CN115520971A - Method for treating sewage by artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation - Google Patents

Method for treating sewage by artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115520971A
CN115520971A CN202211309501.9A CN202211309501A CN115520971A CN 115520971 A CN115520971 A CN 115520971A CN 202211309501 A CN202211309501 A CN 202211309501A CN 115520971 A CN115520971 A CN 115520971A
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calamus
water
planting
channel
area
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
董亚荣
伊丽丽
张尊举
王立栋
陈婧
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Hebei University of Environmental Engineering
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Hebei University of Environmental Engineering
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Priority to CN202211309501.9A priority Critical patent/CN115520971A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating sewage by using an artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation, belonging to the field of sewage treatment by the wetland. The inner wall of the channel is communicated with the ecological pool through a pipeline, water in the pool is guided into the channel, the inner wall of the channel is provided with barrier plates at intervals, a water storage pool is formed between every two groups of barrier plates, each water storage pool is internally provided with a communicated pipeline, and the communicated pipeline guides the water in the ecological pool into an inner cavity of the water storage pool; divide into several blocks in the cistern and float the water plant district, the submerged plant district, wetland woody plant district, wetland herbaceous plant district, plant the calamus of the same quantity in different blocks, monitor the production process of calamus in real time, thereby make the staff can inspect the problem that calamus planting in-process was discover, interval planting aquatic herbaceous plant in the interval that calamus was planted, various aquatic herbaceous plants of difference are big because of the difference in size between the different types, it can be according to the fine setting of site operation condition to plant the row spacing.

Description

Method for treating sewage by using artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment by wetlands, in particular to a method for treating sewage by an artificial wetland by taking calamus as vegetation.
Background
The artificial wetland is a technology for treating sewage and sludge by using the physical, chemical and biological synergy of soil, artificial media, plants and microorganisms mainly in the process of flowing the sewage and the sludge along a certain direction by using the controlled dosing of the sewage and the sludge on the artificially constructed wetland similar to the marshland which is artificially constructed and controlled to operate. The action mechanism of the plant nutrient solution comprises the actions of adsorption, detention, filtration, oxidation reduction, precipitation, microbial decomposition, transformation, plant shielding, residue accumulation, transpiration moisture and nutrient absorption and various animals.
The patent number CN201310359581.3 discloses a method for treating sewage by utilizing an artificial wetland, wherein A, sewage pretreatment sewage enters a pretreatment area, impurities and large-particle suspended matters in the sewage are filtered by a filter material, and are output to a multifunctional area through a water supply pipe and a valve; the sewage is aerated in the multifunctional area and then is output to the wetland unit; after entering the wetland unit, sewage is filtered and adsorbed by the substrate layer, purified under the action of wetland plants and microorganisms and then discharged out of the wetland unit, purified water discharged out of the wetland unit is collected and then connected to the next treatment unit or recycled, and the substrate layer is made of modified steel slag. It is obvious that the number and arrangement of the multifunctional zones and the wetland units can be flexibly selected according to the needs without departing from the essence of the invention. The uppermost part of the wetland unit is a soil layer, and the soil layer can be preferably used for planting aquatic plants with good treatment performance, strong water resistance, high survival rate, long growth period, attractive appearance and economic value, such as reeds, cattails, rush, allium fistulosum and the like.
The method solves the problems that pollutants are not thoroughly decomposed and gradually accumulated, blockage occurs, quick recovery is difficult, the system operation function is reduced, and effluent is difficult to ensure to reach the discharge standard; but can not treat the sewage in the ecological pool with calamus as vegetation.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a method for treating sewage by using an artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
Technical scheme
The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation comprises the following steps:
s1: detecting the ecological pool where the calamus is located by using a topography survey instrument, drawing a corresponding drawing according to the actual topography, and calculating the drawn range by observing the edge position of the drawing at the ecological pool by a worker through visual observation, and marking the drawn range by surrounding the ecological pool with lime powder;
s2: after marking is finished, workers carry out pile point marking every 5 meters around the mark, and excavate the channel which is of the concave type trapezoidal structure along the edge of the ecological pool by using an excavator with a marking line as a path after marking;
s3: paving cement in the channel, uniformly paving plant soft enclosing walls on two sides of the inner wall of the channel after the cement is solidified and molded, and paving a planting area at the bottom of the channel;
s4: filtering a water source of a planting area in a channel;
s5: planting calamus into a planting area, putting aquatic animals in the planting area, and observing problems generated in planting by workers;
s6: and purifying and filtering the water source in the planting area, and circularly flowing the water source and the water source in the ecological pool through the communicated pipeline, so as to filter the water source in the ecological pool.
Preferably, in the step S2, the planting area laid at the bottom of the channel is sequentially laid with a silt area, a stone area, a sand filtering area and an auxiliary support frame from bottom to top.
Preferably, a layer of sand is laid in the sediment region, and the moving speed of the water flow is reduced after the water flow passes through the sand layer, so that impurities in the water flow are captured into the sand;
a layer of stones is laid in the stone-rich area, water flows through gaps among the stones, so that large-particle impurities in water are precipitated, and the impurities in the water are further filtered;
the inner cavity of the sand filtering area is provided with filter screen sand, impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment;
the calamus that will carry out the planting inserts the inner chamber of auxiliary stay frame, and in the even perpendicular sand grain of inserting of grouping, the staff can carry out the sampling test to the calamus in every group planting district after planting an end time, whether the calamus of natural growth in the calamus and the ecological pool of planting in the detection its channel is unanimous.
Preferably, the inner wall of the channel after digging and the communicated pipelines in the ecological pool guide water in the pool into the channel, the separation fence plates are arranged on the inner wall of the channel at intervals, a water storage pool is formed between every two groups of separation fence plates, the communicated pipelines are arranged in each water storage pool, and the communicated pipelines guide the water in the ecological pool into the inner cavity of the water storage pool.
Preferably, the reservoir is divided into a plurality of blocks (floating plant area, submerged plant area, wetland woody plant area, wetland herbaceous plant area).
Preferably, plant the calamus of the same quantity in different blocks, monitor the production process of calamus in real time to make the staff can check the problem that calamus planting in-process was discover.
Preferably, planting aquatic herbaceous plant at the interval of calamus planting in the interval, various aquatic herbaceous plants of difference are big because of the size difference between the different types, and the planting row spacing can be according to the site operation condition fine setting.
Preferably, in step S5, the step of feeding the aquatic animals comprises: by utilizing the principle of biological control and putting in proper filter feeding aquatic animals, the outbreak of the water bloom and the blue algae can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, mosquitoes in the water can be swallowed and the aquatic decay matrix can be absorbed, and the self-purification effect of the water body is achieved.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. use topography reconnaissance appearance to survey the ecological pond at calamus place, and draw the corresponding drawing of department according to the topography of reality, the staff is through the edge position of range estimation drawing in the ecological pond, calculate the scope of drawing and utilize lime powder to encircle the ecological pond around mark, after the mark, the staff is around the mark and is carried out the stake point mark for every 5 meters, the staff uses the excavator to use the mark line to excavate along the edge of ecological pond as the route after the mark, excavate the channel for indent formula trapezium structure.
2. Laying a planting area at the bottom of the channel, and sequentially laying a silt area, a stone area, a sand filtering area and an auxiliary support frame from bottom to top, wherein a layer of sand is laid in the silt area, and the moving speed of water flow is reduced after the water flow passes through the sand layer, so that impurities in the water flow are captured into the sand; a layer of stones is laid in the stone-rich area, water flows through gaps among the stones, so that large-particle impurities in water are precipitated, and the impurities in the water are further filtered; the inner cavity of the sand filtering area is provided with filter screen sand, impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment; the calamus that will carry out the planting inserts the inner chamber of auxiliary stay frame, evenly divides into groups and vertically inserts the sand grain, and the staff can plant the calamus in the district to every group after an end time planting and sample the detection, detects the calamus of planting in its channel whether unanimous with ecological pool natural growth's calamus.
3. The inner wall of the channel after digging is communicated with a pipeline in the ecological pool, water in the pool is guided into the channel, barrier plates are arranged on the inner wall of the channel at intervals, a water storage pool is formed between every two groups of barrier plates, a communication pipeline is arranged in each water storage pool, and the communication pipeline guides the pool water in the ecological pool into an inner cavity of the water storage pool; divide into several blocks (floating plant district, submerged plant district, wetland woody plant district, wetland herbaceous plant district) in the cistern and plant the calamus of the same quantity in the block of difference, monitor the production process of calamus in real time, thereby make the staff can plant the problem of in-process discovery to calamus and inspect, interval planting aquatic herbaceous plant in the interval that calamus was planted, various different aquatic herbaceous plants are big because of the difference in size between the different types, it can finely tune according to the site work condition to plant the row spacing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the sewage treatment method of the artificial wetland using calamus as vegetation of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted", "provided", "fitted/connected", "connected", and the like, are to be interpreted broadly, such as "connected", which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
example 1
Use topography survey appearance to survey the ecological pool at calamus place, and draw the corresponding drawing of department according to the topography of reality, the staff is through the border position of range estimation drawing in the ecological pool, calculate the scope of drawing and utilize lime powder to encircle the ecological pool around mark, after the mark, the staff is around the mark and is put 5 meters and carry out the stake point mark, the staff uses the excavator to use the marking line to excavate along the edge of ecological pool as the route after the mark, excavate the channel for indent formula trapezium structure.
Example 2
Paving cement in the channel, uniformly paving plant soft enclosing walls on two sides of the inner wall of the channel after the cement is solidified and molded, and paving a planting area (a silt area, a stone area, a sand filtering area and an auxiliary support frame are sequentially paved from bottom to top) at the bottom of the channel; a layer of sand grains are laid in the silt region, and the moving speed of the water flow is reduced after the water flow passes through the sand grain layer, so that impurities in the water flow are captured into the sand grains; a layer of stones is laid in the stone-rich area, water flows through gaps among the stones, so that large-particle impurities in water are precipitated, and the impurities in the water are further filtered; the inner cavity of the sand filtering area is provided with filter screen sand, impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment; the calamus that will carry out the planting inserts the inner chamber of auxiliary stay frame, and in the even perpendicular sand grain of inserting of grouping, the staff can carry out the sampling test to the calamus in every group planting district after planting an end time, whether the calamus of natural growth in the calamus and the ecological pool of planting in the detection its channel is unanimous.
Example 3
The inner wall of the channel after digging is communicated with a pipeline in the ecological pool, water in the pool is guided into the channel, barrier plates are arranged on the inner wall of the channel at intervals, a water storage pool is formed between every two groups of barrier plates, a communication pipeline is arranged in each water storage pool, and the communication pipeline guides the pool water in the ecological pool into an inner cavity of the water storage pool; divide into several blocks (floating plant district, submerged plant district, wetland woody plant district, wetland herbaceous plant district) in the cistern and plant the calamus of the same quantity in different blocks, monitor the production process of calamus in real time, thereby make the staff can check the problem that calamus planting in-process was discover, interval planting aquatic herbaceous plant in the interval that calamus was planted, various aquatic herbaceous plants of difference are big because of the difference in size between the different types, plant the row spacing and can finely tune according to the site operation condition.
Example 4
Putting aquatic animals: by utilizing the principle of biological control and throwing in proper filter feeding aquatic animals, the outbreak of the water bloom and the blue algae can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, mosquitoes in water can be swallowed and decay substrates in the water can be absorbed, the self-purification effect of the water body is achieved, and therefore, the sewage in the ecological pool is treated.
4. In summary, the following steps: detecting an ecological pool where the calamus is located by using a terrain surveying instrument, drawing a drawing corresponding to the actual terrain, calculating a drawn range by a worker through visual inspection of the edge position of the drawing on the ecological pool, marking the periphery of the ecological pool by using lime powder, marking pile points every 5 meters around the mark by the worker after marking, digging the ecological pool along the edge of the ecological pool by using an excavator with a marking line as a path after marking, and digging a channel with a concave trapezoidal structure;
5. laying a planting area at the bottom of the channel, and sequentially laying a silt area, a stone area, a sand filtering area and an auxiliary support frame from bottom to top, wherein a layer of sand is laid in the silt area, and the moving speed of water flow is reduced after the water flow passes through the sand layer, so that impurities in the water flow are captured into the sand; a layer of stones is laid in the stone-rich area, water flows through gaps among the stones, so that large-particle impurities in water are precipitated, and the impurities in the water are further filtered; the inner cavity of the sand filtering area is provided with filter screen sand, impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment; the calamus that will carry out the planting inserts the inner chamber of auxiliary stay frame, and in the even perpendicular sand grain of inserting of grouping, the staff can carry out the sampling test to the calamus in every group planting district after planting an end time, whether the calamus of natural growth in the calamus and the ecological pool of planting in the detection its channel is unanimous.
The inner wall of the channel after digging is communicated with a pipeline in the ecological pool, water in the pool is guided into the channel, barrier plates are arranged on the inner wall of the channel at intervals, a water storage pool is formed between every two groups of barrier plates, a communication pipeline is arranged in each water storage pool, and the communication pipeline guides the pool water in the ecological pool into an inner cavity of the water storage pool; divide into several blocks (floating plant district, submerged plant district, wetland woody plant district, wetland herbaceous plant district) in the cistern and plant the calamus of the same quantity in different blocks, monitor the production process of calamus in real time, thereby make the staff can check the problem that calamus planting in-process was discover, interval planting aquatic herbaceous plant in the interval that calamus was planted, various aquatic herbaceous plants of difference are big because of the difference in size between the different types, plant the row spacing and can finely tune according to the site operation condition.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: detecting the ecological pool where the calamus is located by using a topography survey instrument, drawing a corresponding drawing according to the actual topography, and calculating the drawn range by observing the edge position of the drawing at the ecological pool by a worker through visual observation, and marking the drawn range by surrounding the ecological pool with lime powder;
s2: after marking is finished, workers carry out pile point marking every 5 meters around the mark, and excavate the channel which is of the concave trapezoidal structure along the edge of the ecological pool by using an excavator with a marking line as a path after marking;
s3: paving cement in the channel, uniformly paving plant soft enclosing walls on two sides of the inner wall of the channel after the cement is solidified and molded, and paving a planting area at the bottom of the channel;
s4: filtering a water source of a planting area in a channel;
s5: planting calamus into a planting area and putting aquatic animals, and observing problems generated in planting by workers;
s6: the water source in the planting area is purified and filtered, and the water source in the ecological pool circularly flow through the communicated pipeline, so that the water source in the ecological pool is filtered.
2. The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with acorus calamus as vegetation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the planting area is paved at the bottom of the channel, and a silt area, a stone area, a sand filtering area and an auxiliary support frame are paved in sequence from bottom to top.
3. The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with acorus calamus as vegetation as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: a layer of sand grains are laid in the silt region, and the moving speed of the water flow is reduced after the water flow passes through the sand grain layer, so that impurities in the water flow are captured into the sand grains;
a layer of stones is laid in the stone-rich area, water flows through gaps among the stones, so that large-particle impurities in water are precipitated, and the impurities in the water are further filtered;
the inner cavity of the sand filtering area is provided with filter screen sand, impurities in water are further filtered, the adsorption layer removes the impurities remained in the water, and micro substances in the water are adsorbed to further improve the quality of sewage treatment;
the calamus that will carry out the planting inserts the inner chamber of auxiliary stay frame, and in the even perpendicular sand grain of inserting of grouping, the staff can carry out the sampling test to the calamus in every group planting district after planting an end time, whether the calamus of natural growth in the calamus and the ecological pool of planting in the detection its channel is unanimous.
4. The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with acorus calamus as vegetation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the inner wall of a channel after digging and the ecological pool are communicated with each other through a pipeline, water in the pool is guided into the channel, separation barrier plates are arranged on the inner wall of the channel at intervals, a reservoir is formed between every two groups of separation barrier plates, a communicated pipeline is arranged in each reservoir, and pool water in the ecological pool is guided into an inner cavity of the reservoir through the communicated pipeline.
5. The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with acorus calamus as vegetation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water storage tank is divided into a plurality of blocks (a floating plant area, a submerged plant area, a wetland woody plant area and a wetland herbaceous plant area).
6. The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with acorus calamus as vegetation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: plant the calamus of the same quantity in different blocks, monitor the production process of calamus in real time to make the staff can plant the problem of in-process discovery to calamus and inspect.
7. The method for treating sewage by using the artificial wetland with acorus calamus as vegetation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: aquatic herbaceous plants are planted at intervals in the interval of calamus planting, the aquatic herbaceous plants of various differences are big because of the size difference between the different types, and the planting row spacing can be finely adjusted according to the site operation condition.
8. The method for treating sewage of the constructed wetland using acorus calamus as vegetation as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S5, the aquatic animals are thrown: by utilizing the principle of biological control and putting in proper filter feeding aquatic animals, the outbreak of the water bloom and the blue algae can be effectively controlled, meanwhile, mosquitoes in the water can be swallowed and the aquatic decay matrix can be absorbed, and the self-purification effect of the water body is achieved.
CN202211309501.9A 2022-10-25 2022-10-25 Method for treating sewage by artificial wetland with calamus as vegetation Pending CN115520971A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1792886A (en) * 2005-11-18 2006-06-28 桂林工学院 Tech. for treating water from city sewage treating plant by quartz sand using artificial wet land
CN102718367A (en) * 2012-07-09 2012-10-10 深圳市高山水园林环境艺术有限公司 Method and system for ecological wetland treatment of landscape water
CN204310921U (en) * 2014-12-24 2015-05-06 王丽 Cooperative reinforcing denitrogenation dephosphorizing ecological type sewage treatment unit
CN108455787A (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-08-28 苏州农业职业技术学院 A kind of sewage water treatment method based on ecological canal pool agricultural wetland
CN113149331A (en) * 2021-03-04 2021-07-23 北京市水产科学研究所(国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心) Pond bypass circulation water body purification system
CN114368871A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-04-19 江苏徐垦湖西农业发展有限公司 Rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method
CN216336857U (en) * 2021-09-13 2022-04-19 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司 Subsurface flow wetland nitrification and denitrification system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1792886A (en) * 2005-11-18 2006-06-28 桂林工学院 Tech. for treating water from city sewage treating plant by quartz sand using artificial wet land
CN102718367A (en) * 2012-07-09 2012-10-10 深圳市高山水园林环境艺术有限公司 Method and system for ecological wetland treatment of landscape water
CN204310921U (en) * 2014-12-24 2015-05-06 王丽 Cooperative reinforcing denitrogenation dephosphorizing ecological type sewage treatment unit
CN108455787A (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-08-28 苏州农业职业技术学院 A kind of sewage water treatment method based on ecological canal pool agricultural wetland
CN113149331A (en) * 2021-03-04 2021-07-23 北京市水产科学研究所(国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心) Pond bypass circulation water body purification system
CN216336857U (en) * 2021-09-13 2022-04-19 山东省环境保护科学研究设计院有限公司 Subsurface flow wetland nitrification and denitrification system
CN114368871A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-04-19 江苏徐垦湖西农业发展有限公司 Rural ecological wetland environment protection construction method

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