CN104028757A - Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional object - Google Patents
Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional object Download PDFInfo
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- CN104028757A CN104028757A CN201410298470.0A CN201410298470A CN104028757A CN 104028757 A CN104028757 A CN 104028757A CN 201410298470 A CN201410298470 A CN 201410298470A CN 104028757 A CN104028757 A CN 104028757A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object. Powder materials are concreted at the corresponding position of each cross section of the object layer by layer under the laser action. The device comprises a forming cylinder and a pressurizing system, the forming cylinder is used for holding the concreted three-dimensional object and capable of providing an operation plane for powder concretion, and the pressurizing system is used for compressing the powder materials laid on the surface. By the aid of the device, a powder laying layer is compacter, clearances among powder particles can be reduced, and accordingly size contraction of the three-dimensional object during concretion can be reduced, compactness of the three-dimensional object is improved, and the three-dimensional object higher in quality can be obtained finally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus and method for the manufacture of three-dimensional body.
Background technology
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus and method for the manufacture of three-dimensional body, more specifically, be a kind of by laser action by dusty material successively, optionally fixed stack form the apparatus and method of three-dimensional body.
The common step of this method is: by a powder conveying system and a paving powder system, powder paving is delivered to one for carrying cylinder body (formation cylinder) plane of three-dimensional body, laser carries out fixed accordingly according to three-dimensional body in the corresponding positional information in each cross section, one layer cross section is fixed complete after, cylinder body decline certain altitude, carry out the fixed of a new round, after some layers are fixed, finally obtain three-dimensional body and so forth.
In existing such device, the mode of movement of powder can be from up to down, as packed powder into funnel, funnel below seals with cylinder, wherein a side seals completely, and opposite side reserves certain interval for powder delivery and controls powder outlet quantity, and powder is under the effect of gravity and roll friction power, along certain orientation, tumble, paving powder system is delivered to working face by the powder paving tumbling and is formed powder bed.
The mode that powder is carried also can as cylinder body (for the powder cylinder) certain distance that back and forth moves upward that powder is housed by, upwards be carried a certain amount of powder from bottom to top, and paving powder system is delivered to working face by the powder paving of conveying and formed powder bed.
Above two kinds of powder mode of movements are to complete under without pressure or micro-pressure, so on powder bed, powder is still loose depos-its state, and its density is solid density 70% left and right of (that the pattern of powder is is spherical, particle diameter distributes is tending towards normal distribution).Powder bed density has following impact to consolidation process: powder bed density is less, and between powder particle and particle, gap is larger, and in consolidation process, the shrinkage factor of three-dimensional body is larger, and compactness is poorer, finally affects dimensional accuracy and the mechanical performance of its three-dimensional body.Meanwhile, powder bed density is larger, and its effective thermal conductivity is also just higher, is more conducive to obtain high-quality three-dimensional body product.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of apparatus and method for the manufacture of three-dimensional body are provided, improve for building the bulk density for the treatment of consolidated powder of three-dimensional body.By dusty material in a compression system compressed powder bed, reduce its intergranular space, make powder accumulation consolidation more, thereby the dimensional contraction that reduces to occur in consolidation process improves its compactness, obtain higher-quality three-dimensional product.
This object can realize by a kind of like this device, its device is cemented in the corresponding position of each cross section of object by laser action layer by layer by dusty material, this device comprises that one for carrying the shaping cylinder body of fixed three-dimensional body, and this cylinder body can provide the working face of powder consolidation.This device also comprises a compression system, for compressing the dusty material of completing surperficial, reduces the space between its powder particle and particle.
By the device of manufacture three-dimensional body of the present invention, its compression system comprises a fixation kit and the assembly of exerting pressure.Wherein fixation kit comprises fixed head and driving mechanism, and fixed head position in pressure process is fixed, and with powder generation squeezing action; Driving mechanism drives fixed head motion.The assembly of exerting pressure comprises one group of driving mechanism, and driving mechanism driving formation cylinder acts on dusty material and compresses.After compression process completes, the assembly return-to-home position of exerting pressure, completes the compression to powder certain displacement amount.
By the device of manufacture three-dimensional body of the present invention, compression system can also be an air control unit, by controlling the pressure of air control unit, realizes powder is compressed with constant pressure.
By the device of manufacture three-dimensional body of the present invention, its compression system also has a locking mechanism, and self-locked when fixed head moves to assigned address guarantees not to be subjected to displacement in pressure process deflection.
In addition, object of the present invention also realizes by the method for the manufacture of three-dimensional body, and described method comprises: a) dusty material of manufacturing three-dimensional body is layered on to base plate or on fixed layer; B) by laser action, dusty material is cemented in to three-dimensional body on the corresponding position of this cross section; By a compression system to be layered on base plate or the dusty material on bonding course in a certain amount of compression, improve powder accumulation density, and then carry out b) step.
The invention has the advantages that, by treating fixed dusty material, compress, reduce its particle gap, improve bulk density, and then reduce the dimensional contraction of three-dimensional product in consolidation process, improve its density, finally obtain higher-quality three-dimensional product.
Another advantage of the present invention is, decrement or the pressure size of each compression process are all controlled, and this is conducive to obtain the better three-dimensional product of precision.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to a kind of laser sintering device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of fixation kit structure chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of assembly assumption diagram of exerting pressure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another kind of compression system structure chart of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is for the manufacture of the method flow diagram of three-dimensional body.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Fig. 1 is according to a kind of laser sintering device of the present invention.This laser sintering device has one for carrying three-dimensional body and the formation cylinder 6 that powder working face is provided.When laser sintered process starts, for powder cylinder 1 certain distance that vertically moves upward, overflow a certain amount of dusty material, power spreading device 2 evenly spreads out the dusty material overflowing on the working surface of formation cylinder 6 to the right.Fixed head 7 can be in powder upper strata and the contactless movement of powder bed, after paving powder process completes, and self-locking when fixed head 7 moves to directly over formation cylinder 6 by driving mechanism.Leading screw 5 is arranged on installing plate 9, and formation cylinder 6 vertically moves upward under the effect of leading screw 5, until be layered on the powder on formation cylinder 6 surfaces and the fixed head 7 of locking contacts, and the segment distance that continues to move upward, to the powders compression of completing.Complete after compression the reverse mobile same displacement reposition of formation cylinder 6, fixed head 7 releases reposition.Galvanometer 4 control laser beam that laser instruments 3 send the powder that completes compression motion is carried out selectively fixed, this process that circulates until three-dimensional body 8 complete.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are the imbodies of embodiment 1, and fixation kit is provided with fixed head 7, and fixed head both sides are provided with slide block 11, and in pressure process, slide block 11 guiding fixed heads 7 slide along guide rod 12, and this motion process drives belt 13 band movable sliders 11 to realize by motor 15.The both sides of guide rod 12 are provided with position sensor 10 and sensor 14, when fixed head 7 moves to assigned address, can stop self-locking.The assembly of exerting pressure is provided with a pair of leading screw 5 and is fixed on formation cylinder 6, movable end is fixed on installing plate 9, installing plate 9 is for being fixed on the machine, motor 15 drives the belt wheel 18 being connected, by belt 19 band movable belt pulleys 20, rotate, belt wheel 20 drives the feed screw nut being connected to rotate, and leading screw 5 is converted into formation cylinder 6 motion in the vertical direction by rotation.By fixed head 7 and the routing motion of formation cylinder 6, realize the compression to the dusty material of completing.
The powders compression displacement that can realize every one deck powder by this kind of embodiment is consistent.
Embodiment 2:
This embodiment is roughly similar to embodiment 1 apparatus structure, and difference is only that compression system is a pneumatic pressurizing system.When laser sintered process starts, for powder cylinder 1 certain distance that vertically moves upward, overflow a certain amount of dusty material, power spreading device 2 evenly spreads out the dusty material overflowing on the working surface of formation cylinder 6 to the right.Fixed head 7 can be in powder upper strata and the contactless movement of powder bed, after paving powder process completes, and self-locking when fixed head 7 moves to directly over formation cylinder 6 by driving mechanism.
Compression system is an air control unit, comprise fixed head 7 and add coping 25, as shown in Figure 4, comprise a cylinder 21, two guide rods 22, on cylinder, comprise air inlet 23, one gas outlets 24, an overflow valve is equipped with in gas outlet, cylinder one end A with add coping 25 and be connected, bottom other end B is connected with fixed head 7, two guide rod 22 bottom C are connected with fixed head 7.
During pressurization, pass into gas form certain air pressure to cylinder air inlet 23, air pressure promotes guide rod 22 and fixed head 7 moves downward, realize the compression of fixed head 7 and formation cylinder 6 surface powders, when pressure is greater than a certain setting value, air pressure overflow valve is opened pressure release, remains constant to powder pressure.
Complete after compression, fixed head 7 releases, leave powder bed surface, galvanometer 4 control laser beam that laser instruments 3 send the powder that completes compression motion is carried out selectively fixed, this process that circulates until three-dimensional body 8 complete.
The pressure that can realize every one deck powder by this kind of embodiment is consistent.
Embodiment 3:
Fig. 5 be the present invention for the manufacture of the method flow diagram of three-dimensional body, as shown in Figure 5, for the manufacture of the method for three-dimensional body, comprise the following steps:
Step 51: by the dusty material uniform spreading of manufacturing three-dimensional body at base plate or on fixed layer;
Step 52: by compression system to be layered on base plate or the dusty material on bonding course compress, can carry out to the powder bed of completing the compression of certain displacement, also can carry out to powder bed the compression of certain pressure;
Step 53: by laser action, the dusty material having compressed is cemented in to three-dimensional body on the corresponding position of this cross section, returns after this step executes and continue execution step 51, until finally complete the fixed of whole three-dimensional body.
Claims (6)
1. the device for the manufacture of three-dimensional body, it is cemented in the corresponding position of each cross section of object by laser action layer by layer by dusty material, this device comprises: one for carrying the shaping cylinder body of fixed three-dimensional body, this cylinder body can provide the working face of powder consolidation, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises a compression system, for compressing the dusty material of completing on formation cylinder surface.
2. install according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, compression system comprises that one for bearing fixation kit and the assembly of exerting pressure for compressing powder material of pressure, fixation kit comprises a fixed head and driving mechanism, driving mechanism drives fixed head to move along certain track, the assembly of exerting pressure comprises installing plate, leading screw and motor, installing plate provides a supporting role, leading screw one end is fixed on installing plate, the other end is fixed on formation cylinder, motor drives leading screw guiding formation cylinder to move to its surface powder material and fixed head contact squeeze, realizes the compression to dusty material.
3. install according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, compression system comprises fixed head, adds coping, guide rod, cylinder and driving mechanism, and guide rod is connected with fixed head through adding coping, cylinder one end with add coping and be connected, the other end is connected with fixed head, air pressure promotes guide rod and fixed head moves downward, and realizes the compression of fixed head and formation cylinder surface powder, when pressure is greater than a certain setting value, Exhaust Gas pressure release in cylinder, remains constant to powder pressure.
4. according to device described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, compression system also comprises a locking device, when fixed head moves to directly over surface, and fixed head locking.
5. for the manufacture of a method for three-dimensional body, comprise the steps:
A) dusty material of manufacturing three-dimensional body is layered on to base plate or on fixed layer;
B) by laser action, dusty material three-dimensional body is fixed on the corresponding position of this cross section;
Repeating step a) and b), until three-dimensional body completes;
It is characterized in that, completing steps a) time, compresses the dusty material of having completed by a compression system, then implementation step b).
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described method is realized by the arbitrary described equipment of claim 1-4.
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| CN201410298470.0A CN104028757A (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2014-06-30 | Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional object |
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| CN201410298470.0A CN104028757A (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2014-06-30 | Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional object |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105522147A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-04-27 | 陈莉雅 | Method and device for manufacturing three-dimensional object |
| CN105562688A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-11 | 西门子公司 | Manufacture of a component through selective laser melting |
| CN110523987A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of laser sintered synchronous compacting increasing material manufacturing system for dense material preparation |
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| CN105562688A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-11 | 西门子公司 | Manufacture of a component through selective laser melting |
| CN105562688B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2020-03-17 | 西门子公司 | Production of components by selective laser melting |
| US10603748B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2020-03-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Production of a component by selective laser melting |
| CN110523987A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of laser sintered synchronous compacting increasing material manufacturing system for dense material preparation |
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Address after: 410205 Hunan province Changsha national hi tech Industrial Development Zone No. 181 Yulu Lin Applicant after: Hunan Farsoon High-tech Co., Ltd. Address before: Hunan University Science Park Venture Building 186 No. 410205 Hunan city high tech Development Zone Changsha Valley Yuan Lu 301-316 room Applicant before: Hunan Farsoon High-tech Co., Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20140910 |