CN115557796A - 一种高强度硅系纤维板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度硅系纤维板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115557796A
CN115557796A CN202211408525.XA CN202211408525A CN115557796A CN 115557796 A CN115557796 A CN 115557796A CN 202211408525 A CN202211408525 A CN 202211408525A CN 115557796 A CN115557796 A CN 115557796A
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曹伟
孔通通
姚秀俊
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Xinyang Zhongyi High Temperature Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强度硅系纤维板,包括以下重量份原料:10‑40份的无机复合纤维、40‑70份的耐火填料、10‑30份的无机结合剂、2‑10份的絮凝剂以及2000‑5000份的水;所述无机复合纤维包括多晶莫来石纤维和石英纤维;所述耐火填料由滑石粉、苏州土、工业Al2O3构成。本发明中的耐火填料在纤维板烧结的过程中会生成在堇青石粉,本发明中烧结出的堇青石粉填充于纤维交织的空隙之中作为耐火填料的主体,使得陶瓷纤维板具有极低的热膨胀系数和优良的耐高温性,并为纤维板提供刚性支撑,高温下能很好的保护纤维且极大增强了纤维板的抗热震性能。

Description

一种高强度硅系纤维板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种高强度硅系纤维板及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷纤维板是一种耐火材料,是有一定刚性并起支撑强度的纤维隔热产品,该材料具有导热率低、抗热震性能好等优点。目前,在窑炉的背衬保温,熔融金属转运包中等产品中得到了广泛的应用。
目前传统工艺生产的陶瓷纤维板的体积密度一般在200~500kg/m3,耐压强度≤1MPa,在应用方面具有很大的局限性。如在冶金钢包、中间包中,就需要既承重又保温的陶瓷纤维板,在使用过程中能够承受金属液体产生漩涡引起的局部压力过大和超温状态。现有技术的高密度板材需要在制备过程中预先对纤维进行短切处理,以使制备得到的纤维板满足密度和强度要求。但这一过程操作复杂,费时费力且制备的纤维板材往往采用真空吸附的方式,造成密度不均匀,且抗热震较差。传统陶瓷纤维板耐温度一般在1100℃以内,长期高温下使用由于纤维析晶等原因容易脆化、掉粉。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明将采用以下技术方案:
本发明的一种高强度硅系纤维板,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:10-40份的无机复合纤维、40-70份的耐火填料、10-30份的无机结合剂、2-10份的絮凝剂以及2000-5000份的水;所述无机复合纤维包括多晶莫来石纤维和石英纤维;所述耐火填料包括滑石粉、苏州土、以及工业级Al2O3
进一步地,所述无机复合纤维中所述多晶莫来石纤维和所述石英纤维的重量份数比为1:1到5:1。
进一步地,所述多晶莫来石纤维平均直径为3-5μm;所述多晶莫来石纤维中包含Al2O3≥72wt%,Al2O3+SiO2≥95 wt %;所述石英纤维的平均直径为1~13μm,长度为1~5mm。
进一步地,所述耐火填料中所述滑石粉、苏州土和工业级Al2O3的重量份数比为3~6:3~6:1~1.5。
进一步地,所述滑石粉粉为1000~3000目;所述苏州土为325~800目;所述工业级Al2O3为1500~3000目,其中Al2O3含量≥99%。
进一步地,所述无机结合剂为固含量为20~40%的碱性氨型硅溶胶;所述絮凝剂为阳离子淀粉和/或阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。
本发明还提供了一种高强度硅系纤维板的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
a、依次将多晶莫来石纤维、石英纤维加到水中进行搅拌,得到无机复合纤维浆料;
b、将絮凝剂加入水中进行搅拌;
c、依次将耐火填料、碱性氨型硅溶胶加入到无机复合纤维浆料中进行搅拌,得到混合浆料;
d、将步骤b中得到的溶液加入到步骤c中,搅拌得到絮凝成团状的浆料;
e、将已制备的浆料倒入模具中,经机械加压和真空抽滤并脱模后得到纤维板湿坯,然后送入烘箱干燥,干燥后送入炉内煅烧从而得到产品。
进一步地,所述步骤b与所述步骤c中的所用的水的比例为1:9~1:11;步骤a中搅拌时间为20min~50min,浆料浓度为1%;步骤b中的搅拌速度为500r/min~800r/min,所述搅拌时间为20min~50min,浆料浓度为1%~2%;步骤c中,搅拌速度为100r/min~300r/min,搅拌时间为10min~20min;步骤d中,搅拌速度为100r/min~300r/min,搅拌时间为5min~10min;步骤e中,所述真空抽滤的真空度为0.04MPa~0.08MPa;所述加压的压力为0.10MPa~0.40MPa;干燥温度为100~120℃,升温速率为10℃/h,干燥时间为24~48h,干燥后水分≤5%。
进一步地,所述步骤e中烘干后的纤维板坯体的煅烧时,将纤维板坯体从室温加热到600℃,在600℃下维持时间不低于2小时,再从600℃加热到1200℃-1350℃,升温时长为90-120min,然后维持1200℃-1350℃保温120-180min。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明中采用滑石粉、苏州土、以及工业级Al2O3作为耐火填料,使得纤维板坯体在煅烧的过程中生成堇青石粉。耐火填料粉体发生化学反应后生成的堇青石粉会更好地填充于纤维交织的空隙之中作为耐火填料的主体,而不是松软的粉体堆积,因此本发明的耐火填料具有极低的热膨胀系数和优良的耐高温性,为纤维板提供刚性支撑,高温下能很好的保护纤维且极大增强了纤维板的抗热震性能;2、采用无机复合纤维的方式,有利于不同纤维的交织,提高坯体的均匀性,增强了纤维板使用寿命,不易粉化;3、本发明中的多晶莫来石纤维和石英纤维质地坚韧,强度高,堆积紧密,纤维板密度高,抗压强度≥3MPa,可做承重板或者钢包等内衬,具有较好的隔热性和刚性强度;4、本发明的纤维板SiO2占比高,导热系数小。5、本发明提供的制备方法不需要对纤维进行短切预处理,简化工艺流程,节省成本。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
本实施例中的一种高强度硅系纤维板,包括以下原料,多晶莫来石纤维、石英纤维、滑石粉、苏州土、工业级Al2O3、结合剂、絮凝剂、水。
所述多晶莫来石纤维为20重量份;所述石英纤维为20重量份;所述滑石粉粉为20重量份;所述苏州土为24重量份;所述工业级Al2O3为6重量份;所述结合剂为10重量份;所述絮凝剂为2重量份;所述水为5000重量份;
此实施例中,絮凝剂为阳离子淀粉,结合剂为固含量为30%的碱性氨型硅溶胶。所述滑石粉为1000目;所述苏州土为500目;所述工业级Al2O3为1500目;Al2O3含量≥99%;多晶莫来石纤维中包括72wt%的Al2O3,Al2O3+SiO2为97 wt %。石英纤维的平均直径为5μm,长度为2mm。
制备方法:
(1)先取出50重量份的水,将阳离子淀粉加入水中,转速700r/min搅拌30min,得到淀粉溶液;
(2)然后将多晶莫来石纤维、石英纤维投入已注入5000重量水的搅拌池中,转速维持500r/min搅拌20min后,等纤维充分润湿、分散均匀后,再加入滑石粉、苏州土、工业Al2O3和硅溶胶,继续搅拌10min,得到混合浆料。
(3)将步骤(1)中的淀粉溶液加入到混合浆料中,转速400r/min搅拌5min,得到絮状浆料。
(4)利用CN211537121U(一种纤维板吸附设备)制做出的设备将得到的混合浆料进行成型,将烘箱从室温升至110℃,升温时间为12h,然后在110℃下干燥48h,得到未烧结的高强度硅系板。
(5)通过1600快速升温炉进行烧结,升温曲线为升温至600℃,升温时长为120min,然后升温至1200℃升温时间为2h,然后1200℃保温120min。待到炉温冷却,得到高强度硅系纤维板。
对本发明实施例1制备的高强度硅系板进行性能检测,其中所采用的检测防范如下:采用GB/T17911-2018方法测试高强度硅系板的体积密度和加热永久线变化率;采用GB/T13480-2014方法测试耐压强度;采用YB/T4130-2005方法测试导热系数;采用GB/T21114-2019方法检测化学成分。
表面掉渣量测试方法:测试前将试样表面使用气枪吹扫干净,切割长度100mm,宽度75mm,厚度50mm的试样置于无粉尘的洁净平台上,使用宽75mm,长度500mm,厚度3mm,密度为2.5g/cm3的毛玻璃放置于板材表面,不施加额外压力的状况下拉动毛玻璃摩擦板材整个表面,使用软毛刷清理收集板材粉尘,使用分析天平称粉尘的质量,对比板材的表面落渣情况。
结果表明,本发明实施例1制备的高强度硅系板体积密度680Kg/m3,耐压强度3MPa,平均800℃导热系数0.20w/(m·k),1300℃下保温24小时的加热永久线变化率为-2.0%。检测化学成分:生成的堇青石重量占比32%,纤维板SiO2含量为53.5%。板材落渣量为0.20g。
实施例2:
本实施例中的一种高强度硅系纤维板,包括以下原料,多晶莫来石纤维、石英纤维、滑石粉、苏州土、工业级Al2O3、结合剂、絮凝剂、水。
所述多晶莫来石纤维为10重量份;所述石英纤维为20重量份;所述滑石粉粉为25重量份;所述苏州土为30重量份;所述工业级Al2O3为10重量份;所述结合剂为10重量份;所述絮凝剂为2重量份;所述水为5000重量份;
此实施例中,絮凝剂为阳离子淀粉,结合剂为固含量为30%的碱性氨型硅溶胶。所述滑石粉为1000目;所述苏州土为500目;所述工业Al2O3为1500目;Al2O3含量≥99%;多晶莫来石纤维中包括72wt%的Al2O3,Al2O3+SiO2为97 wt %。石英纤维的平均直径为5μm,长度为2mm。
制备方法:
(1)先取出50重量份的水,将阳离子淀粉加入水中,转速700r/min搅拌30min,得到淀粉溶液;
(2)然后将多晶莫来石纤维、石英纤维投入已注入5000重量水的搅拌池中,转速维持500r/min搅拌20min后,等纤维充分润湿、分散均匀后,再加入滑石粉、苏州土、工业级Al2O3和硅溶胶,继续搅拌10min,得到混合浆料。
(3)将步骤(1)中的淀粉溶液加入到混合浆料中,转速400r/min搅拌5min,得到絮状浆料。
(4)利用CN211537121U(一种纤维板吸附设备)制做出的设备将得到的混合浆料进行成型,将烘箱从室温升至110℃,升温时间为12h,然后在110℃下干燥48h,得到未烧结的高强度硅系板。
(5)通过1600快速升温炉进行烧结,升温曲线为升温至600℃,升温时长为120min,然后升温至1350℃升温时间为2h,然后1350℃保温120min。待到炉温冷却,得到陶瓷纤维板。
对本发明实施例2制备的高强度硅系板进行性能检测,其中所采用的检测防范如下:采用GB/T17911-2018方法测试高强度硅系板的体积密度和加热永久线变化率;采用GB/T13480-2014方法测试耐压强度;采用YB/T4130-2005方法测试导热系数;采用GB/T21114-2019方法检测化学成分。
结果表明,本发明实施例2制备的高强度硅系板体积密度850Kg/m3,耐压强度3.8MPa,平均800℃导热系数0.17w/(m·k),1300℃下保温24小时的加热永久线变化率为-1.8%。检测化学成分:生成的堇青石重量占比40%,SiO2含量为60.8%。板材落渣量为0.12g。
对比例:
本实施例中的一种陶瓷纤维板,包括以下原料,硅酸铝纤维、苏州土、工业级Al2O3、结合剂、絮凝剂、水。
所述硅酸铝纤维为40重量份;所述苏州土为35重量份;所述工业级Al2O3为15重量份;所述结合剂为10重量份;所述絮凝剂为2重量份;所述水为5000重量份;
此实施例中,絮凝剂为阳离子淀粉,结合剂为固含量为30%的碱性氨型硅溶胶。所述苏州土为500目;所述工业级Al2O3为1500目;Al2O3含量≥99%;硅酸铝纤维中包括52wt%的Al2O3,Al2O3+SiO2为97 wt %,硅酸铝纤维的的平均直径为6μm,长度为3mm。
制备方法:
(1)先取出50重量份的水,将阳离子淀粉加入水中,转速700r/min搅拌30min,得到淀粉溶液;
(2)然后将硅酸铝纤维投入已注入5000重量水的搅拌池中,转速维持500r/min搅拌20min后,等纤维充分润湿、分散均匀后,再加入滑石粉、苏州土、工业Al2O3和硅溶胶,继续搅拌10min,得到混合浆料。
(3)将步骤(1)中的淀粉溶液加入到混合浆料中,转速400r/min搅拌5min,得到絮状浆料。
(4)利用CN211537121U(一种纤维板吸附设备)制做出的设备将得到的混合浆料进行成型,将烘箱从室温升至110℃,升温时间为12h,然后在110℃下干燥48h,得到未烧结的纤维板。
(5)通过1600快速升温炉进行烧结,升温曲线为升温至600℃,升温时长为120min,然后升温至1200℃升温时间为2h,然后1200℃保温120min。待到炉温冷却,得到陶瓷纤维板。
对本发明对比例制备的陶瓷纤维板进行性能检测,其中所采用的检测防范如下:采用GB/T17911-2018方法测试硅酸铝纤维板的体积密度和加热永久线变化率;采用GB/T13480-2014方法测试耐压强度;采用YB/T4130-2005方法测试导热系数;采用GB/T21114-2019方法检测化学成分。
结果表明,本发明对比例制备的陶瓷纤维板体积密度550Kg/m3,耐压强度0.85MPa,平均800℃导热系数0.35w/(m·k),1300℃下保温24小时的加热永久线变化率为-4.26%。检测化学成分:无堇青石生成,纤维板SiO2含量为65.4%。板材落渣为0.54g。
根据实施例1、实施例2以及对比例,可以明显看出,采用本发明的配方所制备的高强度硅系纤维板,其耐压强度明显优于对比例中的陶瓷纤维板,且实施例1和实施例2的体积密度远高于对比例,实施例1和实施例2中的导热系数远小于对比例中的导热系数,实施例1和实施例2中的落渣量也远小于对比例中的落渣量。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种高强度硅系纤维板,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:10-40份的无机复合纤维、40-70份的耐火填料、10-30份的无机结合剂、2-10份的絮凝剂以及2000-5000份的水;所述无机复合纤维包括多晶莫来石纤维和石英纤维;所述耐火填料包括滑石粉、苏州土、以及工业级Al2O3
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高强度硅系纤维板,其特征在于,所述无机复合纤维中所述多晶莫来石纤维和所述石英纤维的重量份数比为1:1到5:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高强度硅系纤维板,其特征在于,所述多晶莫来石纤维平均直径为3-5μm;所述多晶莫来石纤维中包含Al2O3≥72wt%,Al2O3+SiO2≥95 wt %;所述石英纤维的平均直径为1~13μm,长度为1~5mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高强度硅系纤维板,其特征在于,所述耐火填料中所述滑石粉、苏州土和工业级Al2O3的重量份数比为3~6:3~6:1~1.5。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种高强度硅系纤维板,其特征在于,所述滑石粉粉为1000~3000目;所述苏州土为325~800目;所述工业级Al2O3为1500~3000目,其中Al2O3含量≥99%。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种高强度硅系纤维板,其特征在于,所述无机结合剂为固含量为20~40%的碱性氨型硅溶胶;所述絮凝剂为阳离子淀粉和/或阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。
7.一种权利要求1-6任意一项所述的高强度硅系纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下具体步骤:
a、依次将多晶莫来石纤维、石英纤维加到水中进行搅拌,得到无机复合纤维浆料;
b、将絮凝剂加入水中进行搅拌;
c、依次将耐火填料、碱性氨型硅溶胶加入到无机复合纤维浆料中进行搅拌,得到混合浆料;
d、将步骤b中得到的溶液加入到步骤c中,搅拌得到絮凝成团状的浆料;
e、将已制备的浆料倒入模具中,经机械加压和真空抽滤并脱模后得到纤维板湿坯,然后送入烘箱干燥,干燥后送入炉内煅烧从而得到产品。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种高强度硅系纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b与所述步骤c中的所用的水的比例为1:9~1:11;步骤a中搅拌时间为20min~50min,浆料浓度为1%;步骤b中的搅拌速度为500r/min~800r/min,所述搅拌时间为20min~50min,浆料浓度为1%~2%;步骤c中,搅拌速度为100r/min~300r/min,搅拌时间为10min~20min;步骤d中,搅拌速度为100r/min~300r/min,搅拌时间为5min~10min;步骤e中,所述真空抽滤的真空度为0.04MPa~0.08MPa;所述加压的压力为0.10MPa~0.40MPa;干燥温度为100~120℃,升温速率为10℃/h,干燥时间为24~48h,干燥后水分≤5%。
9.如权利要求7所述的一种高强度硅系纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤e中烘干后的纤维板坯体的煅烧时,将纤维板坯体从室温加热到600℃,在600℃下维持时间不低于2小时,再从600℃加热到1200℃-1350℃,升温时长为90-120min,然后维持1200℃-1350℃保温120-180min。
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