CN102944449A - Passive sampling device of multi-component atmospheric organic pollutants - Google Patents
Passive sampling device of multi-component atmospheric organic pollutants Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944449A CN102944449A CN201210474571XA CN201210474571A CN102944449A CN 102944449 A CN102944449 A CN 102944449A CN 201210474571X A CN201210474571X A CN 201210474571XA CN 201210474571 A CN201210474571 A CN 201210474571A CN 102944449 A CN102944449 A CN 102944449A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passive sampling device of multi-component atmospheric organic pollutants and belongs to the field of sampling devices of organic pollutants in the air. The passive sampling device comprises a top hook, a sampling device body, baffles, a connection rod and an embedded screen drum. The sampling device body is of a layer structure formed by overlaying N baffles from top to bottom, and the baffles are fixedly connected through a connection rod in the middle of the sampling device body; the baffles are of cap-shaped structures with the middle protruding upwards and the periphery dropping; the baffle on the uppermost layer is in thread connection with the connection rod; and the embedded type screen drum is vertically placed in the sampling device body. The passive sampling device can collect organic pollutants different in type, simultaneously can obtain parallel samples of the atmosphere, can meet the pollution investigation and monitoring requirements on characteristic pollutants of volatile components and semi-volatile components like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in chemical-industry type pollution sites and has the advantages of being low in cost, easy and convenient to operate and convenient to carry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the sampling apparatus field of organic contaminant in the air, more particularly, relate to a kind of passive sampling apparatus that utilizes molecular diffusion and penetration theory can gather simultaneously the plurality of organic pollutants such as volatility, half volatile in the air of indoor and outdoor.
Background technology
Along with the China recent years city size constantly enlarges and the adjustment of economic structure, urban atmospheric pollution shows has regional and compound contamination characteristics, brings many harm to the city crowd is healthy and safe.Wherein, poisonous organic component in the atmosphere can be divided into volatile constituent and half volatile component on kind, but the power supply power that existing atmospheric surveillance technology needs to assist more provides, and apparatus expensive can't satisfy the monitoring requirements that has indoor, outdoor large scale, many pollution components now.For example, in current at home announced relevant criterion and the technical manual, the standard criterion of the atmospheric surveillance that relates to mainly comprises: " GB3095-2012 ambient air quality ", " NY/T 397-2000 farming district ambient air quality Specifications of Monitoring Technology " and " the manual Specifications of Monitoring Technology of HJ/T 194-2005 ambient air quality ", the active monitoring device of many employings carries out the collection of atmospheric pollution component in these standards.At present for half volatile organic contaminant in the atmosphere, have no relevant report such as the monitoring method of the poisonous persistence organic pollutant of this class of organochlorine insecticide.In the ambient air quality of latest edition (GB 3095-2012) to the air participates in the outdoor air, sulphuric dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, what the assay method of the components such as ozone mainly adopted is glass syringe, the air sampling bag, absorption tube, adsorption tube, filter membrane, the devices such as sample can gather, these devices mostly are active automatic sample mode, and syringe, sampler bag, the hand sampling apparatuses such as sample can only can gather tens of milliliters to several fixed volumes that rise, the air sample of one-component can't satisfy the sampling request of present complex atmospheric environments.
Current technology for the indoor and outdoor atmospheric surveillance mainly is divided into active and passive type according to monitoring mode.Active monitoring technology comprises collection and the analysis that realizes environmental sample with active monitoring equipments such as manpower, driven by power equipment and instruments, be the most widely used a kind of environmental monitoring technology, have problems but this technology is applied to the indoor and outdoor atmospheric surveillance.At first, since lower owing to pollutant levels in the air, usually at ng/m
3Or pg/m
3Level then needs to gather hundreds of cubes air for obtaining enough amount of analysis, and conventional active sampling thief needs to move tens of hours continuously under the driven by power.Secondly, because initiatively the sampling thief volume is large, and the equipment such as the cutter of configuration precision, brushless electric machine, price is expensive, be not easy to move, therefore the sampling operation personnel had certain technical requirement, need Attended mode during use, be applied to the indoor and outdoor atmospheric surveillance and expend a large amount of human and material resources, large-scale air monitering investigation is very difficult for carrying out.
And the passive type monitoring technology is based on a kind of monitoring technology that molecular diffusion principle or penetration theory gather gas (liquid) attitude in the solvent or steam attitude pollutant, and the collection of its sample realizes by the passive type sampling apparatus.The passive type sampling apparatus enters the difference of absorption layer approach usually according to material molecule, can be divided into diffused passive type sampling (Diffusion Passive) device and osmosis type passive type sampling (Permeation Passive) device two classes.Kind according to collected specimens is different, can be divided into gas passive type sampling apparatus, liquid passive type sampling apparatus, solid passive type sampling apparatus three classes.
With respect to the active monitoring technology, the passive type monitoring technology can be implemented in and need not electric power in the sampling process, and equipment is cheap, need not human intervention in the sampling process, is more convenient for realizing the investigation of Large-scale areas atmospheric environment and Simultaneous Monitoring.
The passive type Sampling techniques that occur in recent years mainly concentrate on take tygon, isocyanurate foam (PUF) material as main sampling apparatus, materials is mainly used in the absorbing multiring aromatic hydrocarbon material, and sampling apparatus is subject to the adsorbent kind, each installs each sampling only can gather first kinds of pollution matter matter, gathers when can't realize plurality of organic pollutants and parallel sample (usually requiring three parallel sampleses).As: China Patent No.: 200910077064.0, open day on 07 08th, 2009, the patent document that a name is called a kind of passive semi-volatile atmosphere organic pollutant sampling apparatus is disclosed, a sampling apparatus of this patent disclosure has used the PUF material only can gather multiring aromatic hydrocarbon substance, can't collect volatile organic contaminant.China Patent No. 01249842.4, open day on 04 10th, 2002, the patent document that a name is called passive atmospheric organic contaminant sampling thief is disclosed, adopted solution system as absorbing agent in the device of this patent disclosure, be used for outdoor sampling.Owing to do not adopt the sampling apparatus of liquid absorbent portable and easily cause the loss of absorption liquid, the defective that also can't collect simultaneously the plurality of organic pollutants such as volatilization and half volatile.And the pollutant in the present atmosphere of China, especially chemical industry, pesticide excessive risk contaminated site then can exist simultaneously take palycyclic aromatic, organochlorine insecticide, benzene homologues etc. as main half volatile component and the simultaneous situation of volatile matter, therefore need a kind of sampling apparatus that can monitor simultaneously the plurality of organic pollutants such as benzene hexachloride, D.D.T. (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane), benzene,toluene,xylene of exploitation.
Summary of the invention
The problem that solves
The present invention can't gather the shortcoming of multiple types organic contaminant in the air simultaneously mainly for traditional passive type sampling apparatus, a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus is provided, this sampling apparatus can be used for the passive type collection of volatility, half volatile organic contaminant component in the energy Sync enrichment atmosphere in the environment of indoor and outdoor, have the advantages such as unpowered, low-cost, safe and portable, be fit to China's current complex atmospheric environments passive atmospheric monitoring technology.
Technical scheme
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus, comprise that top hook and sampling apparatus body form, described top hook is positioned at sampling apparatus body top, also comprise baffle plate, connecting link and embedded screen drum, the layer structure of described sampling apparatus body for being formed by stacking up and down by N baffle plate, the connecting link by sampling apparatus body middle part between the baffle plate is connected and fixed; Described N gets 3-15; Described baffle plate is middle to upper process, sagging cap-like structure all around; The baffle plate of the superiors was threaded connection with being connected of connecting link; Described embedded screen drum vertically is placed on the sampling apparatus body interior.Baffle plate be designed for rain cover and dustproof.The baffle plate of the superiors was threaded connection with being connected of connecting link, and the baffle plate of the superiors can mount and dismount easily, was in order conveniently to put into and take out embedded screen drum.
Further, the lower surface of the baffle plate bottom the described sampling apparatus body is circular horizontal structure.
Further, there is through hole at the middle part of the N-2 of a described middle part baffle plate, and embedded screen drum passes the through hole at baffle plate middle part.The N-2 of a middle part baffle plate refers to other all baffle plates except uppermost baffle plate and nethermost baffle plate.
Further, the height of described embedded screen drum is less than the distance between the superiors' baffle plate and the bottommost baffle plate.
Further, described embedded screen drum is cylindrical structural, and screw top is arranged at the top.After opening, top cover can put into sorbing material.
Further, the inserts of described embedded screen drum inside is a kind of in activated charcoal, molecular sieve, silica gel or the high-molecular porous resin sorbent.
Further, described embedded screen drum has 1-16.
Further, the material of described baffle plate, connecting link and embedded screen drum is stainless steel.
Further, the distance between the described baffle plate is 2-3cm.
Beneficial effect
Than prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) structure of sampling apparatus body integral body of the present invention and the particular design of baffle plate, so that the present invention has rainproof and dustproof effect, need not the sustainable sample collection that carries out of electric power supply during the sample collection, satisfy the collection requirement of the atmospheric sample under the open-air non-transformer dynamic condition, be fit to the open-air contaminated site environmental monitoring demands such as indoor and outdoor;
(2) baffle plate of the superiors of the present invention was threaded connection with being connected of connecting link, and it is very convenient to put into and take out embedded screen drum, simple to operate;
(3) inserts of the embedded screen drum of the present invention inside is a kind of in activated charcoal, molecular sieve, silica gel or the high-molecular porous resin sorbent, embedded screen drum has 1-16, can realize simultaneously the collection to dissimilar organic contaminants, and can obtain simultaneously the parallel samples of atmosphere, satisfy pollution surveys and monitoring requirements to chemical contaminated site feature pollutants such as volatile constituent benzene, toluene and half volatile component palycyclic aromatics;
(4) the present invention is with low cost, and is easy and simple to handle, is easy to carry, for the regional environment investigation of carrying out large spatial scale provides possibility;
(5) after the present invention finishes collection, being convenient to carry out quickly and easily method with the various universal pre-processing devices in laboratory (such as head space, purge and trap, fast solvent extraction, ultrasonic extraction), large-sized analytic instrument (such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer etc.) docks, be convenient to the qualitative and quantitative analysis analysis to variety classes pollutant in the sample, guarantee the accuracy of testing result;
(6) installing/dismounting of the present invention is simple, has guaranteed that the absorbent module in the sampling apparatus can load and unload fast, farthest avoids the pollution that may be subject in the sampling process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, front view of the present invention;
The A-A cut-open view of Fig. 2, Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 3, oblique view of the present invention;
Fig. 4, sampling apparatus of the present invention are to the adsorption curve of benzene;
Fig. 5, sampling apparatus of the present invention are to the adsorption curve of toluene;
Fig. 6, sampling apparatus of the present invention are to the adsorption curve of naphthalene;
Fig. 7, sampling apparatus of the present invention are to the adsorption curve of phenanthrene.
Among the figure: 1, top hook; 2, baffle plate; 3, connecting link; 4, embedded screen drum.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with concrete accompanying drawing.
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus, comprise that top hook 1 and sampling apparatus body form, top hook 1 is positioned at sampling apparatus body top, and the lower surface of the baffle plate 2 of sampling apparatus body bottom is circular horizontal structure.The present invention also comprises baffle plate 2, connecting link 3 and embedded screen drum 4, the layer structure of sampling apparatus body for being formed by stacking up and down by N baffle plate 2, distance between the baffle plate 2 is 2-3cm, and the circulation of air of 4 of outside air and embedded screen drums is convenient in the gap between every layer of baffle plate 2.Connecting link 3 by sampling apparatus body middle part between the baffle plate 2 is connected and fixed; N gets 3-15, and concrete quantity determines according to the height of the embedded screen drum 4 of installing, and namely embedded screen drum 4 is higher, and the quantity of the baffle plate 2 that needs is more; Baffle plate 2 is middle to upper process, sagging cap-like structure all around; The baffle plate 2 of the superiors was threaded connection with being connected of connecting link 3; Embedded screen drum 4 vertically is placed on the sampling apparatus body interior.The shape of baffle plate 2 is designed for rain cover and dustproof.The inserts of embedded screen drum 4 inside is a kind of in activated charcoal, molecular sieve, silica gel or the high-molecular porous resin sorbent.Embedded screen drum 4 is cylindrical structural, and screw top is arranged at the top.Such design is in order to make things convenient for picking and placeing of adsorbent.Embedded screen drum 4 has 1-16.The quantity of embedded screen drum 4 determines according to the sample actual needs of required collection, 1-16 can, the quantity of the sample type that gathers as required and the parallel samples that needs is determined.The baffle plate 2 of the superiors was threaded connection with being connected of connecting link 3, and the baffle plate 2 of the superiors can mount and dismount easily, was in order conveniently to put into and take out embedded screen drum 4.There is through hole at the middle part of the N-2 of a middle part baffle plate 2, and the baffle plate 2 of the superiors and the bottom need not be opened the hole.Embedded screen drum 4 passes the through hole at baffle plate 2 middle parts.The height of embedded screen drum 4 is less than the distance between the superiors' baffle plate 2 and the bottommost baffle plate 2.The material of baffle plate 2, connecting link 3 and embedded screen drum 4 is stainless steel, can avoid atmosphere to the corrosion of this device.
The present invention can link up with 1 by the top and adopt hang to be fixed on the resistates such as balcony, trees, also can directly be positioned on the fixed pan.Sampling apparatus is to benzene, toluene, naphthalene and luxuriant and rich with fragrance uptake and the relation of time such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention further is described.
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus, comprise that top hook 1 and sampling apparatus body form, top hook 1 is positioned at sampling apparatus body top, and the lower surface of the baffle plate 2 of sampling apparatus body bottom is circular horizontal structure.Also comprise baffle plate 2, connecting link 3 and embedded screen drum 4, the layer structure of sampling apparatus body for being formed by stacking up and down by 6 baffle plates 2, the connecting link 3 by sampling apparatus body middle part between the baffle plate 2 is connected and fixed; Distance between the baffle plate 2 is 2cm.Baffle plate 2 is middle to upper process, sagging cap-like structure all around; The baffle plate 2 of the superiors was threaded connection with being connected of connecting link 3; There is through hole at the middle part of 4 baffle plates 2 in middle part.Embedded screen drum 4 passes in the through hole at baffle plate 2 middle parts of sampling apparatus body, and embedded screen drum 4 has 4, if need parallel samples, also can adopt 8,12 or 16, and using method is constant.Embedded screen drum 4 is cylindrical structural, and screw top is arranged at the top, and inner inserts is respectively activated charcoal, molecular sieve, silica gel and high-molecular porous resin sorbent.The material of baffle plate 2, connecting link 3 and embedded screen drum 4 is stainless steel.
Present embodiment is applied to the sample collection of benzene in the atmosphere, toluene volatile matter, and step is as follows:
(1) before the use the embedded screen drum 4 that fills sorbing material is carried out purified treatment to remove the organism that may exist in the adsorbent, adopt thermal desorption or solvent extraction purification mode according to no sorbent characteristics.Embedded screen drum 4 after the purification is packed into rapidly in the brown VOCs bottle of 40ml, and airtight low temperature is preserved.
(2) the present invention is carried into the scene, places or hung this sampling apparatus at corresponding sampled point, from air-tight bottle, take out the caulking groove that embedded screen drum is put into sampling apparatus, carry out dissimilar component collections.
(3) in the Polluted area collection, acquisition time is 8h, after sample collection is finished, embedded screen drum is packed in the brown VOCs bottle of 40ml, and 4 ℃ of low temperature are preserved, and deliver to as early as possible the laboratory and analyze.The Application standard curve carries out time and the sampling time of sampling thief in actual environment that concentration revises to sampling thief and is consistent in the present embodiment.
(4) sample analysis, behind the sample collection, after embedded screen drum 4 taking-ups, use thermal desorption pipe desorption to resolve or use purge and trap device to carry out gas purging and sample capture it, the use gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GCMS) carries out the quantitative test of benzene,toluene,xylene to sample.
With embodiment 1, difference is the sample collection that present embodiment is applied to the half volatile material such as palycyclic aromatic in the atmosphere, and the distance between the baffle plate 2 is 3cm.Embedded screen drum 4 has 2, and what filled inside is respectively Carbonized fibrous resin, XAD-2 resin.If need parallel samples, also can adopt 4,6 or 8, using method is constant.After sample collection is finished, to can use ultrasonic extraction or accelerated solvent extraction device to carry out sample extraction after the embedded screen drum taking-up, select n-hexane/acetone (1:1 according to the character of evaluating objects thing, volume ratio) or the dicyandiamide solution of normal hexane/methylene chloride (1:9, volume ratio) extract.Consider the extraction efficiency that the accelerated solvent extraction device is higher, so this kind of recommendation extraction mode, and the embedded screen drum of this sampling thief can directly be put into the 66ml abstraction pool and carries out extracting operation.Extract after the extraction is about 100ml, is concentrated into 1ml, uses gas chromatography or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GCMS) to carry out quantitative test.
Below schematically the present invention and embodiment thereof are described, this description does not have restricted, shown in the accompanying drawing also is one of embodiments of the present invention, actual structure is not limited to this, and the inserts of the embedded screen drum of the present invention 4 inside is chosen as a kind of in activated charcoal, molecular sieve, silica gel or the high-molecular porous resin sorbent and has schematically selected these four kinds according to gathering organic pollutant category, other adsorbent can be selected according to the organic pollutant category that will measure, and present specification no longer one by one Ao is stated.So, if those of ordinary skill in the art is enlightened by it, in the situation that does not break away from the invention aim, without the creationary frame mode similar to this technical scheme and the embodiment of designing, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus, comprise that top hook (1) and sampling apparatus body form, described top hook (1) is positioned at sampling apparatus body top, it is characterized in that: also comprise baffle plate (2), connecting link (3) and embedded screen drum (4), the layer structure of described sampling apparatus body for being formed by stacking up and down by N baffle plate (2), the connecting link (3) by sampling apparatus body middle part between the baffle plate (2) is connected and fixed; Described N gets 3-15; Described baffle plate (2) is middle to upper process, sagging cap-like structure all around; The baffle plate of the superiors (2) was threaded connection with being connected of connecting link (3); Described embedded screen drum (4) vertically is placed on the sampling apparatus body interior.
2. a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the lower surface of the baffle plate (2) of described sampling apparatus body bottom is circular horizontal structure.
3. a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: there is through hole at the middle part of the N-2 of a described middle part baffle plate (2), and embedded screen drum (4) passes the through hole at baffle plate (2) middle part.
4. a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the height of described embedded screen drum (4) is less than the distance between the superiors' baffle plate (2) and the bottommost baffle plate (2).
5. a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described embedded screen drum (4) is cylindrical structural, and screw top is arranged at the top.
6. it is characterized in that according to claim 1 or 3 or 4 or 5 described a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus: the inner inserts of described embedded screen drum (4) is a kind of in activated charcoal, molecular sieve, silica gel or the high-molecular porous resin sorbent.
7. a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described embedded screen drum (4) has 1-16.
8. the described a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus of any one according to claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the material of described baffle plate (2), connecting link (3) and embedded screen drum (4) is stainless steel.
9. the described a kind of polycomponent atmosphere organic pollutant passive sampling apparatus of any one according to claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the distance between the described baffle plate (2) is 2-3cm.
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Application publication date: 20130227 |