CN115536641A - 一种内酯化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种内酯化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115536641A CN115536641A CN202211198810.3A CN202211198810A CN115536641A CN 115536641 A CN115536641 A CN 115536641A CN 202211198810 A CN202211198810 A CN 202211198810A CN 115536641 A CN115536641 A CN 115536641A
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- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002889 sympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种内酯化合物及其制备方法与应用。所述内酯化合物的结构式如式I所示。该化合物具有适宜的溶解度,储存条件下相对稳定,药代实验表明在眼组织中能够检测到毛果芸香碱,并且在睫状体靶向组织中的药物浓度显著高于其它组织,避免毛果芸香碱滴眼液的突释效应带来的副作用,在4小时后睫状体中的药物浓度高于毛果芸香碱滴眼液组,作用时间延长,显著优于毛果芸香碱,能够制备成液体制剂,如滴眼液和注射液等,用于治疗眼组织疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及一种匹鲁卡品(毛果芸香碱)前体药物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
毛果芸香碱,又名匹鲁卡品,是M胆碱受体激动药,主要激动M受体,产生M样作用,1875年巴西才听后从美洲毛果芸香属植物叶中提取出的生物碱,为叔胺类化合物,水溶液稳定,现已能人工合成。
毛果芸香碱能直接作用于副交感神经(包括支配汗腺交感神经)节后纤维支配的效应器官的M胆碱受体,尤其对眼和腺体作用较明显。本药可激动瞳孔括约肌的M胆碱受体,表现为瞳孔缩小。降低眼内压:毛果芸香碱通过缩瞳作用可使虹膜向中心拉动,虹膜根部变薄,从而使处于虹膜周围的前房角间隙扩大,房水易于经滤帘进人巩膜静脉窦,使眼内压下降。毛果芸香碱(10~15mg皮下注射)可明显增加汗腺、唾液腺的分泌。此外,其他腺体如泪腺、胃腺、胰腺、小肠腺体和呼吸道腺体分泌亦增加。
毛果芸香碱除兴奋眼内瞳孔括约肌和睫状肌外,本药还能兴奋肠道平滑肌、支气管平滑肌、子宫、膀胱及胆道平滑肌。
临床应用:
1.青光眼:低浓度的毛果芸香碱滴眼可用于治疗闭角型青光眼,用药后使患者瞳孔缩小、前房角间隙扩大,眼内压下降。但高浓度时可造成患者症状加重,故不宜使用。本品对开角型青光眼早期也有一定疗效,但机制未明。
2.虹膜炎与扩瞳药交替使用,以防止虹膜与晶状体粘连。
3.其他本药可增加唾液分泌,可口服用于颈部放射后的口腔干燥,但汗液分泌也明显增加,还可用作抗胆碱药阿托品中毒的解救。
我们在实验中发现,在给予新西兰兔眼睛毛果芸香碱滴眼液后,0.5小时在房水中检测到药物浓度最高达到25580.00ng/ml,而1小时候迅速衰减到3113.60ng/ml,4小时衰减到50.73ng/ml,这种在短时间内迅速释放达到较高药物浓度的现象称为突释效应,突释效应不仅造成在初始时间由于药物浓度过高而导致的副作用,也由于快速衰减,药物维持药效时间很短,双重的负面效应,同时我们发现毛果芸香碱(P1组)在房水和角膜中的药物浓度远远高在睫状体中的药物浓度,而P2和P3组在睫状体中的药物浓度显著高于在房水和角膜中的药物浓度,而睫状体是治疗老化的靶向器官组织,P2和P3组在各眼组织的药物浓度不同时间段药物浓度趋于平缓,避免了毛果芸香碱的突释效应,在4小时后P2和P3组的睫状体药物浓度开始高于P1组至12小时,由此可见P2和P3更有利治疗老花等与缩瞳相关的疾病。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种优良的毛果芸香碱前体药物。
本发明所提供的毛果芸香碱前体药物,为式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
所述式I中,Rm为苯甲酸的单取代或多取代的R片段化合物,多取代时R可以为相同或不相同的取代基,取代基个数m=0-5;
所述式I中,R独立地选自为氢,卤素(Cl、Br、F、I),(C1-C5)烷烃或含有取代基的(C1-C5)烷烃、(C3-C8)碳环基烷基、(C2-C8)烯基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8)炔基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)炔基、(C6-C20)芳基或含有取代基的(C6-C20)芳基、(C2-C20)杂环基或含有取代基的(C2-C20)杂环基,-ORa,-NRbRc,-SO2(ORd)。
所述Ra,Rb,Rc,Rd独立地选自为氢,(C1-C5)烷烃或含有取代基的(C1-C5)烷烃、(C3-C8)碳环基烷基、(C2-C8)烯基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8)炔基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)炔基、(C6-C20)芳基或含有取代基的(C6-C20)芳基、(C2-C20)杂环基或含有取代基的(C2-C20)杂环基。
优选的,所述R独立地选自氢、卤素、甲基、乙基、丙基、三氟甲基,其单取代或多取代苯甲酸的结构式如下所示:
进一步的,所述I式中,所述X-选自下述酸电离时产生的酸根阴离子:盐酸、甲磺酸、硫酸、富马酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸、硝酸、柠檬酸、磷酸、HBr、HI、琥珀酸、醋酸、硫酸氢、乳酸、苯甲磺酸、肉桂酸、水杨酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、苹果酸。
具体的,所述式I所示的化合物可为下述任一所示化合物:
上述结构式中X-优选自下述酸电离时产生的酸根阴离子:盐酸、苯甲磺酸、硫酸、富马酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸。
本发明中所述式I所示化合物药学上可接受的盐是指在可靠的医学判断范围内,适合用于与人类和低等动物的组织接触而不出现过度的毒性、刺激、过敏反应等,且与合理的效果/风险比相称的盐。
优选地,所述式I所示的化合物药学上可接受的盐为:盐酸盐、甲磺酸盐、硫酸盐、富马酸盐、枸橼酸盐、酒石酸盐、硝酸盐、柠檬盐、磷酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、琥珀酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸氢盐、乳酸盐、苯甲磺酸盐。
本发明还提供了上述的式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗眼组织疾病的药物中的应用。
所述眼组织疾病为老花、青光眼、虹膜与晶状体的黏连。
本发明同时提供了上述的式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗与缩瞳有关的疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种用于预防和/或治疗眼组织疾病的药物或药物组合物,包括如上述所述的式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
所述药物可通过注射、喷射、滴鼻、滴眼、渗透、吸收、物理或化学介导的方法导入机体如肌肉、皮内、皮下、静脉、粘膜组织;或是被其他物质混合或包裹后导入机体。
优选地,所述眼组织疾病为老花等与瞳孔缩放有关的疾病;或所述眼组织疾病为以睫状体为靶向组织器官的眼组织疾病。
优选地,所述药物或药物组合物的剂型为液体制剂;优选地,所述液体制剂为滴眼液或注射液。上述各种剂型的药物均可以按照药学领域的常规方法制备。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明式I所示的化合物,具有适宜的溶解度,为优良的毛果芸香碱前体药物,本发明式I化合物能够避免毛国芸香碱滴眼液的突释效应,药物浓度显著平缓,并且在4小时后式I所示的化合物在睫状体药物浓度候高于毛果芸香碱滴眼液,且在睫状体靶向组织器官的药物浓度显著高于其它组织角膜和房水,更有利于治疗老花等眼组织疾病。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述,给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。以下提供的实施例可作为本技术领域普通技术人员进行进一步改进的指南,并不以任何方式构成对本发明的限制。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐的合成(P-2)
1)氯甲基2-甲基苯甲酸酯
将2-甲基苯甲酸(20.0g,147mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(200mL)中,分别加入水(200mL)、碳酸氢钠(49.0g,588mmol)、四丁基硫酸氢铵(5.0g,14.7mmol),搅拌均匀。混合液冷却至0℃,滴加氯甲基氯磺酸酯(29.0g,176mmol),滴加完毕,室温反应2h。反应液静置分层,有机相浓缩后柱层析纯化得到透明油状物氯甲基2-甲基苯甲酸酯(27.0g,99.9%)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz)δ7.97(d,1H),7.44(m,1H),7.26(m,2H),5.93(s,2H),2.63(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:185.6[M+H]+.
2)4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐
分别将乙腈(100mL)、毛果芸香碱硝酸盐(20.0g,73.8mmol)、无水碘化钠(11.1g,73.8mmol)、氯甲基2-甲基苯甲酸酯(16.3g,88.6mmol)加入三口圆底烧瓶中,60℃恒温搅拌20h。反应液过滤、浓缩,柱层析纯化得到泡沫状固体4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐(14.5g,50.0%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz)δ9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,7H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:357.1[M]+.
实施例2、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-甲磺酸鎓盐的合成
将2)4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐(1.0g,2.54mmol)溶解于水(20mL)中,通过AG MP-1M阴离子交换树脂脱盐处理,洗脱液用甲磺酸中和,浓缩重结晶得到浅黄色4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-甲磺酸鎓盐(0.98g,85.0%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz)δ9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,7H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:357.1[M]+.
实施例3、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-硫酸鎓盐的合成
综合实施例2转盐方法可以得到,4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-硫酸鎓盐。1H NMR(DMSO-d6400MHz)δ9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,7H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MSm/z:357.1[M]+.
实施例4、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-富马酸鎓盐的合成
综合实施例2转盐方法可以得到,4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-富马酸鎓盐。1H NMR(DMSO-d6400MHz)δ12.0(s,1H),9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),6.25(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,7H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:357.1[M]+.
实施例5、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-枸橼酸鎓盐的合成
综合实施例2转盐方法可以得到,4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-枸橼酸鎓盐。1H NMR(DMSO-d6400MHz)δ12.0(s,2H),9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),6.25(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,7H),1.17-1.50(m,6H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:357.1[M]+.
实施例6、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-酒石酸鎓盐的合成
综合实施例2转盐方法可以得到,4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-酒石酸鎓盐。1H NMR(DMSO-d6400MHz)δ12.0(s,1H),9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),5.05(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,7H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:357.1[M]+.
实施例7、3-((苯甲酸基)甲基)-4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐的合成(P-3)
综合实施例1的合成方法,先通过苯甲酸制备得到氯甲酯苯甲酸酯,再与毛果芸香碱硝酸盐烷基化得到泡沫状固体3-((苯甲酸基)甲基)-4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐。1H NMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz)δ9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,4H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:343.1[M]+.
实施例8、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2,4-二甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐(P-4)
综合实施例1的合成方法,以2,4-二甲基苯甲酸为起始物料合成2,4-二甲基苯甲酸氯甲酯,再与毛果芸香碱硝酸盐烷基化得到泡沫状固体4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2,4-二甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-氯鎓盐。1HNMR(DMSO-d6 400MHz)δ9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,10H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MS m/z:371.1[M]+.
实施例8
8、4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-磷酸鎓盐的合成
综合实施例3转盐方法可以得到,4-(((3R,4S)-4-乙基-5-氧代四氢呋喃-3-基)甲基)-1-甲基-3-(((2-甲基苯甲酰)氧)甲基)-1氢-咪唑-3-磷酸鎓盐。1H NMR(DMSO-d6400MHz)δ9.89(s,1H),8.03(d,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.28(m,2H),6.44(s,2H),4.38-4.15(m,2H),4.01(s,3H),2.94-2.61(m,10H),1.17-1.50(m,2H),1.01(s,3H).ESI-MSm/z:371.1[M]+.
采用上述实施例中其它盐的合成方法得到其它有机和无机盐。
同理也可获得式1所示化合物的其它盐。
实施例9、P-1(毛果芸香碱)、P-2、P-3、P-4新西兰兔眼部给药药代动力学特征探索试验
【方法】选择给药后0.5、1、2、4、8、12h点进行房水、角膜、结膜、虹膜-睫状体的采集。使用小手术剪把左右眼角膜、结膜、虹膜-睫状体剪碎成小块,精密称量后加入50%甲醇水溶液(角膜、结膜、巩膜质量体积比1:10,虹膜-睫状体质量体积比为1:20),使用研磨器研磨(程序为循环研磨4次,每个循环6500rpm研磨30s等待20s),然后低速离心机4000rpm离心10min,吸取上清液,冷冻保存待测。检测前,分别取50μL的房水/组织匀浆液放于室温解冻后,加入200μL的内标工作液(1ng/mL的地西泮乙腈溶液),5档涡旋混合5min后,使用高速离心机12000rpm下离心10min,取上清液50μL装入自动进样器小瓶待测。
【结果】新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,虹膜-睫状体中毛果芸香碱的主要药代动力学见下表。
【结论】
1)新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3滴眼液后,虹膜-睫状体中毛果芸香碱均在1h附近迅速达峰,同时暴露水平(AUC(0-t)、Cmax)平均值:P-1>P-4>P-2>P-3;但4h后的平均药物浓度,P-4组明显高于同时间段的P-1、P-2及P-3组。
2)P-2、P-3、、P-4组新西兰兔,虹膜-睫状体中毛果芸香碱的t1/2、MRT(0-t)相比P-1组,明显延长。
详细的实验方法及结果如下所示:
试验目的
考察新西兰兔等摩尔眼结膜囊给药P-1、P-2、P-3滴眼液0.5、1、2、4、8、12h后,房水、角膜、结膜、虹膜-睫状体等组织中代谢产物毛果芸香碱的含量,探索P-1、P-2、P-3在新西兰兔眼部的药代动力学特征。
1实验材料
1.1供试品
1.1.1 P-1(毛果芸香碱):白色粉末状固体,分子量:271,批号:20220422,纯度:99.0%,保存条件:避光密封,2~8℃冷藏,有效期至2023.04.21。
1.1.2 P-2:白色粉末状固体,分子量:393,批号:20220422,纯度:99.0%,保存条件:避光密封,2~8℃冷藏,有效期至2023.04.21。
1.1.3 P-3:白色粉末状固体,分子量:343.1,批号:20220422,纯度:99.0%,保存条件:避光密封,2~8℃冷藏,有效期至2023.04.21。
1.1.4 P-4:白色粉末状固体,,分子量371,批号:20220422,纯度:99.0%,保存条件:避光密封,2~8℃冷藏,有效期至2023.04.21。
1.2工具药及主要试剂
1.2.1乙腈(色谱纯):德国默克,批号:JB107430,开封后有效期至:2023.02.27。
1.2.2甲醇(色谱纯):德国默克,批号:I1156207217,开封后有效期至:2023.06.14。
1.2.3甲酸(色谱纯):麦克林,批号:C12752526,开封后有效期至:2023.02.05。
1.2.4蒸馏水:广州屈臣氏食品饮料有限公司,批号:20210731,开封后有效期至:2022.07.23。
1.2.5 100μg/mL地西泮乙腈溶液,有效期至:2020.07.07(已过期,仍可使用)。
1.2.6乌来糖:源叶生物,批号:S16GS161476,开封后有效期至:2023.05.17。
1.2.8氢氧化钠:科密欧试剂,批号:20140105,开封后有效期至:2023.01.02。
1.2.8 0.9%氯化钠注射液:石家庄四药有限公司,批号:2102283202,开封后有效期至:2022.07.20。
1.3实验系统
1.3.1动物种系:新西兰兔。
1.3.2动物级别:普通级。
1.3.3动物性别和数量:购买雄性新西兰兔75只,从中选取72只用于本试验,剩余3只取空白组织样品。
1.3.4给药开始时动物年龄:方案要求3~5月龄,实际3~5月龄。
1.3.5给药开始时动物体重:方案要求购买时1.5~2.0kg,实际动物体重为1.523~1.803kg,本试验按只给药,故给药前未实际称量体重。
1.3.6动物发证单位:北京金牧羊实验动物养殖有限责任公司,许可证编号:SCXK(京)2020-0002,接收日期:2022年07月11日,合格证编号:No.110333220100075037。
1.3.7适应性饲养:新领到的动物适应性饲养3天。其间观察动物饮水、摄食和健康状况,以及是否存在疾病和死亡征兆。
1.3.8标识:耳部标号笔编号。
2试验方法
2.1试验设计依据
2.1.1采用标准:国家食品药品监督管理局颁布的药物非临床药代动力学研究技术指导原则。
2.2剂量与分组
2.2.1分组:72雄性新西兰兔,随机分为4组,每组18只。
2.2.2剂量:市售毛果芸香碱滴眼液浓度常见为1%,即37μmol/mL。同时考虑到新西兰兔单只眼睛最大给药体积为50μL(即100μL/只新西兰兔),设计本次试验为等摩尔剂量给药,3.7μmol/只新西兰兔:即P-1组给药剂量为1.00mg/只新西兰兔,P-2组为1.45mg/只新西兰兔,P-3组为1.27mg/只新西兰兔。P-4组为1.37mg/只新西兰兔。具体分组与给药剂量见表1。
表1给药剂量及分组
2.3给药方法
采用与临床用药一致的给药方式,即眼部给药,兔左右眼同时给药。
2.4供试品配制和保存
考虑到本次的化合物纯度均为99%,实际配制过程中,不进行纯度的转换。
1.00%的P-1滴眼液:称取36.1mg的毛果芸香碱(硝酸盐),加入3.61mL的0.9%氯化钠注射液,5档涡旋2min溶解后,加入16μL的1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至6.02,现配现用。
1.45%的P-2滴眼液:称取35.6mg的P-2,加入2.46mL的0.9%氯化钠注射液,5档涡旋2min后并超声5min,再5档涡旋2min溶解后,加入2μL的1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至6.28,现配现用。
1.27%的P-3滴眼液:称取38.1mg的P-3,加入3.00mL的0.9%氯化钠注射液,5档涡旋2min后并超声5min,再5档涡旋2min溶解后,加入3μL的1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至6.41,现配现用。
1.37%的P-4滴眼液:称取41.1mg的P-4,加入3.00mL的0.9%氯化钠注射液,5档涡旋2min后并超声5min,再5档涡旋2min溶解后,加入2μL的1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至6.11,现配现用。
2.5供试品的给予
兔左右眼同时给药,给药体积为100μL/只新西兰兔,每只眼睛50μL。采用移液枪精确给药:轻轻将兔眼睑拉低呈杯状,移液枪精确吸取滴眼液50μL滴入眼睑,兔眼被动闭合10秒。
2.6观测的指标、时间和内容
2.6.1样品的采集
选择给药后0.5、1、2、4、8、12h点进行房水、角膜、结膜、虹膜-睫状体的采集。每个时间点选择3只新西兰兔。
房水的采集:处死的动物,用1mL注射器从瞳孔与虹膜交界处进针抽取房水约200μL(注意抽取房水时注射器针的切面朝下,防止房水喷出)。
眼球的采集:用镊子眼球,沿周围剪开组织(注意不要剪除眼表的结膜),取出眼球,放入冰箱冷冻保存。
结膜的采集:沿眼球周围取下结膜,用生理盐水清洗后,再用滤纸吸干表面液体。
角膜、虹膜-睫状体的采集:用镊子固定眼球,剪破角膜与虹膜,沿两者交界处剪下角膜,然后再取出虹膜-睫状体。取下的角膜、虹膜-睫状体用生理盐水清洗后,再用滤纸吸干表面液体。
2.6.2组织样品的处理
角膜、结膜、虹膜-睫状体匀浆液制备:首先使用小剪子把左右眼角膜/虹膜-睫状体剪碎成小块,精密称量后加入50%甲醇水溶液(角膜、结膜质量体积比1:10,虹膜-睫状体质量体积比为1:20),使用研磨器研磨(程序为循环研磨4次,每个循环6500rpm研磨30s等待20s),使用低速离心机4000rpm离心10min,吸取上清液,冷冻保存待测。
2.7样品检测前预处理
房水样品:取50μL的房水,加入200μL内标工作液(1ng/mL的地西泮乙腈溶液),5档涡旋混合5min后,使用高速离心机12000rpm下离心10min,取上清液装入自动进样器小瓶待测。
角膜、结膜、虹膜-睫状体样品:取50μL的匀浆上清液,加入200μL内标工作液(1ng/mL的地西泮乙腈溶液),5档涡旋混合5min后,使用高速离心机12000rpm下离心10min,取上清液装入自动进样器小瓶待测。
2.8仪器系统
液质联用仪:AB SCIEX Exion LC/Triple Quad 5500液质联用仪,配有电喷雾离子化源(ESI源)(AB SCIEX公司)。
数据系统:Analyst 1.6.3(AB SCIEX公司),MultiQuantTM3.0.2(AB SCIEX公司)。
2.9新西兰兔房水、角膜匀浆液、结膜匀浆液、虹膜-睫状体匀浆液中毛果芸香碱LC/MS/MS分析方法的建立
2.9.1色谱条件
进样体积:2μL;进样器温度:15℃;柱温:40℃
流动相:A相为水(0.1%甲酸)B相为乙腈
洗针液:乙腈:水(1:1,v/v)
液相方法见表2。
表2 LC液相方法
2.9.2质谱条件
采用ESI离子源。在正离子检测方式下,选择MRM工作方式进行二级质谱分析。质谱检测工作参数见表3。
表3质谱检测工作条件
参数设置
注:Pilocarpine-1为毛果芸香碱定量离子对,DXP为内标地西泮的定量离子对。
2.10数据处理
以样品与内标的峰面积比进行计算。用加权(W=1/X2)最小二乘法进行回归计算,求得直线回归方程,将比值代入方程后计算毛果芸香碱的药物浓度。使用PhoenixWinNonlin 8.3.5.340软件进行药代动力学参数的计算。
3结果
3.1标准曲线
试验过程中各分析批标准曲线r>0.99;质控样本均满足准确度在±15%以内,分析批可以接受。
3.2新西兰兔房水、角膜、结膜、虹膜-睫状体中毛果芸香碱浓度检测结果
对72只新西兰兔的房水、角膜匀浆液、结膜匀浆液、虹膜-睫状体匀浆液进行了LC/MS/MS分析,测得样品中毛果芸香碱与内标峰面积之比,由标准曲线方程求得不同组织中毛果芸香碱的浓度。角膜、结膜中的受试物浓度为组织匀浆液中受试物浓度值的11倍,虹膜-睫状体的受试物浓度为组织匀浆液中受试物浓度值的21倍。测定结果见表4~7。
表4新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,房水中毛果芸香碱的药物浓度(ng/mL)
表5新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,角膜中毛果芸香碱的药物浓度(ng/g)
表6新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,结膜中毛果芸香碱的药物浓度(ng/g)
表7新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,虹膜-睫状体中毛果芸香碱的药物浓度(ng/g)
3.3活性代谢产物毛果芸香碱在新西兰兔体内的药代动力学参数计算结果
应用药代动力学软件Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3.5.340,计算新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3滴眼液后,活性代谢产物毛果芸香碱的主要药代动力学参数,具体结果见表8~11。
表8新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,房水中药代动力学参数
表9新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,角膜中药代动力学参数
表10新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,结膜中药代动力学参数
表11新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,虹膜-睫状体中药代动力学参数
4结论
新西兰兔分别眼结膜囊给予3.7μmol/只的P-1、P-2、P-3、P-4滴眼液后,虹膜-睫状体中毛果芸香碱均在1h附近迅速达峰,P-2、P-3、P-4组在靶向器官虹膜睫状体中的药物浓度显著高于其它组织,在0.5小时内没有出现过高的药物浓度,避免了P-1组的药物突释效应导致的副作用,药物逐渐释放,药物浓度显著平缓,并且在4小时后药物浓度高于P-1组,半衰期显著延长,更有利于眼组织疾病的治疗,如老花等疾病。
以上对本发明进行了详述。对于本领域技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的宗旨和范围,以及无需进行不必要的实验情况下,可在等同参数、浓度和条件下,在较宽范围内实施本发明。虽然本发明给出了特殊的实施例,应该理解为,可以对本发明作进一步的改进。总之,按本发明的原理,本申请欲包括任何变更、用途或对本发明的改进,包括脱离了本申请中已公开范围,而用本领域已知的常规技术进行的改变。按以下附带的权利要求的范围,可以进行一些基本特征的应用。
Claims (10)
1.式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
所述式I中,Rm为苯甲酸的单取代或多取代的R片段化合物,多取代时R为相同或不相同的取代基,取代基个数m=0-5;
所述式I中,R独立地选自为氢,卤素,(C1-C5)烷烃或含有取代基的(C1-C5)烷烃、(C3-C8)碳环基烷基、(C2-C8)烯基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8)炔基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)炔基、(C6-C20)芳基或含有取代基的(C6-C20)芳基、(C2-C20)杂环基或含有取代基的(C2-C20)杂环基,-ORa,-NRbRc,-SO2(ORd);
所述Ra,Rb,Rc,Rd独立地选自为氢,(C1-C5)烷烃或含有取代基的(C1-C5)烷烃、(C3-C8)碳环基烷基、(C2-C8)烯基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)烯基、(C2-C8)炔基或含有取代基的(C2-C8)炔基、(C6-C20)芳基或含有取代基的(C6-C20)芳基、(C2-C20)杂环基或含有取代基的(C2-C20)杂环基;
所述式I中,X-代表阴离子。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于:所述I式中,所述X-选自下述酸电离时产生的酸根阴离子:盐酸、甲磺酸、硫酸、富马酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸、硝酸、柠檬酸、磷酸、磷酸氢、HBr、HI、琥珀酸、醋酸、硫酸氢、乳酸、苯甲磺酸、肉桂酸、水杨酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、苹果酸。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗眼组织疾病的药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:所述眼组织疾病为老花、青光眼、虹膜与晶状体的黏连。
7.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防和/或治疗与缩瞳有关的疾病的药物中的应用或在制备以睫状体为靶向组织器官的眼组织疾病中的应用。
8.一种用于预防和/或治疗眼组织疾病的药物或药物组合物,包括权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物或药物组合物,其特征在于:所述眼组织疾病为与瞳孔缩放有关的疾病;或所述眼组织疾病为以睫状体为靶向组织器官的眼组织疾病。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的药物或药物组合物,其特征在于:所述药物或药物组合物的剂型为液体制剂;优选地,所述液体制剂为滴眼液或注射液。
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