CN115572134B - Light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011374 ultra-high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/022—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by an organic binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly discloses light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete and a preparation method thereof. On one hand, the lightweight high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete greatly reduces the apparent density of the concrete by doping lightweight components such as ceramic sand and the like, and achieves the aim of lightweight UHPC; on the other hand, PE particles are utilized to be close to the melting point of the water vapor temperature, and are melted to form gaps communicated with the outside to release vapor pressure, so that the problem that the pre-wetted ceramic sand brings a small amount of water to the interior of the concrete and is easier to burst the interior of the concrete during curing is solved. The lightweight ultra-high performance concrete is beneficial to the transportation and hoisting splicing of the prefabricated structure, promotes the development of the prefabricated ultra-high performance concrete and accelerates the engineering development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development and construction of the country, the demands for large-scale buildings and large-span bridges are becoming stronger, and the demands for light weight, high reinforcement, greenization and durability for civil engineering materials are also becoming higher. For the external curtain wall structure of a large building, there is a necessary trend to pursue a concrete structure which is resistant to high temperatures and is lightweight and high in strength.
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a concrete with ultra-high performance designed according to the maximum bulk density theory and having a strength exceeding 100 MPa. UHPC has ultrahigh strength and performance, and can reduce the dead weight of the structure in the building field, thereby reducing the material consumption and reducing the carbon emission. UHPC has shown unique advantages in bridge engineering, underground structures and high-rise building fields. In order to further develop the application scene of UHPC, it has important meaning to develop UHPC which can meet the requirement of structural performance, reduce the dead weight of the structure and improve the structural safety.
However, because UHPC adopts the theoretical design of low water-gel ratio and maximum bulk density, the UHPC prepared by common mixing ratio has the volume weight of 2500kg/m 3 ～2800kg/m 3 And steam curing maintenance is needed, so that the application of the composite material in a thin-wall large-span structure is limited. In addition, because the UHPC has compact internal structure and few defects, burst is easy to occur under the high-temperature condition, and huge damage is caused to the structure and the surrounding environment, so that the safety under the high-temperature condition is reduced.
Aiming at the problems, various approaches are explored at present, such as a stirring method which is favorable for uniformly dispersing steel fibers, a preparation method of steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete and the like, but the requirements on fire resistance cannot be met. As another example, the preparation method of ultra-light concrete has good fire resistance and is not easy to crack, and the volume weight is reduced to 180kg/m 3 ～300kg/m 3 However, the compressive strength of the prepared concrete only reaches 1MPa to 1.2MPa, and the concrete is not suitable for a large-span structure. Meanwhile, research is also being conducted on the preparation of light UHPC by utilizing the light characteristic of the ceramic sand, such as a preparation method of light ultra-high performance concrete, which adopts pre-wet ceramic sand to replace quartz sand, so that the volume weight of UHPC is reduced to 2000kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the However, the pre-wet ceramic sand provides water for the UHPC to react with the cementing material, and simultaneously causes part of water to remain in the ultra-high performance concrete, when the high temperature is encountered, the water is in the structureDensification results in a large vapor pressure of the water retained inside, so that the UHPC is prone to bursting.
For another research on preparing the refractory ultra-high-performance concrete, the refractory performance of the ultra-high-performance concrete is improved by adopting organic fibers to melt at high temperature to generate micro channels and a surface fireproof soil layer; however, the mechanical properties of the ultra-high performance concrete are easily reduced after the organic fibers are melted, the structural bearing capacity is insufficient, and the refractory coating process is complex and is not suitable for large-area use.
In summary, how to prepare a concrete with light weight, explosion suppression and excellent mechanical properties is particularly important for the development of UHPC.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the inventor of the present invention in the long-term study of UHPC, proposed a lightweight high temperature resistant UHPC which was prepared by adding lightweight ceramic sand, PE particles, expanded vermiculite and microbead materials, not only in reducing the concrete volume weight (which can be reduced to 1600kg/m 3 ) Meanwhile, the performance is not greatly changed, and the problem that the ceramic sand is easy to cause concrete explosion is solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high performance concrete comprises the following components in parts by mass:
further, the ceramic sand has a volume weight of 1000kg/m 3 ～1400kg/m 3 The ceramic sand is composed of large, medium and small sizes of 0.55-1.4 mm, 0.27-0.55 mm and 0.15-0.27 mm, and the weight ratio of the large, medium and small sizes of ceramic sand is 55-60:25-30:15-20.
When ceramic sand is used as one of concrete aggregates, the volume weight of the ceramic sand is generally controlled as above, so that the highest close packing density among the aggregates is met, and the ultra-high performance concrete is more favorably obtained. The volume weight is too low, which indicates that the ceramic sand has more holes, and is not beneficial to preparing the concrete with high compressive strength; and the weight of the concrete is too high, so that the weight of the concrete is too heavy, and a light product cannot be obtained.
The lightweight high-temperature-resistant ultra-high performance concrete provided by the invention is based on the closest packing density theory in UHPC preparation technology, and adopts ceramic sand to replace quartz sand in the traditional UHPC, so that the problem of high apparent density of the traditional UHPC is solved. The ceramic sand is honeycomb-shaped and has low heat conductivity. The apparent density of UHPC with the traditional quartz sand as aggregate is 2600kg/m 3 ～2800kg/m 3 The apparent density of UHPC adopting the ceramic sand as the aggregate can be reduced to 1500kg/m 3 ～2000kg/m 3 The apparent density of the concrete is greatly reduced.
Further, the particle size of PE particles is 0.16 mm-0.2 mm, so that the problem that too small particle size (which is generally powdery) cannot realize aggregate action, and too large particle size can cause too large channel to influence mechanical properties when the PE particles are melted is avoided.
The lightweight high-temperature-resistant ultra-high performance concrete provided by the invention has the advantages that the volume weight can be further reduced due to the lightweight characteristic, and the problem that UHPC (ultra-high temperature cracking) is easily caused by the internal curing of pre-wet ceramic sand is solved. The reason is that the ultra-high performance concrete is internally compact, and under the condition of high temperature, the internal residual moisture is heated to generate stronger vapor pressure, so that the ultra-high performance concrete is easy to burst; the melting point of PE particles (linear low density) is (122+/-2), when the internal temperature of the ultra-high-performance concrete reaches the PE melting point temperature, the PE particles melt and escape, fine pores are generated in the concrete, internal vapor pressure and heat are released, and the fire resistance is improved. In addition, the addition of PE particles also reduces the viscosity of the ultra-high performance concrete, and is beneficial to the pumping of the concrete.
Further, the grain diameter of the expanded vermiculite is controlled to be 0.16 mm-1.25 mm, so that the expanded vermiculite is used for preparing high-strength and light concrete.
The lightweight high-temperature-resistant ultra-high performance concrete provided by the invention is added with expanded vermiculite accounting for 2% -6% of the total mass on the basis of the existing UHPC. On one hand, a fine air spacing layer is arranged between the expanded vermiculite layers, so that the conduction of heat flow can be reduced; on the other hand, the expanded vermiculite is an aqueous aluminum (magnesium) silicate mineral, and can have good bonding effect with inorganic adhesives such as cement. A small amount of expanded vermiculite is added as a skeleton of the ultra-high performance concrete, and at high temperature, the interlayer spacing in the expanded vermiculite is beneficial to heat flow conduction, so that the vapor pressure generated by water vapor in UHPC is reduced, the maximum internal stress in UHPC is reduced, and the fire resistance and heat resistance of the material are improved.
Further, the natural packing density of the microbeads was 650kg/m 3 ～700kg/m 3 The water demand ratio is less than or equal to 95%, the 28d activity index is more than or equal to 100%, and the microbeads with smaller water demand and higher activity are beneficial to hydration reaction in the concrete with smaller water consumption and less water absorption on the surface, so that the adverse phenomenon of no slurry discharge is not easy to cause.
The light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete provided by the invention has the advantages that the inside of the microbeads is hollow, the surface is smooth and compact, and the ball effect is realized in the mixture. The apparent density of the micro-beads is smaller than that of cement, and the micro-beads are adopted to replace part of cement, so that the overall density of the slurry can be reduced, the density difference between the lightweight aggregate ceramic sand and the mixture is reduced, the lightweight aggregate ceramic sand is prevented from floating upwards, and the concrete is more uniform. Meanwhile, the low density characteristic of the microbeads can further reduce the volume weight of the concrete, the hollow characteristic of the microbeads reduces the heat conductivity coefficient, and the high temperature resistance of the concrete is improved.
In general, portland cement is ordinary portland cement P O42.5.42.5; the specific surface area of the silica fume is more than or equal to 19000m 2 Wherein SiO is 2 The content is more than or equal to 90 percent; the fibers are copper-plated steel fibers with the length of 13+/-1 mm and the diameter of 0.2+/-0.02 mm; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is not less than 30%; the water meets the requirements of JGJ63 water Standard for concrete mixing.
The silica fume with large specific surface area has higher reactivity and can react rapidly under low water-gel ratio. The water-gel ratio of the light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete is 0.16-0.2, which is much lower than that of common concrete by 0.4-0.5, and the water reducer with the water reduction rate of not less than 30% is fixedly matched so as to promote hydration reaction to form concrete slurry.
The light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete provided by the invention can be prepared by the following method:
step S1, ceramic sand prewetting: and weighing water and ceramic sand according to the parts by weight, and soaking the ceramic sand into the prepared water to obtain the prewetted ceramic sand.
Step S2, preparing dry powder: and (3) weighing silicate cement, microbeads, silica fume, PE particles, expanded vermiculite and a water reducing agent according to the mass parts, and pouring the mixture into a concrete mixer for low-speed stirring.
And step S3, weighing the fibers according to the parts by weight for standby.
And S4, adding the prewetted ceramic sand and water into the stirrer, and stirring at a low speed.
And S5, uniformly adding the fibers into a stirrer under the condition of continuously stirring at a low speed, and then stirring at a medium speed.
And S6, placing the freshly mixed concrete into a mould, vibrating and placing the freshly mixed concrete, and covering the freshly mixed concrete with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation.
And S7, placing the product in a curing chamber for normal temperature curing after demolding.
The ceramic sand is subjected to prewetting treatment, and the ceramic sand prewetting can be used as an internal curing material to improve the internal humidity of concrete, so that internal curing is provided for ultra-high-performance concrete with low water-gel ratio and low internal relative humidity, the cement hydration reaction is promoted, and the concrete performance is improved.
According to the light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete, on one hand, the apparent density of the concrete is greatly reduced by doping light components such as ceramic sand and the like, and the aim of light UHPC is fulfilled; on the other hand, PE particles are utilized to be close to the melting point of the water vapor temperature, and are melted to form gaps communicated with the outside to release vapor pressure, so that the problem that the pre-wetted ceramic sand brings a small amount of water to the interior of the concrete and is easier to burst the interior of the concrete during curing is solved. The lightweight ultra-high performance concrete is beneficial to the transportation and hoisting splicing of the prefabricated structure, promotes the development of the prefabricated ultra-high performance concrete and accelerates the engineering development.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the above-described lightweight high temperature resistant ultra-high performance concrete of the present invention and the method of preparing the same will be illustrated by specific examples, but the following examples are only specific examples of the products of the present invention and the method of preparing the same, and are not intended to limit the entirety thereof.
In each of the following examples and comparative examples, the particle diameter of PE particles was 0.16mm to 0.2mm unless otherwise specified; the grain diameter of the expanded vermiculite is 0.16 mm-1.25 mm; the natural bulk density of the microbeads is 650kg/m 3 ～700kg/m 3 The water demand ratio is less than or equal to 95 percent, and the 28d activity index is more than or equal to 100 percent; the specific surface area of the silica fume is not less than 19000m 2 Wherein SiO is 2 The content is not less than 90%; the fibers are copper-plated steel fibers with the length of 13+/-1 mm and the diameter of 0.2+/-0.02 mm.
Example 1
First, 65 parts of P O42.5.5 ordinary Portland cement, 20 parts of microbeads, 15 parts of silica fume, 0.6 part of a water reducing agent, 90 parts of ceramic sand, 1 part of PE particles, 9 parts of expanded vermiculite and 16 parts of water are weighed.
Wherein the weight ratio of the large, medium and small-size ceramic sand with the size of 0.55 mm-1.4 mm, 0.27 mm-0.55 mm and 0.15 mm-0.27 mm is 55:25:20, and the volume weight is 1230kg/m 3 。
And the water reducer is specifically polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer powder.
Then, the ceramic sand was put into water for prewetting for 72 hours.
Thirdly, the weighed ordinary Portland cement, silica fume, micro beads, PE particles, expanded vermiculite and water reducer are placed in a forced mixer and dry mixed for 30 seconds at a low speed of 100 r/min.
And step four, 15 parts of steel fibers are prepared, pre-wet ceramic sand and water are added into a stirrer, the stirrer is stirred at a low speed for 3min, the speed of the stirrer is regulated to 200r/min, the steel fibers are uniformly added within 2min, and finally the stirring is carried out at a low speed for 60s at a speed of 100 r/min.
Finally, placing the freshly mixed concrete into a mould, vibrating and placing for 1d, covering the freshly mixed concrete with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation during the vibration, and placing the freshly mixed concrete into a curing chamber for normal-temperature curing after demoulding.
Example 2
First, 50 parts of P O42.5.5 ordinary Portland cement, 15 parts of microbeads, 10 parts of silica fume, 0.6 part of a water reducing agent, 60 parts of ceramic sand, 0.5 part of PE particles, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite and 15 parts of water are weighed.
Wherein the weight ratio of the large, medium and small-size ceramic sand with the size of 0.55 mm-1.4 mm, 0.27 mm-0.55 mm and 0.15 mm-0.27 mm is 55:25:20, and the volume weight is 1321kg/m 3 。
And the water reducer is specifically polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer powder.
Then, the ceramic sand was put into water for prewetting for 72 hours.
Thirdly, placing the weighed common silicate cement, silica fume, micro beads, PE particles, expanded vermiculite and polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent powder in a forced mixer, and dry-mixing for 30 seconds at a low speed of 100 r/min.
Fourth, 20 parts of steel fibers are prepared, the pre-wet ceramic sand and water are added into a stirrer, the stirrer is stirred at a low speed for 3min, the speed of the stirrer is regulated to 200r/min, the steel fibers are uniformly added within 2min, and finally the stirring is carried out at a low speed for 60s at a speed of 100 r/min.
Finally, placing the freshly mixed concrete into a mould, vibrating and placing for 1d, covering the freshly mixed concrete with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation during the vibration, and placing the freshly mixed concrete into a curing chamber for normal-temperature curing after demoulding.
Example 3
First, 70 parts of P O42.5.5 ordinary Portland cement, 18 parts of microbeads, 17 parts of silica fume, 0.8 part of a water reducing agent, 100 parts of ceramic sand, 1.5 parts of PE particles, 8 parts of expanded vermiculite and 20 parts of water are weighed.
Wherein the weight ratio of the large, medium and small-size ceramic sand with the size of 0.55 mm-1.4 mm, 0.27 mm-0.55 mm and 0.15 mm-0.27 mm is 55:30:15, and the volume weight is 1146kg/m 3 。
And the water reducer is specifically polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer powder.
Then, the ceramic sand was put into water for prewetting for 72 hours.
Thirdly, the weighed ordinary Portland cement, silica fume, micro beads, PE particles, expanded vermiculite and water reducer are placed in a forced mixer and dry mixed for 30 seconds at a low speed of 100 r/min.
And fourthly, 10 parts of steel fibers are prepared, the pre-wet ceramic sand and water are added into a stirrer, the stirrer is stirred at a low speed for 3min, the speed of the stirrer is regulated to 200r/min, the steel fibers are uniformly added within 2min, and finally the stirring is carried out at a low speed for 60s at a speed of 100 r/min.
Finally, placing the freshly mixed concrete into a mould, vibrating and placing for 1d, covering the freshly mixed concrete with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation during the vibration, and placing the freshly mixed concrete into a curing chamber for normal-temperature curing after demoulding.
Example 4
First, 80 parts of P O42.5.5 ordinary Portland cement, 20 parts of microbeads, 20 parts of silica fume, 1 part of a water reducing agent, 120 parts of ceramic sand, 3 parts of PE particles, 14 parts of expanded vermiculite and 25 parts of water are weighed.
Wherein the weight ratio of the large, medium and small-size ceramic sand with the size of 0.55 mm-1.4 mm, 0.27 mm-0.55 mm and 0.15 mm-0.27 mm is 55:30:15, and the volume weight is 1040kg/m 3 。
And the water reducer is specifically polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer powder.
Next, the ceramic sand was pre-wetted in water for 72 hours.
Thirdly, the weighed ordinary Portland cement, silica fume, micro beads, PE particles, expanded vermiculite and water reducer are placed in a forced mixer and dry mixed for 30 seconds at a low speed of 100 r/min.
Fourth, 20 parts of steel fibers are prepared, the pre-wet ceramic sand and water are added into a stirrer, the stirrer is stirred at a low speed for 3min, the speed of the stirrer is regulated to 200r/min, the steel fibers are uniformly added within 2min, and finally the stirring is carried out at a low speed for 60s at a speed of 100 r/min.
Finally, placing the freshly mixed concrete into a mould, vibrating and placing for 1d, covering the freshly mixed concrete with a plastic film to prevent water evaporation, demoulding and placing into a curing chamber for normal-temperature curing.
In order to show the importance of each component in the light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete, a series of comparison experiments are carried out.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a conventional ceramic sand ultra-high performance concrete, i.e. the concrete does not contain PE particles and expanded vermiculite, the microbeads are changed into fly ash, and the ceramic sand weight is 100; the remainder was as described with reference to example 1, a first comparative concrete was obtained.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of PE particles on the explosion suppression performance of the lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra-high performance concrete described above.
This comparative example is the same as example 1 and will not be described in detail herein, and only the differences from example 1 will be described. This comparative example differs from example 1 in that in this comparative example, PE particles were not added; a second comparative concrete was obtained as described in the remaining reference example 1.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of expanded vermiculite on the fire resistance and heat resistance of the lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra high performance concrete described above.
This comparative example is the same as example 3 and will not be described again, and only the differences from example 3 will be described. This comparative example differs from example 3 in that in this comparative example, the expanded vermiculite was not added; a third comparative concrete was obtained as described in the remaining reference example 3.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of microbeads on the fire resistance and flowability of the lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra-high performance concrete described above.
This comparative example is the same as example 2 and will not be described in detail herein, and only the differences from example 2 will be described. This comparative example differs from example 2 in that no microbeads were added in this comparative example; a fourth comparative concrete was obtained as described with reference to example 2.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of PE particles on the explosion suppression performance of the lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra-high performance concrete described above.
This comparative example is the same as example 4 and will not be described again, and only the differences from example 4 will be described. The comparative example differs from example 4 in that in the comparative example, PE particles were not added, the steel fiber was replaced with polypropylene organic fiber, and the amount of the ceramic sand was 120 parts; namely, polypropylene which is also an organic matter is used for replacing PE particles, the explosion suppression performance is compared, and the fiber effect is simultaneously exerted; a fifth comparative concrete was obtained as described with reference to example 4.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of PE particles on the explosion suppression performance of the lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra-high performance concrete described above.
This comparative example is the same as example 3 and will not be described again, and only the differences from example 3 will be described. This comparative example differs from example 3 in that in this comparative example PE particles were changed to an equivalent amount of polystyrene foam; a sixth comparative concrete was obtained as described with reference to example 3.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of PE particles of excessive particle size on the fire resistance of the above-mentioned light weight, high temperature resistant, ultra high performance concrete.
This comparative example is the same as example 1 and will not be described in detail herein, and only the differences from example 1 will be described. The present comparative example is different from example 1 in that, in the present comparative example, the PE particle size is in the range of 0.2mm to 1.25mm; a seventh comparative concrete was obtained as described with reference to example 1.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the impact of bead water demand on the lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra high performance concrete described above.
This comparative example is the same as example 2 and will not be described in detail herein, and only the differences from example 2 will be described. This comparative example differs from example 2 in that in this comparative example, the water demand ratio of the microbeads employed was 98%; the remainder was described with reference to example 2, which found that the expansion was only 500mm, which was detrimental to the pouring work of the concrete.
Comparative example 9
This comparative example is intended to illustrate the effect of the bead activity index on the lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra high performance concrete described above.
This comparative example is the same as example 2 and will not be described in detail herein, and only the differences from example 2 will be described. This comparative example differs from example 2 in that in this comparative example, the 28d activity index of the microbeads employed was 90%; as described with reference to example 2, the 28d compressive strength was found to be only 96MPa, which is a 17% reduction from example 2.
The properties of the concrete obtained in each of the above examples and comparative examples were measured by the same test method. Specifically, the expansion degree, compression resistance and bending resistance test of the concrete are carried out according to the T/CECS 864-2021 standard of ultra-high performance concrete test method; apparent density is tested according to ASTM C138/C138M-7; thermal conductivity testing was performed according to ASTM C518-2010; the residual strength after high temperature and the sample conditions were tested as follows: preparing a square sample of 100mm multiplied by 100mm, placing the sample into a high-temperature furnace, heating the sample to (1600+/-10) DEG C through resistance heating, continuously (3+/-0.05) h, cooling for 12h, observing the surface condition of the sample, and performing a compressive strength test; shrinkage test is to put a test piece of 100mm×100mm×400mm into a dry shrinkage chamber and test the shrinkage thereof with a displacement sensor.
The properties of the light, high temperature resistant, ultra-high performance concrete provided in examples 1 to 4 and the comparative concrete provided in comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 results of Performance test of the concrete in each example and comparative example
As can be seen from the performance data in Table 1, the light weight, high temperature resistant and ultra high performance concrete of the present invention has an apparent density reduced to 1500kg/m as compared with comparative example 1 in examples 1 to 4 3 ～1650kg/m 3 Ultra-high performance concrete (2500 kg/m) 3 ～2800kg/m 3 ) Compared with the prior art, the method is reduced by 40 to 50 percent. The pre-wet ceramic sand in the ultra-high performance concrete with low water-cement ratio can greatly reduce the volume of the concrete, and meanwhile, the water stored in the ceramic sand pore structure can be used for carrying out internal curing on the ultra-high performance concrete to promote hydration so as to improve the strength of the concrete, and the 28d compressive strength is more than 110MPa. Adding PE particles and expanded vermiculite as raw materialsThe aggregate is filled, and the volume weight of the concrete is further reduced.
Example 1 in comparison with comparative example 2, the PE particles are advantageous for slurry rheology when used as aggregate because the PE material is spherical with smooth surface and has hydrophobicity. Because the fluidity of the concrete is improved, the porosity in the ultra-high performance concrete is reduced, and the shrinkage of the concrete is reduced. Meanwhile, under the high temperature condition, the cement-based material added with PE particles and expanded vermiculite can obviously improve the stability and mechanical properties of the cement-based material. Because the melting point of PE particles (linear low density) is between 120 ℃ and 124 ℃, the PE particles can be used as aggregate to provide good firmness in a normal temperature state, when the PE particles are at a high temperature, the PE particles are melted in compact ultra-high-performance concrete to form micro channels, the vapor pressure in the ultra-high-performance concrete caused by the high temperature is released, and the condition of bursting of the ultra-high-performance concrete at a high temperature is slowed down.
Compared with comparative example 3, the expanded vermiculite has layered appearance, and a tiny space exists between the layers, so that the heat conduction of the ultra-high-performance concrete can be slowed down, the heat insulation effect is achieved, and the heat damage of the ultra-high-performance concrete material at high temperature can be slowed down.
Example 2 the addition of microbeads improves the fluidity and fire resistance of the concrete compared to comparative example 4. The appearance of the microbeads is spherical, so that the microbeads can play a role of balls in concrete, and the fluidity of the ultra-high-performance concrete is improved. In addition, the hollow spherical microbeads can provide heat insulation effect for the material, and reduce the thermal conductivity of the material, so that the fire resistance and heat resistance of the concrete in a high-temperature environment are improved.
Compared with comparative example 5, the steel fiber with the same volume doping amount is used in the embodiment 4, so that the compression resistance, the bending strength, the stability after high temperature, the residual compression strength and the residual bending strength of the material are improved. The fiber plays a bridging role in the ultra-high performance concrete, and can generate bridging force after the inside of the cement-based material is dislocated, so that the strength of the fiber is improved. At high temperature, the PE particles are melted to form micro cracks, and the steel fibers form a three-dimensional grid in the ultra-high-performance concrete, so that the condition that the concrete is subjected to high Wen Baola can be restrained to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the residual strength of the material at high temperature is improved. Comparative example 5 incorporated a considerable amount of organic fiber by volume, and at high temperatures, the organic fiber melted and could not inhibit spalling of the concrete after exposure to high temperatures.
Example 3 compared to comparative example 6, conventional insulation polypropylene foam particles were used. Although the addition of the polypropylene foam particles can also ensure that the ultra-high performance concrete has higher compressive strength retention rate after high temperature, the strength of the concrete prepared after the addition is greatly reduced due to insufficient hardness of the polypropylene foam particle material. PE particles are hard organic particles, can bear part of skeleton function in concrete, and has less loss of concrete strength.
Example 1 the oversized PE particles resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of the concrete compared to comparative example 7. This is because after high temperature, the PE particles melt to leave cracks inside, and the large-sized PE particles leave larger cracks after high temperature and are unfavorable for bridging between the steel fibers and the matrix, thereby resulting in a substantial decrease in the residual strength after high temperature, thereby affecting the mechanical properties of the finally obtained concrete.
Claims (4)
1. The light high-temperature-resistant ultra-high-performance concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the volume weight of the ceramic sand is 1000kg/m 3 ～1400kg/m 3 The ceramic sand is composed of large, medium and small sizes of 0.55 mm-1.4 mm, 0.27 mm-0.55 mm and 0.15 mm-0.27 mm, and the weight ratio of the large, medium and small sizes of ceramic sand is 55-60:25-30:15-20; the particle size of the PE particles is 0.16 mm-0.2 mm; the grain diameter of the expanded vermiculite is 0.16 mm-1.25 mm.
2. The lightweight, high temperature resistant, ultra high performance concrete of claim 1, wherein said microbeads have a natural bulk density of650kg/m 3 ～700kg/m 3 The water demand ratio is less than or equal to 95 percent, and the 28d activity index is more than or equal to 100 percent.
3. The lightweight high temperature resistant ultra-high performance concrete according to claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the silica fume is not less than 19000m 2 Wherein SiO is 2 The content is more than or equal to 90 percent; the fibers are copper-plated steel fibers with the length of 13+/-1 mm and the diameter of 0.2+/-0.02 mm; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylate water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is not less than 30%.
4. A method for preparing a lightweight high temperature resistant ultra high performance concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, carrying out prewetting treatment on ceramic sand to obtain prewetted ceramic sand;
s2, uniformly mixing Portland cement, microbeads, silica fume, PE particles, expanded vermiculite and a water reducing agent to obtain a first mixture;
s3, adding the prewetted ceramic sand into the first mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain a second mixture;
s4, adding fibers into the second mixture, and uniformly stirring to obtain a third mixture;
and S5, molding the third mixture in a mold, and performing moisture preservation and maintenance.
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