grinding wheel generated in the previous step is a new blank, a new outer circular surface is cut out, and then the blank is lofted and cut out by using a newly generated curve, so that a continuously trimmed grinding wheel model is obtained, and the grinding wheel model is shown in figure 3. A significant step in the surface can be seen, demonstrating that the use of this deltae can cause interference.
The following formula is used:
taking θ s0 Let 0 be taken into the equation above to obtain Δe=2.997 mm, to ensure some redundancy to prevent other errors from creating the counter gearThe effect is Δe=3 mm. The method is brought into a worm grinding wheel equation, the curved surfaces of two spiral surfaces in the edge position in the digital model are observed to be free of intersection, interference is proved to be free, and the edge basically proves that the estimated value is reasonable on the spiral surfaces. The modeling process described above is then repeated using a solid works to obtain a three-dimensional model as shown in FIG. 4. In the simulation of the solid works, it can be seen that there is a significant step in the side of the worm wheel that is over-cut before dressing, whereas after modification there is no over-cut on the helicoid, the profile left by the last knife on the side of the termination point can prove to be continuously cut, and the improvement can also prove to be effective.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A face gear worm grinding wheel continuous trimming interference checking method is characterized in that a forming trimming movement mode is adopted, a forming roller is used for trimming the face gear worm grinding wheel formed by enveloping a straight tooth forming wheel, interference can be generated in continuous trimming, in order to reduce the interference, a continuous trimming mode is adopted, a soldworks simulation is adopted for observing specific interference generation reasons, and a method for avoiding the influence of the interference on a face gear is provided;
the face gear worm grinding wheel is drum-shaped, and a worm grinding wheel entity with larger outer diameter cannot completely contain a worm grinding wheel entity with smaller outer diameter in continuous trimming, so that interference can be generated in the continuous trimming of the grinding wheel, and the interference gradually disappears from the middle to the two sides along with the increase of the interval in the continuous trimming;
in order to reduce interference when continuously trimming the worm grinding wheel, a working mode that the grinding wheel is kept motionless and swung is adopted, and the mode needs to change the linkage relation of the swing of the worm grinding wheel while reducing the center distance of the grinding wheel and the roller during continuous trimming;
the steps of adopting the solidworks simulation to observe the specific interference are as follows: firstly, after generating a blank excircle, using a lofting and cutting function of a solidworks, cutting out a complete worm grinding wheel by generating rolling contour shapes at different positions and spiral lines on the worm grinding wheel, then, taking the worm grinding wheel as the blank to cut off the excircle, generating a new contour position and the spiral lines again and cutting off to simulate a continuous trimming process, and observing the surface of a final model to judge whether interference is generated in the trimming process;
in order to avoid interference to influence the face gear and improve the utilization efficiency of the grinding wheel, according to a worm grinding wheel equation, a formula for calculating a reasonable center distance difference is provided:
in phi s0 For the maximum grinding wheel angle theta corresponding to the two sides of the worm grinding wheel s0 The tooth surface angle corresponding to the tooth root of the grinding wheel is E is the center distance between the profile wheel and the worm grinding wheel, delta E is the difference of the center distances between two continuous trimming,is the tooth surface vector of the grinding wheel, theta s ' is the tooth face angle of the grinding wheel tooth face corresponding to the original tooth face focus after continuous trimming.
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