CN115513653B - Two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna, super-surface module and composite antenna structure - Google Patents
Two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna, super-surface module and composite antenna structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna, a super-surface module and a composite antenna structure. The encodable four-beam antenna comprises an electric tuning layer which is positioned at the uppermost layer, wherein the electric tuning layer covers the upper surface of a first insulating layer, a first dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer, a second dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate, and a plurality of metal patches are arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate. The antenna is powered on by adjusting the metal wires, the metal patches and the like at the corresponding positions, so that the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at the corresponding positions are in an excited state or a ground state, full-angle beam scanning can be realized, and the beam scanning angle is large and the flexibility is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna, a super-surface module and a composite antenna structure.
Background
Terahertz technology is a rapidly evolving field that is very widely used, including image scanning, broadband wireless communication, and some military applications. The manual manipulation of terahertz waves is the core of the technology, and a pattern reconfigurable antenna is one of the common methods for controlling terahertz waves. Realizing large-angle beam scanning and even full-angle beam scanning of the terahertz antenna is still a key problem to be solved urgently in the terahertz technical field.
In the prior art, an active element such as a PIN diode or a varactor diode is added in a microwave circuit, so that the regulation and control of the circuit state can be realized, and the antenna can form different beam scanning states. However, conventional diode devices suffer from performance degradation at high frequencies, which has become a bottleneck in the development of high frequency electronic devices. Therefore, another approach is required for realizing the full-angle beam scanning terahertz antenna.
Under the background, some two-dimensional electrically tunable materials with excellent high-frequency performance are reflected into the eye curtains, so that the problem of degradation of the traditional diode in high-frequency performance is solved, and the serious skin effect of the traditional metal materials in the terahertz frequency band is also compensated. The two-dimensional electrotransport materials referred to herein include, but are not limited to, graphene, liquid crystal, ferroelectric materials, and the like.
In the prior art, various antennas based on the materials appear, but the existing antennas based on the two-dimensional electrically tunable materials are still insufficient in full-angle beam scanning capability, so that the full-angle beam scanning terahertz antennas are researched, and flexible control of terahertz beams is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to provide a two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna with flexible full-angle control.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a but two-dimensional electrically tunable material based encoded four wave beam antenna which characterized in that: the electric control device comprises an electric control layer located at the uppermost layer, wherein the electric control layer covers the upper surface of a first insulating layer, a first dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer, a second dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate, and a plurality of metal patches are arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate.
The further technical proposal is that: the electric adjustment layer comprises four first electric adjustment modules which are arranged in a circumferential manner, each first electric adjustment module comprises a first two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate, two first metal wires are arranged in the middle of each first two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate at intervals, a second electric adjustment module is arranged in a structure surrounded by the first electric adjustment modules, each second electric adjustment module comprises an excitation source positioned at the center, four second two-dimensional electric adjustment material plates are arranged on the excitation source in a crisscross manner, one second metal wire is arranged on each second two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate along the length direction of each second two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate, and each second metal wire points to the first electric adjustment material plate between the two first metal wires on the corresponding side; when the antenna works, electromagnetic signals are fed in from an excitation source, and certain electric field bias is provided for the first two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate and the second two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate through the first metal wire, the second metal wire and the metal patch, so that the two-dimensional electric adjustment materials at corresponding positions are in an excited state or a ground state.
Preferably: the first insulating layer is made of silicon dioxide; the first dielectric plate is a doped silicon wafer; the shape of the metal patch is square; the second dielectric plate is used for structural support and is made of foam materials with low dielectric constants; the two-dimensional electrotometric material plate is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
The invention also discloses a super-surface module based on the two-dimensional electrically-controlled material, which is characterized in that: the metal resonance layer covers the upper surface of a third two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate, a second insulating layer is arranged on the lower side of the third two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate, a third dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the second insulating layer, a fourth dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate, and a third metal wire is arranged on the front side and the rear side between the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate respectively.
The further technical proposal is that: the metal resonance layer comprises a rectangular resonance ring, four sides in the rectangular resonance ring are respectively connected with a fourth metal wire, the inner side end part of each fourth metal wire is respectively connected with a convex resonance block, the inner side of each convex resonance block is provided with a convex part extending towards the center of the metal resonance layer, and the convex resonance blocks are not contacted; through the metal resonant layer and the third metal wire, a certain electric field bias can be provided for the third two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate, so that the two-dimensional electrically-tunable material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state, and the spatial filtering of electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency band is realized.
The further technical proposal is that: the second insulating layer is made of silicon dioxide material; the third dielectric plate is manufactured by using a doped silicon wafer; the fourth dielectric plate is mainly used for structural support and is made of foam materials with low dielectric constants; the third two-dimensional electrotransport material plate is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
The invention also discloses an antenna structure based on the two-dimensional electrically tunable material, which is characterized by comprising the encodable four-beam antenna and a plurality of super-surface modules, wherein the super-surface modules are positioned around the encodable four-beam antenna, a metal resonant layer in the super-surface modules is arranged towards the encodable four-beam antenna, and a gap part between the encodable four-beam antenna and the super-surface modules is filled with a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant as a support.
Preferably, twelve super-surface modules are provided, and three super-surface modules are provided along each of four sides of the encodable four-beam antenna.
The invention also discloses a novel antenna structure based on the dipole antenna and the super-surface structure, which is characterized in that: the ultra-surface antenna comprises a plurality of ultra-surface modules and a dipole antenna, wherein the ultra-surface modules are arranged around the dipole antenna in a circumferential manner, and a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant is filled in a gap part between the dipole antenna and the ultra-surface antenna housing to serve as a support.
Preferably, three circles of the super surface modules are arranged from top to bottom, 12 super surface modules are arranged in each circle, and 36 super surface modules are arranged in total.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: according to the antenna, the two-dimensional electric adjustment material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state by adjusting the energization of the metal wire, the metal patch and the like at the corresponding position, so that the full-angle beam scanning can be realized, the beam scanning angle is large, and the flexibility is high; the new vitality of the two-dimensional electrically-tunable material is given by a digital coding mode, and the possibility is provided for the FPGA control of the future full-angle beam scanning antenna; the invention has simple and compact structure, simple design process, low section and light weight, and is convenient for the conformal structure of the wireless communication system; in addition, various structures in the invention are microstrip structures, the processing technology is mature, the reliability is high, and the application range is wide.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a three-dimensional structure of a encodable four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a encodable four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of the encodable four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of beam scanning of the encodable four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a three-dimensional structure of a super surface module according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a super surface module according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a subsurface module according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a reflection coefficient characteristic curve of a super surface module according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a composite antenna structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a top view of a composite antenna structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a beam scanning schematic diagram of a composite antenna structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a novel composite antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of another angle of the novel composite antenna structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a top view of a novel composite antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a beam scanning schematic diagram of a novel composite antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. an electric adjusting layer; 101. a first two-dimensional electrically tunable-material plate; 102. a first metal line; 103. a second two-dimensional electrically-tunable-material plate; 104. a second metal line; 105. an excitation source; 2. a first insulating layer; 3. a first dielectric plate; 4. a metal patch; 5. a second dielectric plate; 6. a metal resonance layer; 601. a resonant ring; 602. a fourth metal line; 603. a convex resonator mass; 7. a third two-dimensional electrically-adjusting material plate; 8. a second insulating layer; 9. a third dielectric plate; 10. a third metal line; 11. a fourth dielectric plate; 12. a dipole antenna.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention discloses a two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna, which mainly comprises four layers, specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the encodable four-beam antenna comprises an electrically tunable layer 1 positioned at the uppermost layer, the electrically tunable layer 1 is covered on the upper surface of a first insulating layer 2, a first dielectric plate 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer 2, a second dielectric plate 5 is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate 3, and a plurality of metal patches 4 are arranged between the first dielectric plate 3 and the second dielectric plate 5.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the electric tuning layer 1 includes four first electric tuning modules arranged in a circumferential manner, the first electric tuning modules are in a rectangular structure as a whole, each first electric tuning module includes a first two-dimensional electric tuning material plate 101, and two first metal wires 102 are arranged in the middle of each first two-dimensional electric tuning material plate 101 at intervals; the second electric tuning module is arranged in the structure surrounded by the first electric tuning modules, the second electric tuning module comprises an excitation source 105 positioned at the center, four second two-dimensional electric tuning material plates 103 are arranged on the excitation source 105 in a crisscross manner, and a second metal wire 104 is arranged on each second two-dimensional electric tuning material plate 103 along the length direction of the second two-dimensional electric tuning material plate; the second metal wire 104 points to the first electrically tunable-material plate 101 between the two first metal wires 102 on the corresponding side; when the antenna works, electromagnetic signals are fed in from an excitation source 105, and certain electric field bias is provided for the first two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate 101 and the second two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate 103 through the first metal wire 102, the second metal wire 104 and the metal patch 4, so that the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at corresponding positions are in an excited state or a ground state.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a two-dimensional electrically tunable-material-based encodable four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which two-dimensional electrically tunable-materials at different positions are numbered alphabetically for convenience of distinction, wherein a region between two first metal wires 102 of one first two-dimensional electrically tunable-material plate 101 is p 1 The areas between the two first metal wires 102 of the other first two-dimensional electrically tunable-material plate 101 are p 2 、 p 3 And p 4 . Wherein the two second two-dimensional electrically tunable-material plates 103 have regions s respectively 1 Sum s 2 . Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of beam scanning of the encodable four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and four corresponding digital encodings are shown in table 1, where "0" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in a ground state, and "1" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in an excited state.
TABLE 1
The working principle of the four-beam antenna of the present invention is briefly described as follows: taking beam 1 as an example, when an electromagnetic signal is fed in from the excitation source 105, the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at the S2 and P2 positions are in an excited state, and the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at the rest positions are in a ground state under the regulation of electric field bias. At this time, the two-dimensional tunable material of S2 may be regarded as an omni-directional microstrip dipole antenna, and the two-dimensional tunable material of P2 may be regarded as a reflector, based on which the radiation beam of the antenna is directed in the direction P4, i.e. beam 1 in fig. 4. For beam 2, when electromagnetic signals are fed in from the excitation source 105, the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at S1 and P1 are in an excited state, and the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at the rest positions are in a ground state under the regulation of electric field bias. At this time, the two-dimensional tunable material of S1 may be regarded as an omni-directional microstrip dipole antenna, and the two-dimensional tunable material of P1 may be regarded as a reflector, based on which the radiation beam of the antenna is directed in the direction P3, i.e. beam 2 in fig. 4. Similarly, the remaining two beams may be obtained.
The first insulating layer 2 may be made of a silicon dioxide material, or may be made of another alternative insulating material. The first dielectric plate 3 may be made of doped silicon, or may be made of other alternative dielectric materials. The metal patch 4 may be square, or may be other shapes. The second dielectric plate 5 is mainly used for structural support, and is generally made of foam material with low dielectric constant, and other dielectric materials can be selected according to the situation. The two-dimensional electrotransport material includes, but is not limited to, graphene, liquid crystal, ferroelectric material, and the like. In addition, the encodable four-beam antenna can operate in a terahertz frequency band (0.1 THz-10 THz), including but not limited to WR 1-WR 10 frequency bands.
Example two
The antenna in the above-described embodiment realizes beam scanning in only four directions, and although almost the entire horizontal direction is covered, it is still necessary to further improve the beam scanning capability thereof. This is achieved by loading an additional electromagnetic super-surface form around the four-beam antenna.
As shown in fig. 5-6, the embodiment of the invention discloses a super-surface module based on two-dimensional electrically tunable materials, which mainly comprises a five-layer structure, wherein the super-surface module comprises a metal resonant layer 6, the metal resonant layer 6 covers the upper surface of a third two-dimensional electrically tunable material plate 7, a second insulating layer 8 is arranged on the lower side of the third two-dimensional electrically tunable material plate 7, a third dielectric plate 9 is arranged on the lower surface of the second insulating layer 8, a fourth dielectric plate 11 is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate 9, and a third metal wire 10 is respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side between the third dielectric plate 9 and the fourth dielectric plate 11.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the metal resonant layer 6 includes a resonant ring 601, four sides in the resonant ring 601 are respectively connected with a fourth metal wire 602, an inner end of each fourth metal wire 602 is respectively connected with a convex resonant block 603, a protruding portion extending toward the center of the metal resonant layer 6 is formed on the inner side of the convex resonant block 603, and the convex resonant blocks 603 are not contacted with each other; through the metal resonant layer 6 and the third metal wire 10, a certain electric field bias can be provided for the third two-dimensional electrically tunable material plate 7, so that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state, and based on the structure, the spatial filtering of electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency band is realized.
Fig. 8 shows a reflection coefficient characteristic curve of a super surface based on a two-dimensional electrotometer under different electrical regulation according to a second embodiment of the present invention. When the third two-dimensional electrically tunable-material plate 7 is in the ground state, the electromagnetic passband of the subsurface is between f4 and f5, and when the intensity of the modulating electric field is gradually increased, the electromagnetic passband of the subsurface gradually moves toward the f8 band. When the modulated electric field reaches a certain intensity, the third two-dimensional electrically-modulated material plate 7 reaches an excitation state expected by us, and the super surface presents a thorough electromagnetic stop band characteristic between f4 and f5 at the moment, and can reflect electromagnetic waves.
Further, the second insulating layer 8 may be made of a silicon dioxide material, or may be made of another alternative insulating material. The third dielectric plate 9 may be doped silicon wafer, or other alternative dielectric materials may be used. The fourth dielectric plate 11 is mainly used for structural support, and is generally made of a foam material with a low dielectric constant, and may be made of other dielectric materials according to circumstances. Preferably, the two-dimensional electrotransport material includes, but is not limited to, graphene, liquid crystal, ferroelectric material, and the like. It should be noted that the super surface module may operate in a terahertz frequency band (0.1 thz-10 thz), including but not limited to WR 1-WR 10 frequency band.
Example III
The embodiment of the invention discloses a composite antenna structure based on two-dimensional electrically tunable materials, which combines a four-beam antenna of an embodiment I and a super-surface module of an embodiment II, wherein one super-surface module is arranged, a plurality of super-surface modules are arranged, the super-surface modules are positioned around the four-beam antenna, a metal resonant layer 6 in the super-surface modules is arranged towards the four-beam antenna, and a dielectric material with lower dielectric constant is filled in a gap part between the four-beam antenna and the super-surface module to serve as a support, such as a foam material. The antenna structure realizes the performance expansion from four beams to twelve beams. As shown in fig. 9, a three-dimensional structure of the new antenna is shown. The antenna is formed by loading twelve blocks of the second super-surface unit of the embodiment around the four-beam antenna of the first embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a top view of the antenna structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention, in which two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at different positions are numbered with letters for convenience of distinction. The working principle of the new antenna is briefly described as follows: taking beam 1 as an example, two-dimensional electric tuning materials at S2 and P2 on the middle four-beam antenna are in an excited state, and two-dimensional electric tuning materials at other positions are in a ground state through electric field bias regulation. At this time, the middle four-beam antenna is in a beam-one operating state. For the twelve-block super-surface structure at the periphery, when the two-dimensional electroregulating material at the F11 position is in a ground state, the two-dimensional electroregulating materials at the rest positions are in an excited state. At this time, only the super surface unit at F11 is almost completely transparent to electromagnetic waves, while the super surface units at the remaining positions are almost completely reflective to electromagnetic waves. Based on the above principle, the new antenna can realize beam pointing in the F11 direction, i.e. beam 1 in fig. 11. Similarly, the antenna may also produce beams in the remaining eleven directions, as shown in fig. 11. The corresponding digital codes are shown in Table 2, wherein a "0" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in the ground state, and a "1" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in the excited state.
TABLE 2
It should be noted that, the antenna structure provided in the third embodiment only loads one turn of the super-surface module, and as a further improvement scheme, the number of super-surface units can be increased according to different application requirements. Preferably, the antenna structure can operate in a terahertz frequency band (0.1 THz-10 THz), including but not limited to WR 1-WR 10 frequency band.
Example IV
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, a fourth embodiment of the present invention discloses a novel composite antenna structure based on a dipole antenna and a super surface structure. In the central position of the radome formed by the above-mentioned super-surfaces of the second embodiment, a dipole antenna 12 is loaded, and the radiation of the dipole antenna can be affected by the surrounding super-surfaces, preferably, three circles of super-surface modules are arranged from top to bottom (axially), and each circle is provided with 12, and 36 total circles are arranged. The gap between the dipole antenna and the super-surface radome is partially filled with a dielectric material having a relatively low dielectric constant, such as a foam material, as a support.
Fig. 14 is a top view of a novel antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at different positions are numbered with letters for convenience of distinction. The working principle of the new antenna is briefly described as follows: taking a beam I as an example, through electric field bias regulation, the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at the five positions of D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 are in an excited state, the corresponding super-surface structures are almost completely reflected for electromagnetic waves, the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at the other positions are in a ground state, and the corresponding super-surface structures are almost completely transmitted for the electromagnetic waves. Based on the above principle, the new antenna can achieve beam pointing in the direction D10, i.e. beam 1 in fig. 15. Similarly, the antenna may also produce beams in the remaining eleven directions, as shown in fig. 15. The corresponding digital codes are shown in Table 3, wherein a "0" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in the ground state, and a "1" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in the excited state.
TABLE 3 Table 3
In the fourth embodiment, only two-dimensional electrically tunable materials for exciting five positions are selected when each beam is generated, which is a result of preliminary optimization. According to different conditions, two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at one, three, seven, nine and eleven positions can be selectively excited. Based on realizing the beam pointing direction D10, D3, D4 and D5, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7, D12, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 and D8, D11, D12, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8 and D9 can be excited.
The antenna structure provided in the fourth embodiment only loads one circle of super-surface structure in the radial direction, and as a further improved scheme, the number of super-surface units can be increased according to different application requirements. Preferably, the novel antenna structure can work in a terahertz frequency band (0.1 THz-10 THz), including but not limited to WR 1-WR 10 frequency band.
According to the antenna, the two-dimensional electric adjustment material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state by adjusting the energization of the metal wire, the metal patch and the like at the corresponding position, so that the full-angle beam scanning can be realized, the beam scanning angle is large, and the flexibility is high; the new vitality of the two-dimensional electrically-tunable material is given by a digital coding mode, and the possibility is provided for the FPGA control of the future full-angle beam scanning antenna; the invention has simple and compact structure, simple design process, low section and light weight, and is convenient for the conformal structure of the wireless communication system; in addition, various structures in the invention are microstrip structures, the processing technology is mature, the reliability is high, and the application range is wide.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a but two-dimensional electrically tunable material based encoded four wave beam antenna which characterized in that: the high-voltage power supply comprises an electric tuning layer (1) positioned at the uppermost layer, wherein the electric tuning layer (1) is covered on the upper surface of a first insulating layer (2), a first dielectric plate (3) is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer (2), a second dielectric plate (5) is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate (3), and a plurality of metal patches (4) are arranged between the first dielectric plate (3) and the second dielectric plate (5); the electric adjustment layer (1) comprises four first electric adjustment modules which are arranged in a circumferential manner, each first electric adjustment module comprises a first two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate (101), two first metal wires (102) are arranged in the middle of each first two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate (101) at intervals, a second electric adjustment module is arranged in a structure surrounded by the first electric adjustment modules, each second electric adjustment module comprises an excitation source (105) positioned in the center, four second two-dimensional electric adjustment material plates (103) are arranged on the excitation source (105) in a crisscross manner, each second two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate (103) is provided with a second metal wire (104) along the length direction of the second two-dimensional electric adjustment material plate, the second metal wires (104) point to the first two-dimensional electric adjustment material plates (101) between the two first metal wires (102) on the corresponding side, and the first metal wires (102) are parallel to the short sides of the first two-dimensional electric adjustment material plates (101) and have the same length; when the antenna works, electromagnetic signals are fed in from an excitation source (105), and certain electric field bias is provided for the first two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate (101) and the second two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate (103) through the first metal wire (102), the second metal wire (104) and the metal patch (4), so that the two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials at corresponding positions are in an excited state or a ground state.
2. The two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first insulating layer (2) is made of silicon dioxide; the first dielectric plate (3) is a doped silicon wafer; the shape of the metal patch (4) is square; the second dielectric plate (5) is used for structural support and is made of foam materials with low dielectric constants; the two-dimensional electrotometric material plate is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
3. The utility model provides a super surface module based on two-dimensional electrically tunable material which characterized in that: the metal resonance layer (6) is covered on the upper surface of a third two-dimensional electric tuning material plate (7), a second insulating layer (8) is arranged on the lower side of the third two-dimensional electric tuning material plate (7), a third dielectric plate (9) is arranged on the lower surface of the second insulating layer (8), a fourth dielectric plate (11) is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate (9), and a third metal wire (10) is respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side between the third dielectric plate (9) and the fourth dielectric plate (11);
the metal resonance layer (6) comprises a resonance ring (601), the midpoints of four sides in the resonance ring (601) are connected with a fourth metal wire (602), the inner side end part of each fourth metal wire (602) is respectively connected with a convex resonance block (603), a protruding part extending towards the center of the metal resonance layer (6) is formed on the inner side of each convex resonance block (603), and the convex resonance blocks (603) are not contacted; through the metal resonant layer (6) and the third metal wire (10), a certain electric field bias can be provided for the third two-dimensional electrically tunable material plate (7) so as to enable the two-dimensional electrically tunable material at the corresponding position to be in an excited state or a ground state, and the spatial filtering of electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency band is realized.
4. A two-dimensional electrically tunable-material-based subsurface module as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the second insulating layer (8) is made of silicon dioxide material; the third dielectric plate (9) is made of doped silicon wafers; the fourth dielectric plate (11) is mainly used for structural support, and is made of foam materials with low dielectric constants; the third two-dimensional electrotransport material plate (7) is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
5. A composite antenna structure based on two-dimensional electrically tunable materials, comprising the encodable four-beam antenna according to any one of claims 1-2, and further comprising a plurality of super-surface modules according to any one of claims 3-4, wherein the super-surface modules are located around the encodable four-beam antenna, and a metal resonant layer (6) in the super-surface modules is arranged towards the encodable four-beam antenna, and a gap part between the encodable four-beam antenna and the super-surface modules is filled with a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant as a support.
6. The two-dimensional electrically tunable material based composite antenna structure of claim 5, wherein twelve of the super-surface modules are provided, three along each of the four sides of the encodable four-beam antenna.
7. Novel composite antenna structure based on dipole antenna and super surface structure, its characterized in that: the super-surface module comprises a plurality of super-surface modules as claimed in any one of claims 3-4 and a dipole antenna (12), wherein the super-surface modules are arranged to be circumferentially arranged around the dipole antenna (12), and a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant is filled in a gap part between the dipole antenna (12) and the super-surface antenna housing to serve as a support.
8. The novel composite antenna structure based on dipole antennas and super surface structures according to claim 7, wherein: the super surface module is provided with three circles from top to bottom, and every circle is provided with 12, and is provided with 36 altogether.
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