CN115558922A - Short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method and device for high reflection material - Google Patents
Short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method and device for high reflection material Download PDFInfo
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- CN115558922A CN115558922A CN202211287487.7A CN202211287487A CN115558922A CN 115558922 A CN115558922 A CN 115558922A CN 202211287487 A CN202211287487 A CN 202211287487A CN 115558922 A CN115558922 A CN 115558922A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and discloses a short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method and device for a high-reflection material. According to the method, the short-wavelength laser is adopted to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the surface of the high-reflection material, the light spot of laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser is a rectangular light spot, the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle is provided with a rectangular powder outlet, and the long edge of the rectangular light spot is parallel to the long edge of the rectangular powder outlet. The device comprises a short-wavelength laser, a rectangular laser cladding processing head, a powder feeding device and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. The device and the method adopt the short-wavelength laser to carry out cladding treatment, can obviously improve the absorption rate of high-reflection materials such as copper, aluminum and the like to laser, form a stable molten pool, reduce the laser power loss and the formation of cladding defects, ensure the forming quality of a coating, reduce the damage of laser reflection to equipment, and have good application prospect in the fields of aerospace, marine equipment, ferrous metallurgy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, in particular to a short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method and device for a high-reflection material.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high thermal conductivity, good processing performance and excellent mechanical performance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles and the like. The copper alloy has high thermal conductivity and self-lubricating property, and is widely applied to the fields of marine equipment, ferrous metallurgy and the like. However, the surface wear resistance of copper and aluminum materials is poor, which becomes a key factor limiting the large-scale application of the materials, and the surface coating technology can add a layer of 'protective clothing' on the surface of the metal materials such as copper and aluminum, which is an indispensable key technology for the application of the materials under extreme working conditions such as high wear resistance, corrosion and high temperature.
The ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is a novel surface coating technology, and becomes an important means for protecting the surfaces of metal materials and parts thereof due to the advantages of high efficiency, interface metallurgical bonding, wide raw material selection and the like, and many people try to apply the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology to the surface protection of materials such as copper, aluminum and the like, but because copper, aluminum and the like belong to high-reflection materials, the absorption rate of infrared laser with the wavelength of 1064nm used by the traditional ultra-high speed laser cladding equipment is extremely low, and the heat conduction speed of a high-reflection base material is high, the cladding quality is poor, and the defects of a large number of pores, cracks, non-fusion and the like exist, and the direct cladding of a large amount of reflection energy damages the equipment.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method and device for a high-reflection material.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method for a high-reflection material, which comprises the steps of carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the high-reflection material by adopting a short-wavelength laser, wherein the short-wavelength laser is a semiconductor blue laser with the wavelength of 455nm or a disc-type green laser with the wavelength of 515 nm;
the laser spot emitted by the short-wavelength laser is a rectangular spot, the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle is provided with a rectangular powder outlet, and the long edge of the rectangular spot is parallel to the long edge of the rectangular powder outlet;
the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser and the particle beam sprayed from the rectangular powder feeding nozzle intersect before reaching the base material.
In an alternative embodiment, the highly reflective material is a matrix material composed of at least one element selected from copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.
In an alternative embodiment, the laser cladding process is performed in an environment having an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
In an optional embodiment, the output power of the short-wavelength laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning linear velocity is 100-300 m/min.
In an alternative embodiment, the rectangular spot has an output width of 1 to 2mm and a length of 5 to 30mm.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device for a high-reflection material, which comprises a short-wavelength laser, a rectangular laser cladding processing head, a powder feeding device and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle, wherein the short-wavelength laser is a blue laser or a green laser;
the short-wavelength laser is connected with the rectangular laser cladding processing head, and laser spots emitted by the short-wavelength laser after being processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head are rectangular;
the powder feeding device is communicated with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle is provided with a rectangular powder outlet, the long side of the rectangular powder outlet is parallel to the long side of the rectangular light spot, and the powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet is intersected with the laser projection direction of the rectangular laser cladding processing head;
the blue laser is a semiconductor blue laser with the wavelength of 455 nm; or the green laser is a disc type green laser with the wavelength of 515 nm.
In an optional embodiment, the laser cladding device further comprises an atmosphere protection cover and a processing machine tool, the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle and the processing machine tool are located in the atmosphere protection cover, and the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle are located above the processing machine tool.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme provided by the application, the laser with the short wavelength is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the high-reflection metal substrate, the high-reflection metal has high short-wavelength laser absorption rate, high-energy reflection is not easy to generate, and cladding equipment is not easy to damage; in consideration of the problem that the short-wavelength laser is less in energy supply relative to the long-wavelength laser and the forming efficiency is low, rectangular laser cladding processing is selected to enable the light spot of the laser beam to be a rectangular light spot, and the rectangular light spot can obviously improve the forming efficiency of short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding compared with a circular light spot. Therefore, when the laser cladding device provided by the application carries out laser cladding coating on the high-reflection metal base material, the cladding quality is high, and the defects of pores, cracks, unfused parts and the like are few; because of the adoption of the short-wavelength laser, the energy reflection is less, and the damage to cladding equipment is less.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the working status of laser beams and particle beams during the short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a top view of states of a laser beam and a particle beam when the short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method provided in the embodiment of the present application is implemented.
Icon: 1-a control system; 2-short wavelength lasers; 3-a gas cylinder; 4-powder feeding device; 5-processing the machine tool; 6-rectangular laser cladding processing head; 7-rectangular powder feeding nozzle; 8-a matrix material; 9-atmosphere protection cover; 11-a laser beam; 12-particle beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products which are not indicated by manufacturers and are commercially available.
The method and apparatus for short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding of highly reflective materials provided by the present application are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding apparatus for highly reflective materials provided in the embodiments of the present application includes a short-wavelength laser 2, a rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, a powder feeding device 4, and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7, where the short-wavelength laser 2 is a blue laser or a green laser; the blue laser can be a semiconductor blue laser with the wavelength of 455 nm; the green laser can be a disc type green laser with the wavelength of 515 nm.
The short-wavelength laser 2 is connected with the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, and laser spots emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 after being processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 are rectangular;
the powder feeding device 4 is communicated with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 is provided with a rectangular powder outlet, the long edge of the rectangular powder outlet is parallel to the long edge of the rectangular light spot, and the powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet is intersected with the laser projection direction of the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6.
According to the short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding device, laser cladding is carried out on the high-reflection metal matrix by adopting the short-wavelength laser, the high-reflection metal has high short-wavelength laser absorption rate, reflection of high energy is not easy to generate, and cladding equipment is not easy to damage; considering that the problem that the forming efficiency is low due to the fact that the short-wavelength laser is less provided than the long-wavelength laser energy is solved, the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 is adopted, the light spot of the laser beam 11 is a rectangular light spot, and the rectangular light spot can obviously improve the forming efficiency of laser cladding compared with a circular light spot. Therefore, when the short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding device provided by the application is used for carrying out laser cladding and coating on the high-reflection metal base material, the cladding quality is high, and the defects such as pores, cracks, unfused and the like are few; because of the adoption of the short-wavelength laser 2, the energy reflection is less, and the damage to cladding equipment is less.
Specifically, the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 may be a device having an inner collimator lens, a reflecting mirror, a focusing lens, a dodging lens, and a protective lens inside. After laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 passes through the above parts in the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, the light spot of the condensed beam is in a rectangular shape. It should be noted that the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 is the prior art, and when the laser cladding processing head is used by a person skilled in the art, the laser beam 11 with a rectangular emission spot can be realized by adjusting an optical part in the existing laser head for emitting circular laser, so that the structure thereof is not described in detail herein.
The laser cladding device further comprises an atmosphere protection cover 9 and a processing machine tool 5, the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 and the processing machine tool 5 are located in the atmosphere protection cover 9, and the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 are located above the processing machine tool 5.
The atmosphere protective cover 9 is used for isolating oxygen, so that the cladding environment is an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment, the surface oxidation of high-reflection metal materials such as copper and aluminum in the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding process can be prevented, the formation of defects is reduced, and the cladding quality is ensured.
The laser cladding device also comprises a gas cylinder 3 and a control system 1. The gas cylinder 3 is communicated with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 and provides carrier gas for the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7. The control system 1 is electrically connected with all the devices in the device and is used for controlling each device to work within the set process parameter conditions.
According to the laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of the application, the short-wavelength laser 2 is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the surface of the high-reflection material, and the short-wavelength laser 2 is a blue laser or a green laser;
the light spot of the laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 is a rectangular light spot, the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 is provided with a rectangular powder outlet, and the long edge of the rectangular light spot is parallel to the long edge of the rectangular powder outlet;
the laser beam 11 emitted from the short-wavelength laser 2 and the particle beam 12 emitted from the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 intersect before reaching the base material 8.
According to the short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method, a laser with a short wavelength is adopted to carry out laser cladding on a high-reflection metal matrix, the high-reflection metal has high short-wavelength laser absorption rate, high-energy reflection is not easy to generate, and cladding equipment is not easy to damage; considering that the problem that the forming efficiency is low due to the fact that the short-wavelength laser is less supplied than the long-wavelength laser energy is likely to exist, laser cladding is performed by using the laser beam 11 with the rectangular light spot, and the forming efficiency of the laser cladding can be obviously improved due to the rectangular light spot compared with the circular light spot. Therefore, when the laser cladding method provided by the application is used for carrying out laser cladding coating on the high-reflection metal base material, the coating quality is high, and the defects such as pores, cracks, unfused and the like are few; because of the adoption of the short-wavelength laser 2, the energy reflection is less, and the damage to cladding equipment is less.
Preferably, the output width of the rectangular light spot is 1-2 mm, and the length is 5-30 mm.
The laser beam 11 with the laser spot of the output size is adopted for laser cladding, so that the prepared coating can be kept to have higher quality.
Further, the highly reflective material may be, for example, a base material composed of at least one element of copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.
Preferably, the laser cladding process is performed in an environment having an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
The aim of preventing the surface of high-reflection metal materials such as copper, aluminum and the like from being oxidized in the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding process is to reduce the formation of defects and ensure the cladding quality.
The environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000ppm may for example be formed by an inert gas replacement atmosphere protection shield 9.
Preferably, the short-wavelength laser 2 has an output power of 1000 to 3000W (e.g., 1000W, 2000W, or 3000W) and a scanning linear velocity of 100 to 300m/min (100 m/min, 200m/min, or 300 m/min).
High quality coatings can be obtained by laser cladding at the power and scanning line speed.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding method for a high-reflection material, which is used for depositing a coating on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate by using the laser cladding device for the high-reflection material provided by the application.
The adopted laser is a semiconductor blue laser with the wavelength of 455nm, the output width of a rectangular facula is 11mm, and the length is 10mm.
In the laser cladding process, the oxygen content is less than 1000ppm, the carrier gas flow rate is 6L/min, and the powder discharging rate of a nozzle is 15g/min.
Other process parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: the short wavelength laser is a disc type green laser with the wavelength of 515 nm.
Other process parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 3
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except for the differences shown in Table 1.
Example 4
This example is substantially the same as example 1 except for the differences shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: the atmosphere protective cover is not subjected to inert gas replacement, and the atmosphere in the atmosphere protective cover is the same as the outside.
Comparative example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: and performing laser cladding by adopting an infrared fiber laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm.
Comparative example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: the output spot was controlled to be a circular spot having an area equal to that of the rectangular spot of example 1.
Examples of the experiments
The coatings formed by the examples and comparative examples were observed for their cladding quality and tested for their porosity, according to the test method referred to the national standard GB/T17720-1999. The test results are recorded in table 1. The coating material in the table is FeCrBSi with the element molar ratio of 1.
Table 1 examples and comparative examples and corresponding test results
As can be seen from the table above, the coating prepared by the cladding method of each embodiment of the application has good cladding quality and low porosity of the surface of the coating. Comparing the example 1 with the comparative example 1, the cladding effect of the comparative example 1 is poor, which shows that the oxidation of the substrate surface is carried out under the condition of low oxygen or no oxygen in the cladding process, and the cladding quality can be improved; comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the cladding effect of comparative example 2 is obviously inferior to that of example 1, and it can be seen that the defects of the prepared coating are obviously more when laser cladding is performed by adopting laser with long wavelength than laser with short wavelength; comparing example 1 with comparative example 3, the cladding efficiency of example 1 is higher, which indicates that the cladding efficiency can be improved by using laser cladding with rectangular spots.
In summary, the short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding device and method provided by the embodiment of the application adopt the short-wavelength laser to carry out laser cladding on the high-reflection metal matrix, the high-reflection metal has high absorption rate to the short-wavelength laser, and high-energy reflection is not easy to generate, so that cladding equipment is not easy to damage; considering that the problem that the forming efficiency is low probably because short-wavelength laser provides less energy relative to long-wavelength laser is solved, rectangular laser cladding processing is selected to enable light spots of laser beams to be rectangular light spots, and the rectangular light spots can obviously improve the forming efficiency of laser cladding compared with circular light spots. Therefore, when the laser cladding device provided by the application carries out laser cladding coating on the high-reflection metal base material, the cladding quality is high, and the defects of pores, cracks, unfused parts and the like are few; because of the adoption of the short-wavelength laser, the energy reflection is less, and the damage to cladding equipment is less.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A short wavelength ultra-high speed laser cladding method of a high reflection material is characterized in that a short wavelength laser is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the surface of the high reflection material, wherein the short wavelength laser is a semiconductor blue laser with the wavelength of 455nm or a disc type green laser with the wavelength of 515 nm;
the laser spot emitted by the short-wavelength laser is a rectangular spot, the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle is provided with a rectangular powder outlet, and the long edge of the rectangular spot is parallel to the long edge of the rectangular powder outlet;
the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser and the particle beam sprayed by the rectangular powder feeding nozzle intersect before reaching the base material.
2. The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the highly reflective material is a base material composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.
3. The short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method of claim 1, wherein the laser cladding process is performed in an environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
4. The short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the output power of the short wavelength laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning line speed is 100-300 m/min.
5. The short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular spot has an output width of 1 to 2mm and a length of 5 to 30mm.
6. The short-wavelength ultrahigh-speed laser cladding device for the high-reflection material is characterized by comprising a short-wavelength laser, a rectangular laser cladding processing head, a powder feeding device and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle, wherein the short-wavelength laser is a blue laser or a green laser;
the short-wavelength laser is connected with the rectangular laser cladding processing head, and the laser spot of the laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser after being processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head is rectangular;
the powder feeding device is communicated with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle is provided with a rectangular powder outlet, the long side of the rectangular powder outlet is parallel to the long side of the rectangular light spot, and the powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet is intersected with the laser projection direction of the rectangular laser cladding processing head;
the blue laser is a semiconductor blue laser with the wavelength of 455 nm; or, the green laser is a disc-type green laser with the wavelength of 515 nm.
7. The short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding apparatus as claimed in claim 6, further comprising an atmosphere protecting cover and a processing machine, wherein the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle and the processing machine are located in the atmosphere protecting cover, and the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle are located above the processing machine.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211287487.7A CN115558922A (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method and device for high reflection material |
| PCT/CN2023/122010 WO2024027852A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2023-09-27 | Method and device for cladding high-reflection material using short wavelength ultra-high speed laser |
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| CN202211287487.7A CN115558922A (en) | 2022-10-20 | 2022-10-20 | Short wavelength ultra high speed laser cladding method and device for high reflection material |
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| CN (1) | CN115558922A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024027852A1 (en) |
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| WO2024027852A1 (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-02-08 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Method and device for cladding high-reflection material using short wavelength ultra-high speed laser |
| CN116397226A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-07-07 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Device and process for preparing silver layer on copper substrate through blue laser cladding |
| CN116695117A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-09-05 | 烟台大学 | Impeller surface performance enhancement method based on blue laser cladding technology |
| CN117161562A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-12-05 | 浙江烯微新能源科技有限公司 | Welding process for elbow and metal tube of heat exchanger by utilizing laser cladding |
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