CN115521564A - PVA composite porous material and application - Google Patents
PVA composite porous material and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN115521564A CN115521564A CN202211246234.5A CN202211246234A CN115521564A CN 115521564 A CN115521564 A CN 115521564A CN 202211246234 A CN202211246234 A CN 202211246234A CN 115521564 A CN115521564 A CN 115521564A
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical group [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000022133 pulmonary valve agenesis Diseases 0.000 description 187
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 164
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 27
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C02F3/108—Immobilising gels, polymers or the like
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a PVA composite porous material and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of porous materials, and particularly relates to a PVA composite porous material prepared by reacting and crosslinking PVA with formaldehyde and polyurethane prepolymer in a solution, wherein the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by the reaction of glycerol and TDI, the solution contains a foaming agent, a catalyst and a filler, the filler is at least one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin, and the foaming agent is calcium carbonate. The PVA composite porous material prepared by the method has high tensile strength, and the tensile strength is 16-24MPa; the water absorption performance is good, and the water absorption multiplying power is 12-20; the device is applied to a sewage treatment process, and has good COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal effect and ammonia nitrogen removal effect on sewage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of porous materials, and particularly relates to a PVA composite porous material and application thereof.
Background
The PVA formal porous material is hard in a dry state and has higher mechanical strength; the wet texture is soft, heat-resistant, can be disinfected, has elasticity, has mutually communicated pores, is convenient for fibrous tissues and capillary vessels of muscles to grow in, and has less foreign body rejection reaction. Therefore, the material can be used for preparing medical materials and can be used as a high water absorption material to replace medical gauze. In addition, due to the properties of elasticity, abrasion resistance, water absorption, capability of bonding a large amount of filler and the like, the rubber can be used as a material for wiping cloth, synthetic sponge and cleaning record and a polishing material for glass and the like instead of felt. Polyurethane is gradually showing excellent and wide application properties as a new polymer material being developed vigorously.
In the seventies of the twentieth century, because the problem of water pollution is becoming more serious, the development of a new technology for treating wastewater with high efficiency is urgently required, and immobilized microorganisms are beginning to be applied to the research of wastewater treatment. The immobilized microbial cell technology is a method for positioning free microbial cells in a limited spatial area by using physical or chemical means and keeping the activity of the free microbial cells for recycling. Compared with the traditional suspension biological treatment process, the immobilized microorganism wastewater treatment technology has a series of advantages of high treatment efficiency, stable operation, purification, high-efficiency dominant bacteria maintenance, large biomass in a reactor, small sludge production amount, good solid-liquid separation effect and the like. The carrier is the core part of the water treatment by the immobilization technology, influences the whole process of growth, reproduction and shedding of microorganisms, and has the performance directly influencing the effects of immobilization and water treatment, so that the research and preparation of high-performance carriers have profound significance.
The invention aims to disclose a PVA composite porous material which can be used as a microorganism carrier and has a porous structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a PVA composite porous material which has good tensile strength and high water absorption rate and improves the sewage treatment effect and application thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a preparation method of a PVA composite porous material comprises the following steps: the PVA composite porous material is prepared by reacting and crosslinking PVA, formaldehyde and polyurethane prepolymer in a solution, wherein the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting glycerol and TDI, the solution contains a foaming agent, a catalyst and a filler, and the filler is at least one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin. The invention forms a crosslinking compound between PVA, formaldehyde and polyurethane prepolymer, wherein the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by the reaction of glycerol and TDI, the glycerol and TDI can form three long-chain structures, then the polyurethane prepolymer with the three long-chain structures and the PVA and formaldehyde form a complex crosslinking compound, in the formation of the crosslinking compound, the filler is used to disperse the filler in the crosslinking structure of the compound in the presence of a foaming agent and under the stirring of a solution, and the PVA composite porous material with a porous structure is obtained under the combination of the complex crosslinking structure made by the glycerol as a starting point and the filler. After the glycerol is replaced by the propylene glycol and the n-propanol, the corresponding performance of the PVA composite porous material is greatly reduced. After the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by taking glycerol as a starting point, the tensile property and the water absorption property of the PVA composite porous material are improved after the PVA composite porous material is further prepared.
Preferably, formaldehyde is used in an amount of 10 to 20wt% of PVA.
Preferably, the amount of the polyurethane prepolymer used is 10 to 20wt% of PVA.
Preferably, the foaming agent is calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the catalyst is stannous octoate.
Preferably, in the treatment of PVA, PVA is added to distilled water and dissolved with stirring at 80 to 95 ℃ to obtain a PVA solution.
More preferably, in the treatment of PVA, the PVA solution contains 10 to 20% by weight of PVA.
Preferably, in the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer, the polyol is dehydrated for 2-4h in vacuum at 90-110 ℃, TDI is added when the polyol is cooled to 40-60 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 70-90 ℃ for reaction for 1-4h, and the polyurethane prepolymer is obtained after vacuum deaeration.
More preferably, in the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer, the polyol is glycerol.
More preferably, TDI is used in an amount of 150-300% of the molar amount of polyol used in the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer.
Preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer, a foaming agent is added into a PVA solution, then a filler is added, formaldehyde and a polyurethane prepolymer are added, a catalyst is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly at the temperature of 70-90 ℃, then the cross-linking and curing are carried out for 2-6h at the temperature of 90-110 ℃, and the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer is obtained after drying.
More preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer, the foaming agent is calcium carbonate, and the amount of the foaming agent used is 3 to 9wt% of PVA in the PVA solution.
More preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane crosslinked product, the filler is at least one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin.
More preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane crosslinked material, the amount of lignin used is 0.5 to 4wt% based on the PVA in the PVA solution.
More preferably, the amount of cellulose used in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane conjugate is 0.5 to 4wt% based on the PVA in the PVA solution.
More preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer, the cyclodextrin is used in an amount of 0.5 to 4wt% based on the PVA in the PVA solution.
More preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer, formaldehyde is used in an amount of 10 to 20wt% based on the PVA in the PVA solution.
More preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer, the amount of the polyurethane prepolymer is 10 to 20wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution.
More preferably, in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer, the catalyst is stannous octoate, and the usage amount of the catalyst is 10-20wt% of the polyurethane prepolymer.
More preferably, polyacrylamide and starch may be added in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer. The usage amount of the polyacrylamide is 1-5wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, and the usage amount of the starch is 0.5-3wt% of PVA in the PVA solution. When the polyacrylamide and the starch are applied to the PVA composite porous material, the starch can be filled in the prepared composite material, more hole structures are formed after the starch is washed out, the polyacrylamide, the filler and the cross-linked body with the composite cross-linked structure form the composite porous material, the tensile property and the water absorption property of the PVA composite porous material are further improved, and the clearance rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen in sewage is improved after the polyacrylamide and the starch are applied to sewage treatment.
The invention discloses a PVA composite porous material prepared by the method.
A method of treating wastewater comprising: the PVA composite porous material is used in the sewage treatment process. The PVA composite porous material prepared by the invention has the advantages that the surface is full of small holes, the roughness is good, the nitrobacteria and pollutants needing to be purified by overflowing are favorably intercepted and filtered, and countless pore diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers are full of the pore walls, so that the PVA composite porous material is extremely suitable for purifying the living and the reproduction of the bacteria. When the obtained PVA composite porous material is more beneficial to the living and the reproduction of bacteria, the sewage treatment effect is better.
Preferably, the PVA composite porous material is applied to an aerobic pool in a sewage treatment process.
Preferably, the volume of the PVA composite porous material is 6-10% of the volume of the aerobic pool.
The invention discloses application of the PVA composite porous material in sewage treatment.
The invention adopts the reaction and crosslinking of PVA, formaldehyde and polyurethane prepolymer in solution to prepare the PVA composite porous material, the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by the reaction of glycerol and TDI, the solution contains foaming agent, catalyst and filler, and the filler is at least one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin, so the invention has the following beneficial effects: the PVA composite porous material has high tensile strength which is 16-24MPa; the water absorption performance is good, and the water absorption multiplying power is 12-20; the device is applied to a sewage treatment process, and has good COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal effect and ammonia nitrogen removal effect on sewage. Therefore, the PVA composite porous material has the advantages of good tensile strength, high water absorption rate and improved sewage treatment effect, and the preparation method and the application thereof.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sewage treatment process;
FIG. 2 is an electron microscope image of the PVA composite porous material;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the tensile strength of a PVA composite porous material;
FIG. 4 is a water absorption rate chart of the PVA composite porous material;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the COD clearance in sewage;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the ammonia nitrogen removal rate in sewage.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by combining the detailed description and the attached drawings:
example 1:
a preparation method of PVA composite porous material,
dissolution of PVA: PVA was added to distilled water and dissolved at 90 ℃ with stirring to obtain a PVA solution. The PVA solution contained 15wt% PVA.
Preparing a polyurethane prepolymer: and (2) dehydrating the polyol at 100 ℃ for 3h in vacuum, cooling to 50 ℃, adding TDI, heating to 80 ℃, reacting for 3h, and defoaming in vacuum to obtain the polyurethane prepolymer. The polyol is glycerol, and the amount of TDI used is 200% of the molar amount of polyol used.
Preparation of PVA-polyurethane crosslinked material: adding a foaming agent into a PVA solution, then adding a filler, adding formaldehyde and a polyurethane prepolymer, adding a catalyst, stirring and mixing uniformly at 80 ℃, then crosslinking and curing for 4 hours at 100 ℃, and drying to obtain the PVA-polyurethane crosslinking material. The foaming agent is calcium carbonate, the using amount of the foaming agent is 6wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, the filler is lignin, the using amount of the lignin is 2wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution, the using amount of the formaldehyde is 15wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution, the using amount of the polyurethane prepolymer is 15wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution, the catalyst is stannous octoate, and the using amount of the catalyst is 10wt% of the polyurethane prepolymer.
Example 2:
a preparation method of PVA composite porous material,
this example is different from example 1 in that the filler in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane crosslinked product is cellulose. The cellulose was used in an amount of 2wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution.
Example 3:
a preparation method of PVA composite porous material,
this example is different from example 1 in that the filler in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer is cyclodextrin. The amount of cyclodextrin used was 2wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a PVA composite porous material,
this example is different from example 1 in that the filler used in the production of the PVA-urethane crosslinked product is lignin or cellulose. The amount of lignin used was 2wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, and the amount of cellulose used was 2wt% of PVA in the PVA solution.
Example 5:
a preparation method of PVA composite porous material,
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the filler used in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane crosslinked product was lignin or cyclodextrin. The usage amount of the lignin is 2wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution, and the usage amount of the cyclodextrin is 2wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution.
Example 6:
a preparation method of PVA composite porous material,
this example is different from example 1 in that the filler used in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane crosslinked material is cellulose or cyclodextrin. The amount of cellulose used was 2wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, and the amount of cyclodextrin used was 2wt% of PVA in the PVA solution.
Example 7:
a preparation method of PVA composite porous material,
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the filler used in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane crosslinked product is lignin, cellulose, or cyclodextrin. The amount of lignin used was 2wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, the amount of cellulose used was 2wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, and the amount of cyclodextrin used was 2wt% of PVA in the PVA solution.
Example 8:
a preparation method of a PVA composite porous material,
compared with the embodiment 1, the difference is that in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked substance, the foaming agent and the surfactant are added into the PVA solution, then the filler and the starch are added, the formaldehyde and the polyurethane prepolymer are added, the catalyst is added, the mixture is stirred and mixed uniformly at 80 ℃, then the cross-linking and curing are carried out for 4 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked substance is obtained after the drying, the washing and the drying. The surfactant is polyacrylamide, the usage amount of the polyacrylamide is 3wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, and the usage amount of the starch is 1wt% of the PVA in the PVA solution. The amounts of the other substances used were the same as those in example 1.
Example 9:
a preparation method of PVA composite porous material,
this example is different from example 8 in that the filler used in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane crosslinked product is lignin, cellulose, or cyclodextrin. The amount of lignin used was 2.5wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, the amount of cellulose used was 1wt% of PVA in the PVA solution, and the amount of cyclodextrin used was 3wt% of PVA in the PVA solution.
Example 10:
a method for treating sewage, which comprises the following steps,
the sewage treatment adopts a thin grid → an adjusting tank → a reaction tank → a primary sedimentation tank → an improved type A 2 O tank → secondary sedimentation tank → flocculation tank → final sedimentation tank → denitrification filter tank → ozone catalytic oxidation tank → biological aerated filter tank → disinfection tank → discharge port. The process flow is shown in figure 1.
Biochemical system adopting improved type A 2 In the O process, pollutants firstly decompose macromolecular organic matters which are difficult to degrade into micromolecular organic matters which are easy to degrade in an anaerobic state, then the micromolecular organic matters enter an anoxic-aerobic process, are oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms under the condition of high dissolved oxygen, so that the pollutants are degraded, ammonia nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, mixed liquid in an aerobic pool flows back to an anoxic pool, and denitrification is realized under the action of denitrifying bacteria. The PVA composite porous material prepared by the method is added into an aerobic tank. The usage volume of the PVA composite porous material accounts for 8.5 percent of the volume of the aerobic tank. After the PVA composite porous material is used, the microbial concentration can be increased, the biochemical treatment capacity can be enhanced, and the biological denitrification capacity can be improved.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example is different from example 1 in that the polyol was replaced with propylene glycol in the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer.
Comparative example 2:
this comparative example is different from example 1 in that in the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer, the polyol was replaced with n-propanol.
Comparative example 3:
this comparative example is different from example 1 in that no filler was used in the preparation of the PVA-polyurethane cross-linked polymer.
Test example:
1. characterization of electron microscope
Test samples: example 1 the resulting PVA composite porous material was prepared.
The microscopic morphology of the test samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy.
The PVA composite porous material prepared by the invention is a polymer sponge body, can be made into a strip-shaped suspension type, and has hydrophilicity, biotophilicity, inert framework, high strength, wear resistance, weather resistance, chemical resistance, rough surface, three-dimensional porosity, positive charge, huge specific surface area and whole volume of a reactor. An electron microscope image of the PVA composite porous material prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 2, and the PVA composite porous material has a porous structure, small holes are distributed on the surface, the surface has good roughness, the nitrobacteria and pollutants needing to be purified by overflowing are favorably intercepted and filtered, and countless pore diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers are distributed on the pore wall, so that the PVA composite porous material is extremely suitable for purifying bacteria and living and multiplying.
2. Tensile Property test
Test samples: the PVA composite porous materials obtained in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were prepared by the respective methods.
The test sample is made into a rectangular strip shape of 150mm multiplied by 20mm, and the tensile strength of the test sample is tested by adopting an electronic universal tester. The drawing rate was 50mm/min.
The tensile property test result of the PVA composite porous material of the present invention is shown in fig. 3, wherein S1 is example 1, S2 is example 2, S3 is example 3, S4 is example 4, S5 is example 5, S6 is example 6, S7 is example 7, S8 is example 8, S9 is example 9, D1 is comparative example 1, D2 is comparative example 2, D3 is comparative example 3, the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of comparative example 3 has a tensile strength of 15.69MPa, the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of examples 1-3 has a tensile strength of 16.84MPa or more, and examples 1-3 show that any one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin can be used for preparing the PVA composite porous material to improve the tensile property of the obtained material, compared with comparative example 3; the tensile strength of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the methods of examples 4 to 6 is 20.33MPa or more, which shows that when any two of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin are used in the method for preparing the PVA composite porous material, the tensile property of the PVA composite porous material is improved as compared with when only any one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin is used, the tensile strength of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of example 7 is 22.27MPa, which shows that the PVA composite porous material prepared by the methods of examples 8 to 9 has a better effect when lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin are used together, and the tensile strength of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the methods of examples 8 to 9 is 23.52MPa or more, which shows that the use of polyacrylamide and starch in the preparation method can further improve the tensile property of the PVA composite porous material, and that the change in the use amounts of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin in the filler can improve the tensile property of the PVA composite porous material under the use conditions of polyacrylamide and starch; compared with the comparative examples 1-2, the tensile property of the PVA composite porous material is the best when the glycerol is used for reacting with the polyurethane prepolymer and is used for preparing the PVA composite porous material, and the use effect of the glycerol is far better than that of the propylene glycol and the n-propanol.
The tensile strength of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the invention is 16-24MPa.
3. Water absorption Performance test
Test samples: the PVA composite porous materials obtained in examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were prepared by the respective methods.
And weighing the test sample, placing the test sample in the aqueous solution, taking out the test sample after 12 hours, wiping off surface moisture, weighing the wet weight, and calculating the water absorption of the test sample.
Water absorption times = (wet-dry weight)/dry weight × 100%.
The water absorption performance test result of the PVA composite porous material of the present invention is shown in fig. 4, wherein S1 is example 1, S2 is example 2, S3 is example 3, S4 is example 4, S5 is example 5, S6 is example 6, S7 is example 7, S8 is example 8, S9 is example 9, D1 is comparative example 1, D2 is comparative example 2, D3 is comparative example 3, the water absorption rate of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of comparative example 3 is 11.6, the water absorption rate of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of examples 1 to 3 is 12.7 or more, and compared with comparative example 3, examples 1 to 3 indicate that any one of lignin, cellulose, and cyclodextrin can be used for preparing the PVA composite porous material to improve the water absorption performance of the obtained material; the water absorption rate of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of examples 4 to 6 is 16.3 or more, which indicates that the water absorption performance of the PVA composite porous material obtained by using any two of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin in the method for preparing the PVA composite porous material is improved compared with the case of using only any one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin, the water absorption rate of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of example 7 is 18.6, which indicates that the PVA composite porous material prepared by using lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin together has a better effect, and the water absorption rate of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of examples 8 to 9 is 19.2 or more, which indicates that the water absorption performance of the PVA composite porous material obtained by using polyacrylamide and starch in the preparation method can be further improved, and the water absorption performance of the PVA composite porous material can be improved by the change of the usage amounts of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin in the filler under the use conditions of polyacrylamide and starch; compared with the comparative examples 1 and 2, the water absorption performance of the PVA composite porous material is the best after the glycerol is used for reacting with the polyurethane prepolymer and preparing the PVA composite porous material, and the using effect of the glycerol is far better than that of the propylene glycol and the n-propyl alcohol.
The water absorption multiplying power of the PVA composite porous material prepared by the invention is 12-20.
4. Effect of sewage treatment
The PVA composite porous materials prepared by the methods of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were applied to the sewage treatment method of example 10, and the effect in sewage treatment was examined.
The COD concentration in the sample introduction sewage is 1000mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 90mg/L.
The COD removal results after the wastewater treatment using the PVA composite porous material of the present invention are shown in fig. 5, where S1 is example 1, S2 is example 2, S3 is example 3, S4 is example 4, S5 is example 5, S6 is example 6, S7 is example 7, S8 is example 8, S9 is example 9, D1 is comparative example 1, D2 is comparative example 2, and D3 is comparative example 3, and an analysis of the results shows that any one of lignin, cellulose, and cyclodextrin can be used to prepare the PVA composite porous material, and the COD removal rate can be increased when the PVA composite porous material is applied to wastewater treatment; after the prepared PVA composite porous material is applied to sewage treatment, the use effect of any two of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin is better than that of any one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin, and the effect of removing COD in sewage can be improved; the PVA composite porous material is obtained by using lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin as fillers together, and has better effect of removing COD in sewage after being applied to sewage treatment; when lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin are used as fillers, polyacrylamide and starch are further used in the preparation method and then applied to sewage treatment, so that the effect of removing COD in sewage can be further improved.
The ammonia nitrogen removal result after sewage treatment by applying the PVA composite porous material of the invention is shown in FIG. 6, wherein S1 is example 1, S2 is example 2, S3 is example 3, S4 is example 4, S5 is example 5, S6 is example 6, S7 is example 7, S8 is example 8, S9 is example 9, D1 is comparative example 1, D2 is comparative example 2, and D3 is comparative example 3, after sewage treatment by applying the PVA composite porous material of the invention, the PVA composite porous material prepared by the same different method has different ammonia nitrogen removal effects after being applied to sewage treatment, and the same shows that the use of the PVA composite porous material with the filler in sewage ammonia nitrogen removal is better than that of the PVA composite porous material without the filler, the use of glycerol is better than that of propylene glycol and n-propanol, and the use of polyacrylamide and starch in preparing the composite porous material has good ammonia nitrogen removal effect when being applied to sewage.
After the PVA composite porous material prepared by the invention is applied to sewage, the clearance rate of COD in the sewage is 80-95%, and the clearance rate of ammonia nitrogen in the sewage is 86-98%.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a PVA composite porous material comprises the following steps: the PVA composite porous material is prepared by reacting and crosslinking PVA, formaldehyde and a polyurethane prepolymer in a solution, wherein the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting glycerol and TDI, the solution contains a foaming agent, a catalyst and a filler, and the filler is at least one of lignin, cellulose and cyclodextrin.
2. The method for preparing a PVA composite porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the using amount of the formaldehyde is 10-20wt% of PVA.
3. The method for preparing a PVA composite porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the usage amount of the polyurethane prepolymer is 10-20wt% of PVA.
4. The method for preparing a PVA composite porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the foaming agent is calcium carbonate.
5. The method for preparing a PVA composite porous material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the catalyst is stannous octoate.
6. A PVA composite porous material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. A method of treating wastewater comprising: use of the PVA composite porous material of claim 6 in a sewage treatment process.
8. A method for treating wastewater according to claim 7, wherein: the PVA composite porous material is applied to an aerobic tank in a sewage treatment process.
9. A method for treating wastewater according to claim 7, wherein: the use volume of the PVA composite porous material is 6-10% of the volume of the aerobic pool.
10. Use of the PVA composite porous material of claim 6 in sewage treatment.
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