CN115513653A - Two-dimensional electric tuning material-based encodable four-beam antenna, super-surface module and composite antenna structure - Google Patents
Two-dimensional electric tuning material-based encodable four-beam antenna, super-surface module and composite antenna structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115513653A CN115513653A CN202211302695.XA CN202211302695A CN115513653A CN 115513653 A CN115513653 A CN 115513653A CN 202211302695 A CN202211302695 A CN 202211302695A CN 115513653 A CN115513653 A CN 115513653A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional electric adjusting material-based encodable four-beam antenna, a super-surface module and a composite antenna structure. The four-beam antenna capable of being coded comprises an electric adjusting layer located on the uppermost layer, the electric adjusting layer covers the upper surface of a first insulating layer, a first dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer, a second dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate, and a plurality of metal patches are arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate. This application antenna is through adjusting the power-on of the metal wire and the metal patch etc. of relevant position to make the two-dimensional electricity of relevant position transfer material be in excited state or ground state, can realize full angle beam scanning, beam scanning angle is big, the flexibility is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a two-dimensional electric adjusting material-based encodable four-beam antenna, a super-surface module and a composite antenna structure.
Background
Terahertz technology is a rapidly developing field, and has a wide range of applications, including image scanning, broadband wireless communication, and some military applications. The manual manipulation of terahertz waves is the core of the technology, and a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is one of common methods for controlling terahertz waves. The realization of large-angle beam scanning and even full-angle beam scanning of the terahertz antenna still remains a key problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of terahertz.
In the prior art, active elements, such as PIN diodes or varactor diodes, are added to a microwave circuit to regulate and control the circuit state, so that the antenna forms different beam scanning states. However, the conventional diode device has a performance degradation at high frequency, which has been a bottleneck in the development of high frequency electronic devices. Therefore, another approach is needed for realizing the full-angle beam scanning terahertz antenna.
Under the background, some two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials with excellent high-frequency performance are reflected in an eye curtain, so that the problem of high-frequency performance degradation of the traditional diode is solved, and the serious skin effect of the traditional metal material in a terahertz frequency band is compensated. The two-dimensional electric tuning material referred to herein includes but is not limited to graphene, liquid crystal, ferroelectric material, etc.
In the prior art, various antennas based on the materials appear, but the full-angle beam scanning capability of the existing antenna based on the two-dimensional electric tuning material is still insufficient, so that it is necessary to research the full-angle beam scanning terahertz antenna and realize flexible control on terahertz beams.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide a two-dimensional electric adjusting material-based encodable four-beam antenna with flexible full-angle control.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a four wave beam antenna of codeable based on material is transferred to two-dimentional electricity which characterized in that: the electric tuning layer is covered on the upper surface of a first insulating layer, a first dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer, a second dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate, and a plurality of metal patches are arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the electric power adjusting layer comprises four first electric power adjusting modules which are arranged in a circumferential manner, each first electric power adjusting module comprises a first two-dimensional electric power adjusting material plate, two first metal wires are arranged at intervals in the middle of each first two-dimensional electric power adjusting material plate, a second electric power adjusting module is arranged in a structure enclosed by the first electric power adjusting modules, each second electric power adjusting module comprises an excitation source located in the center, four second two-dimensional electric power adjusting material plates are arranged on the excitation source in a crossed manner, a second metal wire is arranged on each second two-dimensional electric power adjusting material plate along the length direction of the second two-dimensional electric power adjusting material plate, and the second metal wire points to the first electric power adjusting material plate between the two first metal wires on the corresponding side; when the antenna works, an electromagnetic signal is fed in from an excitation source, and a certain electric field bias is provided for the first two-dimensional electric tuning material plate and the second two-dimensional electric tuning material plate through the first metal wire, the second metal wire and the metal patch, so that the two-dimensional electric tuning material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state.
Preferably: the first insulating layer is made of silicon dioxide; the first dielectric plate is a doped silicon wafer; the shape of the metal patch is square; the second dielectric plate is used for structural support and is made of a foam material with a lower dielectric constant; the two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
The invention also discloses a super-surface module based on the two-dimensional electric adjusting material, which is characterized in that: the material plate comprises a metal resonance layer, wherein the metal resonance layer covers the upper surface of a third two-dimensional electric tuning material plate, a second insulating layer is arranged on the lower side of the third two-dimensional electric tuning material plate, a third dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the second insulating layer, a fourth dielectric plate is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate, and a third metal wire is respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side between the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the metal resonance layer comprises a rectangular resonance ring, four sides in the rectangular resonance ring are respectively connected with a fourth metal wire, the end part of the inner side of each fourth metal wire is respectively connected with a convex resonance block, a convex part extending to the center of the metal resonance layer is formed on the inner side of each convex resonance block, and the convex resonance blocks are not in contact with each other; through the metal resonance layer and the third metal wire, a certain electric field bias can be provided for the third two-dimensional electric tuning material plate, so that the two-dimensional electric tuning material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state, and the spatial filtering of the electromagnetic wave of the specific frequency band is realized.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the second insulating layer is made of a silicon dioxide material; the third dielectric plate is made of a doped silicon wafer; the fourth dielectric plate is mainly used for structural support and is made of foam materials with low dielectric constants; the third two-dimensional electric adjusting material plate is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
The invention also discloses an antenna structure based on the two-dimensional electric tilt material, which is characterized by comprising the four-beam codeable antenna and a plurality of super-surface modules, wherein the super-surface modules are positioned around the four-beam codeable antenna, a metal resonance layer in each super-surface module is arranged towards the four-beam codeable antenna, and a gap between the four-beam codeable antenna and the super-surface modules is partially filled with a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant to serve as a support.
Preferably, twelve super-surface modules are arranged, and three super-surface modules are arranged along four edges of the four-beam antenna capable of encoding.
The invention also discloses a novel antenna structure based on the dipole antenna and the super-surface structure, which is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a plurality of super-surface modules and a dipole antenna, wherein the super-surface modules are arranged in a circumferential manner and are arranged around the dipole antenna, and a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant is filled in a gap part between the dipole antenna and the super-surface antenna cover to serve as a support.
Preferably, the super surface module is provided with three circles from top to bottom, each circle is provided with 12 circles, and the total number of the circles is 36.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: according to the antenna, the two-dimensional electrically-tunable material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state by adjusting the power-up of the metal wire, the metal patch and the like at the corresponding position, full-angle beam scanning can be realized, the beam scanning angle is large, and the flexibility is high; the two-dimensional electric tilt material is endowed with new activity through a digital coding form, and a possibility is provided for FPGA control of a full-angle beam scanning antenna in the future; the invention has simple and compact structure, simple design process, low profile and light weight, and is convenient for the conformation of the structure of a wireless communication system; in addition, various structures in the invention are microstrip structures, and the processing technology is mature, high in reliability and wide in application range.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a three-dimensional structure of the four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of an exemplary four-beam antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of the four-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of beam scanning of the four-beam antenna according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a three-dimensional structure of a super-surface module according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a super surface module in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a super-surface module according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a reflection coefficient characteristic of the super-surface module according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a composite antenna structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a top view of a composite antenna structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic beam scanning diagram of a composite antenna structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a novel composite antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a three-dimensional structural view of another angle of the novel composite antenna structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a top view of a novel composite antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic view of beam scanning of the novel composite antenna structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. electrically adjusting the layer; 101. a first two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate; 102. a first metal line; 103. a second two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate; 104. a second metal line; 105. an excitation source; 2. a first insulating layer; 3. a first dielectric plate; 4. a metal patch; 5. a second dielectric plate; 6. a metal resonance layer; 601. a resonant ring; 602. a fourth metal line; 603. a convex resonator block; 7. a third two-dimensional electrically-tunable material plate; 8. a second insulating layer; 9. a third dielectric plate; 10. a third metal line; 11. a fourth dielectric plate; 12. a dipole antenna.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention discloses a two-dimensional electric-tuning-material-based encodable four-beam antenna, which mainly comprises four layers, specifically, as shown in fig. 1-2, the encodable four-beam antenna comprises an electric tuning layer 1 positioned on the uppermost layer, the electric tuning layer 1 covers the upper surface of a first insulating layer 2, a first dielectric plate 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer 2, a second dielectric plate 5 is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate 3, and a plurality of metal patches 4 are arranged between the first dielectric plate 3 and the second dielectric plate 5.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the electrical regulation layer 1 includes four first electrical regulation modules arranged in a circumferential manner, the first electrical regulation modules are integrally rectangular in structure, each first electrical regulation module includes a first two-dimensional electrical regulation material plate 101, and two first metal wires 102 are arranged at intervals in the middle of each first two-dimensional electrical regulation material plate 101; a second electric tilt module is arranged in a structure enclosed by the first electric tilt modules, the second electric tilt module comprises an excitation source 105 positioned in the center, four second two-dimensional electric tilt material plates 103 are arranged on the excitation source 105 in a cross manner, and a second metal wire 104 is arranged on each second two-dimensional electric tilt material plate 103 along the length direction of the second two-dimensional electric tilt material plate; the second metal wire 104 points to the first electrically tunable material plate 101 between the two first metal wires 102 on the corresponding side; when the antenna works, an electromagnetic signal is fed in from the excitation source 105, and a certain electric field bias is provided to the first two-dimensional electrically tunable material plate 101 and the second two-dimensional electrically tunable material plate 103 through the first metal wire 102, the second metal wire 104 and the metal patch 4, so that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the encodable four-beam antenna based on the two-dimensional electrically tunable material according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at different positions are numbered in order to facilitate distinction, and an area between two first metal lines 102 of one first two-dimensional electrically tunable material plate 101 is p 1 The areas between the two first metal lines 102 of the other first two-dimensional electrically tunable material plates 101 are p respectively 2 、 p 3 And p 4 . The areas of the two second two-dimensional electric tilt material plates 103 are s 1 And s 2 . Fig. 4 is a schematic view of beam scanning of the four-beam antenna capable of encoding according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and corresponding four digital codes are shown in table 1, where "0" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in a ground state, and "1" represents that the two-dimensional electrically tunable material is in an excited state.
TABLE 1
The working principle of the four-beam antenna according to the invention is briefly described as follows: taking the beam 1 as an example, when an electromagnetic signal is fed from the excitation source 105, the two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at S2 and P2 are in an excited state and the two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at the rest positions are in a ground state through the regulation and control of electric field bias. At this time, the two-dimensional electrically tunable material of S2 may be regarded as an omnidirectional microstrip dipole antenna, and the two-dimensional electrically tunable material of P2 may be regarded as a reflector, and based on this principle, the radiation beam of the antenna will point to the direction of P4, i.e. beam 1 in fig. 4. For the beam 2, when an electromagnetic signal is fed from the excitation source 105, the two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at the positions S1 and P1 are in an excited state and the two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at the rest positions are in a ground state through the regulation and control of electric field bias. At this time, the two-dimensional electrically tunable material of S1 may be regarded as an omnidirectional microstrip dipole antenna, and the two-dimensional electrically tunable material of P1 may be regarded as a reflector, based on which principle, the radiation beam of the antenna will point to the direction of P3, i.e. beam 2 in fig. 4. Similarly, the remaining two beams can be obtained.
The first insulating layer 2 may be formed using a silicon dioxide material, or may be formed using another alternative insulating material. The first dielectric plate 3 can be made of a doped silicon wafer, and can also be made of other alternative dielectric materials. The metal patch 4 may be square or may have other shapes. The second dielectric plate 5 is mainly used for structural support, and is generally made of a foam material with a low dielectric constant, or other dielectric materials can be selected according to the situation. The two-dimensional electric tuning material comprises but is not limited to graphene, liquid crystal, ferroelectric material and the like. In addition, the four-beam antenna can work in a terahertz frequency band (0.1THz to 10THz), including but not limited to a WR1 to WR10 frequency band.
Example two
The antenna in the first embodiment described above only realizes beam scanning in four directions, and although almost the entire horizontal direction is covered, it is still necessary to further improve its beam scanning capability. In this regard, this objective is achieved by loading an additional electromagnetic metasurface on the periphery of the four-beam antenna.
As shown in fig. 5-6, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a super-surface module based on a two-dimensional electrical modulation material, where the surface module mainly includes five layers of structures, the super-surface module includes a metal resonance layer 6, the metal resonance layer 6 covers an upper surface of a third two-dimensional electrical modulation material plate 7, a second insulating layer 8 is disposed on a lower side of the third two-dimensional electrical modulation material plate 7, a third dielectric plate 9 is disposed on a lower surface of the second insulating layer 8, a fourth dielectric plate 11 is disposed on a lower surface of the third dielectric plate 9, and a third metal wire 10 is disposed on each of a front side and a rear side between the third dielectric plate 9 and the fourth dielectric plate 11.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the metal resonance layer 6 includes a resonance ring 601, four sides in the resonance ring 601 are respectively connected with a fourth metal wire 602, an inner end of each fourth metal wire 602 is respectively connected with a convex resonance block 603, a convex part extending to the center of the metal resonance layer 6 is formed on an inner side of the convex resonance block 603, and the convex resonance blocks 603 are not in contact with each other; through the metal resonance layer 6 and the third metal wire 10, a certain electric field bias can be provided for the third two-dimensional electric tuning material plate 7, so that the two-dimensional electric tuning material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state.
As shown in fig. 8, a reflection coefficient characteristic curve of a super surface based on a two-dimensional electrically tunable material provided in the second embodiment of the present invention under different electrical control is provided. When the third two-dimensional material for electrically tunable material 7 is in the ground state, the electromagnetic pass band of the super surface is between f4 and f5, and when the intensity of the modulation electric field is gradually increased, the electromagnetic pass band of the super surface gradually moves to the f8 frequency band. When the modulation electric field reaches a certain intensity, the third two-dimensional material 7 reaches the desired excited state, and the super surface exhibits a complete electromagnetic stop band characteristic between f4 and f5, so as to reflect electromagnetic waves.
Further, the second insulating layer 8 may be made of a silicon dioxide material, or may be made of another alternative insulating material. The third dielectric plate 9 may be a doped silicon wafer, or other alternative dielectric materials may be used. The fourth dielectric plate 11 is mainly used for structural support, and is generally made of a foam material with a low dielectric constant, or other dielectric materials may be used according to circumstances. Preferably, the two-dimensional electrically tunable material includes, but is not limited to, graphene, liquid crystal, ferroelectric material, and the like. It should be noted that the super-surface module can operate in a terahertz frequency band (0.1thz to 10thz), including but not limited to WR1 to WR10 frequency bands.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment of the invention discloses a composite antenna structure based on a two-dimensional electric tuning material, which combines the four-beam antenna of the first embodiment with the super-surface module of the second embodiment, wherein one encodable four-beam antenna is arranged, a plurality of super-surface modules are arranged, the super-surface modules are positioned at the periphery of the encodable four-beam antenna, a metal resonance layer 6 in each super-surface module is arranged towards the encodable four-beam antenna, and a gap between the encodable four-beam antenna and the super-surface modules is partially filled with a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant as a support, such as a foam material. The antenna structure realizes the performance expansion from four beams to twelve beams. As shown in fig. 9, it is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the new antenna. The antenna is formed by loading twelve super-surface units of the second embodiment on the periphery of the four-beam antenna of the first embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a top view of the antenna structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention, in which two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at different positions are numbered by letters for convenience of distinction. The working principle of the new antenna is briefly introduced as follows: taking the beam 1 as an example, through electric field bias regulation, the two-dimensional electric tuning materials at the positions of S2 and P2 on the middle four-beam antenna are in an excited state, and the two-dimensional electric tuning materials at the rest positions are in a ground state. At this time, the middle four-beam antenna is in a beam-one operating state. For twelve peripheral super-surface structures, when the two-dimensional electric adjusting materials at the F11 position are in a ground state, the two-dimensional electric adjusting materials at the other positions are in an excited state. At this time, only the super-surface element at F11 is almost completely transmitted for the electromagnetic wave, and the super-surface elements at the remaining positions are almost completely reflected for the electromagnetic wave. Based on the above principle, the new antenna can achieve beam pointing in the direction F11, i.e. beam 1 in fig. 11. Similarly, the antenna may also generate beams in the remaining eleven directions, as shown in fig. 11. The corresponding digital code is shown in table 2, where "0" represents that the two-dimensional electrical tilt material is in the ground state, and "1" represents that the two-dimensional electrical tilt material is in the excited state.
TABLE 2
It should be noted that, as a further improvement, the number of super-surface units may also be increased according to different application requirements, because only one loop of super-surface module is loaded in the antenna structure provided in the third embodiment. Preferably, the antenna structure can work in a terahertz frequency band (0.1THz to 10THz), including but not limited to a WR1 to WR10 frequency band.
Example four
As shown in fig. 12 and fig. 13, a fourth embodiment of the present invention discloses a novel composite antenna structure based on a dipole antenna and a super-surface structure. In the central position of the radome formed by the super-surface in the second embodiment, one dipole antenna 12 is loaded, and the radiation of the dipole antenna can be influenced by the surrounding super-surface, and preferably, the super-surface module is provided with three circles from top to bottom (axially), each circle is provided with 12 circles, and the total number of the circles is 36. And a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant is filled in a gap part between the dipole antenna and the super-surface antenna cover to be used as a support, such as a foam material.
Fig. 14 is a top view of a novel antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which two-dimensional electrically tunable materials at different positions are numbered for convenience of distinction. The working principle of the new antenna is briefly introduced as follows: taking the beam I as an example, through electric field bias regulation, the two-dimensional electric adjusting materials at five positions D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 are in an excited state, the corresponding super surface structure is almost completely reflected to electromagnetic waves, the two-dimensional electric adjusting materials at the other positions are in a ground state, and the corresponding super surface structure is almost completely transmitted to the electromagnetic waves. Based on the above principle, the new antenna can achieve beam pointing in the direction D10, i.e. beam 1 in fig. 15. Similarly, the antenna may also generate beams in the remaining eleven directions, as shown in fig. 15. The corresponding digital code is shown in table 3, where "0" represents that the two-dimensional electrical tilt material is in the ground state, and "1" represents that the two-dimensional electrical tilt material is in the excited state.
TABLE 3
In the fourth embodiment, only five two-dimensional electrically-tunable materials are selected to be excited when each beam is generated, which is a result of preliminary optimization. According to different conditions, the two-dimensional electrically-adjusting materials at one, three, seven, nine and eleven positions can be selectively excited. Based on the realization that the beam points to the direction of D10, D3, D4, D5, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D12, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D11, D12, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9 can be excited.
The antenna structure provided by the fourth embodiment is only loaded with a circle of super-surface structures in the radial direction, and as a further improved scheme, the number of super-surface units can be increased according to different application requirements. Preferably, the novel antenna structure can work in a terahertz frequency band (0.1THz to 10THz), including but not limited to a WR1 to WR10 frequency band.
According to the antenna, the two-dimensional electrically-tunable material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state by adjusting the electrification of the metal wire, the metal patch and the like at the corresponding position, full-angle beam scanning can be realized, the beam scanning angle is large, and the flexibility is high; the two-dimensional electric tuning material is endowed with new activity through a digital coding form, and a possibility is provided for FPGA control of a future full-angle beam scanning antenna; the invention has simple and compact structure, simple design process, low profile and light weight, and is convenient for the conformal structure of a wireless communication system; in addition, various structures in the invention are microstrip structures, and the processing technology is mature, high in reliability and wide in application range.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a four beam antennas of encodable based on two-dimentional electricity adjusting material which characterized in that: the electric tuning layer comprises an electric tuning layer (1) located on the uppermost layer, wherein the electric tuning layer (1) covers the upper surface of a first insulating layer (2), a first dielectric plate (3) is arranged on the lower surface of the first insulating layer (2), a second dielectric plate (5) is arranged on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate (3), and a plurality of metal patches (4) are arranged between the first dielectric plate (3) and the second dielectric plate (5).
2. The two-dimensional electric tilt material-based codeable four-beam antenna of claim 1, wherein: the electric regulation layer (1) comprises four first electric regulation modules which are arranged in a circumferential manner, each first electric regulation module comprises a first two-dimensional electric regulation material plate (101), two first metal wires (102) are arranged at intervals in the middle of each first two-dimensional electric regulation material plate (101), a second electric regulation module is arranged in a structure enclosed by the first electric regulation modules, each second electric regulation module comprises an excitation source (105) located at the center, four second two-dimensional electric regulation material plates (103) are arranged on the excitation source (105) in a crossed manner, a second metal wire (104) is arranged on each second two-dimensional electric regulation material plate (103) along the length direction of the second two-dimensional electric regulation material plate, and the second metal wire (104) points to the first electric regulation material plate (101) between the two first metal wires (102) on the corresponding side; when the antenna works, an electromagnetic signal is fed in from an excitation source (105), and a certain electric field bias is provided for the first two-dimensional electric tuning material plate (101) and the second two-dimensional electric tuning material plate (103) through the first metal wire (102), the second metal wire (104) and the metal patch (4), so that the two-dimensional electric tuning material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state.
3. The two-dimensional electrically tunable material-based encodable four-beam antenna of claim 2, wherein: the first insulating layer (2) is made of silicon dioxide; the first dielectric plate (3) is a doped silicon wafer; the metal patch (4) is square; the second dielectric plate (5) is used for structural support and is made of foam material with lower dielectric constant; the two-dimensional electric tilt material plate is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
4. The utility model provides a super surface module based on two-dimentional electricity material of adjusting which characterized in that: the material plate comprises a metal resonance layer (6), wherein the metal resonance layer (6) covers the upper surface of a third two-dimensional electric-tuning material plate (7), a second insulating layer (8) is arranged on the lower side of the third two-dimensional electric-tuning material plate (7), a third dielectric plate (9) is arranged on the lower surface of the second insulating layer (8), a fourth dielectric plate (11) is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate (9), and a third metal wire (10) is respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side between the third dielectric plate (9) and the fourth dielectric plate (11).
5. The super-surface module based on two-dimensional electric tilt material of claim 4, characterized in that: the metal resonance layer (6) comprises a resonance ring (601), four sides in the resonance ring (601) are respectively connected with a fourth metal wire (602), the end part of the inner side of each fourth metal wire (602) is respectively connected with a convex resonance block (603), a convex part extending to the center of the metal resonance layer (6) is formed on the inner side of each convex resonance block (603), and the convex resonance blocks (603) are not in contact with each other; through the metal resonance layer (6) and the third metal wire (10), a certain electric field bias can be provided for the third two-dimensional electric tuning material plate (7), so that the two-dimensional electric tuning material at the corresponding position is in an excited state or a ground state, and the spatial filtering of the electromagnetic wave of the specific frequency band is realized.
6. The super-surface module based on two-dimensional electric tilt material of claim 4, characterized in that: the second insulating layer (8) is made of silicon dioxide material; the third dielectric plate (9) is made of a doped silicon wafer; the fourth dielectric plate (11) is mainly used for structural support and is made of a foam material with a low dielectric constant; the third two-dimensional electric-tuning material plate (7) is made of graphene, liquid crystal or ferroelectric materials.
7. A composite antenna structure based on two-dimensional electric tilt materials, characterized by comprising the encodable four-beam antenna of any one of claims 1 to 3 and a plurality of super-surface modules of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the super-surface modules are positioned around the encodable four-beam antenna, a metal resonance layer (6) in the super-surface modules is arranged towards the encodable four-beam antenna, and a gap part between the encodable four-beam antenna and the super-surface modules is filled with a dielectric material with a lower dielectric constant as a support.
8. The two-dimensional electrical tilt material-based composite antenna structure as defined in claim 7, wherein the number of the super-surface modules is twelve, and three super-surface modules are arranged along each of four edges of the codeable four-beam antenna.
9. A novel composite antenna structure based on dipole antenna and super surface structure, its characterized in that: the antenna comprises a plurality of super-surface modules according to any one of claims 4-6 and a dipole antenna (12), wherein the super-surface modules are arranged in a circle around the dipole antenna (12), and a gap part between the dipole antenna (12) and the super-surface antenna housing is filled with a dielectric material with a low dielectric constant to serve as a support.
10. A novel composite antenna structure based on dipole antennas and a super-surface structure as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: the super surface module is provided with three circles from top to bottom, each circle is provided with 12, and 36 are provided in total.
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