CN216298281U - Laser composite welding head - Google Patents
Laser composite welding head Download PDFInfo
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- CN216298281U CN216298281U CN202122629469.XU CN202122629469U CN216298281U CN 216298281 U CN216298281 U CN 216298281U CN 202122629469 U CN202122629469 U CN 202122629469U CN 216298281 U CN216298281 U CN 216298281U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a laser composite welding head which comprises a welding head body, an infrared laser interface, a blue laser interface and a laser exit port, wherein a first light path and a second light path are arranged in the welding head body, infrared laser passes through the first light path, blue laser passes through the second light path and enters the first light path, and the infrared laser and the blue laser are coupled in the first light path according to a preset power ratio and are emitted from the laser exit port. According to the utility model, the blue laser and the infrared laser are coupled and the high-reflection material is welded, and the power ratio of the blue laser and the infrared laser is adjusted, so that a welding seam which is completely different from that of single-beam welding is formed on the surface of the high-reflection material under the combined action of the blue laser and the infrared laser, the process adaptability of the welding of the high-reflection material is improved, and different welding strength requirements are met.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser composite welding head.
Background
In laser machining applications, the laser absorption of metals is of decisive importance for laser machining applications. A large number of experimental data indicate that infrared lasers perform well in many industrial applications, but are not ideal for the processing of highly reflective metals in the corresponding wavelength bands. Laser welding is an efficient precision welding method using a laser beam with high energy density as a heat source, and is one of important aspects of laser processing applications. When the high-reflectivity material is welded by the infrared laser, the problems of unstable molten pool, easy splash generation, poor welding seam quality and the like can occur, and further the welding quality is influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a laser composite welding head which can improve the welding quality of high-reflection materials.
The embodiment adopts the following technical scheme:
a laser composite welding head comprises a welding head body, an infrared laser interface, a blue laser interface and a laser emitting port, wherein a first light path and a second light path are arranged in the welding head body, the first light path is respectively communicated with the infrared laser interface and the laser emitting port, and the second light path is respectively communicated with the blue laser interface and the first light path;
the infrared laser interface is connected with infrared laser, the blue laser interface is connected with blue laser, the infrared laser passes through the first light path, the blue laser passes through the second light path and enters the first light path, the infrared laser and the blue laser are coupled in the first light path according to a preset power ratio and are ejected from the laser exit port.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, the preset power ratio includes: the power of the blue laser is selected to be more than 0W and less than or equal to 300W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be more than 0W and less than or equal to 500W.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, the preset power ratio includes: the power of the blue laser is selected to be more than 300W and less than 500W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be more than 500W and less than 800W.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, the preset power ratio includes: the power of the blue laser is selected to be more than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 1000W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be more than or equal to 800W and less than or equal to 1500W.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, the welding speed of the laser composite welding head is less than or equal to 15 mm/s.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, the first light path includes a first collimating lens, a first focusing lens, a first reflection lens and a second focusing lens, the infrared laser interface, the first collimating lens, the first focusing lens, the first reflection lens, the second focusing lens and the laser exit port are sequentially arranged along a first direction, the first reflection lens and the first direction form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the reflection surface of the first reflection lens faces the laser exit port and the second light path.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, the second optical path includes a second collimating lens, a third focusing lens and a second reflecting lens, the blue-ray laser interface, the second collimating lens, the third focusing lens and the second reflecting lens are sequentially arranged along a first direction, the second reflecting lens and the first direction form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the reflecting surface of the second reflecting lens faces the first reflecting lens and the third focusing lens.
Further, the laser composite welding head further comprises a visual reflection outlet, and a visual light path is further arranged in the welding head body and is respectively communicated with the visual reflection outlet and the first light path.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, the visual light path includes a third reflection lens and a fourth reflection lens, the visual reflection outlet and the third reflection lens are sequentially arranged along a first direction, the fourth reflection lens is arranged on the first light path and is located between the first reflection lens and the second focusing lens, the third reflection lens and the fourth reflection lens both form an included angle of 45 degrees with the first direction, a reflection surface of the third reflection lens faces the visual reflection outlet and the fourth reflection lens, and a reflection surface of the fourth reflection lens faces the third reflection lens and the laser exit port.
Further, in the laser composite welding head, a protective lens is further included, and the protective lens is disposed between the laser exit port and the second focusing lens.
Compared with the prior art, the laser composite welding head provided by the utility model can couple the blue laser and the infrared laser and weld the high-reflection material, and the blue laser and the infrared laser form a welding seam which is completely different from single-beam welding on the surface of the high-reflection material under the combined action of the blue laser and the infrared laser by adjusting the power ratio of the blue laser to the infrared laser, so that the technological adaptability of welding of the high-reflection material is improved, and different welding strength requirements are met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of a laser composite welding head provided by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a first schematic cross-sectional view of the laser composite welding head of FIG. 1 forming a weld on a surface of an object to be welded.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view II of the laser composite welding head shown in FIG. 1 for forming a weld on the surface of an object to be welded.
FIG. 4 is a third schematic cross-sectional view of the laser composite welding head shown in FIG. 1 forming a weld on the surface of an object to be welded.
FIG. 5 is a metallographic view of a laser composite welded joint as shown in FIG. 1 with a weld formed according to one embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a metallographic view of a laser composite welded joint as shown in FIG. 1 with a weld formed according to example two.
FIG. 7 is a metallographic view of a laser composite welded joint of FIG. 1 showing the formation of a weld in a third example.
10, an infrared laser interface; 20. a blue laser interface; 30. a laser exit port; 40. a first optical path; 41. a first collimating optic; 42. a first focusing lens; 43. a first mirror plate; 44. a second focusing lens; 50. a second optical path; 51. a second collimating lens; 52. a third focusing lens; 53. a second mirror; 60. a visual reflection outlet; 70. a visual light path; 71. a third mirror plate; 72. a fourth mirror plate; 80. protecting the lens; 100. and (7) welding seams.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model, which is not further described, and that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the laser composite welding head provided by the present invention includes a welding head body, an infrared laser interface 10, a blue laser interface 20 and a laser exit port 30, wherein a first light path 40 and a second light path 50 are disposed in the welding head body, the first light path 40 is respectively communicated with the infrared laser interface 10 and the laser exit port 30, and the second light path 50 is respectively communicated with the blue laser interface 20 and the first light path 40.
The infrared laser interface 10 is used for connecting an infrared laser and receiving infrared laser generated by the infrared laser through an optical fiber; the blue laser interface 20 is used for connecting a blue laser and receiving blue laser generated by the blue laser through an optical fiber. The infrared laser enters the welding head body and then advances along the first light path 40, the blue laser enters the welding head body and then advances along the second light path 50 and enters the first light path 40, the infrared laser and the blue laser are coupled in the first light path 40 according to the preset power ratio, and the infrared laser and the blue laser are emitted to the surface of the object to be welded from the laser emitting port 30.
Generally, the shorter the laser wavelength, the higher the absorption rate of the metal material; the more uniform the laser energy distribution, the better the uniformity of the processing layer, so that for the welding of high-reflectivity materials in infrared bands such as copper, silver and the like, the higher laser absorption rate is in the blue band with short wavelength, and the absorption rate is 7-20 times of that of infrared laser.
When the infrared laser is used for welding high-reflection materials, a molten pool is unstable, a large amount of splashing is generated, the quality of a welding seam is poor, and when blue light is used for welding, the surface of the welding seam does not splash, and the welding quality is good. However, the laser power of the existing blue-ray semiconductor is generally low, and the copper sheet with large thickness cannot be effectively welded. The blue laser and the infrared laser are coupled and welded, the blue laser can be used as a heat treatment heat source to perform thermal conduction welding, the infrared laser performs deep fusion welding, and key holes which are completely different from those of single-beam welding can be generated on the surface of an object to be welded made of a high-reflection material under the combined action of the blue laser and the infrared laser.
Meanwhile, the shape of the keyhole obtained by the combined action of the blue laser and the infrared laser can be changed by adjusting the power ratio of the blue laser to the infrared laser, and finally different types of welding seams are obtained on the surface of an object to be welded.
Referring to fig. 2, in the predetermined power ratio, the power of the blue laser is selected to be greater than 0W and less than or equal to 300W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be greater than 0W and less than or equal to 500W. At this time, the section of the weld seam 100 formed on the welding surface by the blue laser and the infrared laser is in a "U" shape, and the product with low requirement on welding strength can be welded.
Referring to fig. 3, in the predetermined power ratio, the power of the blue laser is selected to be greater than 300W and less than or equal to 500W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be greater than 500W and less than or equal to 800W. At this time, the section of the weld seam 100 formed on the welding surface by the blue laser and the infrared laser is in a V shape, and the product with moderate welding strength requirement can be welded.
Referring to fig. 4, in the predetermined power ratio, the power of the blue laser is selected to be greater than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 1000W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be greater than or equal to 800W and less than or equal to 1500W. At this time, the section of the weld joint 100 formed on the welding surface by the blue laser and the infrared laser is in a "Y" shape, and a product with high requirement on welding strength can be welded.
Therefore, by presetting the proper power ratio of the infrared laser and the blue laser, the energy ratio of the laser can be changed, the existence mode of the keyhole and the flowing mode of the molten pool are further changed, the process adaptability of the welding of the high-reflection material is improved, and different welding strength requirements of various products in actual production are met through the three welding shapes.
Further, when the welding speed is increased, the cross-sectional shape of the formed weld 100 is reduced from both sides to the inside, which affects the welding quality. In order to maintain the quality of the formed weld 100 during welding, the laser welding speed should not be too fast, and may be limited to less than or equal to 15 mm/s.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the first optical path 40 includes a first collimating lens 41, a first focusing lens 42, a first reflecting lens 43 and a second focusing lens 44, the infrared laser interface 10, the first collimating lens 41, the first focusing lens 42, the first reflecting lens 43, the second focusing lens 44 and the laser exit port 30 are sequentially disposed along a first direction, the first reflecting lens 43 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first direction, and a reflecting surface of the first reflecting lens 43 faces the laser exit port 30 and the second optical path 50.
The first direction may be a vertical direction in fig. 1, after the infrared laser generates the infrared laser, the infrared laser enters the infrared laser interface 10 through the optical fiber, and the first collimating lens 41 converts the diffused infrared laser into a parallel beam along the first direction, and after the parallel beam is focused by the first focusing lens 42, the parallel beam passes through the transmission surface of the first reflecting lens 43 to the second focusing lens 44. The second optical path 50 is disposed at a side of the first optical path 40, the blue laser in the second optical path 50 may be incident on the reflective surface of the first reflective mirror 43 perpendicular to the first direction, and coupled with the infrared laser after being reflected by the first reflective mirror 43, and the coupled laser is focused to the surface of the object to be welded through the second focusing mirror 44.
In some embodiments, the second optical path 50 includes a second collimating lens 51, a third focusing lens 52, and a second reflecting lens 53, the blue laser interface 20, the second collimating lens 51, the third focusing lens 52, and the second reflecting lens 53 are sequentially disposed along a first direction, the second reflecting lens 53 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first direction, and a reflecting surface of the second reflecting lens 53 faces the first reflecting lens 43 and the third focusing lens 52.
After the blue laser generates blue laser, the blue laser enters the blue laser interface 20 through an optical fiber, the divergent blue laser is converted into a parallel light beam along the first direction through the first collimating lens 41, the parallel light beam is focused through the third focusing lens 52, the blue laser is emitted to the reflecting surface of the first reflecting lens 43 along the first direction through the second reflecting lens 53, the blue laser is reflected by the first reflecting lens 43 and then coupled with the infrared laser, and the coupled laser is focused to the surface of an object to be welded through the second focusing lens 44.
In some embodiments, the laser composite welding head further comprises a visual reflection outlet 60, and a visual light path 70 is further disposed in the welding head body, wherein the visual light path 70 is respectively communicated with the visual reflection outlet 60 and the first light path 40.
In the welding process, the reflected light from the surface of the object to be welded can enter the first light path 40 through the laser exit port 30, enter the visual light path 70 through the first light path 40, and enter the camera lens through the visual reflection exit port 60, so as to capture the image information of the surface of the object to be welded, and further improve the welding precision in the welding process.
In some embodiments, the optical path 70 includes a third mirror 71 and a fourth mirror 72, the optical reflection outlet 60 and the third mirror 71 are sequentially disposed along a first direction, the fourth mirror 72 is disposed on the optical path 40 and located between the first mirror 43 and the second focusing mirror 44, the third mirror 71 and the fourth mirror 72 are both at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the first direction, a reflective surface of the third mirror 71 faces the optical reflection outlet 60 and the fourth mirror 72, and a reflective surface of the fourth mirror 72 faces the third mirror 71 and the laser exit port 30.
The reflected light from the surface of the object to be welded can enter the first light path 40 through the laser exit port 30, pass through the second focusing lens 44, be reflected by the reflective surface of the third reflective lens 71 onto the reflective surface of the fourth reflective lens 72, be reflected by the fourth reflective lens 72 in the first direction to the visual reflection exit port 60, and finally enter the camera lens.
Further, a protective lens 80 is provided between the second focusing lens 44 and the laser exit port 30. The protective lens 80 can be a flat mirror, and covers the entire channel of the first light path 40, so that spatter formed by welding can be prevented from entering the inside of the first light path 40 during welding, thereby avoiding damaging the second focusing lens 44 and prolonging the service life of the laser composite welding head.
For a better understanding of the utility model, embodiments of the laser composite welding head at different power ratios are described below in conjunction with fig. 1-7.
The examples employ: the laser wavelength of the 1000W semiconductor blue light tunable laser is 450nm, the output power is 1000W, the fiber diameter of the optical fiber is 330 μm, and the divergence angle is 0.22 NA;
1500W optical fiber tunable laser, laser wavelength 1070nm, output power 1500W, divergence angle 0.22 NA;
and the laser composite welding head.
Example one
Two red copper sheets with the thickness of 0.5mm are adopted for tailor welding, alcohol is used for wiping the surface of a sample to be welded before welding so as to remove oil stains and dust on the surface, and the surface of the sample is dried to be welded after wiping. And (3) placing the sample in a clamp for pressing, so that the welding part is tightly attached and no gap exists at the joint. When in welding, the clamp is placed on a welding workbench, the workbench moves, and the laser composite welding head continuously emits light for welding. In this embodiment, the power of the blue laser is 100W, the power of the infrared laser is 500W, the welding speed is 15mm/s, the sample is placed at the composite laser focus for welding, the welded sample is sampled, and a metallographic experiment is performed, as shown in fig. 5, the cross-sectional morphology of the obtained weld joint 100 presents a "U" shape, i.e., a typical keyhole shape for heat conduction welding. This is because, with the power ratio selected in this embodiment, the power ratio of blue light during welding is low, and the infrared laser absorbed by the sample is small, so that effective deep fusion welding cannot be performed.
Example two
Two red copper sheets with the thickness of 0.5mm are adopted for tailor welding, alcohol is used for wiping the surface of a sample to be welded before welding so as to remove oil stains and dust on the surface, and the surface of the sample is dried to be welded after wiping. And (3) placing the sample in a clamp for pressing, so that the welding part is tightly attached and no gap exists at the joint. When in welding, the clamp is placed on a welding workbench, the workbench moves, and the laser composite welding head continuously emits light for welding. In this embodiment, the power of the blue laser is 400W, the power of the infrared laser is 700W, the welding speed is 15mm/s, the sample is placed at the composite laser focus for welding, the welded sample is sampled for metallographic experiments, as shown in fig. 6, the cross-sectional morphology of the obtained weld joint 100 presents a V shape, the upper molten pool fusion width is larger, and the fusion width is uniformly reduced along with the increase of the depth. Under the power proportion selected by the embodiment, the keyhole shapes of the blue laser and the infrared laser are mutually influenced, so that a V-shaped appearance caused in the figure is formed.
EXAMPLE III
Two red copper sheets with the thickness of 0.5mm are adopted for tailor welding, alcohol is used for wiping the surface of a sample to be welded before welding so as to remove oil stains and dust on the surface, and the surface of the sample is dried to be welded after wiping. And (3) placing the sample in a clamp for pressing, so that the welding part is tightly attached and no gap exists at the joint. When in welding, the clamp is placed on a welding workbench, the workbench moves, and the laser composite welding head continuously emits light for welding. In this embodiment, the power of the blue laser is 1000W, the power of the infrared laser is 1500W, the welding speed is 15mm/s, the sample is placed at the position of-1 mm of the composite laser focus for welding, the welded sample is sampled and subjected to a metallographic experiment, as shown in fig. 7, the cross-sectional shape of the obtained weld joint 100 integrally presents a 'Y' shape, the upper molten pool has a larger fusion width and presents a typical keyhole shape of heat conduction welding, and the fusion width of the lower molten pool is obviously reduced and presents a typical keyhole shape of deep fusion welding. Under the power proportion selected by the embodiment, two keyhole shapes of the blue laser and the infrared laser are superposed, so that a Y-shaped appearance caused in the figure is formed.
It should be understood that the technical solutions and the inventive concepts according to the present invention may be equally replaced or changed by those skilled in the art, and all such changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A laser composite welding head is characterized by comprising a welding head body, an infrared laser interface, a blue laser interface and a laser emitting port, wherein a first light path and a second light path are arranged in the welding head body, the first light path is respectively communicated with the infrared laser interface and the laser emitting port, and the second light path is respectively communicated with the blue laser interface and the first light path;
the infrared laser interface is connected with infrared laser, the blue laser interface is connected with blue laser, the infrared laser passes through the first light path, the blue laser passes through the second light path and enters the first light path, the infrared laser and the blue laser are coupled in the first light path according to a preset power ratio and are ejected from the laser exit port.
2. The laser composite welding head of claim 1 wherein said preset power ratios comprise: the power of the blue laser is selected to be more than 0W and less than or equal to 300W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be more than 0W and less than or equal to 500W.
3. The laser composite welding head of claim 1 wherein said preset power ratios comprise: the power of the blue laser is selected to be more than 300W and less than 500W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be more than 500W and less than 800W.
4. The laser composite welding head of claim 1 wherein said preset power ratios comprise: the power of the blue laser is selected to be more than or equal to 500W and less than or equal to 1000W, and the power of the infrared laser is selected to be more than or equal to 800W and less than or equal to 1500W.
5. The laser composite welding head of claim 1 wherein the welding speed of the laser composite welding head is less than or equal to 15 mm/s.
6. The laser hybrid welding head of claim 1, wherein the first optical path comprises a first collimating lens, a first focusing lens, a first reflecting lens and a second focusing lens, the infrared laser interface, the first collimating lens, the first focusing lens, the first reflecting lens, the second focusing lens and the laser exit port are sequentially arranged along a first direction, the first reflecting lens forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first direction, and a reflecting surface of the first reflecting lens faces the laser exit port and the second optical path.
7. The laser hybrid welding head of claim 6, wherein said second optical path comprises a second collimating lens, a third focusing lens and a second reflecting lens, said blue laser interface, said second collimating lens, said third focusing lens and said second reflecting lens are arranged in sequence along a first direction, said second reflecting lens forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the first direction, and a reflecting surface of said second reflecting lens faces said first reflecting lens and said third focusing lens.
8. The laser composite welding head of claim 6 further comprising a visual reflection outlet, wherein a visual light path is further disposed in the welding head body, and the visual light path is respectively connected to the visual reflection outlet and the first light path.
9. The laser composite welding head of claim 8 wherein the optical path comprises a third mirror and a fourth mirror, the optical reflection outlet and the third mirror are sequentially arranged along a first direction, the fourth mirror is arranged on the first optical path and located between the first mirror and the second focusing mirror, the third mirror and the fourth mirror are both at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the first direction, the reflection surface of the third mirror faces the optical reflection outlet and the fourth mirror, and the reflection surface of the fourth mirror faces the third mirror and the laser emission outlet.
10. The laser composite welding head of claim 6 further comprising a protective lens disposed between the laser exit port and the second focusing lens.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115570267A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | Blue laser-infrared laser composite welding device and method based on powder |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115570267A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | Blue laser-infrared laser composite welding device and method based on powder |
| CN115570267B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-19 | 华南理工大学 | Blue laser-infrared laser composite welding device and method based on powder material |
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