CN115541845B - Device for researching in-situ degradation characteristics of biochar material and application method - Google Patents
Device for researching in-situ degradation characteristics of biochar material and application method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for researching in-situ degradation characteristics of a biochar material and an application method thereof, wherein the device comprises a shell and a plurality of groups of experimental bins, and the experimental bins comprise a stirring mechanism, a supporting table and an annular nylon net bag; the shell is provided with a plurality of groups of round holes for ensuring water flowing in the shell, the stirring mechanism consists of a steering assembly arranged on the top surface of the shell and stirring assemblies arranged on each group of supporting tables, and the biochar material can be stirred in the shell in a layered manner and the leaching solution can be collected in a layered manner conveniently through the arrangement of the stirring mechanism; according to the method, the characteristic indexes can be detected and analyzed through the organic carbon analyzer, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometer and the evaluation method, so that the comprehensive quantitative evaluation result of the in-situ degradation characteristic of the biochar material is obtained, and the potential effect of the biochar in the aspects of improving the carbon fixation capacity of soil and coping with climate change is comprehensively evaluated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stability research of biochar materials, in particular to a device for researching in-situ degradation characteristics of biochar materials and an application method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the technology of pyrolysis and carbonization of waste biomass from various sources is mature, and the generated biochar has large specific surface area and holesDeveloped gap structure, high stability and strong adsorption performance, and rich in various organic functional groups, which has important effects on the bio-geochemical cycle of global carbon and relief of global climate change, the biochar has been considered as atmospheric CO 2 Is an important repository for the data.
Biochar is highly chemically and biologically inert and is more difficult to degrade in the soil than its pyrolysis source material. Based on the results of previous field trials, biochar can exist in soil for thousands of years. Although the chemical structure of biochar is relatively stable, it will eventually be decomposed in the soil environment, and its slow degradation process mainly includes biological action and non-biological action. The degradation reaction usually starts from the surface of the biochar, and is mainly represented by reduction of volatile components and alkaline substances, increase of O/C value, increase of the content of carboxylic acid group functional groups on the surface and the like. Studies have also shown that some soil microorganisms can directly utilize biochar as an energy source substance, or degrade the aromatic structure of biochar by releasing peroxidase or the like.
The degradation process of biochar in the soil environment is affected by various environmental factors such as temperature, moisture conditions and exposure time, which are considered to be the most important factors, the average residual time in well aerated soil is estimated to be only several tens to hundreds of years, and the transformation of saturated and unsaturated environments caused by the dry-wet alternation process of soil can also affect the degradation process of biochar. It has been found that after 12 months of cultivation at-22 to 70 ℃, the higher cultivation temperature and time accelerates the aging degree of the biochar, and the loss of the carbon content of the biochar gradually increases. In the past, researches on the degradation characteristics of the biochar are mostly carried out under controllable conditions, such as an isotope labeling method, and partial researches develop the degradation process rule of the biochar under the actual conditions in the field, but because the biochar is fully mixed with soil particles after being applied, the biochar cannot be efficiently recycled, and the evaluation on the degradation characteristics of the biochar is difficult to complete and accurate. Therefore, an optimized device and method are urgently needed to track and monitor the long-term degradation process of the soil in the actual soil environment in the field, and the dynamic change rule of the surface structure and the carbon component of the soil and the response condition of the soil to environmental factors are revealed, so that the potential effect of the soil in improving the carbon fixation capacity and coping with climate change is comprehensively evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device for researching the in-situ degradation characteristics of a biochar material and an application method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device for researching the in-situ degradation characteristics of the biochar material comprises a shell and a plurality of groups of experimental bins, wherein each experimental bin comprises a stirring mechanism, a supporting table and an annular nylon net bag; the shell is provided with a plurality of groups of round holes for ensuring water passing in the shell, a plurality of groups of convex holes which are arranged at equal intervals up and down are arranged on the outer wall of the shell outside the round holes, and the supporting table is positioned in the shell below each group of convex holes and is detachably connected with the shell; one end of the annular nylon net bag is fixedly connected with the edge of the supporting table;
the stirring mechanism consists of a steering assembly arranged on the top surface of the shell and stirring assemblies arranged on each group of supporting tables, the steering assembly comprises a rotating wheel, a first gear and a second gear, the first gear and the second gear are symmetrically arranged by taking the rotating wheel as a symmetrical axis, the first gear and the second gear are in meshed transmission, a group of arc-shaped pieces which are mutually matched with each other and are alternately meshed with the rotating wheel are respectively arranged on the same side surface of the first gear and the second gear to perform positive and negative rotation, and the arc-shaped pieces consist of a plurality of groups of convex rods which are arranged on the first gear and the second gear at equal angles; the first gear, the rotating wheel and the second gear are respectively connected with the top surface of the shell in a rotating way through a group of connecting rods; and the angle corresponding to the arc length of the arc-shaped piece is smaller than 180 degrees; by setting the angle corresponding to the arc length, the first gear and the second gear can be prevented from being staggered, so that the rotating wheel is blocked and cannot rotate; through the arrangement, the motor drives the first gear to rotate, the first gear drives the second gear to rotate, the protruding rod on the first gear drives the rotating wheel to rotate forward, and the protruding rod on the second gear drives the rotating wheel to rotate reversely, so that the rotating wheel rotates in a reciprocating manner;
the stirring component comprises at least one group of rotating blades and one group of threaded rods, a third gear is fixedly sleeved at one end of each shaft rod of each rotating blade, two adjacent groups of threaded rods are detachably connected,
the threaded rod is sequentially provided with a forward thread and a reverse thread from top to bottom, and a first threaded ferrule and a second threaded ferrule are sleeved on the threaded rod at positions corresponding to the forward thread and the reverse thread respectively; the first threaded sleeve ring is provided with first connecting rods with the same number as that of the rotating blades, one end of each first connecting rod is fixedly connected with the first threaded sleeve ring, the other end of each first connecting rod is provided with a latch tooth which is used for pushing the third gear to move to one side of the inner wall of the shell and rotate, the latch tooth is meshed with the third gear, the second threaded sleeve ring is provided with a second connecting rod, one end of each second connecting rod is rotatably connected with the second threaded sleeve ring, and the other end of each second connecting rod is connected with a shaft lever of the rotating blade through a torsion spring; through the arrangement, when the rotating wheel rotates reciprocally, the threaded rod rotates, the first threaded ferrule is matched with the second threaded ferrule on the threaded rod and moves up and down, so that the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod swing, the latch rotates at a certain angle when the first connecting rod swings, the third gear is driven to rotate, the rotating blade is driven to rotate, the biochar materials of all layers are uniformly mixed, the biochar materials of all layers are more uniform in the experimental process, and the sampling analysis is more scientific; the convex holes are provided with guide pipes which can be led out of the soil, and leaching liquid which can be collected and led out from the outside is arranged on the convex holes; the threaded rod is fixedly connected with the rotating wheel; the convex holes are provided with guide pipes which can be led out of the soil.
Further, the shell material is organic glass, the chemical property is stable, the experiment can be more scientific, and the filtering structure is arranged in the convex hole, so that the collected leaching solution is more convenient to analyze; the annular nylon mesh bag is a nylon mesh bag with an annular supporting framework.
Further, the filtering structure is composed of a sieve mesh plate and a filter membrane which are arranged on the through hole, so that the filtering effect is better.
Further, the round holes are uniformly distributed on the shell, and the aperture of each round hole 11 can be 5-10mm, so that the practicability is higher.
Further, an air bag for extruding by utilizing the swing of the rotating blade is arranged on the supporting table, a raised air cavity is arranged on the guide pipe, a rotating rod is arranged in the guide pipe positioned in the air cavity, one end of the rotating rod is rotationally connected with the top surface of the air cavity, and the air cavity is communicated with the corresponding air bag through a connecting pipe; the rotating rod positioned in the air cavity is sleeved with a group of rotating wheels which rotate by utilizing the air flow discharged by the connecting pipe, and the rotating rod positioned in the guide pipe is sleeved with another group of rotating wheels; through the arrangement, the rotating blades stir the biochar and trigger the air bag, so that the air bag blows the rotating wheel to rotate through the connecting pipe, and leaching solution in the guide pipe is pulled out upwards.
Further, a protective cover for covering the third gear and the latch is arranged on the shaft lever of the rotating blade, so that the third gear and the latch can better realize transmission, and the influence of biochar on the transmission is reduced.
The invention also provides a method for collecting and evaluating the sample by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: filling biochar materials into each group of experimental bins, and sequentially placing each group of experimental bins into a shell, wherein the threaded rods of each layer of stirring assembly are assembled; obtaining a filled device;
s2: repeating the step S1 to obtain a plurality of groups of filled devices, then placing the plurality of groups of filled devices in an actual soil environment, stirring the biochar materials through a stirring assembly during the period, simultaneously respectively extracting leaching solutions in the guide pipe at different time nodes by utilizing the plurality of groups of filled devices, taking out the devices when an experiment period is completed, collecting the biochar materials, and completing the sampling;
s3: filtering the collected leaching solution by a filter membrane and then preserving; refrigerating the collected biochar materials at different temperatures according to different depths;
s4: using an organic carbon analyzer and a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometer to perform characterization analysis on the content and component characteristics of organic carbon in the filtered leaching solution, and setting experimental control for analysis, wherein the experimental control is a water leaching solution of a biochar material which is not filled into the device, so as to obtain experimental data of degradation and conversion characteristics of a biochar leachable component;
s5: analyzing the content and stability of carbon elements of a plurality of groups of collected biochar materials by adopting an element analyzer and a thermogravimetric analyzer, and obtaining experimental data of the utilization degradation degree of the carbon elements of the biochar materials;
s6: and (3) comprehensively analyzing the carbon stability of the biochar material according to experimental data obtained by S4 and S5 analysis to obtain main key factors influencing the degradation process of the biochar material.
In step S3, the refrigerating at different temperatures according to different depths is specifically that the biochar material is divided into five sections according to the depths, and one half of the samples collected in each section are refrigerated at 4 ℃ and the rest is refrigerated at-20 ℃. The collected biochar material is more scientifically preserved.
Further, in step S4, the charcoal material leaching solvent is ultrapure water, and the specific operation steps are as follows: weighing 0.2-1 g of biomass charcoal sample, dissolving in 50ml of ultrapure water, oscillating for 30min, then centrifuging at 4000r/min, centrifuging for 20min, and then passing through a 0.45 mu m filter membrane to obtain the water leaching solution of the biomass charcoal material.
Further, in step S6, the comprehensive analysis includes analyzing the dynamic change rule according to the data of different time periods, and combining the correlation analysis of the soil moisture, physicochemical property, microbiological property and the change of the property of the biochar material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the shell and the stirring mechanism, when the rotating wheel rotates reciprocally, the first thread ferrule and the second thread ferrule are matched on the threaded rod and move up and down, so that the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod swing, and when the first connecting rod swings, the latch rotates at an angle to drive the rotating blade to rotate, so that the biochar materials of all layers are uniformly mixed, and the sampling is more scientific.
(2) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the air bag and the rotating wheel mechanism, the air bag is extruded while the rotating blades stir the biochar, so that the air bag blows the rotating wheel to rotate through the connecting pipe, and therefore leaching solution in the guide pipe is pumped upwards, the leaching solution can be collected from the outside for multiple times, and the long-term degradation process of the biochar in the actual soil environment in the field can be tracked and monitored.
(3) According to the invention, the organic carbon analyzer, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometer and the evaluation method are adopted to detect and analyze the characteristic indexes, so that the surface structure of the biochar, the dynamic change rule of the carbon components and the response condition of the biochar to environmental factors are revealed, and the comprehensive quantitative evaluation result of the in-situ degradation characteristic of the biochar material is obtained, so that the potential effect of the biochar in the aspects of improving the carbon fixation capacity of soil and coping with climate change is comprehensively evaluated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the steering assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the steering assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the stirring assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the stirring assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the internal partial structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an assembly view of a rotor and a catheter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a wheel according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the device comprises a 1-shell, a 11-round hole, a 12-convex hole, a 121-filtering structure, a 122-conduit, a 123-rotating wheel, a 124 air cavity, a 2-stirring mechanism, a 21-steering assembly, a 211-first gear, a 2111-convex rod, a 212-second gear, a 213-rotating wheel, a 22-supporting table, a 23-rotating blade, a 24-threaded rod, a 25-first threaded ferrule, a 26-second threaded ferrule, a 27-first connecting rod, a 28-second connecting rod and a 3-air bag.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments to better embody the advantages of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a device for researching in-situ degradation characteristics of a biochar material comprises a shell 1 and a plurality of groups of experimental bins, wherein each experimental bin comprises a stirring mechanism 2, a supporting table 22 and an annular nylon mesh bag; the annular nylon mesh bag is a nylon mesh bag with an annular supporting framework;
the shell 1 is provided with a plurality of groups of round holes 11 for ensuring water passing in the shell 1, a plurality of groups of convex holes 12 which are arranged at equal intervals up and down are arranged on the outer wall of the shell 1 outside the round holes 11, and the supporting table 22 is positioned in the shell 1 at the position below each group of the convex holes 12 and is detachably connected with the shell 1; the bottom end of the annular nylon mesh bag is fixedly connected with the edge of the supporting table 22;
the shell 1 is provided with a plurality of groups of round holes 11 for ensuring water passing in the shell 1, five groups of convex holes 12 which are arranged at equal intervals up and down are arranged on the outer wall of the shell 1 outside the round holes 11, and a supporting table 22 is detachably arranged in the shell 1 positioned below each group of convex holes 12; the round holes 11 are uniformly distributed on the shell 1, and the aperture of each round hole 11 is 10mm; the length of the shell 1 is 1m, the inner diameter can be 70mm, and the wall thickness is 5mm; the round holes 11 are uniformly distributed on the shell 1, and the aperture of each round hole 11 is 10mm; the shell 1 is made of organic glass, and a filtering structure 121 is arranged in the convex hole 12; the filtering structure 121 is composed of a sieve plate arranged on the convex hole 12 and a filter membrane, and the aperture of the sieve plate is 1mm; the filter membrane is made of polypropylene material, and the pore diameter of the filter membrane is 10 mu m; as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the stirring mechanism 2 is composed of a steering assembly 21 arranged on the top surface of the casing 1 and stirring assemblies arranged on each group of supporting tables 22,
the steering assembly 21 comprises a rotating wheel 213, a first gear 211 and a second gear 212, wherein the first gear 211 and the second gear 212 are symmetrically arranged by taking the rotating wheel 213 as a symmetrical axis, the first gear 211 is meshed with the second gear 212 for transmission, a group of arc-shaped pieces which are mutually matched with each other and are alternately meshed with the rotating wheel 213 for forward and reverse rotation are respectively arranged on the same side surface of the first gear 211 and the second gear 212, and each arc-shaped piece is composed of four groups of convex rods 2111 with an angle of 40 degrees and arranged on the first gear 211 and the second gear 212; the first gear 211, the rotating wheel 213 and the second gear 212 are respectively connected with the top surface of the shell 1 in a rotating way through a group of connecting rods; the corresponding angle of the arc length of the arc-shaped piece is 160 degrees;
as shown in fig. 2, 5 and 6, the stirring assembly comprises two sets of rotating blades 23 and a set of threaded rods 24, wherein a third gear is fixedly sleeved at one end of each shaft rod of each rotating blade 23, two adjacent sets of threaded rods 24 are detachably connected, the threaded rods 24 are sequentially provided with a forward thread and a reverse thread from top to bottom, and a first threaded ferrule 25 and a second threaded ferrule 26 are sleeved on the threaded rods 24 at positions corresponding to the forward thread and the reverse thread respectively;
the first threaded ring 25 is provided with first connecting rods 27 the same in number as the rotating blades 23, one end of each first connecting rod 27 is fixedly connected with the first threaded ring 25, the other end of each first connecting rod 27 is provided with a latch used for pushing the third gear to move to one side of the inner wall of the shell 1 and rotate, the latch is meshed with the third gear, the second threaded ring 26 is provided with a second connecting rod 28, one end of each second connecting rod 28 is rotatably connected with the second threaded ring 26, and the other end of each second connecting rod 28 is connected with a shaft rod of the corresponding rotating blade 23 through a torsion spring;
the threaded rod 24 is fixedly connected with the rotating wheel 213; the shaft lever of the rotating blade 23 is provided with a protective cover for covering the third gear and the latch.
The method for collecting and evaluating the sample by using the device comprises the following steps:
s1: filling biochar materials into each group of experimental bins, and sequentially placing each group of experimental bins into a shell, wherein the threaded rods of each layer of stirring assembly are assembled; obtaining a filled device;
s2: repeating the step S1 to obtain a plurality of groups of filled devices, then placing the plurality of groups of filled devices in an actual soil environment, stirring the biochar materials through a stirring assembly during the period, simultaneously respectively extracting leaching solutions in the guide pipe at different time nodes by utilizing the plurality of groups of filled devices, taking out the devices when an experiment period is completed, collecting the biochar materials, and completing the sampling;
s3: filtering the collected leaching solution by a filter membrane and then preserving; refrigerating the collected biochar materials at different temperatures according to different depths; the refrigerating at different temperatures according to different depths is specifically that the biochar material is divided into five sections according to the depths, and one half of samples collected in each section are refrigerated at 4 ℃ and the rest is refrigerated at-20 ℃.
S4: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out characterization analysis on the content and component characteristics of organic carbon in a filtered leaching solution by using an organic carbon analyzer and a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometer, and simultaneously setting experimental control for analysis, wherein the experimental control is a biochar material leaching solution which is not filled into the device, and the biochar material leaching solvent is ultrapure water, and the specific operation steps are as follows: weighing 1g of biomass charcoal sample, dissolving in 50ml of ultrapure water, oscillating for 30min, performing centrifugal separation at 4000r/min, centrifuging for 20min, and passing through a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.45 mu m, wherein the filter membrane is a mixed fiber microporous filter membrane; obtaining a water leaching solution of the biochar material; experimental data of degradation and conversion characteristics of the leachable component of the biochar are obtained;
s5: analyzing the content and stability of carbon elements of a plurality of groups of collected biochar materials by adopting an element analyzer and a thermogravimetric analyzer, and obtaining experimental data of the utilization degradation degree of the carbon elements of the biochar materials;
s6: and (3) comprehensively analyzing the carbon stability of the biochar material according to the experimental data obtained by the analysis of S4 and S5 to obtain main key factors influencing the degradation process of the biochar material, wherein the comprehensive analysis comprises the analysis of the dynamic change rule by combining data of different time periods and the correlation analysis of the soil moisture, physicochemical property, microbiological property and the change of the biochar material property.
The working method of the device for researching the in-situ degradation characteristics of the biochar material comprises the following steps:
filling biochar materials into each group of experimental bins, and sequentially placing each group of experimental bins into the shell 1, wherein the threaded rods 24 of each layer of stirring assemblies are assembled; the filled device is obtained and placed in an actual soil environment,
in the middle of the experiment, the first gear 211 is driven to rotate by the starting motor, the first gear 211 drives the second gear 212 to rotate, the convex rod 2111 positioned on the first gear 211 drives the rotating wheel 213 to rotate forward, and the convex rod 2111 positioned on the second gear 212 drives the rotating wheel 213 to rotate reversely, so that the rotating wheel 213 rotates in a reciprocating manner; when the rotating wheel 213 reciprocally rotates, the threaded rod 24 is driven to rotate, the first threaded ring 25 is matched with the second threaded ring 26 on the threaded rod 24 and moves up and down, so that the first connecting rod 27 and the second connecting rod 28 swing, when the rotating wheel 213 positively rotates, the first threaded ring 25 downwards moves the second threaded ring 26 upwards, the latch on the first connecting rod 27 downwards pushes the third gear to move close to the shell 1, meanwhile, the third gear is meshed with the latch to rotate the third gear, the rotating stroke of the third gear is determined by the arc tooth surface length of the latch and the diameter of the third gear, the third gear drives the rotating blade 23 to rotate, and when the rotating wheel 213 reversely rotates, the third gear drives the rotating blade 23, and then the second connecting rod 28 and the shaft are reset under the action of the torsion spring, so that stirring is realized, the biochar materials of all layers are uniformly mixed, and when the experiment is completed, the device is taken out.
Example 2
This embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 1, and is different from the embodiment in that, as shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the convex hole 12 is provided with a conduit 122 which can be led out of the soil; the supporting table 22 is provided with an air bag 3 for pressing by swinging the rotating blade 23,
the guide pipe 122 is provided with a raised air cavity 124, a rotating rod is arranged in the guide pipe 122 positioned in the air cavity 124, one end of the rotating rod is rotationally connected with the top surface of the air cavity 124, and the air cavity 124 is communicated with the corresponding air bag 3 through a connecting pipe; the rotating rod of the air cavity 124 is sleeved with a group of rotating wheels 123 which rotate by utilizing the air flow discharged by the connecting pipe, and the rotating rod of the guide pipe 122 is sleeved with another group of rotating wheels 123.
The working principle of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, except that: under the swing of the first connecting rod 27, the latch is pressed down to push the third gear, so that the third gear and the rotating blade 23 move towards the inner wall of the shell 1 and squeeze the air bag 3, and the air bag 3 rotates by blowing the rotating wheel 123 through the connecting pipe, so that leaching solution in the conduit 122 is pumped upwards, and the leaching solution is collected for a plurality of times.
Example 3
The embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 1, and is different from the embodiment in that the third gear and the latch can be correspondingly replaced by a first friction wheel and a second friction wheel, the first friction wheel is rotationally connected with the 28, and the second friction wheel is fixedly connected with the other end of the 27.
The working principle of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, except that: under the swinging of the first connecting rod 27, the second friction wheel presses down and rubs to push the first friction wheel, so that the first friction wheel is pushed to move towards the inner wall of the shell 1, and simultaneously, under the friction action of the second friction wheel, the first friction wheel rotates, so that the rotating vane 23 is driven to rotate.
Claims (9)
1. The device for researching the in-situ degradation characteristics of the biochar material is characterized by comprising a shell (1) and a plurality of groups of experimental bins, wherein the experimental bins comprise a stirring mechanism (2), a supporting table (22) and an annular nylon net bag;
the shell (1) is provided with a plurality of groups of round holes (11) for ensuring water passing in the shell (1), a plurality of groups of convex holes (12) which are arranged at equal intervals up and down are arranged on the outer wall of the shell (1) outside the round holes (11), and the supporting table (22) is positioned in the shell (1) at the lower position of each group of the convex holes (12) and is detachably connected with the shell (1); one end of the annular nylon net bag is fixedly connected with the edge of the supporting table (22);
the stirring mechanism (2) is composed of a steering component (21) arranged on the top surface of the shell (1) and stirring components arranged on each group of supporting tables (22),
the steering assembly (21) comprises a rotating wheel (213), a first gear (211) and a second gear (212), wherein the first gear (211) and the second gear (212) are symmetrically arranged by taking the rotating wheel (213) as a symmetrical axis, the first gear (211) and the second gear (212) are in meshed transmission, a group of arc-shaped pieces which are mutually matched with each other and are alternately meshed with the rotating wheel (213) to rotate positively and negatively are respectively arranged on the same side surface of the first gear (211) and the second gear (212), and the arc-shaped pieces are formed by a plurality of groups of convex rods (2111) which are arranged on the first gear (211) and the second gear (212) at equal angles; the first gear (211), the rotating wheel (213) and the second gear (212) are respectively connected with the top surface of the shell (1) in a rotating way through a group of connecting rods; and the angle corresponding to the arc length of the arc-shaped piece is smaller than 180 degrees;
the stirring assembly comprises at least one group of rotating blades (23) and one group of threaded rods (24), a third gear is fixedly sleeved at one end of each shaft rod of each rotating blade (23), two adjacent groups of threaded rods (24) are detachably connected,
the threaded rod (24) is sequentially provided with a forward thread and a reverse thread from top to bottom, and a first threaded ferrule (25) and a second threaded ferrule (26) are sleeved on the threaded rod (24) at positions corresponding to the forward thread and the reverse thread respectively;
the first threaded ring (25) is provided with first connecting rods (27) the same as the rotating blades (23), one end of each first connecting rod (27) is fixedly connected with the first threaded ring (25), the other end of each first connecting rod (27) is provided with a latch used for pushing the third gear to move towards the inner wall side of the shell (1) and rotate, and the latch is meshed with the third gear;
a second connecting rod (28) is arranged on the second threaded ferrule (26), one end of the second connecting rod (28) is rotationally connected with the second threaded ferrule (26), and the other end of the second connecting rod (28) is connected with the shaft rod of the rotating blade (23) through a torsion spring;
the threaded rod (24) is fixedly connected with the rotating wheel (213); the convex hole (12) is provided with a conduit (122) which can be led out of the soil;
the supporting table (22) is provided with an air bag (3) for extruding by utilizing the swing of the rotating blade (23),
the guide pipe (122) is provided with a raised air cavity (124), a rotating rod is arranged in the guide pipe (122) positioned in the air cavity (124), one end of the rotating rod is rotationally connected with the top surface of the air cavity (124), and the air cavity (124) is communicated with the corresponding air bag (3) through a connecting pipe;
the rotating rod positioned in the air cavity (124) is sleeved with a group of rotating wheels (123) which rotate by utilizing the air flow exhausted by the connecting pipe, and the rotating rod positioned in the guide pipe (122) is sleeved with another group of rotating wheels (123).
2. Device for in-situ degradation property research of biochar materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the housing (1) is plexiglass, and the inside of the protruding holes (12) is provided with a filtering structure (121).
3. A device for in situ degradation property study of biochar material according to claim 2, characterized in that the filter structure (121) is composed of a sieve plate and a filter membrane arranged on the convex holes (12).
4. A device for investigation of in situ degradation characteristics of a biochar material according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular holes (11) are evenly distributed on the housing (1).
5. Device for in-situ degradation characteristics investigation of biochar materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of the rotating blade (23) is provided with a protective cover for covering the third gear and the latch.
6. A method for sample collection and evaluation using the device of any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
s1: filling biochar materials into each group of experimental bins, and sequentially placing each group of experimental bins into a shell (1), wherein threaded rods (24) of each layer of stirring assembly are assembled; obtaining a filled device;
s2: repeating the step S1 to obtain a plurality of groups of filled devices, then placing the plurality of groups of filled devices in an actual soil environment, stirring the biochar materials through a stirring assembly during the period, simultaneously respectively extracting leaching liquid in a conduit (122) at different time nodes by utilizing the plurality of groups of filled devices, taking out the devices when an experiment period is completed, and collecting the biochar materials to finish sampling;
s3: filtering the collected leaching solution by a filter membrane and then preserving; refrigerating the collected biochar materials at different temperatures according to different depths;
s4: using an organic carbon analyzer and a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometer to perform characterization analysis on the content and component characteristics of organic carbon in the filtered leaching solution, and setting experimental control for analysis, wherein the experimental control is a water leaching solution of a biochar material which is not filled into the device, so as to obtain experimental data of degradation and conversion characteristics of a biochar leachable component;
s5: analyzing the content and stability of carbon elements of a plurality of groups of collected biochar materials by adopting an element analyzer and a thermogravimetric analyzer, and obtaining experimental data of the utilization degradation degree of the carbon elements of the biochar materials;
s6: and (3) comprehensively analyzing the carbon stability of the biochar material according to experimental data obtained by S4 and S5 analysis to obtain main key factors influencing the degradation process of the biochar material.
7. The method for collecting and evaluating samples by using the device for researching the in-situ degradation characteristics of the charcoal material according to claim 6, wherein in the step S3, the charcoal material is refrigerated at different temperatures according to different depths, specifically, the charcoal material is divided into five sections according to the depths, and one half of the collected samples are refrigerated at 4 ℃ and the rest is refrigerated at-20 ℃.
8. The method for sample collection and evaluation by using the device for in-situ degradation characteristic study of a biochar material according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, the biochar material leaching solvent is ultrapure water, and the specific operation steps are as follows: weighing 0.2-1 g of biomass charcoal sample, dissolving in 50ml of ultrapure water, oscillating for 30min, then centrifuging at 4000r/min, centrifuging for 20min, and passing through a filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.45 mu m to obtain the water leaching solution of the biomass charcoal material.
9. The method for collecting and evaluating samples by using the device for in-situ degradation characteristic study of charcoal material according to claim 6, wherein in step S6, the comprehensive analysis includes analyzing the dynamic change rule by combining data of different time periods, and combining correlation analysis of soil moisture, physicochemical properties, microbiological properties and changes of charcoal material properties.
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| CN109959772B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-09-07 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | In-situ monitoring test device and method for soil leaching |
| CN110411543B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2020-12-04 | 江苏中海华核环保有限公司 | Metering equipment for temporarily storing radioactive waste resin and capable of adjusting proportion of water to resin |
| CN213918963U (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-08-10 | 沂南沂泰环保建材科技有限公司 | Concrete mixer with vibrations stirring arm |
| CN113655199B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-12-05 | 长江大学 | Soil leaching in-situ monitoring test device and method capable of achieving layered sampling |
| CN114280271B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-12-01 | 中北大学 | Method for testing degradation rate of biodegradable high polymer material in soil |
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