CN115533128A - SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy - Google Patents
SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy Download PDFInfo
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- CN115533128A CN115533128A CN202211334734.4A CN202211334734A CN115533128A CN 115533128 A CN115533128 A CN 115533128A CN 202211334734 A CN202211334734 A CN 202211334734A CN 115533128 A CN115533128 A CN 115533128A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/70—Recycling
- B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/63—Rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The utility model provides a SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy, it relates to 3D and prints technical field. The invention aims to solve the problems of long time, high cost and material waste of hard alloy preparation in the existing powder metallurgy technology. The powder spreading and scanning device comprises a powder spreading and scanning device, a workbench (41), a hydraulic device and an operation control device, wherein the powder spreading and scanning device comprises a powder spreading mechanism and a laser scanning mechanism, the powder spreading mechanism is arranged above the workbench (41), the laser scanning mechanism is arranged above the powder spreading mechanism, a working cylinder, a powder supply cylinder and a recovery device (21) are arranged inside the workbench (41), the working cylinder is arranged in the middle of the workbench (41), the recovery device (21) is arranged on one side of the workbench (41), the powder supply cylinder is arranged on the other side of the workbench (41), the hydraulic device comprises an upper hydraulic cylinder and a lower hydraulic cylinder (50), the upper hydraulic cylinder is arranged right above the working cylinder, the lower hydraulic cylinder (50) is arranged right below the working cylinder, and the operation control device is arranged below the workbench (41). The method is used for preparing the hard alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to an SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy.
Background
The traditional manufacturing process method of the hard alloy cutter is carried out by equipment such as powder metallurgy, lathe, milling machine, grinding machine and the like, namely subtraction processing. The selective laser melting technology is a processing mode of adding metal powder, namely the selective laser melting technology is a method of melting mixed metal powder to manufacture hard alloy, and a flexible manufacturing method is added for processing the hard alloy cutter. The selective laser melting technology skips the design of the traditional powder metallurgy die, so that new products can be rapidly researched and developed, and experiments can be carried out. And the selective laser melting technology has the advantage of being unique in preparing parts with complex structures and small production batch. At present, the selective laser melting technology has a relatively sufficient research on materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like, but no related research results exist at present in the research of preparing a hard alloy cutter by the selective laser melting technology.
Cemented carbide is a material with high hardness emerging in recent years, but the hard phase thereof is composed of a refractory metal compound WC, and then is formed by a conventional powder metallurgy technique using cobalt metal as a binder. The hard alloy has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high temperature corrosion resistance and the like, and has good chemical stability, so that the hard alloy can be widely applied to the fields of cutters, machining, oil field drilling, mining and the like. Traditional cemented carbides are mainly prepared by powder metallurgy, cold pressing, hot pressing, isostatic pressing, etc. Because the traditional powder metallurgy technology needs to prepare a die and the like, the preparation of the hard alloy has the defects of long time, high cost, material waste and the like, and a new technology capable of solving the defects of the powder metallurgy is needed at present to overcome the defects of short preparation cycle time, low cost, low utilization rate and the like of the hard alloy. At present, many domestic scholars research the application of selective laser melting technology on hard alloy, aiming at solving the compactness, mechanical properties and the like, but do little research on other directions. Therefore, the hard alloy prepared in the technical field of selective laser melting has larger gaps.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the preparation of hard alloy is long in time, high in cost and material waste in the existing powder metallurgy technology, and further provides a SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy is including spreading powder scanning device, workstation 41, hydraulic means and operation controlling means, it is including spreading powder mechanism and laser scanning mechanism to spread powder scanning device, it sets up the top at workstation 41 to spread powder mechanism, laser scanning mechanism sets up the top at spreading powder mechanism, workstation 41 is inside to be provided with the working cylinder, supply powder jar and recovery unit 21, the working cylinder sets up the middle part at workstation 41, recovery unit 21 sets up the one side at workstation 41, supply the powder jar to set up the opposite side at workstation 41, hydraulic means includes hydraulic cylinder and lower hydraulic cylinder 50, it sets up directly over the working cylinder to go up the hydraulic cylinder, lower hydraulic cylinder 50 sets up directly under the working cylinder, operation controlling means sets up the below at workstation 41.
Further, the powder paving mechanism comprises a powder paving support plate 13, a stepping plate 22, a roller 38, a roller stepping motor 34, a roller upper belt pulley 33, a roller small belt pulley 24, a scraper 37, two ball screws 16, two ball screw sleeves 15, two groups of ball screw sliders 14 and two ball screw stepping motors 17, wherein the two ball screws 16 are arranged at the upper end of a workbench 41 in parallel, each ball screw 16 is arranged along the length direction of the workbench 41, one end of each ball screw 16 is connected with an output shaft of the ball screw stepping motor 17, each ball screw sleeve 15 is sleeved on one ball screw 16 and is in threaded connection with the ball screw 16, each group of ball screw sliders 14 are sleeved outside one ball screw sleeve 15, the roller 38 is rotatably connected to one side between the two groups of ball screw sliders 14, the roller upper belt pulley 33 is fixedly connected to the front end of the roller 38, the powder paving support plate 13 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two groups of ball screw sliders 14, the stepping plate 22 is vertically and fixedly connected to the lower end face of the roller small belt pulley 34, the roller upper belt pulley 34 is connected to the lower end face of the roller 24, and the small belt pulley 24 are fixedly connected to the roller 24.
Further, laser scanning mechanism includes laser head 8, laser backup pad 9, laser moving mechanism and two laser support post 12, and the solid coupling of laser head 8 is in one side of laser backup pad 9, and the opposite side of laser backup pad 9 is passed through laser moving mechanism and is connected with two laser support post 12, and two laser support post 12 are along the perpendicular rigid coupling of width direction on the up end of shop's powder backup pad 13.
Further, the laser moving mechanism includes horizontal lead screw 10, laser slider 11, guide rail supporting plate 43, horizontal step motor 63, vertical step motor 7, vertical lead screw 61, two horizontal guide rails 51 and two vertical guide rails 62, the upper portion of guide rail supporting plate 43 horizontal rigid coupling between two laser support columns 12, horizontal lead screw 10 sets up the one side at guide rail supporting plate 43 along the horizontal direction, horizontal lead screw 10's one end and horizontal step motor 63's output shaft, horizontal lead screw 10's upper and lower both sides all are equipped with horizontal guide rail 51, laser slider 11's rear side and horizontal guide rail 51 sliding connection, and rotate with horizontal lead screw 10 and be connected, vertical lead screw 61 sets up the opposite side at laser supporting plate 9 along the vertical direction, vertical lead screw 61's upper end and vertical step motor 7's output shaft, vertical lead screw 61's the left and right sides all is equipped with vertical guide rail 62, laser slider 11's front side and vertical guide rail 62 sliding connection, and vertical lead screw 61 rotates and is connected.
Further, backup pad 19 is connected to the upper end rigid coupling of workstation 41, and workstation 41 all around the rigid coupling have a side box 20, and the lower extreme of workstation 41 is provided with bottom suspension fagging 27, and the rigid coupling has collateral branch fagging 40 between last backup pad 19 and the bottom suspension fagging 27, and collateral branch fagging 40 sets up the front end at recovery unit 21, is provided with fan 26 on the side box 20 of workstation 41 opposite side, and the lower extreme equipartition rigid coupling of bottom suspension fagging 27 has four main tributary daggers 28.
Further, the powder supply cylinder comprises a powder supply inner cylinder 39, a powder supply cylinder support column 52, a bearing sleeve 44, a bearing sleeve support 45, a powder supply stepping motor 48, a small powder supply belt wheel 46, a belt wheel expanding wheel 47 and a large powder supply belt wheel 30, a cylinder opening of the powder supply inner cylinder 39 is arranged on the upper end face of the upper support plate 19, the powder supply cylinder support column 52 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the powder supply inner cylinder 39, the lower end of the powder supply cylinder support column 52 is in threaded connection with the upper end of the bearing sleeve support 45, the lower end of the bearing sleeve support 45 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the bearing sleeve 44, the bearing sleeve 44 is connected with the large powder supply belt wheel 30, the powder supply stepping motor 48 is arranged on the rear side of the powder supply inner cylinder 39, the powder supply stepping motor 48 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the lower support plate 27, the small powder supply belt wheel 46 is arranged on the upper end face of the lower support plate 27, an output shaft of the powder supply stepping motor 48 is connected with the small powder supply belt wheel 46, the outer side of the small powder supply belt wheel 46 and the belt wheel 47 are connected with the large powder supply belt wheel 30 through the belt wheel 47.
Further, the working cylinder comprises an inner sleeve cylinder 23, a working plate 25 and a bearing column 31, the working plate 25 is arranged on the inner side of the upper end of the inner sleeve cylinder 23, the outer side of the upper end of the inner sleeve cylinder 23 is embedded on the upper supporting plate 19, the upper end of the bearing column 31 is connected with the working plate 25, and the lower end of the bearing column 31 penetrates through the lower supporting plate 27 to be connected with the execution end of the lower hydraulic cylinder 50.
Further, the upper hydraulic cylinder comprises an upper hydraulic cylinder base 1, an upper hydraulic cylinder column 2, an upper hydraulic cylinder body 3, an upper hydraulic cylinder top 4, an upper hydraulic punch 5 and an upper hydraulic cylinder support 6, wherein the upper hydraulic cylinder support 6 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the workbench 41, the upper hydraulic cylinder base 1 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper hydraulic cylinder support 6, the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3 is vertically arranged, the upper end of the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3 is fixedly connected to the upper hydraulic cylinder base 1, the lower end of the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3 is fixedly connected to the upper hydraulic cylinder top 4, the upper hydraulic cylinder column 2 is vertically inserted into the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3, the lower end of the upper hydraulic cylinder column 2 penetrates through the upper hydraulic cylinder top 4, and the upper hydraulic punch 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the lower end of the upper hydraulic column 2.
Further, the inner cylinder 23 is disposed right above the lower hydraulic cylinder 50, a cylinder sleeve 56 is sleeved outside the inner cylinder 23, a cylinder washer 55 is sleeved on the upper end of the inner cylinder 23, the cylinder washer 55 is disposed at the lower end of the upper support plate 19, an upper support plate washer 54 is disposed between the upper support plate 19 and the inner cylinder 23, and a lower support plate washer 57 is disposed between the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 and the lower support plate 27.
Further, the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 comprises a piston head 53, a lower hydraulic cylinder top 58, a lower hydraulic cylinder body 59 and a lower hydraulic cylinder base 60, the piston head 53 is fixedly connected to the right below the working plate 25, the lower hydraulic cylinder top 58 is fixedly connected to the lower supporting plate 27, the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59 is vertically arranged, the upper end of the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59 is fixedly connected to the lower hydraulic cylinder top 58, the lower end of the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59 is fixedly connected to the lower hydraulic cylinder base 60, a lower hydraulic column is vertically inserted into the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59, the upper end of the lower hydraulic column penetrates through the lower hydraulic cylinder top 58, the upper end of the bearing column 31 penetrates through the inner sleeve cylinder 23 and then is fixedly connected to the lower end of the piston head 53, and the lower end of the bearing column 31 is fixedly connected to the end of the upper end of the lower hydraulic column.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy has the advantages of a pressed part processing mode of powder pressing and a 3D printing additive manufacturing mode, and production cost of single-piece small-batch complex parts is reduced.
2. The invention uses a new thinking, combines powder metallurgy with selective laser melting technology, and presses the powder before melting mixed metal powder, so that the compactness of the powder is better, and the processed metal has better performances in the aspects of hardness, density and other characteristics; meanwhile, the defects of powder metallurgy in the process flow and the production of small-batch complex parts are overcome.
3. According to the workbench, the working cylinder and the powder supply cylinder are designed to be an integral part, so that the distance between the working cylinder and the powder supply cylinder is shorter, the whole powder paving stroke is shortened, the powder supply efficiency is improved, the upper edge of a powder paving path is integrated, and the waste of metal powder is reduced. Meanwhile, the working cylinder and the powder supply cylinder are designed into a whole, so that the volume of the whole workbench is reduced, materials are saved, and the installation steps are simple and convenient.
4. The powder spreading and scanning device combines the powder spreading mechanism and the laser scanning mechanism, and the design changes the space structure of the whole device and saves a large amount of space. In addition, due to the repeatability of the movement, after the powder spreading movement, the scanning of the laser is carried out while returning to the initial position, so that the time required by the device to realize powder spreading, pressing and melting each time is reduced.
5. The powder spreading mechanism provided by the invention adopts the ball screw to move, has high movement precision, can ensure the precision in the powder spreading process, and simultaneously ensures the precision in the laser scanning process when returning to the initial position. The movement of the laser scanning mechanism also adopts the movement of a ball screw, and meanwhile, the linear guide rail is adopted, so that the left and right support precision of the laser scanning mechanism in the movement process can be ensured.
6. The recovery device is arranged at the last part of the motion trail of the powder laying scanning device, so that the redundant metal powder generated in each powder laying-pressing-melting process can be ensured to automatically fall into the recovery device, the utilization rate of metal dust is improved, and materials are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the working table 41 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the scanning device for spreading powder in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an upper hydraulic cylinder in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and the SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy according to the embodiment includes a powder spreading scanning device, a workbench 41, a hydraulic device, and an operation control device, where the powder spreading scanning device includes a powder spreading mechanism and a laser scanning mechanism, the powder spreading mechanism is disposed above the workbench 41, the laser scanning mechanism is disposed above the powder spreading mechanism, a working cylinder, a powder supply cylinder, and a recovery device 21 are disposed inside the workbench 41, the working cylinder is disposed in the middle of the workbench 41, the recovery device 21 is disposed on one side of the workbench 41, the powder supply cylinder is disposed on the other side of the workbench 41, the hydraulic device includes an upper hydraulic cylinder and a lower hydraulic cylinder 50, the upper hydraulic cylinder is disposed directly above the working cylinder, the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 is disposed directly below the working cylinder, and the operation control device is disposed below the workbench 41.
The working cylinder moves downwards to provide a pollination space, the powder supply cylinder moves upwards to supply powder, and the powder laying scanning device pushes the metal mixture in the powder supply cylinder to the left to the working cylinder and lay uniformly. When the powder spreading and scanning device passes through the working cylinder, the hydraulic device is started. And the upper hydraulic cylinder presses downwards, after the upper hydraulic cylinder reaches the top end of the mixed metal powder, the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 presses reversely to enable the mixed metal powder to reach a preset density, then the powder laying scanning device moves reversely to scan the working cylinder by laser, so that the mixed metal powder is melted and bonded together, then the powder laying scanning device reaches the right side of the powder supply cylinder, and the next cycle is waited for.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to fig. 7, the powder spreading mechanism of the present embodiment includes a powder spreading support plate 13, a step plate 22, a roller 38, a roller stepper motor 34, a roller upper pulley 33, a roller small pulley 24, a scraper 37, two ball screws 16, two ball screw sleeves 15, two sets of ball screw sliders 14 and two screw stepper motors 17, the two ball screws 16 are arranged in parallel at the upper end of a workbench 41, and each ball screw 16 is arranged along the length direction of the workbench 41, one end of each ball screw 16 is connected with an output shaft of the ball screw stepper motor 17, each ball screw sleeve 15 is sleeved on one ball screw 16 and is in threaded connection with the ball screw 16, each set of ball screw sliders 14 is sleeved on the outer side of one ball screw sleeve 15, the driving belt roller 38 is rotatably connected to one side between the two sets of ball screw sliders 14, the roller upper pulley 33 is fixedly connected to the front end of the roller 38, the powder spreading support plate 13 is fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two sets of the ball screw sliders 14, the step plate 22 is vertically downward fixed to the lower end surface of the powder spreading support plate 13, the roller upper pulley 33 is arranged on the roller, the front end of the roller 33, the roller is located on the inner side of the roller 24, the small pulley 24, the roller 24 is fixedly connected to the small pulley 34, the small pulley 34 is fixedly connected to the roller 24, the small pulley 34, the roller 24, the small pulley 34 is fixedly connected to the roller 24, the roller, the small pulley 34. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The small roller belt wheel 24 and the central axis of the upper roller belt wheel 33 are vertically arranged in a coplanar manner.
Two ball screws 16 are transversely installed on a bearing seat 18 and used for driving the whole powder paving scanning device to move left and right, and the precision of the ball screws 16 is extremely high, so that the moving precision is ensured.
The roller 38 is used for leveling and compacting the powder after the powder is laid at the corresponding position; the scraper 37 is used to push the powder towards the cylinder.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, the laser scanning mechanism of the present embodiment includes a laser head 8, a laser support plate 9, a laser moving mechanism and two laser support columns 12, the laser head 8 is fixedly connected to one side of the laser support plate 9, the other side of the laser support plate 9 is connected to the two laser support columns 12 through the laser moving mechanism, and the two laser support columns 12 are vertically and fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the powder spreading support plate 13 along the width direction. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, the laser moving mechanism in the present embodiment includes a horizontal lead screw 10, a laser slider 11, a guide rail supporting plate 43, a horizontal stepping motor 63, a longitudinal stepping motor 7, a vertical lead screw 61, two horizontal guide rails 51 and two vertical guide rails 62, the guide rail supporting plate 43 is horizontally and fixedly connected to the upper portion between the two laser supporting columns 12, the horizontal lead screw 10 is disposed on one side of the guide rail supporting plate 43 along the horizontal direction, one end of the horizontal lead screw 10 is connected to an output shaft of the horizontal stepping motor 63, the horizontal guide rails 51 are disposed on the upper and lower sides of the horizontal lead screw 10, the rear side of the laser slider 11 is slidably connected to the horizontal guide rails 51 and rotatably connected to the horizontal lead screw 10, the vertical lead screw 61 is disposed on the other side of the laser supporting plate 9 along the vertical direction, the upper end of the vertical lead screw 61 is connected to the output shaft of the longitudinal stepping motor 7, the vertical guide rails 62 are disposed on the left and right sides of the vertical lead screw 61, the front side of the laser slider 11 is slidably connected to the vertical guide rails 62 and rotatably connected to the vertical lead screw 61. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the third embodiment.
And small bearing seats 32 are arranged on two sides of the horizontal lead screw 10 and the vertical lead screw 61.
The fifth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, in which an upper end of a workbench 41 is fixedly connected with an upper supporting plate 19, a side box 20 is fixedly connected around the workbench 41, a lower supporting plate 27 is arranged at a lower end of the workbench 41, a side supporting plate 40 is fixedly connected between the upper supporting plate 19 and the lower supporting plate 27, the side supporting plate 40 is arranged at a front end of a recovery device 21, a fan 26 is arranged on the side box 20 at the other side of the workbench 41, and four main supporting columns 28 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower supporting plate 27. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The fan 26 is positioned on the right side box body 20 and used for driving airflow to form a heat dissipation effect; the lower support plate 27 is located below the table 41; the four support columns 28 are supported below the lower support plate 27 and support the whole 3D printer;
the transport and the laying of the metal powder are carried out on the upper supporting plate 19; the side box 20 surrounds the front, rear, left and right sides of the workbench, supports the workbench 41 and can take protection measures such as dust prevention.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the powder supply cylinder of the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and includes a powder supply inner cylinder 39, a powder supply cylinder support column 52, a bearing sleeve 44, a bearing sleeve support 45, a powder supply stepping motor 48, a powder supply small belt wheel 46, a belt wheel expanding wheel 47, and a powder supply large belt wheel 30, wherein a cylinder opening of the powder supply inner cylinder 39 is disposed on an upper end surface of the upper support plate 19, the powder supply cylinder support column 52 is fixedly connected to a lower end of the powder supply inner cylinder 39, a lower end of the powder supply cylinder support column 52 is in threaded connection with an upper end of the bearing sleeve support 45, a lower end of the bearing sleeve support 45 is fixedly connected to an inner side of the bearing sleeve 44, the bearing sleeve 44 is connected to the powder supply large belt wheel 30, the powder supply stepping motor 48 is disposed on a rear side of the powder supply inner cylinder 39, the powder supply stepping motor 48 is fixedly connected to a lower end surface of the lower support plate 27, the powder supply small belt wheel 46 is disposed on an upper end surface of the lower support plate 27, an output shaft of the powder supply stepping motor 48 is connected to the powder supply small belt wheel 46, and the powder supply small belt wheel 46 and the belt wheel 47 are connected to the powder supply belt wheel 30. The other components and the connection mode are the same as the fifth embodiment mode.
The powder supply cylinder is arranged at the right side of the workbench 41, and the powder supply action is realized by converting the torque brought by the powder supply stepping motor 48 into upward thrust; the powder supply inner cylinder 39 is arranged at the inner ring of the powder supply cylinder and used for storing metal powder;
the belt wheel expanding wheel 47 is arranged outside the straight line of the small powder supply belt wheel 46 and the large powder supply belt wheel 30, provides tension for the small powder supply belt wheel 46 and the large powder supply belt wheel 30, and improves the wrap angle of the large powder supply belt wheel 30; a pulley expansion wheel 47 is provided at the upper end of the lower support plate 27 via a pulley expansion rod 42.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and the cylinder of the present embodiment includes an inner cylinder 23, an operating plate 25, and a support post 31, the operating plate 25 is disposed inside the upper end of the inner cylinder 23, the outer side of the upper end of the inner cylinder 23 is fitted to the upper support plate 19, the upper end of the support post 31 is connected to the operating plate 25, and the lower end of the support post 31 is connected to the actuating end of the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 through the lower support plate 27. The other components and the connection mode are the same as the fifth embodiment mode.
The working cylinder is arranged in the middle of the working table 41, the powder pressing and the laser melting are completed in the working cylinder, the working plate 25 is positioned above the working cylinder, the working plate moves up and down through the force provided by the lower hydraulic cylinder 50, and the working plate is matched with the upper hydraulic cylinder to press metal dust to the required density so as to be used for laser ablation and melting of materials;
the upper end of the recovery device 21 is provided with a recovery hole 49, and the recovery hole 49 is arranged on the upper end surface of the upper support plate 19. Recovery unit 21 is on the left side of the working cylinder, and the utilization ratio of metal dust is improved to the abandonment metal dust that produces when retrieving the shop powder.
The operation control device comprises a function board 35, a signal receiving board 36 and a display board 29, wherein the function board 35 is in an inverted L shape, the upper part of the function board 35 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lower support plate 27, the signal receiving board 36 is arranged on the rear side of the lower part of the function board 35, and the display board 29 is arranged on the front side of the lower part of the function board 35.
The specific implementation mode eight: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, in which the upper hydraulic cylinder of the present embodiment includes an upper hydraulic cylinder base 1, an upper hydraulic column 2, an upper hydraulic cylinder body 3, an upper hydraulic cylinder top 4, an upper hydraulic ram 5, and an upper hydraulic cylinder support 6, the upper hydraulic cylinder support 6 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the table 41, the upper hydraulic cylinder base 1 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper hydraulic cylinder support 6, the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3 is vertically disposed, the upper end of the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3 is fixedly connected to the upper hydraulic cylinder base 1, the lower end of the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3 is fixedly connected to the upper hydraulic cylinder top 4, the upper hydraulic column 2 is vertically inserted into the upper hydraulic cylinder body 3, the lower end of the upper hydraulic column 2 passes through the upper hydraulic cylinder top 4, and the upper hydraulic ram 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the lower end of the upper hydraulic column 2. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 7, in which the inner cylinder 23 is disposed directly above the lower hydraulic cylinder 50, a cylinder sleeve 56 is fitted over the outer side of the inner cylinder 23, a cylinder washer 55 is fitted over the upper end of the inner cylinder 23, the cylinder washer 55 is disposed at the lower end of the upper support plate 19, an upper support plate washer 54 is disposed between the upper support plate 19 and the inner cylinder 23, and a lower support plate washer 57 is disposed between the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 and the lower support plate 27. The other components and the connection mode are the same as those of the seventh embodiment mode.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: referring to fig. 1 to 7, the lower hydraulic cylinder 50 of the present embodiment includes a piston head 53, a lower hydraulic cylinder top 58, a lower hydraulic cylinder body 59, and a lower hydraulic cylinder base 60, the piston head 53 is fixed under the working plate 25, the lower hydraulic cylinder top 58 is fixed on the lower support plate 27, the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59 is vertically disposed, an upper end of the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59 is fixed to the lower hydraulic cylinder top 58, a lower end of the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59 is fixed to the lower hydraulic cylinder base 60, a lower hydraulic column is vertically inserted into the lower hydraulic cylinder body 59, an upper end of the lower hydraulic column penetrates through the lower hydraulic cylinder top 58, an upper end of the support column 31 penetrates through the inner sleeve cylinder 23 and is fixed to a lower end of the piston head 53, and a lower end of the support column 31 is fixed to an end of the upper end of the lower hydraulic column. The other components and the connection mode are the same as those of the ninth embodiment.
The upper hydraulic cylinder is arranged right above the working cylinder; the lower hydraulic cylinder 51 is positioned right below the working cylinder; the upper cylinder is relatively simple in construction and only needs to have its hydraulic column 2 reach a sufficient distance to provide support for the lower cylinder 51. The lower hydraulic cylinder is provided with a set of precise hydraulic system, so that the lower hydraulic cylinder can reach higher precision in the descending process, and the thickness of each layer required by powder paving is ensured. The lower hydraulic cylinder is directly supported on the ground, so that the downward pressure generated by the lower hydraulic cylinder can be released to the ground in time, and the load of the whole mechanism is lightened.
Working process
A preparation method of an SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy comprises the following steps:
step one, the powder supply cylinder pushes metal powder to the surface of the workbench 41, and the powder paving mechanism moves towards the direction of the workbench under the pushing of the lead screw stepping motor 17, so that the metal powder is pushed and paved on the working plate 25, and the concrete process is as follows:
the powder supply stepping motor 48 drives the powder supply small belt wheel 46 to rotate, and the powder supply small belt wheel 46 transmits torque to the powder supply large belt wheel 30 through belt transmission. The bearing sleeve 44 and the bearing sleeve support 45 are connected through a pin to transmit torque, and the bearing sleeve support 45 and the powder supply cylinder support column 52 convert the torque into vertical up-down thrust through threaded transmission. The powder feeding inner cylinder 39 is lifted upwards under the pushing of the powder feeding cylinder support column 52, and the metal powder in the powder feeding inner cylinder 39 is pushed to the surface of the workbench 41. Then the lead screw stepping motor 17 drives the ball screw 16 to rotate, the ball screw slide block 14 converts the torque of the ball screw 16 into leftward forward thrust, and the whole powder paving mechanism is driven to move forward. Meanwhile, the roller stepping motor 34 is started to enable the roller small belt wheel 24 to rotate, torque is transmitted to the roller upper belt wheel 33 through transmission of a transmission belt, and the roller 38 rotates along with the roller upper belt wheel 33 and the roller 38 due to the fact that the roller upper belt wheel 33 is in interference connection with the roller 38 and the two ends of the roller 38 are carried by the deep groove ball bearings. During the process of advancing the powder laying scanning device, the working plate 25 in the working cylinder moves downwards for a certain distance to form a pit area under the driving of the lower hydraulic cylinder 51, the scraper 37 pushes the metal powder protruding from the surface of the working table 41 to the working plate 25, and then the roller 38 flattens and compacts the metal powder. When the powder-laying scanning device moves to the leftmost end, the excess metal powder is pushed into the recovery device 21.
In step two, the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders 50 will work simultaneously to press the metal powder to the corresponding density.
And step three, when the hydraulic device returns to the original position, the powder supply stepping motor 48 rotates reversely, the powder laying scanning device moves rightwards, when the powder laying scanning device moves above the working cylinder, the laser head 8 of the laser scanning mechanism operates, the transverse stepping motor 63 and the longitudinal stepping motor 7 are started to drive the horizontal lead screw 10 and the vertical lead screw 61 to rotate, the laser head 8 is driven to move forwards and backwards under the action of the laser sliding block 11, and the ablation and melting work of the workpiece is completed. And the powder laying scanning device continues to move until the powder laying scanning device returns to the rightmost side to stop moving, and waits for the next command.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy which characterized in that: the powder spreading scanning device comprises a powder spreading mechanism and a laser scanning mechanism, the powder spreading mechanism is arranged above a workbench (41), the laser scanning mechanism is arranged above the powder spreading mechanism, a working cylinder, a powder supply cylinder and a recovery device (21) are arranged inside the workbench (41), the working cylinder is arranged in the middle of the workbench (41), the recovery device (21) is arranged on one side of the workbench (41), the powder supply cylinder is arranged on the other side of the workbench (41), the hydraulic device comprises an upper hydraulic cylinder and a lower hydraulic cylinder (50), the upper hydraulic cylinder is arranged right above the working cylinder, the lower hydraulic cylinder (50) is arranged right below the working cylinder, and the operation control device is arranged below the workbench (41).
2. The SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the powder paving mechanism comprises a powder paving support plate (13), a stepping plate (22), a roller (38), a roller stepping motor (34), a roller upper belt wheel (33), a roller small belt wheel (24), a scraper plate (37), two ball screws (16), two ball screw sleeves (15), two groups of ball screw sliders (14) and two screw stepping motors (17), wherein the two ball screws (16) are parallelly arranged at the upper end of a workbench (41), each ball screw (16) is respectively arranged along the length direction of the workbench (41), one end of each ball screw (16) is connected with an output shaft of the ball screw stepping motor (17), each ball screw sleeve (15) is respectively sleeved on one ball screw (16) and is in threaded connection with the ball screw (16), each group of ball screw sliders (14) is respectively sleeved on the outer side of one ball screw sleeve (15), the roller (38) is rotatably connected to one side between the two groups of ball screw sliders (14), the roller upper belt wheel (33) is arranged at the front end of the roller (38), the two groups of ball screw sliders (13) are fixedly connected to the outer side of the ball screw sleeve (14), the roller upper end face of the stepping motor (22) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the roller, the stepping motor (22), and the stepping motor (17) is arranged at the upper end face of the roller vertical roller supporting plate (33), the scraper (37) is fixedly connected to the other side between the two groups of ball screw sliders (14), the roller stepping motor (34) is fixedly connected to the front end face of the lower end of the stepping plate (22), an output shaft of the roller stepping motor (34) is connected with the small roller belt wheel (24), the small roller belt wheel (24) is arranged on the rear end face of the lower end of the stepping plate (22), and the small roller belt wheel (24) is connected with the upper roller belt wheel (33) through a transmission belt.
3. 3D printer of SLM metal based on powder metallurgy according to claim 2 characterized in that: laser scanning mechanism includes laser head (8), laser backup pad (9), laser moving mechanism and two laser support post (12), and laser head (8) rigid coupling is in one side of laser backup pad (9), and the opposite side of laser backup pad (9) passes through laser moving mechanism to be connected with two laser support post (12), and two laser support post (12) are along the perpendicular rigid coupling of width direction on the up end of shop's powder backup pad (13).
4. The SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy according to claim 3, characterized in that: the laser moving mechanism comprises a horizontal lead screw (10), a laser slider (11), a guide rail supporting plate (43), a transverse stepping motor (63), a longitudinal stepping motor (7), a vertical lead screw (61), two horizontal guide rails (51) and two vertical guide rails (62), the upper portion of the guide rail supporting plate (43) horizontally and fixedly connected between the two laser supporting columns (12), the horizontal lead screw (10) is arranged on one side of the guide rail supporting plate (43) along the horizontal direction, one end of the horizontal lead screw (10) is connected with an output shaft of the transverse stepping motor (63), the upper side and the lower side of the horizontal lead screw (10) are respectively provided with the horizontal guide rails (51), the rear side of the laser slider (11) is connected with the horizontal guide rails (51) in a sliding mode, the vertical lead screw (61) is arranged on the other side of the laser supporting plate (9) along the vertical direction, the upper end of the vertical lead screw (61) is connected with an output shaft of the longitudinal stepping motor (7), the left side and the right side of the vertical lead screw (61) are respectively provided with the vertical guide rails (62), the front side of the laser slider (11) is connected with the vertical guide rails (62) in a sliding mode, and the vertical lead screw (61) is connected with the vertical lead screw (61).
5. The SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end rigid coupling of workstation (41) has last backup pad (19), equal rigid coupling all around of workstation (41) has side box (20), the lower extreme of workstation (41) is provided with bottom suspension fagging (27), it has collateral branch fagging (40) to go up the rigid coupling between backup pad (19) and bottom suspension fagging (27), collateral branch fagging (40) set up the front end at recovery unit (21), be provided with fan (26) on side box (20) of workstation (41) opposite side, the lower extreme equipartition rigid coupling of bottom suspension fagging (27) has four main tributary daggers (28).
6. The SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy according to claim 5, characterized in that: the powder supply cylinder comprises a powder supply inner cylinder (39), a powder supply cylinder support column (52), a bearing sleeve (44), a bearing sleeve support (45), a powder supply stepping motor (48), a powder supply small belt wheel (46), a belt wheel expanding wheel (47), a powder supply large belt wheel (30), a cylinder opening of the powder supply inner cylinder (39) is arranged on the upper end face of the upper support plate (19), the powder supply cylinder support column (52) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the powder supply inner cylinder (39), the lower end of the powder supply cylinder support column (52) is in threaded connection with the upper end of the bearing sleeve support (45), the lower end of the bearing sleeve support (45) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the bearing sleeve (44), the bearing sleeve (44) is connected with the powder supply large belt wheel (30), the powder supply stepping motor (48) is arranged on the rear side of the powder supply inner cylinder (39), the powder supply stepping motor (48) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the lower support plate (27), the powder supply small belt wheel (46) is arranged on the upper end face of the lower support plate (27), the powder supply stepping motor (48) is connected with the belt wheel (47), and the powder supply belt wheel expanding wheel (47) and the small belt wheel (30) is arranged between the output shaft of the powder supply stepping motor (46).
7. The SLM metal 3D printer according to claim 5, characterized in that: the working cylinder comprises an inner sleeve cylinder (23), a working plate (25) and a bearing column (31), the working plate (25) is arranged on the inner side of the upper end of the inner sleeve cylinder (23), the outer side of the upper end of the inner sleeve cylinder (23) is embedded on an upper supporting plate (19), the upper end of the bearing column (31) is connected with the working plate (25), and the lower end of the bearing column (31) penetrates through a lower supporting plate (27) to be connected with an execution end of a lower hydraulic cylinder (50).
8. The powder metallurgy-based SLM metal 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper hydraulic cylinder comprises an upper hydraulic cylinder base (1), an upper hydraulic column (2), an upper hydraulic cylinder body (3), an upper hydraulic cylinder top (4), an upper hydraulic punch (5) and an upper hydraulic cylinder support (6), wherein the upper hydraulic cylinder support (6) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the workbench (41), the upper hydraulic cylinder base (1) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper hydraulic cylinder support (6), the upper hydraulic cylinder body (3) is vertically arranged, the upper end of the upper hydraulic cylinder body (3) is fixedly connected with the upper hydraulic cylinder base (1), the lower end of the upper hydraulic cylinder body (3) is fixedly connected with the upper hydraulic cylinder top (4), the upper hydraulic column (2) is vertically inserted into the upper hydraulic cylinder body (3), the lower end of the upper hydraulic column (2) penetrates through the upper hydraulic cylinder top (4), and the upper hydraulic punch (5) is fixedly connected to the end of the lower end of the upper hydraulic column (2).
9. The SLM metal 3D printer according to claim 7, characterized in that: the hydraulic support is characterized in that the inner sleeve cylinder (23) is arranged right above the lower hydraulic cylinder (50), a working cylinder sleeve (56) is sleeved on the outer side of the inner sleeve cylinder (23), a working cylinder gasket (55) is sleeved on the upper end of the inner sleeve cylinder (23), the working cylinder gasket (55) is arranged at the lower end of the upper support plate (19), an upper support plate gasket (54) is arranged between the upper support plate (19) and the inner sleeve cylinder (23), and a lower support plate gasket (57) is arranged between the lower hydraulic cylinder (50) and the lower support plate (27).
10. The SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy according to claim 9, characterized in that: the lower hydraulic cylinder (50) comprises a piston head (53), a lower hydraulic cylinder top (58), a lower hydraulic cylinder body (59) and a lower hydraulic cylinder base (60), the piston head (53) is fixedly connected under the working plate (25), the lower hydraulic cylinder top (58) is fixedly connected to the lower supporting plate (27), the lower hydraulic cylinder body (59) is vertically arranged, the upper end of the lower hydraulic cylinder body (59) is fixedly connected with the lower hydraulic cylinder top (58), the lower end of the lower hydraulic cylinder body (59) is fixedly connected with the lower hydraulic cylinder base (60), a lower hydraulic column is vertically inserted into the lower hydraulic cylinder body (59), the upper end of the lower hydraulic column penetrates through the lower hydraulic cylinder top (58), the upper end of the bearing column (31) penetrates through the inner sleeve cylinder (23) and then is fixedly connected with the lower end of the piston head (53), and the lower end of the bearing column (31) is fixedly connected to the end of the upper end of the lower hydraulic column.
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| CN202211334734.4A CN115533128A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy |
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| CN202211334734.4A CN115533128A (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2022-10-28 | SLM metal 3D printer based on powder metallurgy |
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| CN110523987A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of laser sintered synchronous compacting increasing material manufacturing system for dense material preparation |
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| JP2007021520A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-02-01 | Sumitomo Denko Shoketsu Gokin Kk | Powder molding device for deformed helical gear and powder molding method |
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