CN111893485A - Method for double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding, melting and depositing composite cladding layer based on 35# steel - Google Patents
Method for double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding, melting and depositing composite cladding layer based on 35# steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111893485A CN111893485A CN202010872346.6A CN202010872346A CN111893485A CN 111893485 A CN111893485 A CN 111893485A CN 202010872346 A CN202010872346 A CN 202010872346A CN 111893485 A CN111893485 A CN 111893485A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for synchronously feeding powder and melting and depositing a composite cladding layer by double barrels based on 35# steel, which comprises the following steps: selecting alloy powder, wherein the alloy powder comprises Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder and 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder; preheating a workpiece to be clad, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-690 ℃; setting laser cladding process parameters, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of a workpiece to be clad to form a composite cladding layer; and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the workpiece to be clad after laser cladding is finished, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 200-500 ℃ so as to eliminate the thermal stress generated by the laser cladding. The invention provides a process method for realizing surface modification by double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding, melting and deposition based on 35# steel, which can effectively improve the overall strength and corrosion resistance of a structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser melting deposition, and relates to a process method for realizing surface modification based on 35# steel double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding melting deposition.
Background
The 35# steel is used as a building material and is used for manufacturing various mechanical parts in a large quantity, but the problems of low strength and poor corrosion resistance are exposed in the using process of a member, and the service life of the member is greatly shortened. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface thereof to improve the abrasion resistance thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the process method for realizing surface modification by double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding (Ni50, Ni60/316) based on 35# steel is provided, and the overall strength and the corrosion resistance of the structure can be effectively improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for synchronously feeding powder to melt and deposit the composite cladding layer through double cylinders based on 35# steel comprises the following steps:
selecting alloy powder, wherein the alloy powder comprises Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder and 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder;
preheating a workpiece to be clad, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-690 ℃;
setting laser cladding process parameters, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of a workpiece to be clad to form a composite cladding layer;
wherein, the process parameters comprise: the laser power is 3500 plus 4500W, the defocusing amount is 13-17mm, the laser scanning speed is 800 plus 1000mm/min, and the laser spot is a square spot with the side length of 3 mm; the lap joint rate of the single-pass cladding layer is 30-50%, and the thickness of the single-pass cladding layer is 0.2-0.8 mm; the carrier gas flow rate of the 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder is 3-5L/min, the powder feeding rate is 8-15g/min, the carrier gas flow rate of the Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder is 5-8L/min, and the powder feeding rate is 8-15 g/min; synchronously feeding the spherical powder of the 316 austenitic stainless steel metal and the Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder;
and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the workpiece to be clad after laser cladding is finished, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 200-500 ℃ so as to eliminate the thermal stress generated by the laser cladding.
Further, the technical requirements to be met by the Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder and the 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder are as follows: the appearance is uniform silver gray, the particle size is 53-89 mu m, the fluidity is more than or equal to 35s/50g, the sphericity is more than 95%, the content of satellite powder is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 300 ppm.
Further, before laser cladding, the alloy powder is subjected to vacuum drying treatment, so that the metal powder is prevented from absorbing moisture.
Further, before preheating the workpiece to be clad, the method further comprises the step of machining and polishing the region to be clad of the workpiece to be clad so as to remove burrs and damaged parts on the surface of the workpiece to be clad.
Further, after removing burrs and damaged parts on the surface of the workpiece to be clad and before laser cladding, the method further comprises the step of cleaning the surface of the area to be clad of the workpiece to be clad by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone so as to remove grease and dirt.
Further, when laser cladding is carried out, firstly blowing metal powder, adopting argon with the purity of 99.99% for protection, and then starting a laser after set time to carry out laser cladding on a region to be clad;
and protecting the repaired cooling area by adopting nitrogen with the purity of 99.95 percent.
Further, after the laser cladding, after the heat treatment is completed, the method further comprises,
carrying out nondestructive detection on the cladding area; and if the cladding area has air holes and inclusion defects, removing the cladding layer and carrying out laser cladding again.
Further, after the laser cladding, after the heat treatment is completed, the method further comprises,
grinding and polishing the cladding area of the workpiece to meet the requirement of the surface roughness of the workpiece;
and selecting a sample for a cladding area of the cladding workpiece, and carrying out wear-resisting, metallographic and salt spray tests.
Further, in the laser cladding process, the tool for clamping the workpiece to be clad is subjected to surface cleaning, so that the workpiece to be clad is prevented from being polluted.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the high-energy-density laser beam with good directionality, coherence and brightness is used as energy input, so that the rapid cooling and rapid heating of the whole processing process are realized, and the micro-metallurgical cladding modification is realized on a 35# steel base material;
due to the processing mode of quick cooling and quick heating, the melting amount of the surface of the base material is small, the dilution degree of the cladding layer is low, the defects of air holes, powder residues, foreign matter inclusion and the like of the cladding layer are completely eliminated, the quality and the performance are fully ensured, and the bonding degree with the whole base material is good;
the method adopts double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding equipment to synchronously blow Ni50 or Ni60 and 316 metal powder (by utilizing the characteristics of corrosion resistance of the 316 metal powder, high strength, certain corrosion resistance and the like of the Ni50 or Ni60 powder), and can flexibly control a single-layer cladding layer within the range of about 0.2-0.6mm through process control to form a high-strength and high-corrosion-resistance cladding layer; after cladding, the strength of the whole component is improved by 10-30%, the corrosion resistance is greatly superior to that of the original component, and the service life can be expected to be prolonged by not less than 30%.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the embodiment, by means of laser additive manufacturing equipment, a surface modification process is realized by adopting double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding (Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder; 316 austenitic stainless steel metal alloy powder) based on 35# steel through melting deposition, the single layer of a cladding layer is 0.2-0.6mm, the surface modification of the 35# steel base material can be realized, and the service life is prolonged.
The embodiment mainly comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: recording and analyzing the region of the workpiece to be clad according to the drawing of the 35# steel workpiece, and forming an optimal cladding route and scheme by cladding equipment through topological optimization.
The second step is that: before laser cladding processing, all machining or grinding needs to be completed on the area of the workpiece to be clad, such as: removing burrs and removing damaged parts.
The third step: and the surface of the cladding area is cleaned by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, so that the surface of the cladding area is free from grease and dirt. And the laser cladding processing of the area to be clad is finished within 8h after the cleaning is finished, or the surface cleaning is required to be carried out again. Because, if the laser cladding processing is not carried out for a long time after the cleaning is finished, an oxide layer, dirt and the like are easily formed on the surface of the workpiece, and the laser cladding effect is influenced.
The fourth step: the tool for cladding clamping is treated by a mechanical or chemical method, and particularly, in the range of 20-50mm close to a cladding area, the surface of the tool cannot contain pollutants such as oil stains, rusty spots and easily-melted metals which affect the cladding quality or process. And (3) selecting a proper tool to clamp the member to be clad on the workbench, and paying attention to no scratch or collision on the part during clamping.
The fifth step: the gas atomization method is selected to prepare nickel-based alloy (Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder is selected in the embodiment) and 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder. The technical requirements of the metal powder are as follows: the appearance is uniform silver gray, the chemical components meet the technical standard of the material, the particle size is 53-89 mu m, the fluidity is not less than 35s/50g, the sphericity is more than 95%, the content of satellite powder is not more than 0.5%, and the oxygen content is not more than 300 ppm. The uniformity of the particle size, the size of the particle size, the fluidity and the like of the metal powder are positively correlated with the uniformity of the thickness of the laser cladding layer and the number of defects.
And a sixth step: before laser cladding, vacuum drying treatment (120 ℃ for 1h) is carried out on the two selected alloy powders so as to reduce the adverse effect of powder moisture absorption on cladding quality.
The seventh step: and selecting proper temperature for preheating the part according to the grade of the 35# steel substrate material, wherein the preheating temperature is required to ensure that the material structure is not changed, and the influence of thermal stress generated by heat on the part is reduced as much as possible. The preheating temperature is selected to be 500-690 ℃, the heat preservation time is not less than 10min, and the member to be processed is taken out before laser cladding.
Eighth step: setting laser cladding process parameters: the laser power is 3500 plus-minus 4500W, the defocusing amount of the laser is 15 +/-2 mm, the scanning speed is 800 plus-minus 1000mm/min, the light spot is a square light spot with the side length of 3mm, and the flow of the protective gas is 5-8L/min; the lap joint rate of the single-pass cladding layer is 30-50%, and the thickness of the single-pass cladding layer is controllable, namely 0.2-0.8 mm; wherein the carrier gas flow of Ni50 or Ni60 is 5-8L/min, the powder feeding rate is 8-20g/min, the carrier gas flow of 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder is 3-5L/min, and the powder feeding rate is 8-20g/min, so that the two metal powders are blown according to a certain proportion.
The ninth step: operating a program for cladding: firstly, blowing two selected metal powders in a synchronous powder feeding mode, adopting argon with the purity of 99.99% for protection, adding nitrogen with the purity of 99.95% on the side surface which is 5-8 mm away from the same axis to protect a repair cooling area (the gas flow is 5-8L/min), and starting a laser (the power output requirement of laser equipment is 50% -100%, and the actual output power stability is not less than 3%) after 8-15 seconds to carry out laser cladding on the area to be clad.
The tenth step: carrying out heat treatment on the workpiece within 2h after laser cladding, wherein the heat treatment temperature is as follows: 200 deg.C and 500 deg.C, in order to eliminate the repairing stress.
The eleventh step: carrying out nondestructive detection (including fluorescence, magnetic powder, X-ray or ultrasonic wave and the like) on a region to be clad of the workpiece, wherein the clad part has no defects such as air holes, impurities and the like; if the defects are found, the cladding part needs to be removed in a mechanical processing mode, and cladding is carried out again.
The twelfth step: and (4) processing the cladding component in a grinding and polishing mode to meet the requirement of the surface roughness of the part.
The thirteenth step: selecting a sample piece from the clad workpiece to perform detection tests such as mechanics, metallographic phase, salt spray and the like, and receiving and warehousing after meeting the requirements; if the requirement is not met, the cladding part needs to be removed in a mechanical processing mode, cladding is carried out again, and cladding is only allowed to be repeated for 1 time.
The fourteenth step is that: the component is qualified after cladding, heat treatment, grinding and polishing, the surface protection treatment is carried out on the whole component, cladding records are made and filed, and the contents comprise: the number, the size, the position, the cladding process parameters, the cladding times, the inspection conclusion and the like.
Claims (9)
1. A method for synchronously feeding powder and melting and depositing a composite cladding layer through double barrels based on 35# steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting alloy powder, wherein the alloy powder comprises one of Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder and 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder;
preheating a workpiece to be clad, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-690 ℃;
setting laser cladding process parameters, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of a workpiece to be clad to form a composite cladding layer;
wherein, the process parameters comprise: the laser power is 3500 plus 4500W, the defocusing amount is 13-17mm, the laser scanning speed is 800 plus 1000mm/min, and the laser spot is a square spot with the side length of 3 mm; the lap joint rate of the single-pass cladding layer is 30-50%, and the thickness of the single-pass cladding layer is 0.2-0.8 mm; the carrier gas flow rate of the 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder is 3-5L/min, the powder feeding speed is 8-20g/min, the carrier gas flow rate of the Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder is 5-8L/min, and the powder feeding speed is 8-20 g/min; synchronously feeding the spherical powder of the 316 austenitic stainless steel metal and the Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder;
and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the workpiece to be clad after laser cladding is finished, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 200-500 ℃ so as to eliminate the thermal stress generated by the laser cladding.
2. The method for double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding melting deposition of the composite cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein the technical requirements to be met by the Ni50 or Ni60 metal powder and the 316 austenitic stainless steel metal spherical powder are as follows: the appearance is uniform silver gray, the particle size is 53-89 mu m, the fluidity is more than or equal to 35s/50g, the sphericity is more than 95%, the content of satellite powder is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 300 ppm.
3. The method for double-drum synchronous powder feeding, melting and depositing the composite cladding layer according to claim 2, wherein before laser cladding, the alloy powder is subjected to vacuum drying treatment to avoid moisture absorption of the metal powder.
4. The method for synchronously feeding powder, melting and depositing the composite cladding layer through the double barrels of the claim 1, wherein before preheating the workpiece to be clad, the method further comprises machining and grinding the region to be clad of the workpiece to be clad so as to remove burrs and damaged parts on the surface of the workpiece to be clad.
5. The method for double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding, melting and depositing the composite cladding layer according to claim 4, wherein after removing burrs and damaged parts on the surface of the workpiece to be clad and before laser cladding, the method further comprises cleaning the surface of the region to be clad of the workpiece to be clad by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone to remove grease and dirt.
6. The method for melting and depositing the composite cladding layer by the double-cylinder synchronous powder feeding and according to claim 1, is characterized in that when performing laser cladding, metal powder is blown firstly, argon with the purity of 99.99% is adopted for protection, and then after the set time, a laser is started to perform laser cladding on a region to be clad;
and protecting the repaired cooling area by adopting nitrogen with the purity of 99.95 percent.
7. The method for twin-drum simultaneous powder-feeding fusion deposition of a composite cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein after the completion of the heat treatment after the laser cladding, the method further comprises,
carrying out nondestructive detection on the cladding area; and if the cladding area has air holes and inclusion defects, removing the cladding layer and carrying out laser cladding again.
8. The method for twin-barrel simultaneous powder-feeding fusion deposition of a composite cladding layer according to claim 7, wherein after the completion of the heat treatment after the laser cladding, the method further comprises,
grinding and polishing the cladding area of the workpiece to meet the requirement of the surface roughness of the workpiece;
and selecting a sample for a cladding area of the cladding workpiece, and carrying out wear-resisting, metallographic and salt spray tests.
9. The method for synchronously feeding powder, melting and depositing the composite cladding layer through the double barrels of the claim 1, wherein in the laser cladding process, the tool for clamping the workpiece to be clad is cleaned on the surface, so that the workpiece to be clad is prevented from being polluted.
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Cited By (1)
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