CN115533126A - Metal laser 3D printing preheating device and method - Google Patents
Metal laser 3D printing preheating device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115533126A CN115533126A CN202211157114.8A CN202211157114A CN115533126A CN 115533126 A CN115533126 A CN 115533126A CN 202211157114 A CN202211157114 A CN 202211157114A CN 115533126 A CN115533126 A CN 115533126A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims 25
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a metal laser 3D printing preheating device and a metal laser 3D printing melting forming device. The laser generating device is arranged on two side walls which are vertical to the movement direction of the powder spreading scraper in the laser melting forming cavity through the optical fiber laser arrangement base; in the device, the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base and the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity form a right triangle, an optical fiber head for emitting laser beams is positioned on the inclined side of the right triangle, and the generated laser beams are vertical to the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base. The invention uses the laser divergence angle to obtain the divergent light beam to preheat the powder bed, and is more efficient and controllable compared with the prior preheating technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a metal powder laser melting additive manufacturing technology, and particularly relates to a metal laser 3D printing preheating device and method.
Background
The 3D printing technology (referred to as incremental manufacturing technology in the art) is generated in the united states of the last 80 th century, the development of CAD (computer aided design), CNC (digital control), automatic control, laser and other technologies is the leading cause of the generation, and the development of decades has become a manufacturing technology integrating light/machine/electricity, computer, numerical control and new materials in the world advanced manufacturing field. In the field, the technical gap between China and developed countries in the world is small, and the China and the developed countries in the world are almost positioned on the same starting line. So called additive manufacturing, this technique is known colloquially as the "3D printing" technique, by virtue of its "natural growth" into a three-dimensional entity by the layer-by-layer build-up of discrete materials such as powders, liquids, flakes, etc., unlike the traditional manufacturing process of "removal" of material such as cutting. The technology changes the integral forming of the three-dimensional entity into the superposition forming of a plurality of two-dimensional planes, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing complexity. Theoretically, the technology can be applied to quickly change a design prototype into a real object without a cutter, a die and complex process conditions by using a structural model which can be designed on a computer. At present, the technology plays an important role in the fields of national defense, aerospace, automobiles, biomedicine, molds, casting, agriculture, household appliances, industrial art, animation and the like.
In the 3D printing technology industry, a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is at a high end, and is a Laser direct forming technology for metal parts with great development potential in the future. The temperature control of the base material and the powder in the working cavity of the SLM forming system is an important technical link, relates to the quality of printed parts, and therefore has an important function.
When laser printing is carried out, metal powder on a metal powder bed needs to be preheated, and a plurality of prior preheating realization technologies are provided, including the content recorded in Chinese patent 'a powder rapid preheating method and device for selective laser melting equipment' (CN 108188398A) and the related technology disclosed in invention patent 'a double-control melting forming device and forming method for electron beams and laser beams' (CN 114570949A).
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem of metal powder heating forming in the existing laser cladding and laser 3D printing technologies, the invention provides a metal laser 3D printing preheating method and a metal laser 3D printing preheating device.
The technical scheme is as follows: a metal laser 3D printing melting forming device comprises a laser generating device and a laser melting forming cavity, wherein a powder bed is arranged in the laser melting forming cavity, and the laser generating device is arranged on two side walls, perpendicular to the movement direction of a powder spreading scraper, in the laser melting forming cavity through an optical fiber laser arrangement base; the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base and the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity form a right triangle, an optical fiber head for emitting laser beams is positioned on the inclined side of the right triangle, and the generated laser beams are perpendicular to the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base.
Preferably, the bottom edge of the optical fiber laser arrangement base is movably connected with the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity to form an included angle, and the included angle is provided with an adjusting mechanism.
Further, the width of the fiber laser arrangement base is equal to the powder forming area in the laser melting forming cavity.
Furthermore, the optical fiber heads are uniformly arranged on the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base in a dot matrix manner.
Furthermore, the optical fiber laser arrangement base is made of ceramic materials.
Further, the fiber laser arrangement base is arranged in a right triangle or arranged on a substrate; when the base plate is arranged, the base plate is a right-angled triangle inclined surface and forms a right-angled triangle together with the side wall of the laser melting cavity.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a laser adjusting device for adjusting the laser power, and the laser adjusting device comprises a laser focusing lens arranged on the inclined surface of the optical fiber laser arrangement base.
A metal laser 3D printing preheating method comprises a laser generating device and a laser melting forming cavity, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging an optical fiber laser arrangement base in a laser melting forming cavity, and symmetrically arranging two side walls of the laser melting forming cavity, which are vertical to the movement direction of a powder spreading scraper, one on each side wall; and then adjusting an included angle between the fiber laser arrangement base and the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity, so that the fiber laser arrangement base emits laser oppositely and irradiates half area of the forming symmetrical region on the powder bed respectively.
Preferably, the preheating temperature is controlled by adjusting the laser generating power and the spot size of the laser in the forming area.
A calculation method for controlling the coverage area of laser in a forming area based on the size of a laser melting forming cavity comprises the following steps of calculating the size of an optical fiber laser arrangement base, setting the length AB of an inclined surface of the optical fiber laser arrangement base and the length L of a laser melting forming cavity, wherein the included angle between the optical fiber laser arrangement base and the inner wall of the laser melting forming cavity is alpha, and the following relational expressions exist:
2H＝Lsinαcosα
and determining the minimum value of the fiber laser arrangement base AB through the calculation expression, and controlling the laser emitted from the fiber laser arrangement bases at two sides to completely cover the forming area.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the mode of heating by the bottom resistance wire, the laser heating mode has the remarkable effects that:
(1) The heating positioning is accurate.
(2) The heat loss in the heating process is small.
(3) There is no bottom heat accumulation process and the heating is rapid.
(4) The deformation of the mechanical structure caused by the bottom heating accumulation process can not be caused.
(5) The preheating temperature can reach a higher degree than the bottom heating.
(6) The heating is uniform, and the stress accumulation caused by temperature gradient is reduced.
(7) The heating point can be accurately positioned.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural arrangement and laser irradiation of the apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber head arrangement on a fiber laser arrangement base according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the distribution of laser spots on a forming plane controlled by the preheating method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the position relationship of the fiber laser arrangement base in the forming cavity in the calculation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical scheme provided by the invention in detail, the following detailed description is combined with the accompanying drawings of the specification.
With reference to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention is implemented based on a metal laser 3D printing and melting forming device, which includes a laser generating device and a laser melting forming cavity, which are mentioned in the background art for the laser melting forming cavity and the related device technology, and it should be known by those skilled in the art and will not be described herein again. In the invention, a powder bed is arranged in the laser melting forming cavity, and the laser generating device is arranged on two side walls which are vertical to the movement direction of the powder spreading scraper in the laser melting forming cavity through an optical fiber laser arrangement base; the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base and the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity form a right triangle, an optical fiber head for emitting laser beams is positioned on the inclined side of the right triangle, and the generated laser beams are perpendicular to the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base.
In the actual production process, the optical fiber laser arrangement base can be set to be a right-angled triangle block, namely, the cross section of the base is a right-angled triangle, and an optical fiber head for generating laser is arranged on the inclined surface of the right-angled triangle. The other way is that the fiber laser arrangement base is only a base plate, is a right-angled triangle inclined plane, and forms a right-angled triangle with the inner wall of the laser melting cavity. The fiber laser arrangement base is generally made of ceramic or the like.
Further, the optical fiber laser arrangement base is in the form of a substrate, one surface of the substrate is provided with an optical fiber head, and the other surface is also conveniently provided with a laser regulator for controlling the generation power of laser and related auxiliary circuits, including the generation time and the like. The base plate and the inner wall of the laser melting cavity are movably connected at the connecting part of the bottom of the laser melting cavity, such as loose leaves and hinge ways. The method comprises the step of automatically controlling the size of the included angle, so that the laser forming coverage area can be better adjusted. The length of one acute angle (included angle alpha) and the right-angle side is used as parameters for controlling the shape and the size of the right-angle triangular block. The right-angle triangular blocks are symmetrically arranged on two side walls of a laser melting forming cavity, which are vertical to the movement direction of the powder spreading scraper, the optical fiber heads arranged on the bevel edge plane are vertical to the bevel edge plane, emitted laser is opposite, and the two side walls irradiate half areas of the forming symmetrical areas respectively.
The invention uses laser divergence angle to obtain divergent light beam to preheat the powder bed.
The case of the emitted laser light reaching the shaped planar area can be seen in connection with fig. 3-4. Fig. 3 shows the general shape and overlap of the laser beam spot on the shaping plane. The light spot formed when the fiber laser of each row reaches the forming plane is elliptical, the longer the optical path, the larger the elliptical area, and the result of the comprehensive effect of the divergence angle and the optical path. The powder surface at the forming position can be completely covered by reasonably matching the number and the spacing of the optical fibers.
Further note that the positional relationship of the heated triangular blocks within the forming chamber is:
AB＝H/cosα (1)
AB/(L/2)＝sinα (2)
thus, the combinations (1) and (2)
The following can be obtained: 2H = Lsin alpha cos alpha
Where L is the length of the forming cavity and the triangular blocks are as wide as the forming area. According to the relation, triangles are arranged on two sides of the relation, so that the forming area can be completely covered, the minimum size of the fiber laser arrangement base is calculated according to the relation, the size of the included angle is adjusted and controlled according to the minimum size, and the covering area of the laser beam in the forming area is controlled.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a metal laser 3D prints melting forming device, includes laser generating device and laser melting forming chamber, its characterized in that: the laser melting forming cavity is internally provided with a powder bed, and the laser generating device is arranged on two side walls which are vertical to the movement direction of the powder spreading scraper in the laser melting forming cavity through an optical fiber laser arrangement base; the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base and the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity form a right triangle, an optical fiber head for emitting laser beams is positioned on the inclined side of the right triangle, and the generated laser beams are perpendicular to the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base.
2. The metal laser 3D printing, melting and forming device of claim 1, wherein: the bottom edge of the optical fiber laser arrangement base is movably connected with the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity to form an included angle, and the included angle is provided with an adjusting mechanism.
3. The metal laser 3D printing, melting and forming device of claim 1, wherein: the width of the fiber laser arrangement base is equal to the powder forming area in the laser melting forming cavity.
4. The metal laser 3D printing, melting and forming device of claim 1, wherein: and the optical fiber heads are uniformly arranged on the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base in a dot matrix manner.
5. The metal laser 3D printing, melting and forming device of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber laser arrangement base is made of ceramic materials.
6. The metal laser 3D printing, melting and forming device of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber laser arrangement base is arranged in a right triangle or a substrate; when the base plate is arranged, the base plate is a right-angled triangle inclined surface and forms a right-angled triangle together with the side wall of the laser melting cavity.
7. The metal laser 3D printing, melting and forming device of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a laser adjusting device for adjusting the laser power, and the laser adjusting device comprises a laser focusing lens arranged on the inclined plane of the optical fiber laser arrangement base.
8. The metal laser 3D printing preheating method comprises a laser generating device and a laser melting forming cavity, and is characterized in that: firstly, arranging an optical fiber laser arrangement base in a laser melting forming cavity, and symmetrically arranging two side walls of the laser melting forming cavity, which are vertical to the movement direction of a powder spreading scraper, one on each side wall; and then adjusting an included angle between the fiber laser arrangement base and the side wall of the laser melting forming cavity, so that the fiber laser arrangement base emits laser oppositely and irradiates half area of the forming symmetrical region on the powder bed respectively.
9. The metal laser 3D printing preheating method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the preheating temperature is controlled by adjusting the laser generating power and the spot size of the laser in the forming area.
10. A calculation method for controlling the coverage area of laser in a forming area based on the size of a laser melting forming cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of calculating the size of the optical fiber laser arrangement base, setting the length AB of the inclined surface of the optical fiber laser arrangement base, the length L of a laser melting forming cavity, and setting the included angle between the optical fiber laser arrangement base and the inner wall of the laser melting forming cavity as alpha, wherein the following relational expression exists:
2H＝Lsinαcosα
and determining the minimum value of the fiber laser arrangement base AB through the calculation expression, and controlling the laser emitted from the fiber laser arrangement bases at two sides to completely cover the forming area.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211157114.8A CN115533126A (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Metal laser 3D printing preheating device and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211157114.8A CN115533126A (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2022-09-22 | Metal laser 3D printing preheating device and method |
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| CN115533126A true CN115533126A (en) | 2022-12-30 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106111985A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | 吴小平 | Group scan laser selective sintering or curing and 3D forming machine thereof |
| EP3202514A1 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-09 | General Electric Company | Control of solidification in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using a diode laser fiber array |
| CN107635749A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2018-01-26 | Ipg光子公司 | Multiple beam increasing material manufacturing |
| US20200189143A1 (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2020-06-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method to additively manufacture a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite |
| CN113977087A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 华南理工大学 | Same-breadth multi-type laser material-increasing and-decreasing composite forming device and method |
| CN114535618A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-05-27 | 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional printing system |
| CN218873735U (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-04-18 | 南京弘煊科技有限公司 | Metal laser 3D prints melting forming device |
-
2022
- 2022-09-22 CN CN202211157114.8A patent/CN115533126A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106111985A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | 吴小平 | Group scan laser selective sintering or curing and 3D forming machine thereof |
| CN107635749A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2018-01-26 | Ipg光子公司 | Multiple beam increasing material manufacturing |
| EP3202514A1 (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-09 | General Electric Company | Control of solidification in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using a diode laser fiber array |
| US20200189143A1 (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2020-06-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method to additively manufacture a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite |
| CN113977087A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 华南理工大学 | Same-breadth multi-type laser material-increasing and-decreasing composite forming device and method |
| CN114535618A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-05-27 | 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional printing system |
| CN218873735U (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-04-18 | 南京弘煊科技有限公司 | Metal laser 3D prints melting forming device |
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