WO2024027852A1 - Method and device for cladding high-reflection material using short wavelength ultra-high speed laser - Google Patents

Method and device for cladding high-reflection material using short wavelength ultra-high speed laser Download PDF

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WO2024027852A1
WO2024027852A1 PCT/CN2023/122010 CN2023122010W WO2024027852A1 WO 2024027852 A1 WO2024027852 A1 WO 2024027852A1 CN 2023122010 W CN2023122010 W CN 2023122010W WO 2024027852 A1 WO2024027852 A1 WO 2024027852A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
rectangular
wavelength
short
cladding
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PCT/CN2023/122010
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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卢冰文
闫星辰
高硕洪
王岳亮
邓朝阳
邓畅光
刘敏
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广东省科学院新材料研究所
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Publication of WO2024027852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024027852A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and specifically to short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding methods and devices for highly reflective materials.
  • Aluminum alloy is widely used in aerospace, automobile and other fields due to its advantages of low density, high thermal conductivity, good processing performance and excellent mechanical properties. Copper alloy has high thermal conductivity and self-lubricating properties and is widely used in marine equipment, steel metallurgy and other fields. However, the surface wear resistance of copper and aluminum materials is poor, which has become a key factor limiting their large-scale application. Surface coating technology can add a layer of "protective coating" on the surface of copper, aluminum and other metal materials, which is its key factor in high-end applications. It is an indispensable key technology for applications in extreme working conditions such as wear resistance, corrosion, and high temperature.
  • Ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is a new type of surface coating technology. Due to its high efficiency, interface metallurgical bonding, and wide selection of raw materials, it has become an important means of surface protection for metal materials and parts. Many people have also tried to use ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology.
  • High-speed laser cladding technology is used for surface protection of copper, aluminum and other materials. However, since copper, aluminum, etc. are highly reflective materials, the absorption rate of the 1064nm wavelength infrared laser used by traditional ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment is extremely low. In addition, Highly reflective substrates conduct heat quickly, resulting in poor cladding quality, with a large number of pores, cracks, unfusion and other defects, and a large amount of reflected energy directly causing damage to cladding equipment.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method and device for highly reflective materials.
  • the invention is implemented as follows:
  • the present invention provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method for highly reflective materials.
  • a short-wavelength laser is used to perform laser cladding on the surface of the highly reflective material.
  • the short-wavelength laser is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455 nm or a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455 nm. 515nm disc green laser;
  • the light spot of the laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser is a rectangular light spot.
  • the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle.
  • the rectangular powder feeding nozzle has a rectangular powder outlet. The long sides of the rectangular light spot and the long sides of the rectangular powder outlet parallel;
  • the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser and the particle beam ejected from the rectangular powder feeding nozzle intersect before reaching the base material.
  • the highly reflective material is a base material composed of at least one element among copper, aluminum, gold and silver.
  • the laser cladding process is performed in an environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
  • the output power of the short-wavelength laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning line speed is 100-300m/min.
  • the output width of the rectangular light spot is 1 to 2 mm, and the length is 5 to 30 mm.
  • the present invention provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device for highly reflective materials, including a short-wavelength laser, a rectangular laser cladding processing head, a powder feeding device and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle.
  • the short-wavelength laser is a blue laser or a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. green laser;
  • the short-wavelength laser is connected to the rectangular laser cladding processing head.
  • the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the laser spot emitted is rectangular;
  • the powder feeding device is connected to a rectangular powder feeding nozzle.
  • the rectangular powder feeding nozzle has a rectangular powder outlet.
  • the long side of the rectangular powder outlet is parallel to the long side of the rectangular light spot.
  • the powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet is consistent with the rectangular laser cladding processing head.
  • the laser projection directions intersect;
  • the blue laser is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455nm; or the green laser is a disc-type green laser with a wavelength of 515nm.
  • the laser cladding device also includes an atmosphere protective cover and a processing machine tool.
  • the rectangular laser cladding processing head, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle, and the processing machine tool are located in the atmosphere protective cover.
  • the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle are located in the atmosphere protective cover.
  • the powder nozzle is located above the processing machine tool.
  • the technical solution provided by this application uses a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate.
  • Highly reflective metals have a high absorption rate of short-wavelength lasers and are less likely to produce high-energy reflections and thus less likely to damage the cladding equipment; considering the short-wavelength Compared with long-wavelength lasers, wavelength lasers provide less energy and may have the problem of low forming efficiency.
  • This application chooses to use rectangular laser cladding processing so that the laser beam spot is a rectangular spot. Compared with the circular spot, the rectangular spot is more obvious. Improve the forming efficiency of short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding.
  • the laser cladding device provided by this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the cladding quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the use of short-wavelength lasers, there is less energy reflection. Little damage to cladding equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the working state of the laser beam and the particle beam during the implementation of the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 3 shows the state of the laser beam and particle beam during the implementation of the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Top view.
  • Icon 1-control system; 2-short wavelength laser; 3-gas cylinder; 4-powder feeding device; 5-processing machine tool; 6-rectangular laser cladding processing head; 7-rectangular powder feeding nozzle; 8-base material; 9-Atmosphere protective cover; 11-Laser beam; 12-Particle beam.
  • the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device for highly reflective materials includes a short-wavelength laser 2, a rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, a powder feeding device 4 and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7.
  • the short-wavelength laser 2 is a blue laser or a green laser; the blue laser can be a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455nm; the green laser can be a disc-type green laser with a wavelength of 515nm.
  • the short-wavelength laser 2 is connected to the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6.
  • the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 is processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 and the laser spot emitted is rectangular;
  • the powder feeding device 4 is connected with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7.
  • the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 has a rectangular powder outlet.
  • the long side of the rectangular powder outlet is parallel to the long side of the rectangular light spot.
  • the powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet is in line with the rectangular laser melting port.
  • the laser projection directions of the coating processing head 6 intersect.
  • the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device uses a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate.
  • the highly reflective metal has a high absorption rate for short-wavelength lasers and is less likely to produce high-energy reflections, thereby less likely to damage the melt.
  • the light spot of the laser beam 11 is a rectangular light spot. Compared with the circular light spot, the rectangular light spot can significantly improve the forming efficiency of laser cladding.
  • the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device provided in this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the cladding quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the use of short-wavelength laser 2 , less energy reflection and less damage to cladding equipment.
  • the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 may be a device having an internal collimating mirror, a reflecting mirror, a focusing mirror, an even light mirror and a protective mirror. After the laser light emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 passes through the above-mentioned components in the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, the spot of the focused beam becomes rectangular.
  • the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 is an existing technology. When used by those skilled in the art, the emitted light spot can be made into a rectangular shape by adjusting the optical parts in the existing laser head that emits circular laser. The laser beam 11, therefore, its structure will not be described in detail here.
  • the laser cladding device also includes an atmosphere protective cover 9 and a processing machine tool 5.
  • a rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 are located in the atmosphere protective cover 9.
  • the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 are located in the atmosphere protective cover 9.
  • the nozzle 7 is located above the processing machine tool 5 .
  • the atmosphere protective cover 9 is used to isolate oxygen and make the cladding environment an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment. It can prevent the surface oxidation of highly reflective metal materials such as copper and aluminum during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, reduce the formation of defects, and ensure the quality of cladding. .
  • the laser cladding device also includes a gas cylinder 3 and a control system 1.
  • the gas bottle 3 is connected with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 and provides carrier gas for the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 .
  • the control system 1 is electrically connected to all equipment in the device and is used to control each equipment to work within the set process parameter conditions.
  • the laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of this application uses a short-wavelength laser 2 to perform laser cladding on the surface of highly reflective materials.
  • the short-wavelength laser 2 is a blue laser or a green laser;
  • the laser spot emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 is a rectangular spot, and the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeder.
  • Nozzle 7, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 has a rectangular powder outlet, and the long side of the rectangular light spot is parallel to the long side of the rectangular powder outlet;
  • This short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method uses a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate.
  • the highly reflective metal has a high absorption rate of short-wavelength lasers and is less likely to produce high-energy reflections, which in turn is less likely to damage the cladding equipment;
  • a rectangular spot laser beam 11 is used for laser cladding. Compared with a circular spot, the rectangular spot can significantly improve the laser cladding molding efficiency.
  • the laser cladding method provided in this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the coating quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the use of short-wavelength laser 2, there is less energy reflection, Little damage to cladding equipment.
  • the output width of the rectangular light spot is 1 to 2 mm, and the length is 5 to 30 mm.
  • Using a laser beam 11 with a laser spot of the above-mentioned output size for laser cladding can maintain a high quality of the coating produced.
  • the highly reflective material may be, for example, a base material composed of at least one element among copper, aluminum, gold and silver.
  • the laser cladding process is performed in an environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
  • the purpose of carrying out the above-mentioned low-oxygen environment is to prevent the surface oxidation of highly reflective metal materials such as copper and aluminum during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, reduce the formation of defects, and ensure the quality of cladding.
  • An environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm may be formed by, for example, an inert gas replacement atmosphere protective cover 9 .
  • the output power of the short-wavelength laser 2 is 1000-3000W (for example, 1000W, 2000W or 3000W), and the scanning line speed is 100-300m/min (100m/min, 200m/min or 300m/min).
  • This embodiment provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method for highly reflective materials, which uses the laser cladding device for highly reflective materials provided by this application to deposit a coating on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate.
  • the laser used is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455nm.
  • the output width of the rectangular spot is 11mm and the length is 10mm.
  • the laser cladding process operates when the oxygen content is less than 1000ppm, the carrier gas flow rate is 6L/min, and the nozzle powder output rate is 15g/min.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the short-wavelength laser is a disk-type green laser with a wavelength of 515 nm.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the differences are shown in Table 1.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the differences are shown in Table 1.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the atmosphere protective cover is not replaced with inert gas, and the atmosphere inside it is the same as the outside world.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that an infrared fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm is used for laser cladding.
  • This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the output light spot is controlled to be a circular light spot with the same area as the rectangular light spot in Embodiment 1.
  • the test method refers to the national standard GB/T 17720-1999. Record the test results in Table 1.
  • the coating material in the table is FeCrBSi with an element molar ratio of 1:1:1:1.
  • the coatings prepared by the cladding methods of each embodiment of the present application have good cladding quality and the surface porosity of the coating is low.
  • Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1 the cladding effect of Comparative Example 1 is poor, indicating that the substrate surface oxidation during the cladding process can improve the cladding quality; comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 comparison, it can be seen that the cladding effect of Comparative Example 2 is significantly worse than that of Example 1. It can be seen that using long-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding compared with short-wavelength laser, the coating produced has significantly more defects. ; Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, the cladding efficiency of Example 1 is higher, indicating that using a rectangular spot laser for laser cladding can improve the cladding efficiency.
  • the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device and method provided by the embodiments of this application use a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate.
  • the highly reflective metal has a high absorption rate of short-wavelength laser and is less likely to generate high energy. Reflection, thus making it less likely to damage the cladding equipment; considering that short-wavelength lasers provide less energy than long-wavelength lasers and may have low forming efficiency, this application chooses to use rectangular laser cladding processing to make the laser beam spot rectangular. Compared with the circular light spot, the rectangular light spot can significantly improve the forming efficiency of laser cladding.
  • the laser cladding device provided in this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the cladding quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the Using short-wavelength lasers results in less energy reflection and less damage to cladding equipment.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and a method and device for cladding a high-reflection material using a short wavelength ultra-high speed laser are disclosed. In the above method, a short-wavelength laser is employed to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the surface of the high-reflection material, a spot of a laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser is a rectangular spot, a nozzle used in a cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle having a rectangular powder outlet, and long sides of the rectangular spot are parallel to long sides of the rectangular powder outlet. The above device comprises a short-wavelength laser, a rectangular laser cladding processing head, a powder feeding device, and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. The device and the method employ the short-wavelength laser to carry out a cladding treatment, such that the laser absorption rates of a high-reflection material such as copper, aluminum, etc. can be significantly increased, a stable melting pool is formed, the loss of laser power and cladding defects are reduced, the quality of a formed coating is ensured, damage to an apparatus caused by laser reflection is reduced, and the device and the method have good application prospects in the fields of aerospace, marine apparatuses, iron and steel metallurgy, etc.

Description

高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法和装置Short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method and device for highly reflective materials 技术领域：Technical areas:
本发明涉及激光熔覆技术领域，具体而言，涉及高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法和装置。The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding, and specifically to short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding methods and devices for highly reflective materials.
背景技术：Background technique:
铝合金因其密度低、导热性高、加工性能好、机械性能优异的优点，广泛应用在航空航天、汽车等领域。铜合金具有高导热性和自润滑性能，广泛应用于海洋装备、钢铁冶金等领域。但铜、铝材料的表面耐磨性较差，成为限制其大规模应用的关键因素，而表面涂层技术可在铜、铝等金属材料表面加上一层“保护衣”，是其在高耐磨、腐蚀、高温等极端工况应用不可或缺的关键技术。Aluminum alloy is widely used in aerospace, automobile and other fields due to its advantages of low density, high thermal conductivity, good processing performance and excellent mechanical properties. Copper alloy has high thermal conductivity and self-lubricating properties and is widely used in marine equipment, steel metallurgy and other fields. However, the surface wear resistance of copper and aluminum materials is poor, which has become a key factor limiting their large-scale application. Surface coating technology can add a layer of "protective coating" on the surface of copper, aluminum and other metal materials, which is its key factor in high-end applications. It is an indispensable key technology for applications in extreme working conditions such as wear resistance, corrosion, and high temperature.
超高速激光熔覆技术是一种新型的表面涂层技术，由于其高效率、界面冶金结合、原材料选择广等优点，成为金属材料及其零部件表面防护的重要手段，许多人也尝试使用超高速激光熔覆技术应用于铜、铝等材料的表面防护，但是，由于铜、铝等属于高反射材料，对传统超高速激光熔覆设备使用的1064nm波长红外激光的吸收率极低，加上高反射基材导热速度快，导致熔覆质量差，存在大量的孔隙、裂纹和未熔合等缺陷，且大量反射能量直接对熔覆设备造成损伤。Ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology is a new type of surface coating technology. Due to its high efficiency, interface metallurgical bonding, and wide selection of raw materials, it has become an important means of surface protection for metal materials and parts. Many people have also tried to use ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology. High-speed laser cladding technology is used for surface protection of copper, aluminum and other materials. However, since copper, aluminum, etc. are highly reflective materials, the absorption rate of the 1064nm wavelength infrared laser used by traditional ultra-high-speed laser cladding equipment is extremely low. In addition, Highly reflective substrates conduct heat quickly, resulting in poor cladding quality, with a large number of pores, cracks, unfusion and other defects, and a large amount of reflected energy directly causing damage to cladding equipment.
鉴于此，特提出本发明。In view of this, the present invention is proposed.
发明内容：Contents of the invention:
本发明的目的在于提供高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法和装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method and device for highly reflective materials.
本发明是这样实现的： The invention is implemented as follows:
第一方面，本发明提供一种高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，采用短波长激光器对高反射材料表面进行激光熔覆，所述短波长激光器为波长455nm的半导体蓝光激光器或波长515nm的碟片式绿光激光器；In a first aspect, the present invention provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method for highly reflective materials. A short-wavelength laser is used to perform laser cladding on the surface of the highly reflective material. The short-wavelength laser is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455 nm or a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455 nm. 515nm disc green laser;
短波长激光器发射出的激光的光斑为矩形光斑，熔覆过程中所使用的喷嘴为矩形送粉喷嘴，矩形送粉喷嘴具有矩形出粉口，矩形光斑的长边与矩形出粉口的长边平行；The light spot of the laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser is a rectangular light spot. The nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. The rectangular powder feeding nozzle has a rectangular powder outlet. The long sides of the rectangular light spot and the long sides of the rectangular powder outlet parallel;
短波长激光器发出的激光束和矩形送粉喷嘴喷出的颗粒束在达到基体材料之前相交。The laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser and the particle beam ejected from the rectangular powder feeding nozzle intersect before reaching the base material.
在可选的实施方式中，高反射材料为铜、铝、金和银中至少一种元素组成的基体材料。In an optional embodiment, the highly reflective material is a base material composed of at least one element among copper, aluminum, gold and silver.
在可选的实施方式中，激光熔覆过程在氧气含量小于1000ppm的环境下进行。In an optional embodiment, the laser cladding process is performed in an environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
在可选的实施方式中，短波长激光器的输出功率为1000～3000W，扫描线速度为100～300m/min。In an optional implementation, the output power of the short-wavelength laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning line speed is 100-300m/min.
在可选的实施方式中，矩形光斑的输出宽度为1～2mm，长度为5～30mm。In an optional implementation, the output width of the rectangular light spot is 1 to 2 mm, and the length is 5 to 30 mm.
第二方面，本发明提供一种高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置，包括短波长激光器、矩形激光熔覆加工头、送粉装置和矩形送粉喷嘴，短波长激光器为蓝光激光器或绿光激光器；In a second aspect, the present invention provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device for highly reflective materials, including a short-wavelength laser, a rectangular laser cladding processing head, a powder feeding device and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. The short-wavelength laser is a blue laser or a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. green laser;
短波长激光器与矩形激光熔覆加工头连接，短波长激光器发出的激光由矩形激光熔覆加工头处理后发出的激光的光斑为矩形；The short-wavelength laser is connected to the rectangular laser cladding processing head. The laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the laser spot emitted is rectangular;
送粉装置与矩形送粉喷嘴连通，矩形送粉喷嘴具有矩形出粉口，矩形出粉口的长边与矩形光斑的长边平行，矩形出粉口的出粉方向与矩形激光熔覆加工头的激光投射方向相交；The powder feeding device is connected to a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. The rectangular powder feeding nozzle has a rectangular powder outlet. The long side of the rectangular powder outlet is parallel to the long side of the rectangular light spot. The powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet is consistent with the rectangular laser cladding processing head. The laser projection directions intersect;
蓝光激光器为波长455nm的半导体蓝光激光器；或者，绿光激光器为波长515nm的碟片式绿光激光器。 The blue laser is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455nm; or the green laser is a disc-type green laser with a wavelength of 515nm.
在可选的实施方式中，激光熔覆装置还包括气氛保护罩和加工机床，矩形激光熔覆加工头和矩形送粉喷嘴以及加工机床位于气氛保护罩内，矩形激光熔覆加工头和矩形送粉喷嘴位于加工机床上方。In an optional embodiment, the laser cladding device also includes an atmosphere protective cover and a processing machine tool. The rectangular laser cladding processing head, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle, and the processing machine tool are located in the atmosphere protective cover. The rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle are located in the atmosphere protective cover. The powder nozzle is located above the processing machine tool.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The invention has the following beneficial effects:
本申请提供的技术方案，采用短波长的激光器对高反射金属基体进行激光熔覆，高反射金属对短波长激光吸收率高，不易产生高能量的反射，进而不易损伤熔覆设备；考虑到短波长激光相对于长波长的激光能量提供较少可能存在成形效率低的问题，本申请选择使用矩形激光熔覆加工使是激光束的光斑为矩形光斑，矩形光斑相较于圆形的光斑可明显提高短波长超高速激光熔覆的成形效率。因此，本申请提供的激光熔覆装置对高反射金属基材进行激光熔覆镀涂层时，熔覆质量高，孔隙、裂纹和未熔合等缺陷少；由于采用短波长激光器，能量反射少，对熔覆设备损伤小。The technical solution provided by this application uses a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate. Highly reflective metals have a high absorption rate of short-wavelength lasers and are less likely to produce high-energy reflections and thus less likely to damage the cladding equipment; considering the short-wavelength Compared with long-wavelength lasers, wavelength lasers provide less energy and may have the problem of low forming efficiency. This application chooses to use rectangular laser cladding processing so that the laser beam spot is a rectangular spot. Compared with the circular spot, the rectangular spot is more obvious. Improve the forming efficiency of short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding. Therefore, when the laser cladding device provided by this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the cladding quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the use of short-wavelength lasers, there is less energy reflection. Little damage to cladding equipment.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1为本申请实施例提供的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法实施时激光束与颗粒束的工作状态主视图；Figure 2 is a front view of the working state of the laser beam and the particle beam during the implementation of the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例提供的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法实施时激光束与颗粒束的状态的 俯视图。Figure 3 shows the state of the laser beam and particle beam during the implementation of the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of the present application. Top view.
图标：1-控制系统；2-短波长激光器；3-气瓶；4-送粉装置；5-加工机床；6-矩形激光熔覆加工头；7-矩形送粉喷嘴；8-基体材料；9-气氛保护罩；11-激光束；12-颗粒束。Icon: 1-control system; 2-short wavelength laser; 3-gas cylinder; 4-powder feeding device; 5-processing machine tool; 6-rectangular laser cladding processing head; 7-rectangular powder feeding nozzle; 8-base material; 9-Atmosphere protective cover; 11-Laser beam; 12-Particle beam.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the conditions should be carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not indicated, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
下面对本申请提供的高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法及装置进行具体描述。The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method and device for highly reflective materials provided by this application will be described in detail below.
如图1-3所示，本申请实施例提供的高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置，包括短波长激光器2、矩形激光熔覆加工头6、送粉装置4和矩形送粉喷嘴7，短波长激光器2为蓝光激光器或绿光激光器；蓝光激光器可以波长455nm的半导体蓝光激光器；绿光激光器可以波长515nm的碟片式绿光激光器。As shown in Figures 1-3, the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device for highly reflective materials provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a short-wavelength laser 2, a rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, a powder feeding device 4 and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7. The short-wavelength laser 2 is a blue laser or a green laser; the blue laser can be a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455nm; the green laser can be a disc-type green laser with a wavelength of 515nm.
短波长激光器2与矩形激光熔覆加工头6连接，短波长激光器2发出的激光由矩形激光熔覆加工头6处理后发出的激光的光斑为矩形；The short-wavelength laser 2 is connected to the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6. The laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 is processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 and the laser spot emitted is rectangular;
送粉装置4与矩形送粉喷嘴7连通，矩形送粉喷嘴7具有矩形出粉口，矩形出粉口的长边与矩形光斑的长边平行，矩形出粉口的出粉方向与矩形激光熔覆加工头6的激光投射方向相交。The powder feeding device 4 is connected with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7. The rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 has a rectangular powder outlet. The long side of the rectangular powder outlet is parallel to the long side of the rectangular light spot. The powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet is in line with the rectangular laser melting port. The laser projection directions of the coating processing head 6 intersect.
本申请提供的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置，采用短波长的激光器对高反射金属基体进行激光熔覆，高反射金属对短波长激光吸收率高，不易产生高能量的反射，进而不易损伤熔覆设备；考虑到短波长激光相对于长波长的激光能量提供较少可能存在成形效率低的问题，本 申请选择使用矩形激光熔覆加工头6是激光束11的光斑为矩形光斑，矩形光斑相较于圆形的光斑可明显提高激光熔覆的成型效率。因此，本申请提供的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置对高反射金属基材进行激光熔覆镀涂层时，熔覆质量高，孔隙、裂纹和未熔合等缺陷少；由于采用短波长激光器2，能量反射少，对熔覆设备损伤小。The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device provided by this application uses a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate. The highly reflective metal has a high absorption rate for short-wavelength lasers and is less likely to produce high-energy reflections, thereby less likely to damage the melt. Covering equipment; considering that short-wavelength lasers provide less energy than long-wavelength lasers and may have low forming efficiency, this paper When applying for the choice of using the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, the light spot of the laser beam 11 is a rectangular light spot. Compared with the circular light spot, the rectangular light spot can significantly improve the forming efficiency of laser cladding. Therefore, when the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device provided in this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the cladding quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the use of short-wavelength laser 2 , less energy reflection and less damage to cladding equipment.
具体地，矩形激光熔覆加工头6可以是内部具有内准直镜、反射镜、聚焦镜、匀光镜和保护镜的装置。在短波长激光器2发出的激光经过矩形激光熔覆加工头6内的上述各零部件后使聚光束的光斑呈矩形。需要说明的是，该矩形激光熔覆加工头6为现有技术，本领域技术人员在使用时，可通过调整现有的发射圆形激光的激光头内的光学零件即可实现发射光斑为矩形的激光束11，因此，在此对其结构不做过多赘述。Specifically, the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 may be a device having an internal collimating mirror, a reflecting mirror, a focusing mirror, an even light mirror and a protective mirror. After the laser light emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 passes through the above-mentioned components in the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6, the spot of the focused beam becomes rectangular. It should be noted that the rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 is an existing technology. When used by those skilled in the art, the emitted light spot can be made into a rectangular shape by adjusting the optical parts in the existing laser head that emits circular laser. The laser beam 11, therefore, its structure will not be described in detail here.
激光熔覆装置还包括气氛保护罩9和加工机床5，矩形激光熔覆加工头6和矩形送粉喷嘴7以及加工机床5位于气氛保护罩9内，矩形激光熔覆加工头6和矩形送粉喷嘴7位于加工机床5上方。The laser cladding device also includes an atmosphere protective cover 9 and a processing machine tool 5. A rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 are located in the atmosphere protective cover 9. The rectangular laser cladding processing head 6 and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 are located in the atmosphere protective cover 9. The nozzle 7 is located above the processing machine tool 5 .
气氛保护罩9用于隔绝氧气，使得熔覆环境为无氧或低氧环境，可防止超高速激光熔覆过程铜、铝等高反射金属材料的表面氧化，减少缺陷的形成，保证熔覆质量。The atmosphere protective cover 9 is used to isolate oxygen and make the cladding environment an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment. It can prevent the surface oxidation of highly reflective metal materials such as copper and aluminum during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, reduce the formation of defects, and ensure the quality of cladding. .
激光熔覆装置还包括气瓶3和控制系统1。气瓶3与矩形送粉喷嘴7连通，为矩形送粉喷嘴7提供载气。控制系统1与装置内的所有设备电连接，用于控制各个设备在设定的工艺参数条件内进行工作。The laser cladding device also includes a gas cylinder 3 and a control system 1. The gas bottle 3 is connected with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 and provides carrier gas for the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 . The control system 1 is electrically connected to all equipment in the device and is used to control each equipment to work within the set process parameter conditions.
本申请实施例提供的激光熔覆方法，采用短波长激光器2对高反射材料表面进行激光熔覆，短波长激光器2为蓝光激光器或绿光激光器；The laser cladding method provided by the embodiment of this application uses a short-wavelength laser 2 to perform laser cladding on the surface of highly reflective materials. The short-wavelength laser 2 is a blue laser or a green laser;
短波长激光器2发射出的激光的光斑为矩形光斑，熔覆过程中所使用的喷嘴为矩形送粉 喷嘴7，矩形送粉喷嘴7具有矩形出粉口，矩形光斑的长边与矩形出粉口的长边平行；The laser spot emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 is a rectangular spot, and the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeder. Nozzle 7, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 has a rectangular powder outlet, and the long side of the rectangular light spot is parallel to the long side of the rectangular powder outlet;
短波长激光器2发出的激光束11和矩形送粉喷嘴7喷出的颗粒束12在达到基体材料8之前相交。The laser beam 11 emitted by the short-wavelength laser 2 and the particle beam 12 ejected from the rectangular powder feeding nozzle 7 intersect before reaching the base material 8 .
该短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，采用短波长的激光器对高反射金属基体进行激光熔覆，高反射金属对短波长激光吸收率高，不易产生高能量的反射，进而不易损伤熔覆设备；考虑到短波长激光相对于长波长的激光能量提供较少可能存在成型效率低的问题，使用矩形光斑的激光束11进行激光熔覆，矩形光斑相较于圆形的光斑可明显提高激光熔覆的成型效率。因此，本申请提供的激光熔覆方法对高反射金属基材进行激光熔覆镀涂层时，覆质量高，孔隙、裂纹和未熔合等缺陷少；由于采用短波长激光器2，能量反射少，对熔覆设备损伤小。This short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method uses a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate. The highly reflective metal has a high absorption rate of short-wavelength lasers and is less likely to produce high-energy reflections, which in turn is less likely to damage the cladding equipment; Considering that short-wavelength lasers provide less energy than long-wavelength lasers and may have low molding efficiency, a rectangular spot laser beam 11 is used for laser cladding. Compared with a circular spot, the rectangular spot can significantly improve the laser cladding molding efficiency. Therefore, when the laser cladding method provided in this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the coating quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the use of short-wavelength laser 2, there is less energy reflection, Little damage to cladding equipment.
优选地，矩形光斑的输出宽度为1～2mm，长度为5～30mm。Preferably, the output width of the rectangular light spot is 1 to 2 mm, and the length is 5 to 30 mm.
采用具有上述输出尺寸的激光光斑的激光束11进行激光熔覆，可保持制得的涂层具有较高的质量。Using a laser beam 11 with a laser spot of the above-mentioned output size for laser cladding can maintain a high quality of the coating produced.
进一步地，高反射材料例如可以为铜、铝、金和银中至少一种元素组成的基体材料。Further, the highly reflective material may be, for example, a base material composed of at least one element among copper, aluminum, gold and silver.
优选地，激光熔覆过程在氧气含量小于1000ppm的环境下进行。Preferably, the laser cladding process is performed in an environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
在上述低氧环境下进行目的是防止超高速激光熔覆过程铜、铝等高反射金属材料的表面氧化，减少缺陷的形成，保证熔覆质量。The purpose of carrying out the above-mentioned low-oxygen environment is to prevent the surface oxidation of highly reflective metal materials such as copper and aluminum during the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, reduce the formation of defects, and ensure the quality of cladding.
氧气含量小于1000ppm的环境例如可以是由惰性气体置换气氛保护罩9形成。An environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm may be formed by, for example, an inert gas replacement atmosphere protective cover 9 .
优选的，短波长激光器2的输出功率为1000～3000W(例如1000W、2000W或3000W)，扫描线速度为100～300m/min(100m/min、200m/min或300m/min)。Preferably, the output power of the short-wavelength laser 2 is 1000-3000W (for example, 1000W, 2000W or 3000W), and the scanning line speed is 100-300m/min (100m/min, 200m/min or 300m/min).
在上述功率和扫描线速度下进行激光熔覆可获得高质量的涂层。 Laser cladding at the above mentioned powers and scanning line speeds results in high quality coatings.
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。The features and performance of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供一种高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，其采用本申请提供的高反射材料的激光熔覆装置在铝合金基材表面沉积镀层。This embodiment provides a short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method for highly reflective materials, which uses the laser cladding device for highly reflective materials provided by this application to deposit a coating on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate.
采用的激光器为波长455nm的半导体蓝光激光器，矩形光斑的输出宽度为11mm，长度10mm。The laser used is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455nm. The output width of the rectangular spot is 11mm and the length is 10mm.
激光熔覆过程在氧气含量小于1000ppm，载气流速6L/min，喷嘴出粉速率15g/min。The laser cladding process operates when the oxygen content is less than 1000ppm, the carrier gas flow rate is 6L/min, and the nozzle powder output rate is 15g/min.
其他工艺参数见表1。Other process parameters are shown in Table 1.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于：短波长激光器为波长515nm的碟片式绿光激光器。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the short-wavelength laser is a disk-type green laser with a wavelength of 515 nm.
其他工艺参数见表1。Other process parameters are shown in Table 1.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处见表1。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the differences are shown in Table 1.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处见表1。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the differences are shown in Table 1.
对比例1Comparative example 1
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于：未对气氛保护罩进行惰性气体置换，其内的气氛与外界相同。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the atmosphere protective cover is not replaced with inert gas, and the atmosphere inside it is the same as the outside world.
对比例2 Comparative example 2
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于：采用波长1064nm的红外光纤激光器进行激光熔覆。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that an infrared fiber laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm is used for laser cladding.
对比例3Comparative example 3
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于：控制输出光斑为与实施例1矩形光斑面积相等的圆形光斑。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the output light spot is controlled to be a circular light spot with the same area as the rectangular light spot in Embodiment 1.
实验例Experimental example
观察各实施例和对比例形成的涂层的熔覆质量，以及测试各实施例和对比例形成的涂层的孔隙率，测试方法参考国家标准GB/T 17720-1999。将测试结果记录至表1。表中的涂层材料为元素摩尔配比为1:1:1:1的FeCrBSi。Observe the cladding quality of the coatings formed in each embodiment and comparative example, and test the porosity of the coating formed in each embodiment and comparative example. The test method refers to the national standard GB/T 17720-1999. Record the test results in Table 1. The coating material in the table is FeCrBSi with an element molar ratio of 1:1:1:1.
表1各实施例和对比例及对应的测试结果

Table 1 Examples and comparative examples and corresponding test results

从上表可看出，本申请各实施例熔覆方法制得的涂层均具有较好的熔覆质量，涂层表面孔隙率低。将实施例1与对比例1对比，对比例1的熔覆效果较差，说明熔覆过程在低氧或无氧条件下进行基体表面氧化，可提高熔覆质量；将实施例1和对比例2对比，可看出对比例2的熔覆效果明显差于实施例1，可看出采用长波长的激光相较于短波长的激光进行激光熔覆，制得的涂层的缺陷明显较多；将实施例1与对比例3对比，实施例1的熔覆效率更高，说明采用矩形光斑的激光进行激光熔覆可提高熔覆效率。It can be seen from the above table that the coatings prepared by the cladding methods of each embodiment of the present application have good cladding quality and the surface porosity of the coating is low. Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, the cladding effect of Comparative Example 1 is poor, indicating that the substrate surface oxidation during the cladding process can improve the cladding quality; comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 comparison, it can be seen that the cladding effect of Comparative Example 2 is significantly worse than that of Example 1. It can be seen that using long-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding compared with short-wavelength laser, the coating produced has significantly more defects. ; Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, the cladding efficiency of Example 1 is higher, indicating that using a rectangular spot laser for laser cladding can improve the cladding efficiency.
综上，本申请实施例提供的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置与方法，采用短波长的激光器对高反射金属基体进行激光熔覆，高反射金属对短波长激光吸收率高，不易产生高能量的反射，进而不易损伤熔覆设备；考虑到短波长激光相对于长波长的激光能量提供较少可能存在成形效率低的问题，本申请选择使用矩形激光熔覆加工使是激光束的光斑为矩形光斑，矩形光斑相较于圆形的光斑可明显提高激光熔覆的成型效率。因此，本申请提供的激光熔覆装置对高反射金属基材进行激光熔覆镀涂层时，熔覆质量高，孔隙、裂纹和未熔合等缺陷少；由于采 用短波长激光器，能量反射少，对熔覆设备损伤小。In summary, the short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device and method provided by the embodiments of this application use a short-wavelength laser to perform laser cladding on a highly reflective metal substrate. The highly reflective metal has a high absorption rate of short-wavelength laser and is less likely to generate high energy. Reflection, thus making it less likely to damage the cladding equipment; considering that short-wavelength lasers provide less energy than long-wavelength lasers and may have low forming efficiency, this application chooses to use rectangular laser cladding processing to make the laser beam spot rectangular. Compared with the circular light spot, the rectangular light spot can significantly improve the forming efficiency of laser cladding. Therefore, when the laser cladding device provided in this application performs laser cladding coating on highly reflective metal substrates, the cladding quality is high and there are few defects such as pores, cracks and unfusion; due to the Using short-wavelength lasers results in less energy reflection and less damage to cladding equipment.
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，其特征在于，采用短波长激光器对高反射材料表面进行激光熔覆，所述短波长激光器为波长455nm的半导体蓝光激光器或波长515nm的碟片式绿光激光器；A short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method for highly reflective materials, characterized in that a short-wavelength laser is used to perform laser cladding on the surface of the highly reflective material. The short-wavelength laser is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455 nm or a disc with a wavelength of 515 nm. Chip green laser;
    所述短波长激光器发射出的激光的光斑为矩形光斑，熔覆过程中所使用的喷嘴为矩形送粉喷嘴，所述矩形送粉喷嘴具有矩形出粉口，所述矩形光斑的长边与所述矩形出粉口的长边平行；The light spot of the laser emitted by the short-wavelength laser is a rectangular light spot, and the nozzle used in the cladding process is a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. The rectangular powder feeding nozzle has a rectangular powder outlet, and the long side of the rectangular light spot is consistent with the The long sides of the rectangular powder outlet are parallel;
    所述短波长激光器发出的激光束和所述矩形送粉喷嘴喷出的颗粒束在达到基体材料之前相交。The laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser intersects with the particle beam ejected from the rectangular powder feeding nozzle before reaching the base material.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，其特征在于，所述高反射材料为铜、铝、金和银中至少一种元素组成的基体材料。The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the highly reflective material is a base material composed of at least one element among copper, aluminum, gold and silver.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，其特征在于，激光熔覆过程在氧气含量小于1000ppm的环境下进行。The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser cladding process is performed in an environment with an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，其特征在于，所述短波长激光器的输出功率为1000～3000W，扫描线速度为100～300m/min。The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the output power of the short-wavelength laser is 1000-3000W, and the scanning line speed is 100-300m/min.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的短波长超高速激光熔覆方法，其特征在于，所述矩形光斑的输出宽度为1～2mm，长度为5～30mm。The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the output width of the rectangular light spot is 1 to 2 mm and the length is 5 to 30 mm.
  6. 一种高反射材料的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置，其特征在于，包括短波长激光器、矩形激光熔覆加工头、送粉装置和矩形送粉喷嘴，所述短波长激光器为蓝光激光器或绿光激光器；A short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device for highly reflective materials, which is characterized in that it includes a short-wavelength laser, a rectangular laser cladding processing head, a powder feeding device and a rectangular powder feeding nozzle. The short-wavelength laser is a blue laser or a green laser. optical laser;
    所述短波长激光器与所述矩形激光熔覆加工头连接，所述短波长激光器发出的激光由所述矩形激光熔覆加工头处理后发出的激光的光斑为矩形；The short-wavelength laser is connected to the rectangular laser cladding processing head, and the laser light spot emitted by the short-wavelength laser after being processed by the rectangular laser cladding processing head is rectangular;
    所述送粉装置与所述矩形送粉喷嘴连通，所述矩形送粉喷嘴具有矩形出粉口，所述矩形出粉 口的长边与矩形光斑的长边平行，所述矩形出粉口的出粉方向与所述矩形激光熔覆加工头的激光投射方向相交；The powder feeding device is connected with the rectangular powder feeding nozzle, the rectangular powder feeding nozzle has a rectangular powder outlet, and the rectangular powder outlet The long side of the mouth is parallel to the long side of the rectangular light spot, and the powder outlet direction of the rectangular powder outlet intersects with the laser projection direction of the rectangular laser cladding processing head;
    所述蓝光激光器为波长455nm的半导体蓝光激光器；或者，所述绿光激光器为波长515nm的碟片式绿光激光器。The blue laser is a semiconductor blue laser with a wavelength of 455 nm; or the green laser is a disc-type green laser with a wavelength of 515 nm.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的短波长超高速激光熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述激光熔覆装置还包括气氛保护罩和加工机床，所述矩形激光熔覆加工头和所述矩形送粉喷嘴以及所述加工机床位于所述气氛保护罩内，所述矩形激光熔覆加工头和所述矩形送粉喷嘴位于所述加工机床上方。 The short-wavelength ultra-high-speed laser cladding device according to claim 6, characterized in that the laser cladding device further includes an atmosphere protective cover and a processing machine tool, the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle And the processing machine tool is located in the atmosphere protective cover, and the rectangular laser cladding processing head and the rectangular powder feeding nozzle are located above the processing machine tool.
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