CN115517151A - 一种草坪种植基质及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种草坪种植基质及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115517151A CN115517151A CN202210751382.6A CN202210751382A CN115517151A CN 115517151 A CN115517151 A CN 115517151A CN 202210751382 A CN202210751382 A CN 202210751382A CN 115517151 A CN115517151 A CN 115517151A
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- fertilizer
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Classifications
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种草坪种植基质及其制备方法,属于草坪种植技术领域,按重量份数计,所述草坪种植基质,包括:缓释肥料20‑35份;保水剂10‑50份;土壤改良剂20‑50份;生物杀虫剂1‑2份;助剂0‑10份;所述缓释肥料包括肥料和改性淀粉包膜;所述保水剂为吸水性的凝胶材料;本发明所述缓释肥料可为基质提供长效的养分供应,兼具长效缓释和环保的特点,可有效缓解草坪退化,本发明通过组分调节,得到一种具有良好的透水、透气、防病虫害和保水保墒作用的草坪种植基质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及草坪种植技术领域,具体涉及一种草坪种植基质及其制备方法。
背景技术
草坪具有绿化、美化环境,以及抑制细菌繁殖,吸附空气中的颗粒及有毒有害气体,净化空气,增加湿度,改善小气候等各种作用,作为软景景观中核心的填充与过渡,其表现的优劣对景观起着至关重要的影响。
草坪的生产与建植过程中,离不开草坪种植基质,草坪种植基质起到保水、保肥、提供营养物质,以及固定草坪根系,为草坪生长发育提供场地的作用。优质的草坪种植基质才能生产或建植出优质的草坪。因此,草坪种植基质在生产与建植草坪过程中,显得极为重要。而草坪种植基质的质量与特性,则取决于配制基质的材料、组分、组分比例,以及将其用于坪地制作的工艺方法等方面。
现阶段,草坪建植通常根据不同的施工单位有不同的建植方式,干燥气候及部分地区土质的原因,草坪长势各异的情况非常普遍,其中又以草坪坑洼不平、草坪退化、土壤板结现象最为普遍。
在改善草坪质量和维护草坪持久性,草坪施肥是另一关键的重要因素,施肥可以及时补充草坪土壤中养分供应的不足以使草坪保持较高的质量水平。草坪需肥不同于一般作物,它是以叶子生长为主,需要的氮素较其他作物多,但是氮素供应又不能过多过猛,否则草坪生长太快,不仅增加修剪次数,增加劳动量,还会使观赏品质下降,草坪需要的营养供应特别氮素供应是平稳而持久。国际上比较高档的草坪如高尔夫球场、运动场等多数施用缓释肥,以使草坪生长均匀,并减少频繁施肥对草坪的破坏。但当前的缓释肥多以无法降解的材料制成,其缓释性能良好,但难降解材料易造成环境压力,而以淀粉等生物质为缓释材料则存在降解过快,缓释时间过短,缓释效果较差的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种草坪种植基质及其制备方法。
本发明的目的采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种草坪种植基质,按重量份数计,包括:缓释肥料20-35份;保水剂10-50份;土壤改良剂20-50份;生物杀虫剂1-2份;助剂0-10份;所述缓释肥料包括肥料和改性淀粉包膜。
优选的,所述缓释肥料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)淀粉改性制备
称取淀粉并加入去离子水分散稀释,升温至30-35℃,滴加加入马来酸酐或戊二酸酐的乙醇溶液,保温搅拌反应2-4h,搅拌反应的同时滴加氢氧化钠溶液以保持反应体系的pH在8.5±0.3,保持搅拌条件,滴加加入木聚糖溶液,滴加完成后继续搅拌反应0.5-1h,反应结束后以酸溶液调节反应体系的pH至中性,抽滤分离并以去离子水洗涤,干燥、粉碎后制得所述改性淀粉;其中,所述淀粉与所述酸酐、所述木聚糖的质量比例为10:(3-4):(3-6);
(2)包覆材料制备
在腐殖酸钠的水溶液中加入浓盐酸,充分搅拌至无沉淀析出,分离沉淀并溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中,配制为腐殖酸溶液;加入聚乙烯醇并升温搅拌至完全溶解,加入对甲基苯甲醛和对甲苯磺酰胺,保温搅拌反应3-4h,加入氯化铁继续搅拌反应0.5-1h,加入所述改性淀粉,充分混合后得到包覆材料;其中,所述腐殖酸与所述聚乙烯醇、所述对甲基苯甲醛、所述对甲苯磺酰胺、所述改性淀粉的质量比例为(0.5-0.6):(9-10):(2.4-2.8):(0.8-0.85):10;
(3)缓释制备
将肥料颗粒预热至50-70℃,然后将所述包覆材料喷涂到所述肥料颗粒表面,干燥固化成膜,制得所述缓释肥料。
优选的,所述保水剂为水凝胶材料。
优选的,所述水凝胶材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
分别称取丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺并溶解在去离子水中,加入聚乙二醇和明胶,升温并搅拌至完全溶解,氮气鼓泡脱气,加入过硫酸铵混合,在60-70℃下保温反应0.5-2h,得到凝胶产物;将所述凝胶产物分切后依次以乙酸钠或草酸钠、无水乙醇浸洗,干燥后制得所述水凝胶材料;
其中,所述丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇、明胶和过硫酸铵的质量比例为10:(4-5):(5.8-6):(0.1-0.2):(10-12):(2-4):(0.2-0.3)。
优选的,所述土壤改良剂为天然矿物材料,包括泥炭、褐煤、风化煤、活性炭、石灰石、石膏、蛭石、沸石、珍珠岩、海泡石中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述生物杀虫剂包括苏云金芽孢杆菌、白僵菌和绿僵菌。
优选的,所述助剂包括pH调节剂、微量元素调节剂、增效剂、植物生长调节剂中的一种或多种。
优选的,还包括非缓释肥料1-8份,所述非缓释肥料为有机肥料和/或无机肥料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种所述的草坪种植基质的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按重量份数比例称取各组分备用,将所述保水剂与所述土壤改良剂研磨混合,加入所述生物杀虫剂和所述助剂得到混合料,再将所述混合料与所述缓释肥料以及非缓释肥料混合,混匀制得。
本发明的有益效果为:
针对草坪建植中草坪退化、土壤板结的问题,本发明提供一种草坪种植基质,通过组分调节,具有良好的透水、透气、防病虫害和保水保墒的作用,具体的,缓释肥料为基质提供长效的养分供应,缓解草坪退化,保水剂为土壤提供良好的持水力,土壤改良剂可以有效缓解土壤板结问题,生物杀虫剂则起到防病虫害的作用;进一步的,针对当前的缓释肥以淀粉等生物质为缓释材料则存在降解过快,缓释时间短、缓释效果差的问题,本发明在现有淀粉基础上,通过马来酸酐或戊二酸酐酯化并引入木聚糖改性段,降低淀粉酶或木聚糖酶与糖苷键的接触几率,进而降低了降解速率,且降解产物环保无毒,使其兼具长效缓释和环保的特点,可为基质提供长效的养分供应,同时,本发明以聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,基于腐殖酸与铁离子的高配位活性,提高了淀粉包膜的力学性能,维持了储存、运输以及施用过程中包覆层的完整,保证肥料的缓释性和长效性;更进一步的,在保水剂方面,本发明在现有的丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺水凝胶基础上,通过引入季铵阳离子,再以离子交换方法将氯离子交换为羧酸离子,同时加入聚乙二醇为致孔剂,使得产物不仅含有高吸湿性能的季胺基团和羧酸根基团,还具有明显的多孔结构,进一步提高其水吸附能力;再进一步的,基于所述缓释肥料良好的缓释性能,在施用前期的肥料释量较低,本发明通过复配非缓释肥料保证草坪建植初期的肥料需求,更好地满足草坪种植要求。综上,本发明所述种植基质具有良好的透水透气性,同时可实现长效释肥、防病虫害以及保水保墒,具有广阔的市场应用价值。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种草坪种植基质,包括缓释肥料,所述缓释肥料包括肥料和改性淀粉包膜,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)淀粉改性制备
称取淀粉并加入去离子水分散稀释,升温至30-35℃,滴加加入马来酸酐的乙醇溶液,保温搅拌反应2h,搅拌反应的同时滴加氢氧化钠溶液以保持反应体系的pH在8.5±0.3,保持搅拌条件,滴加加入木聚糖溶液,滴加完成后继续搅拌反应0.5h,反应结束后以酸溶液调节反应体系的pH至中性,抽滤分离并以去离子水洗涤,干燥、粉碎后制得所述改性淀粉;其中,所述淀粉与所述酸酐、所述木聚糖的质量比例为10:3.6:4;
(2)包覆材料制备
在腐殖酸钠的水溶液中加入浓盐酸,充分搅拌至无沉淀析出,分离沉淀并溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中,配制为腐殖酸溶液;加入聚乙烯醇并升温搅拌至完全溶解,加入对甲基苯甲醛和对甲苯磺酰胺,保温搅拌反应3h,加入氯化铁继续搅拌反应1h,加入所述改性淀粉,充分混合后得到包覆材料;其中,所述腐殖酸与所述聚乙烯醇、所述对甲基苯甲醛、所述对甲苯磺酰胺、所述改性淀粉的质量比例为0.4:10:2.6:0.82:10;
(3)缓释制备
将肥料颗粒预热至60℃,然后将所述包覆材料喷涂到所述肥料颗粒表面,干燥固化成膜,制得所述缓释肥料。
实施例2
一种缓释肥料,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在腐殖酸钠的水溶液中加入浓盐酸,充分搅拌至无沉淀析出,分离沉淀并溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中,配制为腐殖酸溶液;加入聚乙烯醇并升温搅拌至完全溶解,加入对甲基苯甲醛和对甲苯磺酰胺,保温搅拌反应3h,加入氯化铁继续搅拌反应1h,加入淀粉,充分混合后得到包覆材料;其中,所述腐殖酸与所述聚乙烯醇、所述对甲基苯甲醛、所述对甲苯磺酰胺、所述淀粉的质量比例为0.4:10:2.6:0.82:10;
(2)缓释制备
将肥料颗粒预热至60℃,然后将所述包覆材料喷涂到所述肥料颗粒表面,干燥固化成膜,制得所述缓释肥料。
实施例3
一种缓释肥料,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)淀粉改性制备
称取淀粉并加入去离子水分散稀释,升温至30-35℃,滴加加入马来酸酐的乙醇溶液,保温搅拌反应2h,搅拌反应的同时滴加氢氧化钠溶液以保持反应体系的pH在8.5±0.3,保持搅拌条件,滴加加入木聚糖溶液,滴加完成后继续搅拌反应0.5h,反应结束后以酸溶液调节反应体系的pH至中性,抽滤分离并以去离子水洗涤,干燥、粉碎后制得所述改性淀粉;其中,所述淀粉与所述酸酐、所述木聚糖的质量比例为10:3.6:4;
(2)包覆材料制备
按1:1的质量比混合所述淀粉和聚乙烯醇,得到包覆材料;
(3)缓释制备
将肥料颗粒预热至60℃,然后将所述包覆材料喷涂到所述肥料颗粒表面,干燥固化成膜,制得所述缓释肥料。
实施例4
一种草坪种植基质,包括保水剂,所述保水剂为水凝胶材料,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
分别称取丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺并溶解在去离子水中,加入聚乙二醇和明胶,升温并搅拌至完全溶解,氮气鼓泡脱气,加入过硫酸铵混合,在60-70℃下保温反应1h,得到凝胶产物;将所述凝胶产物分切后依次以乙酸钠或草酸钠、无水乙醇浸洗,干燥后制得所述水凝胶材料;
其中,所述丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇、明胶和过硫酸铵的质量比例为10:4.5:5.8:0.14:12:3:0.25。
实施例5
一种保水剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
分别称取丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺并溶解在去离子水中,加入聚乙二醇和明胶,升温并搅拌至完全溶解,氮气鼓泡脱气,加入过硫酸铵混合,在60-70℃下保温反应1h,得到凝胶产物;将所述凝胶产物分切后以无水乙醇浸洗,干燥后制得所述水凝胶材料;
其中,所述丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇、明胶和过硫酸铵的质量比例为4.5:5.8:0.14:12:3:0.25。
实施例6
一种草坪种植方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、拌合种植基质
种植土有机物含量对根系的透气性存在至关重要的作用,在深翻时混合草坪种植基质拌合均匀,可以为植物微生物群落的生存提供条件;
所述草坪种植基质按重量份数计,包括:缓释肥料30份;保水剂18份;土壤改良剂35份;生物杀虫剂2份;pH调节剂1份;非缓释肥料5份;
所述缓释肥料包括肥料和改性淀粉包膜,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)淀粉改性制备
称取淀粉并加入去离子水分散稀释,升温至30-35℃,滴加加入马来酸酐的乙醇溶液,保温搅拌反应2h,搅拌反应的同时滴加氢氧化钠溶液以保持反应体系的pH在8.5±0.3,保持搅拌条件,滴加加入木聚糖溶液,滴加完成后继续搅拌反应0.5h,反应结束后以酸溶液调节反应体系的pH至中性,抽滤分离并以去离子水洗涤,干燥、粉碎后制得所述改性淀粉;其中,所述淀粉与所述酸酐、所述木聚糖的质量比例为10:3.6:4;
(2)包覆材料制备
在腐殖酸钠的水溶液中加入浓盐酸,充分搅拌至无沉淀析出,分离沉淀并溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中,配制为腐殖酸溶液;加入聚乙烯醇并升温搅拌至完全溶解,加入对甲基苯甲醛和对甲苯磺酰胺,保温搅拌反应3h,加入氯化铁继续搅拌反应1h,加入所述改性淀粉,充分混合后得到包覆材料;其中,所述腐殖酸与所述聚乙烯醇、所述对甲基苯甲醛、所述对甲苯磺酰胺、所述改性淀粉的质量比例为0.4:10:2.6:0.82:10;
(3)缓释制备
将肥料颗粒预热至60℃,然后将所述包覆材料喷涂到所述肥料颗粒表面,干燥固化成膜,制得所述缓释肥料;
所述保水剂为水凝胶材料,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
分别称取丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺并溶解在去离子水中,加入聚乙二醇和明胶,升温并搅拌至完全溶解,氮气鼓泡脱气,加入过硫酸铵混合,在60-70℃下保温反应1h,得到凝胶产物;将所述凝胶产物分切后依次以乙酸钠或草酸钠、无水乙醇浸洗,干燥后制得所述水凝胶材料;
其中,所述丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇、明胶和过硫酸铵的质量比例为10:4.5:5.8:0.14:12:3:0.25;
所述土壤改良剂为泥炭、沸石、海泡石的混合物,其质量比例为3:2:2;
所述生物杀虫剂为等重量份数的苏云金芽孢杆菌培养液、白僵菌培养液和绿僵菌培养液;
所述pH调节剂为氢氧化钙;
S2、细沙找平
主要通过土壤表层细沙透水层来控制,土壤自身结构以团粒结构为宜,细沙透水层需要根据草坪所在地势坡度进行厚度调整,若地形为平整地形等厚度铺设即可,若存在地形坡度,则需要坡底细沙透水层厚度低于坡顶,这样在灌溉时土坡上方的初期存水量能够得到均衡,从而来控制下层种植土所含蓄水源的量;
S3、基层浸润
在铺植前24小时对坪床进行浸润,防止底层种植土吸收草坪根系的水分,浸润程度以土层通透10cm为宜,待土壤湿度达到踩踏无明显脚印时进行草坪铺植。以保证铺贴后的草坪在湿润的坪床上经定根水更好的结合与恢复
S4、草坪的选择
草坪的建植应采用草坪底部土板均匀一致的草坪卷进行铺设,通常为保证草坪根部的活力与恢复,草坪土板厚度一般控制在1.5-2cm,同时需要采用机切草坪,确保草坪尺寸的统一、厚度均匀、无毛边;
S5、草坪的铺贴控制
草坪的铺植时应注意留缝,草坪之间留缝0.5cm,呈工字形铺设。同时在铺设时应由外围边界向中心收拢的方式进行铺植,避免沿边界出现分割小块。铺植过程若遇长度不足或少量超长,严禁拉扯、挤压草坪,应采取切割方式处理,保留草坪原松紧状态。
实验例
1、缓释性能
为了模拟真实的应用场景,将肥料颗粒和土壤直接混合后测试其缓释性能,具体的,将1g肥料颗粒(实施例1-3)与200g过40目的干土混合均匀,之后将混合物置于塑料瓶中并在室温下培养,为了确保土壤中的微生物进行有氧呼吸,整个培养期间瓶子均做敞口处理,通过定期加入自来水使整个培养期的土壤含水量均维持在30%左右,在一定时间间隔(1、4、7、14、21、28、42和56天)内测定肥料中氮素的累积释放量;测定结果如下:
1天 | 4天 | 7天 | 14天 | 21天 | 28天 | 42天 | 56天 | |
实施例1 | 0.13% | 9.46% | 17.59% | 32.83% | 53.41% | 77.29% | 89.32% | 99.37% |
实施例2 | 2.54% | 19.33% | 47.49% | 81.46% | 100% | - | - | - |
实施例3 | 0.14% | 9.55% | 18.29% | 35.78% | 67.18% | 92.76% | 100% | - |
2、机械性能
将制备的产物通过网孔板筛出粒径在5-6mm的产品,干燥后以万能试验机测定压缩强度,测定结果为重复20次的平均值;测定结果如下:
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
压缩强度/MPa | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.14 |
3、保水性能
将样品分别与过40目筛的干土(m/m=1/100)混合均匀,将混合物置于直径4.5cm、长度15cm的PVC管中,管底部用300目的尼龙网布密封,称重;之后将PVC管垂直悬挂固定在铁架台上,从管顶部缓慢加入自来水,直到底部有水渗出为止,静置一段时间后,待管底部无自来水渗出后,PVC管再次称重,计算单位质量混合干土的持水量;将称重后混合物转移至敞口容器中,静置于室温下,每隔两天称一次重量,计算保水率(持水量与最大持水量之比),测定结果如下:
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括:缓释肥料20-35份;保水剂10-50份;土壤改良剂20-50份;生物杀虫剂1-2份;助剂0-10份;所述缓释肥料包括肥料和改性淀粉包膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,所述缓释肥料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)淀粉改性制备
称取淀粉并加入去离子水分散稀释,升温至30-35℃,滴加加入马来酸酐或戊二酸酐的乙醇溶液,保温搅拌反应2-4h,搅拌反应的同时滴加氢氧化钠溶液以保持反应体系的pH在8.5±0.3,保持搅拌条件,滴加加入木聚糖溶液,滴加完成后继续搅拌反应0.5-1h,反应结束后以酸溶液调节反应体系的pH至中性,抽滤分离并以去离子水洗涤,干燥、粉碎后制得所述改性淀粉;其中,所述淀粉与所述酸酐、所述木聚糖的质量比例为10:(3-4):(3-6);
(2)包覆材料制备
在腐殖酸钠的水溶液中加入浓盐酸,充分搅拌至无沉淀析出,分离沉淀并溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中,配制为腐殖酸溶液;加入聚乙烯醇并升温搅拌至完全溶解,加入对甲基苯甲醛和对甲苯磺酰胺,保温搅拌反应3-4h,加入氯化铁继续搅拌反应0.5-1h,加入所述改性淀粉,充分混合后得到包覆材料;其中,所述腐殖酸与所述聚乙烯醇、所述对甲基苯甲醛、所述对甲苯磺酰胺、所述改性淀粉的质量比例为(0.5-0.6):(9-10):(2.4-2.8):(0.8-0.85):10;
(3)缓释制备
将肥料颗粒预热至50-70℃,然后将所述包覆材料喷涂到所述肥料颗粒表面,干燥固化成膜,制得所述缓释肥料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,所述保水剂为水凝胶材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,所述水凝胶材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
分别称取丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺并溶解在去离子水中,加入聚乙二醇和明胶,升温并搅拌至完全溶解,氮气鼓泡脱气,加入过硫酸铵混合,在60-70℃下保温反应0.5-2h,得到凝胶产物;将所述凝胶产物分切后依次以乙酸钠或草酸钠、无水乙醇浸洗,干燥后制得所述水凝胶材料;
其中,所述丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、聚乙二醇、明胶和过硫酸铵的质量比例为10:(4-5):(5.8-6):(0.1-0.2):(10-12):(2-4):(0.2-0.3)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,所述土壤改良剂为天然矿物材料,包括泥炭、褐煤、风化煤、活性炭、石灰石、石膏、蛭石、沸石、珍珠岩、海泡石中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,所述生物杀虫剂包括苏云金芽孢杆菌、白僵菌和绿僵菌。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,所述助剂包括pH调节剂、微量元素调节剂、增效剂、植物生长调节剂中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种草坪种植基质,其特征在于,还包括非缓释肥料1-8份,所述非缓释肥料为有机肥料和/或无机肥料。
9.根据权利要求1-8之一所述的一种草坪种植基质的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按重量份数比例称取各组分备用,将所述保水剂与所述土壤改良剂研磨混合,加入所述生物杀虫剂和所述助剂得到混合料,再将所述混合料与所述缓释肥料以及非缓释肥料混合,混匀制得。
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