CN115555369A - Electromagnetic thermal desorption device and method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic thermal desorption device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115555369A CN115555369A CN202110743976.8A CN202110743976A CN115555369A CN 115555369 A CN115555369 A CN 115555369A CN 202110743976 A CN202110743976 A CN 202110743976A CN 115555369 A CN115555369 A CN 115555369A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic thermal desorption device and method, and belongs to the field of oil and gas field development. The device comprises an electromagnetic heat supply unit, a thermal desorption reaction unit, a condensation recovery unit, a vacuum pump and a tail gas treatment unit; the electromagnetic heat supply unit comprises a microwave preheating raw material tank, a protective gas generator and an electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace; the microwave preheating raw material tank, the protective gas generator and the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace are respectively connected with the thermal desorption reaction unit through pipelines; the thermal desorption reaction unit comprises a variable-frequency power device, a heat exchange jacket, a paddle stirring shaft and a thermal desorption reaction cavity; the heat exchange jacket and the paddle stirring shaft are connected in parallel and then connected with the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace through a pipeline; the thermal desorption reaction unit, the condensation recovery unit, the vacuum pump and the tail gas treatment unit are sequentially connected through pipelines. The device can not only realize more thoroughly separating oil, water and solid three-phase in oil base detritus in order to reach current national disposal standard, can also guarantee that the energy consumption is lower, and the feature of environmental protection is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development, in particular to an electromagnetic thermal desorption device and method.
Background
Shale gas is a novel clean energy and has become a key novel energy in China. With the large-scale development of shale gas, the production of oil-based cuttings is also greatly increased. Generally, a shale gas development single well can generate about 300 tons of oil-based cuttings per year, and the total quantity of the oil-based cuttings generated per year can reach 400 million tons. Because the oil-based rock debris belongs to dangerous solid waste, the oil-based rock debris is solid waste which is formed by firmly bonding petroleum hydrocarbon, colloid, asphaltene, rock debris, an inorganic flocculating constituent, an organic flocculating constituent, water, other organic matters and inorganic matters together, the oil content (mass percentage) of the oil-based rock debris is about 5-25%, the water content (mass percentage) of the oil-based rock debris is about 0-5%, and the oil-based rock debris far exceeds the existing national disposal standard, so that the oil-based rock debris cannot be directly discharged. At present, the harmless treatment of the oil-based rock debris becomes a problem which is urgently needed to be solved in the development process of the shale gas.
In the related art, one method is to treat the oil-based rock debris by a reinjection method, namely, the oil-based rock debris is ground, sheared and screened, and then is injected into a stratum with lower underground fracturing gradient and poorer oil permeability through a waste gas oil well. In another method, the oil-based rock debris is treated by a curing method, namely, a curing agent is added into the oil-based rock debris, and then substances such as heavy metals, high polymers, base oil and the like in the oil-based rock debris are sealed, and the oil-based rock debris is directly buried in soil for cultivation or used as building materials. The other method is to treat the oil-based rock debris by a solid-liquid separation method, namely, the oil-based rock debris is separated from the water-based rock debris by a mechanical separation method or a chemical separation method, and then the oil-based rock debris is further treated.
In the course of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that the related art has at least the following problems:
when the oil-based rock debris is treated by the reinjection method, the oil-based rock debris is not essentially treated, so that the treated substances still have the risk of polluting upper strata and water layers; and because the oil phase is not recovered, the selection requirement on the injection layer is higher and the difficulty is higher. When the curing method is used for treating the oil-based rock debris, a larger landfill space is needed due to larger consumption of the curing agent and larger volume after curing, and once the oil-based rock debris are stacked or buried for a long time, the risk of oil or pollutant leakage is caused; and the method does not recycle the oil phase in the oil-based rock debris. When the solid-liquid separation method is used for treating the oil-based rock debris, the oil phase, the water phase and the solid phase cannot be completely and thoroughly separated, the separated solid phase cannot reach the discharge standard, the oil-based rock debris needs to be further treated, and the cost and the energy consumption are high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the application provides an electromagnetic thermal desorption device and method, which not only can realize more thorough separation of oil, water and solid in oil-based rock debris to reach the existing national disposal standard, but also can ensure lower energy consumption and higher environmental protection.
Specifically, the method comprises the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the embodiment of the application provides an electromagnetic thermal desorption device which comprises an electromagnetic heat supply unit, a thermal desorption reaction unit, a condensation recovery unit, a vacuum pump and a tail gas treatment unit;
the electromagnetic heat supply unit comprises a microwave preheating raw material tank, a protective gas generator and an electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace; the microwave preheating raw material tank, the protective gas generator and the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace are respectively connected with the thermal desorption reaction unit through pipelines;
the thermal desorption reaction unit comprises a variable frequency power device, a heat exchange jacket, a paddle stirring shaft and a thermal desorption reaction cavity; the thermal desorption reaction cavity is used for providing a thermal desorption reaction space for the oil-based rock debris preheated by the microwave preheating raw material tank;
the thermal desorption reaction unit, the condensation recovery unit, the vacuum pump and the tail gas treatment unit are sequentially connected through pipelines.
Optionally, the paddle agitator shaft is a dual-shaft paddle agitator shaft.
Optionally, the condensation recovery unit comprises a condenser and an oil-water separation tank;
the condenser is connected with the oil-water separation tank through a pipeline.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a central control unit, the central control unit comprising a programmable logic controller and a console;
the programmable logic controller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic heat supply unit, the thermal desorption reaction unit, the condensation recovery unit, the vacuum pump and the tail gas treatment unit;
the control console is connected with the programmable logic controller through an automatic control program.
Optionally, the central control unit further comprises a power distribution cabinet, and the power distribution cabinet is used for supplying power to the electromagnetic heat supply unit, the thermal desorption reaction unit, the condensation recovery unit, the vacuum pump and the tail gas treatment unit.
Optionally, the electromagnetic heating unit further comprises an air compressor, and the air compressor is used for providing an air source for the electromagnetic thermal desorption device.
Optionally, the tail gas treatment unit comprises a plurality of groups of activated carbon filter elements and oil absorption cotton filter elements.
Optionally, one of an inert gas, nitrogen or water vapor is employed in the shield gas generator.
Optionally, the thermal desorption reaction unit comprises a discharge end, the discharge end is connected with the screw discharger, and the discharge end is used for discharging solids formed after thermal desorption treatment.
In another aspect, an electromagnetic thermal desorption method is provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the method uses the apparatus in any one of the foregoing embodiments, the method includes:
starting a control console and a programmable logic controller, wherein the control console controls the programmable logic controller to sequentially start an air compressor, a condensation recovery unit, a vacuum pump, a tail gas treatment unit, a microwave preheating raw material tank, a protective gas generator, an electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace and a thermal desorption reaction unit so as to enable the device to be in a pre-production state;
introducing the gas in the protective gas generator and the oil-based detritus preheated by the microwave preheating raw material tank into a thermal desorption reaction cavity in the thermal desorption reaction unit for thermal desorption treatment;
introducing an oil-water mixture formed after the thermal desorption treatment into the condensation recovery unit;
introducing the residual gas treated by the condensation recovery unit into the tail gas treatment unit;
when the preset thermal desorption treatment time is reached, closing the vacuum pump, the protective gas generator and the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace in sequence;
and discharging the solid formed after the thermal desorption treatment from the discharge end of the thermal desorption reaction unit into a screw discharger.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that at least:
firstly, the oil-based rock debris is preheated by utilizing the microwave preheating raw material tank, so that the loosening and puffing effects can be generated among different substance molecules, and the subsequent desorption of oil and water phases from a solid phase is facilitated; secondly, the oil-based rock debris can be subjected to thermal desorption treatment in an oxygen-free negative pressure environment by using the vacuum pump and the protective gas generator, so that the final distillation point temperature of the desorbed oil product is reduced, and the energy consumption is saved; in addition, the device can reasonably dispose three phases of oil, water and solid after separation, so that the environmental protection property is higher. That is to say, the device can not only realize separating relatively thoroughly in the oil base detritus oil, water, solid triphase in order to reach current national treatment standard, can also guarantee that the energy consumption is lower, and the feature of environmental protection is higher.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic thermal desorption apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a physical object of the electromagnetic thermal desorption device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an oil-water separation tank in the electromagnetic thermal desorption apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application.
The reference numerals in the figures are denoted respectively by:
1-electromagnetic heating unit: 101-microwave preheating of a raw material tank, 102-protective gas generator, 103-electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace, 104-air compressor;
2-thermal desorption reaction unit: 201-a variable frequency power device, 202-a heat exchange jacket, 203-a blade stirring shaft, 204-a thermal desorption reaction cavity, 205-an output end, 206-an input end and 207-a manhole;
3-condensation recovery unit: 301-a condenser, 302-an oil-water separation tank, 31-a first clapboard, 32-a second clapboard, 3021-a water outlet, 3022-an inlet, 3023-a valve, 3024-an oil outlet;
4-a vacuum pump;
5-a tail gas treatment unit;
6-central control unit: 601-a programmable logic controller, 602-a console, 603-a power distribution cabinet;
7-a screw unloader;
8-an oil phase collection container;
9-an aqueous phase collection vessel;
10-solid phase collection vessel.
With the above figures, there are shown specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concepts in any manner, but rather to illustrate the inventive concepts to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the examples of the present application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following will describe embodiments of the present application in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides an electromagnetic thermal desorption apparatus, which includes an electromagnetic heat supply unit 1, a thermal desorption reaction unit 2, a condensation recovery unit 3, a vacuum pump 4, and a tail gas treatment unit 5.
The electromagnetic heating unit 1 comprises a microwave preheating stock tank 101, a protective gas generator 102 and an electromagnetic heat-conducting oil furnace 103; wherein, the microwave preheating material tank 101, the protective gas generator 102 and the electromagnetic heat-conducting oil furnace 103 are respectively connected with the thermal desorption reaction unit 2 through pipelines.
The thermal desorption reaction unit 2 comprises a variable frequency power device 201, a heat exchange jacket 202, a paddle stirring shaft 203 and a thermal desorption reaction cavity 204; wherein, heat transfer jacket 202 and paddle (mixing) shaft 203 are parallelly connected back each other, link to each other with electromagnetism heat conduction oil furnace 103 through the pipeline, and thermal desorption reaction chamber 204 is used for providing thermal desorption reaction space for the oil base detritus after preheating head tank 101 through the microwave.
The thermal desorption reaction unit 2, the condensation recovery unit 3, the vacuum pump 4 and the tail gas treatment unit 5 are connected in sequence through pipelines.
It should be noted that the thermal desorption reaction chamber 204 is a space formed between the heat exchange jacket 202 and the paddle stirring shaft 203, and is used for filling the oil-based rock debris preheated by the microwave preheating raw material tank 101, so that the preheated oil-based rock debris performs thermal desorption reaction in the thermal desorption reaction chamber 204. Meanwhile, the shielding gas generator 102 is used for injecting shielding gas into the thermal desorption reaction chamber 204 to replace air to achieve an oxygen-free operation environment.
Meanwhile, the microwave preheating technology is adopted in the microwave preheating raw material tank 101 to preheat the oil-based rock debris, under the action of an external alternating electromagnetic field, polar molecules in the material are polarized and alternate orientation is realized along with the change of the polarity of the external alternating electromagnetic field, and the loosening and puffing effect is generated due to different molecular vibration frequencies of different substances, so that the oil-water desorption from a solid phase is facilitated. And different molecules are mutually rubbed and lost, so that electromagnetic energy is converted into heat energy, and the aim of preheating the oil-based rock debris is fulfilled. The microwave preheating technology has the characteristics of instantaneity, integrity and high efficiency, can uniformly heat the material from inside to outside, effectively improves the pumpability of the material, and can also reduce the energy input of subsequent thermal desorption.
In conclusion, firstly, the microwave preheating raw material tank 101 is used for preheating the oil-based rock debris, so that the loosening and puffing effects can be generated among different substance molecules, and the subsequent desorption of oil and water phases from a solid phase is facilitated; secondly, the oil-based rock debris can be subjected to thermal desorption treatment in an oxygen-free negative pressure environment by using the vacuum pump 4 and the protective gas generator 102, so that the final distillation point temperature of the desorbed oil product is reduced, and the energy consumption is saved; in addition, the device can reasonably dispose three phases of oil, water and solid after separation, so that the environmental protection property is higher. That is to say, the device can not only realize separating relatively thoroughly in the oil base detritus oil, water, solid triphase in order to reach current national treatment standard, can also guarantee that the energy consumption is lower, and the feature of environmental protection is higher.
The following describes each constituent unit and function of the electromagnetic thermal desorption apparatus provided in this embodiment in more detail with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2.
In some embodiments of the present application, the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace 103 is filled with heat conduction oil, and the heat conduction oil may be hydrogenated terphenyl organic heat carrier.
In some embodiments of the present application, the thermal desorption reaction unit 2 includes an input end 206, an output end 205, a manhole 207, and a discharge end (not shown), wherein the discharge end is disposed at the same position on the bottom surface opposite the manhole 207. It should be noted that the preheated oil-based rock debris is introduced into the thermal desorption reaction chamber 204 through the input end 206, and then the oil-phase and water-phase mixture formed after the thermal desorption reaction of the oil-based rock debris passes through the output end 205 and is discharged into the condensation recovery unit 3 through the pipeline, so as to achieve further separation.
In some embodiments of the present application, paddle agitator shaft 203 is a dual shaft paddle agitator shaft.
It should be noted that the double-shaft type blade stirring shaft is composed of two hollow blade shafts and hollow blades on each hollow blade shaft. Because the heat exchange jacket 202 and the blade stirring shaft 203 are connected in parallel, after the heat conduction oil in the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace 103 is heated to a preset temperature, a part of the heat conduction oil is introduced into the hollow blade shafts through the end parts of the two hollow blade shafts, and the other part of the heat conduction oil is introduced into the heat exchange jacket 202 through a pipeline.
In some embodiments of the present application, the variable-frequency power unit 201 drives the two hollow blade shafts to rotate toward or away from each other, and the rotation direction can be periodically switched. For example, the first hollow blade shaft rotates clockwise, the second hollow blade shaft rotates counterclockwise, and when the preset period is reached, the first hollow blade shaft rotates counterclockwise, the second hollow blade shaft rotates clockwise, and the cycle is repeated to form periodic rotation.
It can be understood that, because the oil-based detritus in the thermal desorption reaction chamber 204 is indirectly heated through the hollow blade shaft with the organic heat carrier and the heat exchange jacket 202, and in the heating process, the blade stirring shaft 203 is always in the rotating state, so the heating mode is not only heated uniformly, has no abnormal hot spot, but also can prevent the oil-based detritus from coking to influence the desorption effect.
In some embodiments of the present application, the condensate recovery unit 3 includes a condenser 301 and an oil-water separation tank 302; the condenser 301 and the oil-water separation tank 302 are connected by a pipeline.
It is understood that the output end 205 of the thermal desorption reaction unit 2 is connected to the inlet end of the condenser 301 through a pipe. The mixture of the oil phase and the water phase formed after the thermal desorption reaction enters the condenser 301 from the inlet end of the condenser 301 through the output end 205 of the thermal desorption reaction unit 2. The oil phase and water phase mixture is typically a gas.
In some embodiments of the present application, the oil-water separation tank 302 includes an inlet end, and the inlet end of the oil-water separation tank 302 is connected to the outlet end of the condenser 301 through a pipe.
It is understood that the mixture of the oil phase and the water phase in a gaseous state is cooled to a liquid state by the condenser 301, and introduced from the outlet end of the condenser 301 through a pipe and stored in the oil-water separation tank 302.
In some embodiments of the present application, the condenser 301 is a combination of air cooling and water cooling to cool the mixture of oil phase and water phase from the thermal desorption reaction unit 2. The temperature of the liquid formed after cooling can be reduced to below 30 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present application, two partitions with a height of 40cm are included in the oil-water separation tank 302, and each partition extends from the bottom of the oil-water separation tank 302 to the inside of the oil-water separation tank 302.
In some embodiments of the present application, the oil-water separation tank 302 may have a structure as shown in fig. 3, the oil-water separation tank 302 is a U-shaped cavity with an open upper end, a first partition plate 31 and a second partition plate 32 are respectively disposed inside the U-shaped cavity, and both the first partition plate 31 and the second partition plate 32 are 40cm. The oil-water separation tank 302 is divided into three spaces, i.e., a first space a, a second space B, and a third space C, by two partition plates.
A water outlet port 3021 is formed at the bottom of the oil-water separation tank 302 corresponding to the first space a, and an inlet port 3022 is formed in the side wall of the first space a; a valve 3023 is arranged at the bottom corresponding to the second space B, and the valve can be a manual valve; an oil drain port 3024 is provided in the sidewall of the third space C. The drain port 3024 may be provided on the bottom surface of the third space C.
It is understood that the oil-water separation tank 302 is an oil-water separation that is achieved by using the difference in density of the oil phase and the water phase. The density of the oil phase is less than the density of the water phase. When the cooled mixture of the oil phase and the water phase which is liquid enters the U-shaped cavity through the pipeline through the inlet of the oil-water separation tank 302, the mixture is layered in the U-shaped cavity and respectively comprises a water layer and an oil layer, and when the water layer of the water layer in the first space A reaches 40cm, the oil layer positioned on the upper part automatically overflows into the second space B; when the water layer in the second space B reaches 40cm, the oil layer positioned on the upper part can automatically overflow into the third space C; when the oil layer position in the third space C reaches the height of the oil drain port of the oil-water separation tank 302, the oil in the third space C is discharged from the oil drain port into the oil phase collection container 8 by the power of the pump.
It should be noted that, when the water layer in the first space a exceeds 40cm, the drainage port 3021 disposed at the bottom of the first space a is automatically opened to drain a certain amount of water into the water phase collection container 9, so as to control the water amount in the first space a to be maintained at 40cm and prevent the water from overflowing into the second space B. Since some water phase may remain in the oil phase obtained after only the first space a is separated, the second space B is provided for the purpose of secondary oil-water separation, and when the water amount in the second space B reaches 40cm, the valve 3023 may be opened to drain the water in the second space B to the water phase collecting container 9.
In some embodiments of the present application, the apparatus further comprises a central control unit 6, and the central control unit 6 comprises a programmable logic controller 601 and a console 602.
The programmable logic controller 601 is respectively connected with the electromagnetic heat supply unit 1, the thermal desorption reaction unit 2, the condensation recovery unit 3, the vacuum pump 4 and the tail gas treatment unit 5. The console 602 is connected to the programmable logic controller 601 through an automation control program.
It will be appreciated that the programmable logic controller 601 is a digital arithmetic controller with a microprocessor for automated control. Under the control of the console 602, the programmable logic controller 601 can realize a fully automatic control mode and realize the whole process operation of batch-type continuous processing of the oil-based cuttings and the operation control of related equipment.
In some embodiments of the present application, the central control unit further includes a power distribution cabinet 603, and the power distribution cabinet 603 is configured to supply power to the electromagnetic heat supply unit 1, the thermal desorption reaction unit 2, the condensation recovery unit 3, the vacuum pump 4, and the tail gas treatment unit 5.
In some embodiments of the present application, the electromagnetic heating unit 1 further includes an air compressor 104, and the air compressor 104 is used for providing an air source for the electromagnetic thermal desorption apparatus.
It should be noted that, in each unit of the whole device, there are provided pneumatic valves which control the on/off of the air flow in the whole pipeline, and the air supply provided by the air compressor 104 is used for controlling the opening or closing of these pneumatic valves.
In some embodiments of the present application, the inlet end of the vacuum pump 4 is connected to the pressure balancing port of the oil-water separation tank 302 through a pipeline.
It can be understood that when the vacuum pump 4 starts to work, the pressure drop generated by the vacuum pump 4 can be transmitted to the thermal desorption reaction unit 2 through the oil-water separation tank 302 and the condenser 301 in sequence to form a pressure difference, so that oil gas (i.e. a mixture of oil phase and water phase in a gas state) and shielding gas generated during thermal desorption of the oil-based rock debris can flow to the tail end of the whole device.
In some embodiments of the present application, the tail gas treatment unit 5 includes multiple sets of activated carbon filter elements and oil absorbent cotton filter elements.
In some embodiments of the present application, the outlet end of the vacuum pump 4 is connected to the off-gas treatment unit 5 through a pipeline.
The off-gas treatment unit 5 is used for capturing and enriching the non-condensable gas in the off-gas discharged from the outlet end of the vacuum pump 4, so as to further separate the discharged gas. The non-condensable gas in the tail gas is light components mainly comprising hydrocarbons with the carbon atom number more than 5, which are generated in the thermal desorption process of the oil-based rock debris. The gas treated by the tail gas treatment unit 5 meets the existing national treatment standard and can be directly discharged into the air.
In some embodiments of the present application, one of an inert gas, nitrogen, or water vapor is used in the blanket gas generator 102.
It can be understood that, since the reactant includes oil and other substances, the protective gas is injected into the thermal desorption reaction chamber 204 through the protective gas generator 102, and the air can be replaced to achieve an oxygen-free operation environment, thereby ensuring the safety of the thermal desorption reaction and avoiding unsafe accidents such as explosion.
In some embodiments of the present application, the thermal desorption reaction unit 2 includes a discharge end connected to the screw discharger 7, and the discharge end is used for discharging solids formed after the thermal desorption process.
The solids passing through the screw discharger 7 are discharged into a solid phase collection vessel 10.
It should be noted that the oil phase separated and collected by the electromagnetic thermal desorption device provided by the embodiment of the application can be recycled to reconfigure the oil-based drilling fluid, so that the effects of environmental protection and energy conservation can be achieved, and the effect of industrial continuous production can be achieved. It should be noted that, in the thermal desorption apparatus in the prior art, the reaction temperature of the system is usually higher, generally 500 to 800 ℃, in order to achieve higher desorption rate and better treatment effect. However, the oil phase, the emulsifier, the filtrate reducer and other chemical additive components in the oil-based rock debris are cracked due to the excessively high reaction temperature, so that the oil recovered by thermal desorption has poor quality and cannot be used as base oil to prepare oil-based drilling fluid again, and the oil-based drilling fluid can only be used as fuel oil to provide reaction energy for a thermal desorption device.
And utilize the electromagnetism thermal desorption device that this application embodiment provided, adopt the microwave to preheat the technique earlier and preheated oil base detritus, consequently can reduce the energy input demand of follow-up thermal desorption. In addition, in the whole thermal desorption reaction process, because the interior of the device is always in an oxygen-free negative pressure environment and is protected by protective gas, the oxygen content in the device is generally lower than 0.5 percent, and therefore, the final distillation point temperature of the desorbed oil product is effectively reduced. In addition, the device also utilizes the paddle stirring shaft 203 and the heat exchange jacket 202 to uniformly heat the preheated oil-based rock debris. Therefore, by utilizing the technologies, the maximum heating temperature required by the thermal desorption reaction of the device is only 310 ℃, and the energy consumption is low, so that the cracking condition of other chemical additives such as oil phase, emulsifier, filtrate reducer and the like in the oil-based rock debris at high temperature can be effectively prevented, namely, no toxic or harmful gas is generated except volatile steam which generates water vapor, oil vapor and other chemical reagents in the reaction process, the difficulty of tail gas treatment is greatly reduced, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
In order to better illustrate the effect produced by the electromagnetic thermal desorption device provided in the embodiment of the present application, a comparative table of the properties of the oil-based drilling fluid prepared by separately preparing the recovered base oil separated by the device and 0# diesel oil is used as an example.
The experimental conditions are as follows: the oil-based drilling fluids prepared by the two formulations in table 1 were introduced into an aging tank, hot rolled at an ambient temperature of 150 ℃ for 16 hours, and the properties of the two hot rolled oil-based drilling fluids were measured, respectively, with the results shown in the following table:
description of the experiment: the experiment used a controlled-variable method, that is, in formulations 1 and 2, the composition and content of each component were the same except for the components of the recovered base oil and diesel. The density of the recovered base oil in formula 1 and the density of the 0# diesel in formula 2 are both 0.83g/cm3; the high temperature high pressure fluid loss (HTHP) of the test items was measured at 150 ℃.
And (4) experimental conclusion: the performance parameters of the oil-based drilling fluid prepared from the recovered base oil and 0# diesel oil are not greatly different. Utilize the electromagnetism thermal desorption device that this application embodiment provided can carry out thermal desorption with oil base detritus effectively and handle, can reduce the oil content in the solid phase effectively to the solid phase after the processing is less than 1% (mass ratio) oil content after third party detection mechanism detects. The recovery rate of the base oil is more than 85 percent, the recovered oil is relatively clear and light yellow and is similar to the base oil for preparing the oil-based drilling fluid, and the recovered oil can be used as the base oil for preparing the oil-based drilling fluid for recycling.
To sum up, after the oil-based detritus is processed through the electromagnetic thermal desorption device that this application embodiment provided, can not only realize separating comparatively thoroughly in the oil-based detritus oil, water, solid three-phase in order to reach current national treatment standard, can also guarantee that the energy consumption is lower, and the feature of environmental protection is higher to the recovery base oil that obtains after the separation can be regarded as the base oil retrieval and utilization of preparing oil-based drilling fluid to can the energy saving.
Embodiments of the present application also provide an electromagnetic thermal desorption method, which uses the apparatus according to any one of the above methods, and includes:
the control console 602 and the programmable logic controller 601 are started, the control console 602 controls the programmable logic controller 601 to sequentially start the air compressor 104, the condensation recovery unit 3, the vacuum pump 4, the tail gas treatment unit 5, the microwave preheating raw material tank 101, the protective gas generator 102, the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace 103 and the thermal desorption reaction unit 2, so that the device is in a pre-production state.
And introducing the gas in the protective gas generator 102 and the oil-based rock debris preheated by the microwave preheating raw material tank 101 into a thermal desorption reaction cavity 204 in the thermal desorption reaction unit 2 for thermal desorption treatment.
And introducing the oil-water mixture formed after the thermal desorption treatment into a condensation recovery unit 3.
And introducing the gas which is treated by the condensation and recovery unit 3 into a tail gas treatment unit 5.
And when the preset thermal desorption treatment time is reached, the vacuum pump 4, the protective gas generator 102 and the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace 103 are sequentially closed.
The solids formed after the thermal desorption treatment are discharged from the discharge end of the thermal desorption reaction unit 2 into a screw discharger 7.
According to the electromagnetic thermal desorption method, firstly, the oil-based rock debris is preheated by utilizing the microwave preheating raw material tank 101, so that the loosening and puffing effects can be generated among different substance molecules, and the subsequent desorption of oil and water phases from a solid phase is facilitated; secondly, the oil-based rock debris can be subjected to thermal desorption treatment in an oxygen-free negative pressure environment by using the vacuum pump 4 and the protective gas generator 102, so that the final distillation point temperature of the desorbed oil product is reduced, and the energy consumption is saved; in addition, the device can reasonably dispose three phases of oil, water and solid after separation, so that the environmental protection property is higher. That is to say, the device can not only realize separating relatively thoroughly in the oil base detritus oil, water, solid triphase in order to reach current national treatment standard, can also guarantee that the energy consumption is lower, and the feature of environmental protection is higher.
The device and the method provided by the embodiment of the application can be used for treating substances such as diesel oil/mineral oil, water and solid-phase oil-based rock debris drying fluid and a stuck releasing agent besides oil-based rock debris.
In this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the present application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The electromagnetic thermal desorption device is characterized by comprising an electromagnetic heat supply unit (1), a thermal desorption reaction unit (2), a condensation recovery unit (3), a vacuum pump (4) and a tail gas treatment unit (5);
the electromagnetic heating unit (1) comprises a microwave preheating raw material tank (101), a protective gas generator (102) and an electromagnetic heat-conducting oil furnace (103); the microwave preheating raw material tank (101), the protective gas generator (102) and the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace (103) are respectively connected with the thermal desorption reaction unit (2) through pipelines;
the thermal desorption reaction unit (2) comprises a variable-frequency power device (201), a heat exchange jacket (202), a paddle stirring shaft (203) and a thermal desorption reaction cavity (204); the heat exchange jacket (202) and the paddle stirring shaft (203) are connected in parallel and then connected with the electromagnetic heat conduction oil furnace (103) through a pipeline, and the thermal desorption reaction cavity (204) is used for providing a thermal desorption reaction space for the oil-based rock debris preheated by the microwave preheating raw material tank (101);
the thermal desorption reaction unit (2), the condensation recovery unit (3), the vacuum pump (4) and the tail gas treatment unit (5) are sequentially connected through pipelines.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the paddle agitator shaft (203) is a biaxial paddle agitator shaft.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the condensate recovery unit (3) comprises a condenser (301) and an oil-water separation tank (302);
the condenser (301) is connected with the oil-water separation tank (302) through a pipeline.
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a central control unit (6), said central control unit (6) comprising a programmable logic controller (601) and a console (602);
the programmable logic controller (601) is respectively connected with the electromagnetic heat supply unit (1), the thermal desorption reaction unit (2), the condensation recovery unit (3), the vacuum pump (4) and the tail gas treatment unit (5);
the console (602) is connected with the programmable logic controller (601) through an automatic control program.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the central control unit (6) further comprises a power distribution cabinet (603), wherein the power distribution cabinet (603) is used for supplying power to the electromagnetic heat supply unit (1), the thermal desorption reaction unit (2), the condensation recovery unit (3), the vacuum pump (4) and the off-gas treatment unit (5).
6. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic heating unit (1) further comprises an air compressor (104), the air compressor (104) being adapted to provide an air source for the electromagnetic thermal desorption device.
7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail gas treatment unit (5) comprises a plurality of groups of activated carbon filter elements and oil absorbent cotton filter elements.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein one of an inert gas, nitrogen or water vapor is used as the shielding gas in the shielding gas generator (102).
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the thermal desorption reaction unit (2) comprises a discharge end connected to a screw discharger (7) for discharging solids formed after the thermal desorption process.
10. An electromagnetic thermal desorption process using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, the process comprising:
starting a console (602) and a programmable logic controller (601), wherein the console (602) controls the programmable logic controller (601) to sequentially start an air compressor (104), a condensation recovery unit (3), a vacuum pump (4), a tail gas treatment unit (5), a microwave preheating raw material tank (101), a protective gas generator (102), an electromagnetic heat-conducting oil furnace (103) and a thermal desorption reaction unit (2), so that the device is in a pre-production state;
introducing the gas in the protective gas generator (102) and the oil-based rock debris preheated by the microwave preheating raw material tank (101) into a thermal desorption reaction cavity (204) in the thermal desorption reaction unit (2) for thermal desorption treatment;
introducing the oil-water mixture formed after the thermal desorption treatment into the condensation recovery unit (3);
introducing the residual gas treated by the condensation recovery unit (3) into the tail gas treatment unit (5);
when the preset thermal desorption treatment time is reached, sequentially closing the vacuum pump (4), the protective gas generator (102) and the electromagnetic heat-conducting oil furnace (103);
and discharging the solid formed after the thermal desorption treatment from the discharge end of the thermal desorption reaction unit (2) to a screw discharger (7).
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