CN115523778B - Cylindrical loop heat pipe - Google Patents
Cylindrical loop heat pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN115523778B CN115523778B CN202110608673.5A CN202110608673A CN115523778B CN 115523778 B CN115523778 B CN 115523778B CN 202110608673 A CN202110608673 A CN 202110608673A CN 115523778 B CN115523778 B CN 115523778B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种圆柱形环路热管,包括蒸发器、冷凝器和管路,液体在蒸发器中吸热蒸发,然后蒸汽通过蒸汽管线进入冷凝器中冷凝放热,放热后的液体通过液体管线进入到蒸发器中进行蒸发,从而形成一个循环。其特征在于,所述蒸发器包括圆形截面的外壳和位于外壳中心的液体管线,液体管线外面包覆有副毛细芯,副毛细芯和蒸发器外壳之间设置毛细芯,所述毛细芯与外壳的连接处设置蒸汽槽道。本发明的环路热管蒸发器包括圆形截面的外壳,从而适用圆形的散热环境,而且为减少运行过程中气泡对热管稳定性的影响以及增加毛细芯的抽吸性能,在热管的液体管道内增加副毛细芯以达到预期效果。
The invention provides a cylindrical loop heat pipe, which includes an evaporator, a condenser and a pipeline. The liquid absorbs heat and evaporates in the evaporator, and then the steam enters the condenser through the steam pipeline to condense and release heat. The heat-released liquid passes through The liquid line enters the evaporator to evaporate, forming a cycle. It is characterized in that the evaporator includes a shell with a circular cross-section and a liquid pipeline located in the center of the shell. The liquid pipeline is covered with a deputy capillary wick, and a capillary wick is arranged between the deputy capillary core and the evaporator shell. The capillary core is connected to the evaporator shell. A steam channel is provided at the connection point of the shell. The loop heat pipe evaporator of the present invention includes a shell with a circular cross-section, so that it is suitable for a circular heat dissipation environment. In addition, in order to reduce the impact of bubbles on the stability of the heat pipe during operation and increase the suction performance of the capillary wick, the liquid pipe of the heat pipe is Add a secondary capillary core inside to achieve the desired effect.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种热管技术,尤其涉及一种环路热管,属于F28d15/02的热管领域。The present invention relates to a heat pipe technology, in particular to a loop heat pipe, which belongs to the field of F28d15/02 heat pipes.
背景技术Background technique
热管技术是1963年美国洛斯阿拉莫斯(Los Alamos)国家实验室的乔治格罗佛(George Grover)发明的一种称为“热管”的传热元件,它充分利用了热传导原理与相变介质的快速热传递性质,透过热管将发热物体的热量迅速传递到热源外,其导热能力超过任何已知金属的导热能力。Heat pipe technology is a heat transfer element called a "heat pipe" invented by George Grover of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States in 1963. It makes full use of the principle of heat conduction and phase change media. The rapid heat transfer property of the heat pipe can quickly transfer the heat of the heating object to the outside of the heat source. Its thermal conductivity exceeds that of any known metal.
热管技术以前被广泛应用在宇航、军工等行业,自从被引入散热器制造行业,使得人们改变了传统散热器的设计思路,摆脱了单纯依靠高风量电机来获得更好散热效果的单一散热模式,采用热管技术使得散热器获得满意的换热效果,开辟了散热行业新天地。目前热管广泛的应用于各种换热设备,其中包括核电领域,例如核电的余热利用等。Heat pipe technology has been widely used in aerospace, military and other industries before. Since it was introduced into the radiator manufacturing industry, people have changed the design ideas of traditional radiators and got rid of the single cooling mode that simply relies on high air volume motors to obtain better heat dissipation effects. The use of heat pipe technology enables the radiator to achieve satisfactory heat exchange effects, opening up a new world in the heat dissipation industry. At present, heat pipes are widely used in various heat exchange equipment, including the field of nuclear power, such as waste heat utilization of nuclear power.
环路热管是指一种回路闭合环型热管。一般由蒸发器、冷凝器、储液器以及蒸汽和液体管线构成。其工作原理为:对蒸发器施加热载荷,工质在蒸发器毛细芯外表面蒸发,产生的蒸汽从蒸汽槽道流出进入蒸汽管线,继而进入冷凝器冷凝成液体并过冷,回流液体经液体管线进入储液室对蒸发器毛细芯进行补给,如此循环,而工质的循环由蒸发器毛细芯所产生的毛细压力驱动,无需外加动力。由于冷凝段和蒸发段分开,环路式热管广泛应用于能量的综合应用以及余热的回收。Loop heat pipe refers to a closed loop heat pipe. It generally consists of an evaporator, condenser, liquid reservoir, and steam and liquid pipelines. Its working principle is: applying a thermal load to the evaporator, the working medium evaporates on the outer surface of the evaporator capillary core, and the generated steam flows out from the steam channel into the steam pipeline, and then enters the condenser to be condensed into liquid and supercooled, and the reflux liquid passes through the liquid. The pipeline enters the liquid storage chamber to replenish the evaporator capillary core, and so on, and the circulation of the working fluid is driven by the capillary pressure generated by the evaporator capillary core without external power. Since the condensation section and the evaporation section are separated, the loop heat pipe is widely used in the comprehensive application of energy and the recovery of waste heat.
为了解决传统热管传热受长距离和冷热源方位限制的问题,国家科学院的Maidanik等人于1971年在传统热管理论的基础上提出了环路热管的概念,并于1972年设计加工出第一套环路热管。随后的十几年,环路热管在国内得到不断发展。1985年,Maidanik等人在美国为这种热管申请了专利。这个依靠毛细力驱动工质循环的自动传热装置曾先后被称为“Heat pipe”、“Heat pipe with separate channels”和“Antigravitational heatpipe”,直到1989年,环路热管首次被应用于航天器热控系统中,它才被国际上广泛关注,并最终被命名为“Loop heat pipe”,在国内业界称之为“环路热管”。90年代以后,环路热管因其优点受到了各国相关学者和空间飞行器热控设计工作者的广泛关注,许多国家都投入大量资金进行研究,各种结构形式、采用不同工质的环路热管不断在有关的学术会议上亮相。对环路热管的研究主要包括实验研究和分析、数学建模以及应用研究三个方面。In order to solve the problem that the heat transfer of traditional heat pipes is limited by the long distance and the orientation of the cold and heat sources, Maidanik et al. of the National Academy of Sciences proposed the concept of loop heat pipes based on traditional heat management theory in 1971, and designed and processed the first loop heat pipe in 1972. A set of loop heat pipes. In the following ten years, loop heat pipes have continued to develop in China. In 1985, Maidanik et al. applied for a patent for this heat pipe in the United States. This automatic heat transfer device that relies on capillary force to drive working fluid circulation has been called "Heat pipe", "Heat pipe with separate channels" and "Antigravitational heatpipe". It was not until 1989 that the loop heat pipe was first used in spacecraft heating. In the control system, it attracted widespread international attention and was eventually named "Loop heat pipe", which is called "loop heat pipe" in the domestic industry. After the 1990s, loop heat pipes have attracted widespread attention from relevant scholars and space vehicle thermal control design workers from various countries due to their advantages. Many countries have invested a lot of money in research. Loop heat pipes with various structural forms and using different working fluids have continued to be developed. Presented at relevant academic conferences. Research on loop heat pipes mainly includes three aspects: experimental research and analysis, mathematical modeling and application research.
LHP系统的热导很大程度上取决于冷凝器与热沉之间的换热性能。早期对LHP的研究大多针对空间应用背景,冷凝器主要以辐射的形式向空间热沉释放热量,因而普遍采用将冷凝器管线嵌入冷凝器板的结构形式,地面实验中亦可采用简单的套管式冷凝器,使用恒温槽模拟热沉,泵驱动冷媒介质(如水、乙醇等)在套管内循环流动对冷凝器进行冷却。The thermal conductivity of the LHP system depends largely on the heat exchange performance between the condenser and the heat sink. Most of the early research on LHP was in the context of space applications. The condenser mainly releases heat to the space heat sink in the form of radiation. Therefore, the structure of embedding the condenser pipeline into the condenser plate is commonly used. Simple casings can also be used in ground experiments. Type condenser, a constant temperature bath is used to simulate a heat sink, and a pump drives the refrigerant medium (such as water, ethanol, etc.) to circulate in the casing to cool the condenser.
蒸发器是LHP的核心部件,它具有从热源吸收热量以及提供工质循环动力两项重要功能。经过数十年的改进和发展,目前较为普遍的结构形式,蒸发器本体主要包括蒸发器壳体、毛细芯和液体引管。毛细芯外侧的轴向槽道称为蒸汽槽道(Vapor groove),毛细芯内侧为液体管线(Liquid core或Evaporator core)。The evaporator is the core component of LHP. It has two important functions: absorbing heat from the heat source and providing working fluid circulation power. After decades of improvement and development, the currently more common structural form is that the evaporator body mainly includes an evaporator shell, a capillary wick and a liquid guide tube. The axial groove outside the capillary core is called the vapor groove (Vapor groove), and the inside of the capillary core is the liquid pipeline (Liquid core or Evaporator core).
毛细芯是蒸发器的核心元件,它提供工质循环动力、提供液体蒸发界面以及实现液体供给,同时阻隔毛细芯外侧产生的蒸汽进入储液器。毛细芯一般是将微米量级的金属粉末通过压制、烧结等工艺成型,形成微米量级的孔径。The capillary wick is the core component of the evaporator. It provides working fluid circulation power, provides a liquid evaporation interface, and realizes liquid supply. At the same time, it blocks the steam generated outside the capillary wick from entering the liquid reservoir. Capillary cores are generally formed by molding micron-sized metal powder through processes such as pressing and sintering to form micron-sized pores.
在申请人进行的的毛细芯测试中,分别采用NaCl、g-C3N4以及g-C3N4和NaCl混合作为造孔剂,其中g-C3N4和NaCl的抽吸性能介于NaCl、g-C3N4单独作为造孔剂之间,考虑到机加工的问题,但是采用g-C3N4比例不合适会导致毛细芯加工易出现断裂,因此选择g- C3N4和NaCl混合制备毛细芯,并通过大量的实验来确定合适的混合比例,解决毛细芯断裂的问题,本发明同时提供了一种环路热管的制备方法。In the capillary core test conducted by the applicant, NaCl, gC 3 N 4 and a mixture of gC 3 N 4 and NaCl were used as pore-forming agents. The suction performance of gC 3 N 4 and NaCl was between that of NaCl and gC 3 N 4 is used as a pore-forming agent alone, taking into account the machining problem, but the inappropriate ratio of gC 3 N 4 will cause the capillary core to break easily during processing, so g-C 3 N 4 and NaCl were selected to mix the capillary core, and Through a large number of experiments, the appropriate mixing ratio is determined to solve the problem of capillary core breakage. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a loop heat pipe.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在提供一种低成本且毛细芯不容易断裂的环路热管,提高对热源散热的推广与商业化应用。The present invention aims to provide a low-cost loop heat pipe with a capillary core that is not easily broken, so as to improve the promotion and commercial application of heat dissipation from heat sources.
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
一种圆柱形环路热管,包括蒸发器、冷凝器和管路,液体在蒸发器中吸热蒸发,然后蒸汽通过蒸汽管线进入冷凝器中冷凝放热,放热后的液体通过液体管线进入到蒸发器中进行蒸发,从而形成一个循环,其特征在于,所述蒸发器包括圆形截面的外壳和位于外壳中心的液体管线,液体管线外面包覆有副毛细芯,副毛细芯和蒸发器外壳之间设置毛细芯,所述毛细芯与外壳的连接处设置蒸汽槽道。A cylindrical loop heat pipe includes an evaporator, a condenser and a pipeline. The liquid absorbs heat and evaporates in the evaporator, and then the steam enters the condenser through the steam pipeline to condense and release heat. The heat-released liquid enters the liquid pipeline through the liquid pipeline. Evaporation is carried out in the evaporator to form a cycle, which is characterized in that the evaporator includes a shell with a circular cross-section and a liquid pipeline located in the center of the shell. The liquid pipeline is covered with a deputy capillary wick, the deputy capillary core and the evaporator shell. A capillary core is provided between them, and a steam channel is provided at the connection between the capillary core and the shell.
作为优选,所述冷凝器是管壳式换热器,所述冷源走壳程,所述蒸汽走管程,所述换热器包括设置在壳体上的冷源入口和冷源出口,所述蒸汽管线采用蛇形布置方式。Preferably, the condenser is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, with the cold source traveling on the shell side and the steam traveling on the tube side. The heat exchanger includes a cold source inlet and a cold source outlet provided on the shell, The steam pipeline adopts a serpentine arrangement.
作为优选,液体管线连接储液器,所述储液器连接蒸发器。Preferably, the liquid pipeline is connected to a liquid reservoir, and the liquid reservoir is connected to the evaporator.
作为优选,所述毛细芯是环状结构,在外壁上设置多个蒸汽槽道,所述蒸汽槽道沿着毛细芯长度方向延伸。Preferably, the capillary core is an annular structure, and a plurality of steam channels are provided on the outer wall, and the steam channels extend along the length direction of the capillary core.
作为优选,毛细芯的轴线与蒸汽槽道的轴线平行。Preferably, the axis of the capillary core is parallel to the axis of the steam channel.
与现有技术相比较,本发明具有如下的优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1)本发明的环路热管蒸发器包括圆形截面的外壳,从而适用圆形的散热环境,而且为减少运行过程中气泡对热管稳定性的影响以及增加毛细芯的抽吸性能,在热管的液体管道内增加副毛细芯以达到预期效果。1) The loop heat pipe evaporator of the present invention includes a shell with a circular cross-section, so that it is suitable for a circular heat dissipation environment, and in order to reduce the impact of bubbles on the stability of the heat pipe during operation and increase the suction performance of the capillary wick, the heat pipe is A secondary capillary wick is added to the liquid pipeline to achieve the desired effect.
2)毛细芯性能方面:本发明采用的新型造孔剂g-C3N4在毛细芯烧结过程中会挥发掉 (500℃)形成片状孔隙,相比于以NaCl为造孔剂相比,该造孔剂形成的孔隙率、渗透率较大,且孔径的尺寸较大,大孔可以减少工质流动时的阻力,增大蒸发面积,便于蒸汽的溢出,提高热管的极限功率。该毛细芯与相同尺寸的镍基毛细芯相比可减重30%左右,这对于航天散热来说是有利的。2) In terms of capillary core performance: the new pore-forming agent gC 3 N 4 used in the present invention will evaporate (500°C) during the capillary core sintering process to form flaky pores. Compared with using NaCl as the pore-forming agent, this The porosity and permeability formed by the pore-forming agent are larger, and the pore size is larger. The large pores can reduce the resistance when the working fluid flows, increase the evaporation area, facilitate the overflow of steam, and increase the ultimate power of the heat pipe. This capillary core can reduce weight by about 30% compared with nickel-based capillary cores of the same size, which is beneficial for aerospace heat dissipation.
3)本发明提供了一种新的毛细芯制备方法,通过各个步骤以及工艺优化,提高了生产效率。3) The present invention provides a new capillary core preparation method, which improves production efficiency through various steps and process optimization.
4)装配方面:蒸发器外壳与毛细芯采用过盈配合的方式,过盈度为0.4mm;蒸发器外壳与铝鞍座同样采用过盈配合的方式。该配合方式可减少接触热阻的影响,同时可减少蒸发器向储液室的漏热,提高热管的极限。4) Assembly: The evaporator shell and the capillary core adopt an interference fit, and the interference degree is 0.4mm; the evaporator shell and the aluminum saddle also adopt an interference fit. This combination method can reduce the impact of contact thermal resistance, reduce heat leakage from the evaporator to the liquid storage chamber, and increase the limit of the heat pipe.
5)蒸发器副毛细芯:采用500目的金属丝网填充到液体管线与液体流道的间隙之间,作为副毛细芯,可辅助热管的抽吸,增大回流液体的循环流量。同时,副毛细芯可以过滤掉回流液体中不凝性气体,减少对毛细芯性能的扰动,减少轴向漏热量。5) Evaporator deputy capillary wick: A 500-mesh metal mesh is used to fill the gap between the liquid pipeline and the liquid flow channel. As a deputy capillary wick, it can assist the suction of the heat pipe and increase the circulation flow of the return liquid. At the same time, the secondary capillary core can filter out non-condensable gases in the return liquid, reducing disturbance to the performance of the capillary core and reducing axial heat leakage.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明的烧结毛细芯的真空热压烧结炉;Figure 1 is a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace for sintering capillary cores of the present invention;
图2是本发明烧结毛细芯烧结温度图;Figure 2 is a sintering temperature diagram of the sintered capillary core of the present invention;
图3是本发明毛细芯结构示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the capillary core structure of the present invention;
图4-1至4-3是本发明毛细芯剖面及径向截面图;Figures 4-1 to 4-3 are cross-sectional and radial cross-sectional views of the capillary core of the present invention;
图5是本发明蒸发器外壳结构示意图;Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the evaporator shell of the present invention;
图6是本发明铝鞍座外壳模型;Figure 6 is an aluminum saddle shell model of the present invention;
图7是本发明冷凝器装配图;Figure 7 is an assembly diagram of the condenser of the present invention;
图8是清洗流程图;Figure 8 is a cleaning flow chart;
图9蒸发器外壳焊接示意图;Figure 9 Schematic diagram of evaporator shell welding;
图10毛细芯焊接流程图。Figure 10 Capillary core welding flow chart.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明公开了一种环路热管,包括蒸发器、冷凝器和管路,液体在蒸发器中吸热蒸发,然后蒸汽通过蒸汽管线进入冷凝器中冷凝放热,放热后的液体通过液体管线进入到蒸发器中进行蒸发,从而形成一个循环。The invention discloses a loop heat pipe, which includes an evaporator, a condenser and a pipeline. The liquid absorbs heat and evaporates in the evaporator, and then the steam enters the condenser through the steam pipeline to condense and release heat. The heat-released liquid passes through the liquid pipeline. Enters the evaporator for evaporation, thus forming a cycle.
作为优选,液体管线连接储液器,所述储液器连接蒸发器。Preferably, the liquid pipeline is connected to a liquid reservoir, and the liquid reservoir is connected to the evaporator.
所述蒸发器结构如4-3所示。所述蒸发器包括圆形截面的外壳和位于外壳中心的液体管线,液体管线外面包覆有副毛细芯,副毛细芯和蒸发器外壳之间设置毛细芯,所述毛细芯与外壳的连接处设置蒸汽槽道。The evaporator structure is shown in 4-3. The evaporator includes a shell with a circular cross-section and a liquid pipeline located in the center of the shell. The liquid pipeline is covered with a deputy capillary wick. A capillary wick is provided between the deputy capillary core and the evaporator shell. The connection between the capillary core and the shell Set up steam channels.
环路热管在静置时,毛细芯处于浸润态,液氨主要存在于蒸发器、储液器及液体管线之间。当对蒸发器加热时,液体受热开始核态沸腾,此现象主要发生在浸润在毛细芯外表面的液膜上,产生的微量气体通过蒸汽槽道进入到蒸汽腔,最后通过蒸汽管线进入冷凝器进行冷却,冷却的液态工质通过液体管线进入储液室参与下一次循环。副毛细芯在抽吸方面辅助主毛细芯,副毛细芯的有效孔径大于主毛细芯,在抽吸过程中阻力较小,抽吸的工质沿径向补充到毛细芯参与循环;当循环液体返回到储液室进入毛细芯,处于储液室中的副毛细芯对回流液体中的气泡进行阻挡及破坏,减少其对热管运行稳定性的影响。当热负荷继续增大时,气体数量增多,毛细芯表面的液膜逐渐蒸干,在蒸发器外壳与毛细芯之间形成一层气膜,包裹在毛细芯外表面,此时热管热阻较小,内部气压较大,气体循环速度较快,启动时间较小,称为热管的最佳运行状态。当热负荷继续增大时,气液界面侵入到毛细芯内部,气体处于过热态,即烧干现象,同时从蒸发器向储液室的漏热现象严重,蒸发器换热能力下降,可认为该功率为极限功率。When the loop heat pipe is left standing, the capillary core is in a wetted state, and liquid ammonia mainly exists between the evaporator, liquid reservoir and liquid pipeline. When the evaporator is heated, the liquid is heated and begins to nucleate boil. This phenomenon mainly occurs on the liquid film infiltrated on the outer surface of the capillary core. The trace gas generated enters the steam chamber through the steam channel, and finally enters the condenser through the steam pipeline. Cooling is carried out, and the cooled liquid working fluid enters the liquid storage chamber through the liquid pipeline to participate in the next cycle. The secondary capillary core assists the main capillary core in suction. The effective aperture of the secondary capillary core is larger than that of the main capillary core, and the resistance is smaller during the suction process. The suctioned working medium is replenished to the capillary core along the radial direction to participate in the circulation; when the circulating liquid Returning to the liquid storage chamber and entering the capillary wick, the auxiliary capillary wick in the liquid storage chamber blocks and destroys bubbles in the return liquid, reducing its impact on the operational stability of the heat pipe. When the heat load continues to increase, the amount of gas increases, and the liquid film on the surface of the capillary core gradually evaporates, forming a layer of gas film between the evaporator shell and the capillary core, wrapping the outer surface of the capillary core. At this time, the thermal resistance of the heat pipe is relatively small. Small, the internal air pressure is larger, the gas circulation speed is faster, and the startup time is shorter, which is called the optimal operating state of the heat pipe. When the heat load continues to increase, the gas-liquid interface invades the inside of the capillary core, and the gas is in a superheated state, that is, the phenomenon of burning out. At the same time, the heat leakage from the evaporator to the liquid storage chamber is serious, and the heat exchange capacity of the evaporator decreases. It can be considered that This power is the limit power.
冷凝器的结构如图9所示,所述冷凝器是管壳式换热器,所述冷源走壳程,所述蒸汽走管程,所述换热器包括设置在壳体上的冷源入口和冷源出口,所述蒸汽管线采用蛇形布置方式。The structure of the condenser is shown in Figure 9. The condenser is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The cold source travels through the shell side and the steam travels through the tube side. The heat exchanger includes a cooling unit arranged on the shell. The steam pipeline adopts a serpentine arrangement for the source inlet and the cold source outlet.
所述环路热管制备方法,包括如下步骤:The loop heat pipe preparation method includes the following steps:
一、毛细芯的制备1. Preparation of capillary core
1、g-C3N4(氮化碳)的制备1. Preparation of gC 3 N 4 (carbon nitride)
1)制备氮化碳:以尿素为原材料,在马弗炉中进行烧结,升温速率为4.9-5.1℃/min,优选5℃/min,升温到490-510℃,优选为500℃,保温170-190min,优选180min,生成氮化碳。然后将生成氮化碳进行降温处理,优选降低到室温,优选20℃。上述升温速率是本发明的一个改进点,通过实验发现,升温速率在5℃/min左右时,g-C3N4的产量最佳,当超过5.1℃/min g-C3N4的产量会随着升温速率的增加而降低。当低于4.9℃/min时,产量虽然没有明显变化,但是效率明显降低。1) Preparation of carbon nitride: use urea as the raw material, sintering in a muffle furnace, the heating rate is 4.9-5.1°C/min, preferably 5°C/min, the temperature is raised to 490-510°C, preferably 500°C, and the temperature is maintained for 170 -190min, preferably 180min, to generate carbon nitride. The generated carbon nitride is then subjected to cooling treatment, preferably to room temperature, preferably 20°C. The above-mentioned heating rate is an improvement point of the present invention. Through experiments, it is found that when the heating rate is around 5°C/min, the output of gC 3 N 4 is optimal. When it exceeds 5.1°C/min, the output of gC 3 N 4 will decrease with the increase in temperature. decreases as the rate increases. When it is lower than 4.9°C/min, although the output does not change significantly, the efficiency decreases significantly.
2)热剥离氮化碳:先对马弗炉进行升温处理,等温度达到440-460℃时优选450℃,再开炉放入步骤1)中的氮化碳,剥离25-35min,优选30min,将g-C3N4进行分层处理。2) Thermal stripping of carbon nitride: first raise the temperature of the muffle furnace, and when the temperature reaches 440-460°C, preferably 450°C, then open the furnace and put in the carbon nitride in step 1), and peel for 25-35 minutes, preferably 30 minutes , layering gC 3 N 4 .
需要说明的是,步骤1)中主要是尿素高温反应生成氮化碳的过程,此过程是化学反应,步骤2)热剥离是为了将氮化碳分层,形成片状结构,然后再进行筛分。此过程为物理过程。此过程需要将室温的氮化碳直接放入高温环境下才能完成剥离。It should be noted that step 1) is mainly the process of high-temperature reaction of urea to generate carbon nitride. This process is a chemical reaction. Step 2) thermal stripping is to layer the carbon nitride to form a sheet structure, and then screen it. point. This process is a physical process. This process requires placing room temperature carbon nitride directly into a high temperature environment to complete the peeling.
3)将热剥离之后的g-C3N4进行研磨,随后用振荡筛筛选出目数在200-400目的g-C3N4粉末备用。本申请优先采用手工研磨,主要是为了避免破坏g-C3N4的层状结构。3) Grind the gC 3 N 4 after thermal peeling, and then use a vibrating sieve to screen out gC 3 N 4 powder with a mesh size of 200-400 mesh for later use. This application prefers manual grinding, mainly to avoid damaging the layered structure of gC 3 N 4 .
2、NaCl的研磨2. Grinding of NaCl
首先采用球磨机对NaCl颗粒进行研磨,优先选择QT-300行星球磨机。研磨中采用周期正反转球磨,正反转时间40-50min,优选45min,间隔时间4-8min,优选5min,总球磨时间 5-7h,优选6h,以保证研磨的效果。球磨完成后NaCl粒径主要分布在100-500目,500目以下的NaCl颗粒极少,通过振荡筛筛选粒径为200-400目(37-74μm)的NaCl粉末。First, a ball mill is used to grind the NaCl particles, with the QT-300 planetary ball mill being preferred. During grinding, periodic forward and reverse ball milling is used, the forward and reverse time is 40-50min, preferably 45min, the interval time is 4-8min, preferably 5min, and the total ball milling time is 5-7h, preferably 6h, to ensure the grinding effect. After the ball milling is completed, the NaCl particle size is mainly distributed between 100-500 mesh, and there are very few NaCl particles below 500 mesh. NaCl powder with a particle size of 200-400 mesh (37-74 μm) is screened through an oscillating sieve.
3、粉末配比3. Powder ratio
将g-C3N4、NaCl粉末与镍粉按照一定质量比例,优选g-C3N4、NaCl粉末总计占有5%wt-35%wt,优选10%wt-30%wt;或者优选g-C3N45%-20%、NaCl粉末5%-20%,其余为镍粉。如10%wtg-C3N4+10%wtNaCl+80%wtNi在球磨机上混合50-70min,优选60min,随后将混合好的粉末放入烘干机中进行烘干。gC 3 N 4 , NaCl powder and nickel powder are prepared in a certain mass ratio, preferably gC 3 N 4 and NaCl powder occupy a total of 5% wt-35% wt, preferably 10% wt-30% wt; or preferably gC 3 N 4 5 %-20%, NaCl powder 5%-20%, and the rest is nickel powder. For example, 10% wtg-C 3 N 4 + 10% wtNaCl + 80% wtNi are mixed on a ball mill for 50-70 minutes, preferably 60 minutes, and then the mixed powder is put into a dryer for drying.
g-C3N4形成的大孔结构可增大毛细芯的抽吸速率,NaCl在机加工之后再进行超声清洗溶解掉形成孔隙,可减少毛细芯在机加工过程中的断裂。两种造孔剂结合可明显提高毛细芯的孔隙率至83%,可明显提高抽吸极限。The macroporous structure formed by gC 3 N 4 can increase the suction rate of the capillary core. NaCl is dissolved and formed into pores after ultrasonic cleaning after machining, which can reduce the breakage of the capillary core during the machining process. The combination of the two pore-forming agents can significantly increase the porosity of the capillary core to 83%, which can significantly increase the suction limit.
4、冷压成型4. Cold press forming
采用压力机进行双向加压,成型压力(设定的施加力)为10-25Mpa。作为优选,每组成型压力采用一个压力值,具体成型压力与对应的毛细芯组如表1所示。A press is used for bidirectional pressurization, and the molding pressure (set applied force) is 10-25Mpa. As a preference, each group of molding pressure adopts a pressure value. The specific molding pressure and the corresponding capillary core group are shown in Table 1.
表1镍基双孔径毛细芯制备方案Table 1 Preparation scheme of nickel-based dual-aperture capillary core
5、毛细芯烧结5. Capillary core sintering
本实验烧结参数设置:对粉末加压成型之后进行烧结,升温速率10℃/min升到700℃,保温时间为60min,然后开始降温,降温速率70℃/h,在真空环境下进行烧结真空度维持在10-4Pa之下。采用10℃/min的升温速率可以减小烧结过程中烧结颈的形成,减小小孔径的数量,避免炉体内部石墨氧化。降温为自然冷却,有助于维护炉子使用寿命,强化毛细芯强度。The sintering parameters of this experiment are set as follows: After the powder is pressed and molded, it is sintered. The temperature rise rate is 10℃/min to 700℃. The holding time is 60min. Then the temperature starts to decrease. The cooling rate is 70℃/h. The sintering is carried out in a vacuum environment. Vacuum degree Maintained below 10 -4 Pa. Using a heating rate of 10°C/min can reduce the formation of sintering necks during the sintering process, reduce the number of small pores, and avoid oxidation of graphite inside the furnace body. Cooling is natural cooling, which helps maintain the service life of the furnace and strengthens the capillary core strength.
作为优选,烧结温度曲线如图2所示,包括升温阶段、保温阶段和冷却阶段。Preferably, the sintering temperature curve is as shown in Figure 2, including a heating stage, a heat preservation stage and a cooling stage.
6、超声清洗6. Ultrasonic cleaning
毛细芯在烧结完成后需要通过超声清洗将毛细芯内的NaCl颗粒溶解,得到孔隙进而得到双孔径结构。After the sintering of the capillary core is completed, ultrasonic cleaning is required to dissolve the NaCl particles in the capillary core to obtain pores and then obtain a dual-pore structure.
作为优选,在清洗前先进行称重,计算烧结过程中g-C3N4挥发的质量,清洗完成烘干之后再次进行称重,计算洗掉的盐的质量。通过称重以确定清洗的是否彻底。Preferably, weigh before cleaning to calculate the mass of gC 3 N 4 volatilized during the sintering process. Weigh again after cleaning and drying to calculate the mass of salt washed away. Weigh to determine whether cleaning is complete.
清洗方法:采用50-60℃的温水清洗7-8h,之后换水,继续以上步骤,总共清洗4次,随后放入烘干箱在120℃下干燥48h。Cleaning method: Clean with warm water at 50-60℃ for 7-8 hours, then change the water, continue the above steps, clean 4 times in total, and then put it in a drying box to dry at 120℃ for 48 hours.
二、毛细芯的表面加工2. Surface processing of capillary core
1、蒸汽槽道及液体管线的加工1. Processing of steam channels and liquid pipelines
作为优选,在制备环路热管时烧结出的毛细芯样品为210mm,根据铝鞍座的长度,所需毛细芯的长度为180mm,直径为15.4mm;蒸汽槽道共6条,尺寸为1x1x172mm;液体管线直径为6mm,孔深为172mm。采用车削的方式对毛细芯进行表面处理,线切割进行拉槽处理,及钻深孔处理。As a preference, the capillary core sample sintered when preparing the loop heat pipe is 210mm. According to the length of the aluminum saddle, the required capillary core length is 180mm and the diameter is 15.4mm; there are a total of 6 steam channels with a size of 1x1x172mm; The liquid pipeline diameter is 6mm and the hole depth is 172mm. The capillary core is surface treated by turning, grooving is performed by wire cutting, and deep holes are drilled.
毛细芯内部结构及整体结构图如图3所示。所述毛细芯是环状结构,在外壁上设置多个蒸汽槽道,所述蒸汽槽道沿着毛细芯长度方向延伸。作为优选,毛细芯的轴线与蒸汽槽道的轴线平行。The internal structure and overall structure of the capillary core are shown in Figure 3. The capillary core is an annular structure, and multiple steam channels are provided on the outer wall, and the steam channels extend along the length direction of the capillary core. Preferably, the axis of the capillary core is parallel to the axis of the steam channel.
作为优选,蒸发器液体入口位置处的毛细芯不设置蒸汽槽道,蒸汽槽道占据毛细芯长度的80-90%。较长的蒸汽槽道有助于受热各处气体的及时溢出,避免过热气层的形成及毛细芯内部产生气泡不能及时排除扰乱内部运行状态。Preferably, the capillary wick at the liquid inlet position of the evaporator is not provided with a steam channel, and the steam channel occupies 80-90% of the length of the capillary wick. The long steam channel helps the gas to escape from the heated parts in time, preventing the formation of overheated gas layer and the bubbles inside the capillary core that cannot be eliminated in time and disrupt the internal operating status.
作为优选,沿着流体在蒸发器中的流动方向,所述蒸汽槽道的流通面积越来越大。Preferably, along the flow direction of the fluid in the evaporator, the flow area of the steam channel becomes larger and larger.
作为优选,沿着流体在蒸发器中的流动方向,所述蒸汽槽道的流通面积越来越大的幅度不断增加。Preferably, along the flow direction of the fluid in the evaporator, the flow area of the steam channel increases to a larger and larger extent.
通过上述设置,能够满足蒸汽不断的加热流动的需要,使得蒸汽具有更加充分的流动空间,避免堵塞造成热管蒸发器的失效。Through the above settings, the need for continuous heating and flow of steam can be met, so that the steam has a more sufficient flow space, and the failure of the heat pipe evaporator caused by blockage is avoided.
作为优选,蒸汽槽道在毛细芯的长度方向上的长度为L,沿着毛细芯的长度方向,蒸汽槽道最开始位置的流通面积为S,则距离蒸汽槽道最开始位置的距离为l位置的流通面积s 规律如下:Preferably, the length of the steam channel in the length direction of the capillary wick is L. Along the length direction of the capillary wick, the flow area of the initial position of the steam channel is S, and the distance from the initial position of the steam channel is l. The flow area s of the location has the following rules:
s=S+w*S*(l/L)f,其中f、w是系数,满足如下要求:s=S+w*S*(l/L) f , where f and w are coefficients, meeting the following requirements:
1.13<f<1.23,0.24<w<0.30。1.13<f<1.23,0.24<w<0.30.
作为优选,随着l/L增加,f、w逐渐增加。Preferably, as l/L increases, f and w gradually increase.
作为优选,1.17<f<1.19,0.26<k<0.28。Preferably, 1.17<f<1.19, 0.26<k<0.28.
上述经验公式也是本申请经过大量实验研究的结果,是对蒸汽槽道面积分布的一个优化的结构,也是本申请的一个发明点,并不是本领域的公知常识。The above empirical formula is also the result of a large number of experimental studies in this application. It is an optimized structure for the area distribution of the steam channel. It is also an invention point of this application and is not common knowledge in this field.
2)副毛细芯的加工2) Processing of secondary capillary core
为减少运行过程中气泡对热管稳定性的影响以及增加毛细芯的抽吸性能,在热管的液体管道内增加优选是450-550目,进一步优选是500目的金属丝网(作为副毛细芯)以达到预期效果。副毛细芯与毛细芯的安装如图4-3所示。In order to reduce the impact of bubbles on the stability of the heat pipe during operation and to increase the suction performance of the capillary wick, a preferably 450-550 mesh, and further preferably a 500 mesh metal mesh (as a secondary capillary core) is added to the liquid pipe of the heat pipe. achieve the desired effect. The installation of the auxiliary capillary core and capillary core is shown in Figure 4-3.
作为优选,金属丝网每层厚度为0.13mm,液体管线与液体流道之间的间隙宽度为1.4125mm,可在液体管线上缠绕9-10层然后塞入到液体流道中,在储液室(内径为15mm),需要填充45层左右。裁剪金属丝网尺寸及形状如图4-1所示。As a preferred option, the thickness of each layer of metal mesh is 0.13mm, and the gap width between the liquid pipeline and the liquid channel is 1.4125mm. 9-10 layers can be wound around the liquid pipeline and then inserted into the liquid channel. In the liquid storage chamber (Inner diameter is 15mm), about 45 layers need to be filled. The size and shape of the cut metal mesh are shown in Figure 4-1.
作为一个优选,在蒸发器中的副毛细芯应填充满液体管线和液体流道之间的整个空间为宜,在储液器中的副毛细芯应填充满整个液体流道与蒸发器外壳之间的空间。深入到毛细芯中的液体管线都有副毛细芯,在储液室中也有一段副毛细芯,在图4-2可以很清楚的看出来。技术效果是去除回流液体中的气泡,减少运行中的扰动现象,及辅助主毛细芯抽吸,增强抽吸性能。As a preference, the auxiliary capillary wick in the evaporator should fill the entire space between the liquid pipeline and the liquid flow channel, and the auxiliary capillary wick in the liquid reservoir should fill the entire space between the liquid flow channel and the evaporator shell. the space between. The liquid pipeline that goes deep into the capillary core has a deputy capillary core, and there is also a section of deputy capillary core in the liquid storage chamber, which can be clearly seen in Figure 4-2. The technical effect is to remove bubbles in the reflux liquid, reduce disturbances during operation, and assist the main capillary wick suction to enhance suction performance.
毛细芯内液体管线的设置是为了使液体能够沿轴向均匀地对毛细芯进行供液。否则,液体从储液器沿轴向向毛细芯的供液阻力非常大,很容易造成供液不足,导致毛细芯产生轴向温差,甚至出现局部烧干现象。设置液体引管将回流的过冷液体直接引入到蒸发器中心,一方面,回流液体携带的冷量可用来平衡蒸发器透过毛细芯的径向漏热;另一方面,当液体管线内由于蒸发器的漏热产生了气泡或积聚了不凝性气体,从液体引管流出的过冷液体可以依靠自身携带的冷量对气泡进行冷却和消除,同时依靠自身的流动将这些不凝性气体或气泡推出液体管线,防止毛细芯内表面发生气塞现象,提高蒸发器的运行稳定性。The arrangement of the liquid pipeline in the capillary core is to enable liquid to be supplied to the capillary core uniformly along the axial direction. Otherwise, the liquid supply resistance from the liquid reservoir to the capillary core in the axial direction is very large, which can easily lead to insufficient liquid supply, causing an axial temperature difference in the capillary core, and even local burning out. Set up a liquid guide pipe to directly introduce the refluxing supercooled liquid into the center of the evaporator. On the one hand, the coldness carried by the refluxing liquid can be used to balance the radial heat leakage of the evaporator through the capillary wick; on the other hand, when the liquid pipeline is The heat leakage of the evaporator generates bubbles or accumulates non-condensable gas. The supercooled liquid flowing out from the liquid guide tube can cool and eliminate the bubbles by relying on the coldness it carries, and at the same time, rely on its own flow to remove these non-condensable gases. Or bubbles are pushed out of the liquid pipeline to prevent air locks on the inner surface of the capillary core and improve the operating stability of the evaporator.
三、蒸发器外壳的制备3. Preparation of evaporator shell
加工工艺:采用直径为的304不锈钢钢棍进行钻孔,先用中心钻在一个端面上加工一个中心孔进行定位。对另一端固定,然后用钻头并添加切削液进行钻孔处理(转速为70- 100r/min),对另一端采用相同的加工方式。钻完孔之后对钢管外表面进行车削处理,首先采用转速为320r/min进行车削,当距离15mm还有20-30丝的余量时,将转速升为500r/min 或600r/min处理表面,进行抛光处理,使表面光滑。Processing technology: the diameter is Use a 304 stainless steel rod to drill, first use a center drill to drill a center hole on one end face for positioning. Fix the other end, then use a drill bit and add cutting fluid to drill (the rotation speed is 70-100r/min), and use the same processing method for the other end. After drilling the hole, turn the outer surface of the steel pipe. First, use a speed of 320r/min for turning. When there is still 20-30 wires left from 15mm, increase the speed to 500r/min or 600r/min to treat the surface. Polish to make the surface smooth.
作为优选,蒸发器外壳长度为250mm,外径为17mm,内径为15mm,壁厚为1mm,在蒸发器外壳距离右侧20mm处钻一个直径为6.35mm的孔,用来灌注氨气。(注:当造孔剂中含有NaCl时,毛细芯应先加工后再进行清洗,以保证在加工时有较大的强度),具体结构如图 5所示。As a preferred option, the length of the evaporator shell is 250mm, the outer diameter is 17mm, the inner diameter is 15mm, and the wall thickness is 1mm. A hole with a diameter of 6.35mm is drilled 20mm away from the right side of the evaporator shell to inject ammonia gas. (Note: When the pore-forming agent contains NaCl, the capillary core should be processed first and then cleaned to ensure greater strength during processing). The specific structure is shown in Figure 5.
为防止蒸汽反向流窜,蒸发器外壳与毛细芯径向方向采用过盈配合(例如蒸发器外壳和毛细芯分别是15.4mm/15mm)的方式,将毛细芯烘干之后放入在压力机的作用下将毛细芯压入蒸发器外壳。液氨灌注口处焊接一段长度为40mm的1/4英寸的管子,壁厚为1mm,在1/4管子处通过焊接过度一段1/8的管子,用来与灌注平台进口进行连接。In order to prevent the reverse flow of steam, the evaporator shell and the capillary core adopt an interference fit in the radial direction (for example, the evaporator shell and capillary core are 15.4mm/15mm respectively). After drying the capillary core, place it in the press. The capillary wick is pressed into the evaporator shell. A section of 1/4-inch pipe with a length of 40mm and a wall thickness of 1mm is welded at the liquid ammonia filling port. A section of 1/8 pipe is welded at the 1/4 pipe to connect to the inlet of the filling platform.
四、铝鞍座的制备4. Preparation of aluminum saddle
为增加圆柱热管与热源的接触面积,在蒸发器外壳设置铝鞍座,图6为铝鞍座模型。铝鞍座中间设置通孔,用于将圆柱热管的蒸发端插入。在铝鞍座的底部是平面,所述平面连接热源。通过设置铝鞍座,提高了圆柱热管与热源的接触面积,进一步提高换热效率。In order to increase the contact area between the cylindrical heat pipe and the heat source, an aluminum saddle is set on the evaporator shell. Figure 6 shows the aluminum saddle model. A through hole is provided in the middle of the aluminum saddle for inserting the evaporation end of the cylindrical heat pipe. At the bottom of the aluminum saddle is a flat surface, which is connected to the heat source. By setting up the aluminum saddle, the contact area between the cylindrical heat pipe and the heat source is increased, further improving the heat exchange efficiency.
五、冷凝器的设计5. Design of condenser
冷凝器采用间壁式逆流换热器,内部蒸汽管线采用蛇形布置方式,增加与冷却水的接触面积,增加换热量,冷却水进水方式采用右进左出,蒸汽采用左进右出的方式进行冷却。图 7为冷凝器结构示意图。The condenser adopts a partition-type counter-flow heat exchanger, and the internal steam pipeline adopts a serpentine arrangement to increase the contact area with the cooling water and increase the heat transfer. The cooling water inlet method is right in and left out, and the steam is left in and right out. way to cool down. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the condenser structure.
蒸汽管线在冷凝器内的长度设计:Length design of steam pipeline in condenser:
设极限负荷为φ,极限负荷下冷凝器进口工质温度为t1、出口为t2,冷源工质进口温度为t3、出口温度为t4。Suppose the ultimate load is φ. Under the ultimate load, the inlet working fluid temperature of the condenser is t 1 and the outlet temperature is t 2 . The inlet temperature of the cold source working fluid is t 3 and the outlet temperature is t 4 .
由如下公式计算蒸汽管线在冷凝器中的面积:Calculate the area of the steam pipeline in the condenser according to the following formula:
φ=kA3Δt (1)φ=kA 3 Δt (1)
式中,k为传热系数;A3为蒸汽管线的换热面积(外壁);Δt为冷热流体的平均温差。In the formula, k is the heat transfer coefficient; A 3 is the heat exchange area (outer wall) of the steam pipeline; Δt is the average temperature difference between hot and cold fluids.
平均温差由如下公式得到:The average temperature difference is obtained by the following formula:
式中,Δtmax为冷热流体间的最大温差,Δtmin为冷热流体间的最小温差。In the formula, Δt max is the maximum temperature difference between hot and cold fluids, and Δt min is the minimum temperature difference between hot and cold fluids.
传热系数由下式得到:The heat transfer coefficient is obtained from the following formula:
式中,d2和d1分别为蒸汽管线的外径和内径;λs为蒸汽管线材料(304不锈管)的导热系数;h为蒸汽管外壁的对流换热系数。In the formula, d 2 and d 1 are the outer diameter and inner diameter of the steam pipeline respectively; λ s is the thermal conductivity of the steam pipeline material (304 stainless steel pipe); h is the convection heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall of the steam pipe.
查取冷源工质及相应温度下的Pr,将其代入管槽内湍流强制对流传热关联式(4)中与式(5)联立可解得h:Find the P r at the cold source working fluid and the corresponding temperature, and substitute it into the turbulent forced convection heat transfer correlation equation (4) in the tube groove and combine it with equation (5) to get h:
Nu=0.023Re 0.8Pr 0.3 (4)N u =0.023R e 0.8 P r 0.3 (4)
式中,Re为冷凝器内冷工质在冷凝器内的雷诺数λl为冷工质的导热系数;de为冷凝器内冷工质所经过环形空间的当量直径,即冷凝器套管内径d3d3与蒸汽管线外径d2d2之差。In the formula, R e is the Reynolds number of the cooling fluid in the condenser λ l is the thermal conductivity of the cooling fluid; d e is the equivalent diameter of the annular space through which the cooling fluid in the condenser passes, that is, the condenser jacket The difference between the inner diameter of the pipe d 3 d 3 and the outer diameter of the steam line d 2 d 2 .
六、蒸汽管线及液体管线6. Steam pipelines and liquid pipelines
作为优选,蒸汽管线及液体管线采用1/8英寸的304不锈钢管。作为优选,液体管线深入到蒸发器中的长度为240mm。As a preferred option, 1/8-inch 304 stainless steel pipes are used for steam pipelines and liquid pipelines. Preferably, the depth of the liquid pipeline into the evaporator is 240 mm.
七、封装7. Packaging
外壳板在加工过程中会残留油脂、切屑等杂质,在封装前需要对LHP的组件进行清洗,进行前期处理。Impurities such as grease and chips will remain in the shell plate during processing. The components of the LHP need to be cleaned and pre-processed before packaging.
1、在150摄氏度的空气干燥机中加热30min,以除去任何生产过程中的有机和无机杂质。1. Heat in an air dryer at 150 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to remove any organic and inorganic impurities in the production process.
2、碱洗。采用醋酸钠溶液温度为50℃,清洗20min,PH测试值在9左右,或者用中性除油剂。2. Alkaline cleaning. Use sodium acetate solution at a temperature of 50°C and clean for 20 minutes. The pH test value is around 9, or use a neutral degreaser.
3、清洗。用沸水冲洗,这个过程重复三~四次。3. Cleaning. Rinse with boiling water and repeat this process three to four times.
4、酸洗。铝外壳长时间放置易氧化会影响LHP的传热性能,钎焊前需要对母体进行清洗,采用柠檬酸对铝鞍座、不锈钢外壳进行酸洗,添加柠檬酸调节PH在5左右,温度为 40-50℃,清洗20min,除去氧化层。4. Pickling. The aluminum shell is prone to oxidation after being left for a long time, which will affect the heat transfer performance of the LHP. The matrix needs to be cleaned before brazing. Use citric acid to pickle the aluminum saddle and stainless steel shell. Add citric acid to adjust the pH to around 5 and the temperature to 40 -50°C, clean for 20 minutes to remove the oxide layer.
5、清洗。用沸水冲洗,这个过程重复三~四次。最后用去离子水清洗。5. Cleaning. Rinse with boiling water and repeat this process three to four times. Finally rinse with deionized water.
6、烘干。在干燥箱中110℃保温20min。6. Drying. Incubate at 110°C for 20 minutes in a drying oven.
清洗后进行安装。Install after cleaning.
1.首先将蒸发器外壳与铝鞍座进行真空钎焊。1. First vacuum braze the evaporator shell and the aluminum saddle.
2.随后将毛细芯塞入到焊接体中,具体操作如下:2. Then insert the capillary core into the welded body. The specific operations are as follows:
将毛细芯放入液氮之前,要将毛细芯做干燥处理,以免毛细芯受冷结冰膨胀使毛细芯破裂,在液氮中放置60min。毛细芯在压力机(优选压力值为0.1t)作用下,将毛细芯(优选直径15.4mm)压入到蒸发器外壳内(优选内径15mm),以保证过盈配合。毛细芯蒸发端在蒸发器外壳一端留有10mm空隙,在储液室一端留有60mm的空隙。蒸发端超过铝鞍座一侧10mm,储液室端超出铝鞍座另一侧40mm。蒸汽管线与蒸发端通过焊接进行连接,液体管线深入到蒸发器储液室内部234mm处,通过氩弧焊进行连接。蒸汽管线及液体管线的长度均为850mm.Before placing the capillary core into liquid nitrogen, dry the capillary core to prevent the capillary core from freezing and expanding due to cold and causing the capillary core to rupture. Place it in liquid nitrogen for 60 minutes. Under the action of a press (preferred pressure value is 0.1t), the capillary core (preferably diameter 15.4mm) is pressed into the evaporator shell (preferably inner diameter 15mm) to ensure interference fit. The capillary wick evaporation end leaves a 10mm gap at one end of the evaporator shell and a 60mm gap at one end of the liquid storage chamber. The evaporation end exceeds one side of the aluminum saddle by 10mm, and the liquid storage chamber end exceeds the other side of the aluminum saddle by 40mm. The steam pipeline and the evaporation end are connected by welding, and the liquid pipeline reaches 234mm deep into the evaporator liquid storage chamber and is connected by argon arc welding. The length of steam pipeline and liquid pipeline are both 850mm.
八、焊接8. Welding
整个环路热管管线上共多处个焊点。There are multiple solder joints on the entire loop heat pipe.
1.蒸发器进出口各一个焊点,1/4英寸的管子过渡处共两个焊点1. There is one solder joint at each evaporator inlet and outlet, and a total of two solder joints at the 1/4-inch pipe transition.
2.利用激光焊接的方式将不锈钢丝网与液体导管外壁焊接到一起,塞入到深孔中。2. Use laser welding to weld the stainless steel wire mesh and the outer wall of the liquid conduit together and insert them into the deep hole.
3.液体管线与蒸汽管线的选择一般为内壁光滑无锈的304不锈钢管,所选的液体与蒸汽管线均为1/8英寸(3.175mm)不锈钢管,钢管与蒸发器相连的位置采用氩弧焊接,蒸汽管线与液体管线连接处采用1/4管路过度焊接。优选采用氩弧焊,包括4个焊点。3. The selection of liquid pipelines and steam pipelines is generally 304 stainless steel pipes with smooth inner walls and rust-free. The selected liquid and steam pipelines are all 1/8-inch (3.175mm) stainless steel pipes. Argon arc is used where the steel pipes are connected to the evaporator. For welding, 1/4 pipe over-welding is used at the connection between the steam pipeline and the liquid pipeline. It is preferred to use argon arc welding, including 4 welding points.
4.环路热管灌注口为距储液器尾端30mm左右的1/4(6.35mm)圆形口,通过氩弧焊将灌注管线与圆形灌注口焊接到一起,然后采用1/8的管子通过氩弧焊与1/4管子实现过度,用来连接灌注口进行灌注操作。4. The loop heat pipe filling port is a 1/4 (6.35mm) round port about 30mm away from the end of the liquid reservoir. Weld the filling pipeline and the round filling port together through argon arc welding, and then use a 1/8 The pipe is connected to the 1/4 pipe through argon arc welding to connect the filling port for the filling operation.
5.蒸发器外壳和铝鞍座采用真空钎焊的方式进行连接,根据母体的熔点,选择了以下两种焊料,在真空热压烧结炉中进行焊接,当温度达到焊料温度时,立即停止加热,待其冷却后取出母体。5. The evaporator shell and the aluminum saddle are connected by vacuum brazing. According to the melting point of the matrix, the following two solders are selected and welded in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace. When the temperature reaches the solder temperature, the heating is stopped immediately. , take out the mother body after it cools down.
6.蒸发器外壳两端不锈钢片如图9所示,待毛细芯压入之后,进行氩弧焊接。6. The stainless steel sheets at both ends of the evaporator shell are shown in Figure 9. After the capillary core is pressed in, argon arc welding is performed.
九、检漏9. Leak detection
先焊接蒸汽管线、液体管线与蒸发器,采用气压设备对焊接热管在水中进行排气检测,检测焊点处是否漏气,以及管路是否畅通,如果畅通,进行冷凝器的安装,再进行焊接,最后完成环路热管整体的检漏,无明显气泡冒出方为合格。First weld the steam pipeline, liquid pipeline and evaporator, use pneumatic equipment to detect the exhaust of the welded heat pipe in the water, check whether there is air leakage at the welding joint, and whether the pipeline is smooth. If it is smooth, install the condenser and then weld. , finally complete the overall leak detection of the loop heat pipe, and it will be considered qualified if there are no obvious bubbles emerging.
1、泄漏与堵塞的检查1. Check for leaks and blockages
先将蒸发器进出口焊点处分别与蒸汽管线和液体管线进行焊接,利用水浴和空压机对环路热管进行检漏,具体操作为:First, weld the welding points of the evaporator inlet and outlet to the steam pipeline and liquid pipeline respectively, and use a water bath and air compressor to detect leaks in the loop heat pipe. The specific operations are:
(1)泄露的检查:气体由充注口进入,将液体管线和蒸汽管线的出口封住,在水浴中观察,蒸发器进出口焊点和蒸发器表面是否漏气。(1) Leakage inspection: Gas enters through the filling port, seal the exits of the liquid pipeline and steam pipeline, and observe in a water bath whether there is air leakage at the evaporator inlet and outlet solder joints and the evaporator surface.
(2)堵塞的检查:气体由充注口进入,将液体管线出口封住,蒸汽管线出口放入水浴中,观察充气时是否有气泡蒸汽管线出口冒出,从而可知蒸汽管线和毛细芯是否畅通。(2) Check for clogging: Gas enters through the filling port, seal the liquid pipeline outlet, put the steam pipeline outlet into the water bath, and observe whether there are bubbles coming out of the steam pipeline outlet during inflation, so as to know whether the steam pipeline and capillary core are smooth. .
十、灌注10. Perfusion
1.)灌注前准备1.) Preparation before perfusion
制冰机进行制冰准备、检测灌注设备是否运行正常、对空质量热管进行称重,并对热管充注干燥空气进行干燥处理。The ice machine prepares ice, checks whether the filling equipment is operating normally, weighs the empty mass heat pipe, and fills the heat pipe with dry air for drying.
2.)抽真空灌注2.) Vacuum infusion
利用电磁阀、气体质量流量计、PLC等元件搭建,进行自动化灌注。It is constructed using solenoid valves, gas mass flow meters, PLC and other components to perform automated perfusion.
1.抽真空(PLC电磁阀分段抽真空)1. Vacuuming (PLC solenoid valve segmented vacuuming)
抽真空包含两部分:一抽灌注管路内的空气;二抽环路热管热管中的空气(可对整个热管进行加热,使内部气体膨胀,除去毛细芯及管线中的气体及不凝性气体)Vacuuming consists of two parts: one is to pump the air in the perfusion pipeline; the other is to pump the air in the loop heat pipe (which can heat the entire heat pipe to expand the internal gas and remove the gas and non-condensable gas in the capillary core and pipeline) )
利用机械泵、真空泵、Edward分子泵等进行分段式抽真空操作,真空度达10-1Pa。Use mechanical pumps, vacuum pumps, Edward molecular pumps, etc. to perform segmented vacuuming operations, with a vacuum degree of 10-1Pa.
作为优选,在对环路热管中的空气进行抽真空过程中,需用热风枪对整个LHP管路进行加热,以便抽出不凝性气体。加热方式采用间接性加热,当再次加热时,真空泵显示的真空度不再随加热而增大,表明真空已抽到极限值,停止加热,关闭阀门,结束抽真空,待热管冷却后,开始灌注。Preferably, during the process of vacuuming the air in the loop heat pipe, a hot air gun needs to be used to heat the entire LHP pipeline in order to extract the non-condensable gas. The heating method adopts indirect heating. When heating again, the vacuum degree displayed by the vacuum pump will no longer increase with heating, indicating that the vacuum has been pumped to the limit value. Stop heating, close the valve, and end vacuuming. After the heat pipe cools down, start perfusion. .
2灌注(压力差灌注法)(氨工质:沸点:-33℃,临界温度:132℃)2. Perfusion (pressure difference perfusion method) (ammonia working fluid: boiling point: -33°C, critical temperature: 132°C)
打开灌注程序,开启氨气瓶压力阀(压力6Mpa),保持恒定压力,开启流量监控设备,流速保持在28L/min左右。Start the perfusion program, open the ammonia cylinder pressure valve (pressure 6Mpa), maintain constant pressure, turn on the flow monitoring equipment, and keep the flow rate at about 28L/min.
体积计算法:Volume calculation method:
采用Fluke(数据采集仪器)对流量显示仪上的数据进行实时采集,最后通过计算求和得出对应氨气瓶出口压力下的体积,最后折算到液氨下相应的体积,达到充注要求封装灌注口,没有则继续完成充注。Fluke (data acquisition instrument) is used to collect the data on the flow indicator in real time. Finally, the volume under the outlet pressure of the corresponding ammonia cylinder is calculated and summed, and finally converted to the corresponding volume under liquid ammonia to meet the filling requirements for packaging. Filling port, if not, continue to complete filling.
质量计算法:Quality calculation method:
灌注之前对空的热管进行称重,灌注之后再次进行称重,根据质量差折算出对应的液氨 (充注工质)的体积,与目标充注率进行比较,最后完成封装工作。Weigh the empty heat pipe before filling, weigh it again after filling, calculate the corresponding volume of liquid ammonia (filling fluid) based on the mass difference, compare it with the target filling rate, and finally complete the packaging work.
备注:可以采用Fluke和热电偶线(测温装置)对灌注完成的热管进行测温,查找对应温度液氨的密度,换算出体积,进而计算出灌注率。Note: Fluke and thermocouple wire (temperature measurement device) can be used to measure the temperature of the heat pipe after perfusion, find the density of liquid ammonia at the corresponding temperature, convert the volume, and then calculate the perfusion rate.
3.)排氨封装3.) Ammonia exhaust packaging
利用空压机、过滤器等将灌注系统残留的氨气吹出融入去离子水中,随后检测环路热管启动性能,最后利用液压剪以及电磁熔断器完成环路热管最后的封装操作。Use air compressors, filters, etc. to blow out the residual ammonia from the perfusion system and blend it into deionized water, then test the startup performance of the loop heat pipe, and finally use hydraulic shears and electromagnetic fuses to complete the final packaging operation of the loop heat pipe.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上,但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,均可作各种更动与修改,因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims.
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