CN115507380A - Air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of gas boiler - Google Patents

Air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of gas boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115507380A
CN115507380A CN202211195618.9A CN202211195618A CN115507380A CN 115507380 A CN115507380 A CN 115507380A CN 202211195618 A CN202211195618 A CN 202211195618A CN 115507380 A CN115507380 A CN 115507380A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
gas
boiler
supplementary
heat exchanger
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CN202211195618.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
熊敬超
朱能闯
刘浩然
占成伟
王小龙
向浩
余永江
雷平
张单
叶宇轩
汪远
金子芹
张行
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China City Environment Protection Engineering Ltd
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China City Environment Protection Engineering Ltd
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Priority to CN202211195618.9A priority Critical patent/CN115507380A/en
Publication of CN115507380A publication Critical patent/CN115507380A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/005—Regulating air supply or draught using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a gas boiler air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system, comprising: wind channel, air heater back wind channel, heat exchanger front flue, supplementary wind channel, supplementary fan and forced draught blower before the air heater, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication in wind channel before the air heater and the air inlet connection of the other end and air heater, the one end in wind channel behind the air heater with air heater's air outlet intercommunication and the other end and furnace intercommunication, the one end in wind channel before the heat exchanger with air heater's exhanst gas outlet intercommunication, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication and the other end in supplementary wind channel with air heater front wind channel intercommunication, it sets up to supply the fan on the wind channel, the forced draught blower sets up before the air heater on the wind channel. The invention can meet the requirement of large air volume of the gas boiler.

Description

Air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of gas boiler
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas boilers, in particular to a system for adjusting air supply and smoke temperature of a gas boiler.
Background
The gas boiler is widely applied to self-contained power plants such as steel plants, coal chemical plants and the like, and can generate electricity by using fuels such as byproduct blast furnace gas, converter gas, coke oven gas, semi-coke tail gas and the like, thereby realizing clean and efficient utilization of energy. Steel mills and coal chemical plants often produce single byproducts according to different production processes, and gas boilers have good fuel adaptability and generally have several fuel working conditions. These fuels have different air supply amounts required for combustion depending on gas components. The general method is to select the blower according to the fuel working condition with the largest required air supply amount, and when the fuel working condition changes, the air supply amount is adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the blower through a frequency converter. However, the calorific value of the gas fuel is changed greatly, the application range of the fan is limited, when the air quantity is too small, the efficiency of the fan deviates from the model selection point too much, the efficiency of the fan is obviously reduced, and the power consumption of the motor is increased accordingly. Especially for the modification project of co-combustion of high calorific value gas fuel, the air volume of the original air feeder model selection is obviously smaller than the air volume requirement of the new fuel working condition. However, it is costly to replace the blower and motor as a whole. Therefore, there is a need for an improvement of the existing air supply and flue gas temperature regulation system of the gas boiler, so that the air supply and flue gas temperature regulation system of the gas boiler can meet the requirement of large air volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of a gas boiler, which aims to solve the problem that the existing air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of the gas boiler is not suitable for the requirement of large air volume.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a gas boiler air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system, which comprises: wind channel, air heater back wind channel, heat exchanger front flue, supplementary wind channel, supplementary fan and forced draught blower before the air heater, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication in wind channel before the air heater and the other end are connected with air heater's air inlet, the one end in wind channel behind the air heater with air heater's air outlet intercommunication and the other end and furnace intercommunication, the one end of heat exchanger front flue with air heater's exhanst gas outlet intercommunication, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication and the other end in supplementary wind channel with air heater front wind channel intercommunication, it is in to supply the fan setting on the wind channel, the forced draught blower sets up before the air heater on the wind channel.
Optionally, the air preheater further comprises an air supply branch pipe, one end of the air supply branch pipe is communicated with the air supply channel, and the other end of the air supply branch pipe is communicated with the air preheater rear air channel.
Optionally, the flue gas heat exchanger further comprises a flue gas heat exchanger and a heat exchanger rear flue, one end of the heat exchanger rear flue is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger, the other end of the heat exchanger rear flue is communicated with the chimney, and the other end of the heat exchanger front flue is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger.
Optionally, the boiler further comprises a heat exchanger front gas pipe with one end communicated with the gas inlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger and the other end communicated with the gas pipe network, and a heat exchanger rear gas pipe with one end communicated with the gas outlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger and the other end communicated with the burner of the boiler.
Optionally, the air conditioner further comprises a supplementary air duct isolation door arranged on the supplementary air duct and located between the air supply branch pipe and the air preheater.
Optionally, the air supply system further comprises an air supply branch pipe isolation door arranged on the air supply branch pipe.
Optionally, the system further comprises a gas boiler air volume control device, wherein the gas boiler air volume control device is used for calculating an oxygen volume set value according to the boiler load, comparing the oxygen volume set value with an obtained oxygen volume measured value through an oxygen volume regulator to obtain an oxygen volume deviation value, calculating an air volume preset value according to the boiler load, calculating an air volume set value according to the oxygen volume deviation value and the air volume preset value, comparing the air volume set value with the obtained air volume measured value through the air volume regulator to obtain an air volume deviation value, and controlling the air volume of the blower according to the air volume deviation value.
Optionally, before controlling the air output of the blower according to the air output deviation value, the air output control device of the gas boiler is further configured to sum the air output deviation value with a main control feed-forward of the boiler to obtain a corrected air output deviation value.
Optionally, the system further comprises a fuel fluctuation control device for adjusting the main control feed-forward of the boiler, wherein the fuel fluctuation control device comprises: the method comprises the steps that a monitoring position and a regulating position are arranged on a main gas pipeline of a boiler, a plurality of pressure monitoring units are sequentially arranged at the monitoring position along the gas flowing direction, and the regulating position is located at the downstream of the monitoring position and is provided with a main flow regulating valve; the coal gas pressure is monitored by each pressure monitoring unit at the monitoring position, and the variation delta Q of the coal gas heat supply amount caused by the coal gas fluctuation is calculated and obtained based on the monitored coal gas pressure fluctuation Gas (coal gas) (ii) a Calculating the time t1 required by the coal gas to run from the monitoring position to the adjusting position; if Δ Q Gas (coal gas) The opening degree of the main flow regulating valve is reduced after time t1 to improve the stability of main steam parameters of the gas boiler; if Δ Q Gas (coal gas) Is less than 0, after the time t1, the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve is increased so as to improve the gas cookerStability of main steam parameters of the furnace; if Δ Q Gas (coal gas) And =0, the opening of the main flow regulating valve is kept unchanged.
Optionally, the fuel fluctuation control device is further configured to further adjust the main feed water flow of the boiler to achieve the control target when the main flow adjusting valve is adjusted to the maximum opening degree and still fails to achieve the control target.
The air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of the gas boiler provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the air supply device comprises a supplementary air duct, a supplementary fan, an air preheater, a hearth, a blower and a fan, wherein one end of the supplementary air duct is communicated with the atmosphere, the other end of the supplementary air duct is communicated with the front air duct of the air preheater, the supplementary fan is arranged on the supplementary air duct, one end of the front air duct of the air preheater is communicated with the atmosphere, and the other end of the front air duct of the air preheater is communicated with the air inlet of the air preheater.
Secondly, the influence of oxygen amount change on the preset air volume value is fully considered, and the oxygen amount deviation value is used as the correction of the preset air volume value in air volume adjustment to obtain the set air volume value, so that the accuracy of air volume control is improved.
And thirdly, the influence of the main control feed forward of the boiler on the air volume deviation value is fully considered, and the main control feed forward of the boiler is used for summing the air volume deviation value to obtain a corrected air volume deviation value, so that the accuracy of air volume control is improved.
Secondly, the invention sets a monitoring bit at the upstream of the boiler burner, when the coal gas fluctuation occurs in the operation process of the boiler, the opening of the flow regulating valve can be regulated in advance according to the fluctuation of the heat supply value corresponding to the coal gas fluctuation monitored by the monitoring bit, thereby maintaining the stability of the heat released by the coal gas combustion in unit time and further improving the stability of the main steam parameter of the coal gas boiler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air supply and flue gas temperature regulating system of a gas boiler in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a control flowchart of the air volume control device of the gas boiler in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas line of a fuel fluctuation control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
101-air preheater front air duct; 102-an air preheater; 103-air preheater rear air duct; 104-heat exchanger front flue; 105-a supplementary air duct; 106-make-up fan; 107-a blower; 108-air supply branch pipes; 109-flue gas heat exchanger; 110-heat exchanger rear flue; 111-heat exchanger front gas pipe; 112-heat exchanger rear gas tube; 113-a desulfurization tower; 114-blower inlet silencer; 115-blower inlet damper; 116-blower outlet flapper door; 117-make-up fan inlet silencer; 118-make-up fan inlet damper; 119-supplementary fan outlet damper; 120-supplementary duct isolation door; 121-air supply branch pipe isolation doors;
200-a main gas pipeline; 210-monitoring bits; 211-a pressure monitoring unit; 212-heat value instrument; 220-main flow regulating valve; 300-boiler burner; 400-gas storage bypass; 410-an external source of gas; 420-a bypass regulating valve; 430-quick-cut valve 430; 500-gas branch pipes; 510-branch flow regulating valve; 520-a pressure monitoring device; 530-a shut-off valve; 230-electric blind plate valves; 240-hydraulic quick-cut valve.
Detailed Description
The air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of the gas boiler provided by the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings and the specific embodiment. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
The first embodiment,
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air supply and flue gas temperature adjusting system of a gas boiler in an embodiment of the present invention, and the embodiment provides an air supply and flue gas temperature adjusting system of a gas boiler, including: the method comprises the following steps: wind channel 101, air heater 102, air heater behind wind channel 103, the heat exchanger before flue 104, supplementary wind channel 105, supplementary fan 106 and forced draught blower 107 before the air heater, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication of wind channel 101 before the air heater and the other end are connected with the air inlet of air heater 102, the one end of wind channel 103 behind the air heater with the air outlet intercommunication of air heater 102 and the other end and furnace intercommunication, the one end of flue 104 before the heat exchanger with the exhanst gas outlet intercommunication of air heater 102, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication and the other end of supplementary wind channel 105 with wind channel 101 intercommunication before the air heater, supplementary fan 106 sets up on the supplementary wind channel 105, forced draught blower 107 sets up before the air heater on the wind channel 101.
The air supply device comprises a supplementary air duct 105, one end of the supplementary air duct 105 is communicated with the atmosphere, the other end of the supplementary air duct 105 is communicated with the air pre-heater front air duct 101, a supplementary fan 106 is arranged on the supplementary air duct 105, one end of the air pre-heater front air duct 101 is communicated with the atmosphere, and the other end of the air pre-heater front air duct 101 is communicated with an air inlet of an air pre-heater 102.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply and flue gas temperature adjustment system of the gas boiler further includes an air supply branch pipe 108 having one end communicating with the air supply duct 105 and the other end communicating with the air preheater rear duct 103. Can with on the one hand through setting up air supplement branch pipe 108 wind channel 101 before the air heater with wind channel 103 intercommunication behind the air heater for the partial amount of wind that air feeder 107 sent into wind channel 101 before the air heater can be followed wind channel 103 gets into furnace behind the air heater, also can make the amount of wind that air supplement machine supplyed can directly get into from air supplement branch pipe 108 wind channel 103 behind the air heater, reentrant in the furnace, so can provide different amount of wind for different operating modes, and the temperature of the flue gas of adjustable process air heater 102 avoids getting into the temperature of the flue gas in the flue 104 before the heat exchanger too high or low excessively.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of the gas boiler further includes a flue gas-gas heat exchanger 109, and a heat exchanger rear flue 110 having one end communicated with a flue gas outlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger 109 and the other end communicated with the chimney, and the other end of the heat exchanger front flue 104 is communicated with a flue gas inlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger 109.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply and flue gas temperature adjustment system of the gas boiler further includes a heat exchanger front gas pipe 111 having one end communicated with the gas inlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger 109 and the other end communicated with the gas pipe network, and a heat exchanger rear gas pipe 112 having one end communicated with the gas outlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger 109 and the other end communicated with the burner of the boiler.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply and flue gas temperature adjusting system of the gas boiler further includes a desulfurizing tower 113, and the desulfurizing tower 113 is disposed on the rear flue 110 of the heat exchanger.
Referring to fig. 1, the number of the air pre-heater front air passage 101 and the air pre-heater rear air passage 103 is two, and the number of the supplementary air passage 105 and the supplementary air branch 108 is one.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of the gas boiler further includes a blower inlet silencer 114, and the blower inlet silencer 114 is disposed on the air preheater front air duct 101 and between the atmosphere and the blower 107.
Referring to fig. 1, the gas boiler supply air and flue gas temperature regulating system further includes a blower inlet damper 115, wherein the blower inlet damper 115 is disposed on the air preheater front air duct 101 and located between the blower inlet silencer 114 and the blower 107, and is used for regulating the air volume entering the blower 107.
Referring to fig. 1, the gas boiler supply air and flue gas temperature regulation system further includes a blower outlet damper 116, the blower outlet damper 116 being disposed on the air preheater front air duct 101 between the blower 107 and the air preheater 102 for controlling the circulation and closing of the air preheater front air duct 101.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of the gas boiler further comprises a supplementary blower inlet muffler 117, and the supplementary blower inlet muffler 117 is disposed on the supplementary air duct 105 and between the atmosphere and the supplementary blower 106.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for adjusting supply air and smoke temperature of a gas boiler further comprises a supplementary blower inlet damper 118, wherein the supplementary blower inlet damper 118 is disposed on the supplementary air duct 105 and between the silencer and the supplementary blower 106, and is used for adjusting the air volume entering the supplementary blower 106.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for adjusting supply air and smoke temperature of a gas boiler further comprises a supplementary blower outlet damper 119, wherein the supplementary blower outlet damper 119 is disposed on the supplementary air duct 105 and between the air preheater 102 and the supplementary blower 106, and is used for controlling the circulation and closing of the supplementary air duct 105.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for adjusting supply air and smoke temperature of a gas boiler further includes a supplementary air duct isolation door 120 disposed on the supplementary air duct 105 and between the air supply branch 108 and the air preheater 102.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply and flue gas temperature adjustment system of the gas boiler further includes an air supply branch pipe isolation door 121 disposed on the air supply branch pipe 108.
When the air supply quantity required by the combustion of the boiler fuel is not large, the supplementary fan 106, the supplementary fan outlet baffle door 119, the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 and the supplementary air branch tube isolation door 121 can be closed, and cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the air preheater front air duct 101, then enters the air preheater rear air duct 103 and then flows out of the boiler furnace. At this moment, if the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler is low, the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 and the supplementary air branch duct isolation door 121 are opened, part of cold air enters the air duct 101 before the air preheater from one end of the air duct 101 before the air preheater, and then enters the supplementary air duct 105 from the air duct 101 before the air preheater, and then enters the supplementary air branch duct 108, and then enters the air duct 103 after the air preheater from the supplementary air branch duct 108 and flows out to the boiler furnace, and part of cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the air duct 101 before the air preheater and then enters the air duct 103 after the air preheater, and then flows out to the boiler furnace. Therefore, the temperature of the flue gas in the heat exchanger front flue 104 and the heat exchanger rear flue 110 can be prevented from being too low, so that the sulfur dioxide generated by combustion is easy to corrode the heat exchanger rear flue 110 at a low temperature and the desulfurization effect of the desulfurization tower 113 is influenced.
When the air supply quantity required by the combustion of the boiler fuel is large, the supplementary fan 106, the supplementary fan outlet baffle door 119 and the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 are opened, the supplementary air branch pipe isolation door 121 is closed, and cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the air preheater front air duct 101 and the supplementary air duct 105, then enters the air preheater rear air duct 103, and then flows out to the boiler furnace. At this time, if the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler is low, the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 is closed, the supplementary air branch pipe isolation door 121 is opened, a part of cold air enters the air preheater rear air duct 103 from the supplementary air duct 105 through the supplementary air branch pipe 108 and then enters the furnace, a part of cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the air preheater front air duct 101 and then enters the air preheater rear air duct 103 from the air preheater 102, and then flows out to the boiler furnace.
The flue gas may flow from the boiler furnace through the air preheater 102 into the heat exchanger front flue 104, then into the flue gas heat exchanger 109, then into the heat exchanger back flue 110, and finally into the chimney.
The gas can flow into the front gas pipe 111 of the heat exchanger from the gas pipe network, then flow into the flue gas heat exchanger 109, then flow into the rear gas pipe 112 of the heat exchanger, and then flow into the boiler furnace.
Wherein the cold air and the flue gas may be heat exchanged at the air preheater 102 to cool the flue gas for a first time, and the gas and the flue gas may be heat exchanged at the flue gas heat exchanger 109 to cool the flue gas for a second time.
When the boiler is operated in a low-load state (near the maximum continuous evaporation capacity of the 60 percent boiler), the air supply quantity required by the combustion of the fuel of the boiler is not large and the temperature of the smoke exhausted from the boiler is relatively low, the supplementary fan 106 and the supplementary fan outlet baffle door 119 are closed, and the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 on the supplementary air duct 105 and the supplementary air branch pipe isolation door 121 on the supplementary air branch pipe 108 are opened. Cold air enters the front air channel 101 of the air preheater from one end of the front air channel 101 of the air preheater, and part of the cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the other end of the front air channel 101 of the air preheater, then flows into the rear air channel 103 of the air preheater, and then flows into a boiler furnace; part of cold air enters the hearth from one end of the supplementary air duct 105 through the supplementary air duct 105, the supplementary air branch 108 and the air preheater rear air duct 103 in sequence. Because part of the cold air does not pass through the air preheater 102, the amount of the cold air exchanging heat with the flue gas at the air preheater 102 can be reduced, so that the flue gas passing through the air preheater 102 and the gas heat exchanger can be maintained at about 140 ℃, the reaction temperature required by the dry desulfurization of the baking soda in the desulfurization tower 113 is met, and the problem that the service life of the flue gas heat exchanger 109 is influenced due to low-temperature corrosion caused by the fact that the temperature of the flue gas is higher than the dew point temperature after the flue gas passes through the gas heat exchanger is avoided.
When the boiler is operated under a high load (near the maximum continuous evaporation capacity of the 100% boiler), if the air supply quantity required by the combustion of the boiler fuel is not large and the temperature of the boiler exhaust gas is high, the supplementary fan 106, the supplementary fan outlet baffle door 119, the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 on the supplementary air duct 105 and the supplementary air branch pipe isolation door 121 on the supplementary air branch pipe 108 can be closed. Cold air enters the front air channel 101 of the air preheater from one end of the front air channel 101 of the air preheater, and all the cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the other end of the front air channel 101 of the air preheater, flows through the air preheater 102, then flows into the rear air channel 103 of the air preheater, and then flows into a boiler furnace. Because all the air entering the boiler furnace needs to exchange heat with the flue gas flowing through the air preheater 102, the temperature of the flue gas can be reduced to a greater extent, and the boiler efficiency is improved. When the air supply quantity required by the combustion of boiler fuel is large, the boiler exhaust gas temperature is high, the supplementary fan 106, the supplementary fan outlet baffle door 119 and the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 on the supplementary air duct 105 can be opened, the supplementary air branch duct isolation door 121 on the supplementary air branch duct 108 is closed, cold air enters the air preheater front air duct 101 from one end of the air preheater front air duct 101 and the supplementary air duct 105, and all cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the other end of the air preheater front air duct 101, flows through the air preheater 102, then flows into the air preheater rear air duct 103, and then flows into the boiler furnace. Because all the air entering the boiler furnace needs to exchange heat with the flue gas flowing through the air preheater 102, the temperature of the flue gas can be reduced to a greater extent, and the boiler efficiency is improved.
When the boiler operates in a low temperature environment, for example, in a winter environment in the north, the temperature of the gas entering the flue gas heat exchanger 109 from the gas pipe in front of the flue gas heat exchanger 109 is low, which results in a low temperature of the flue gas entering the rear flue 110 of the heat exchanger after passing through the flue gas heat exchanger 109, and at this time, if the air supply required for the combustion of the boiler fuel is not large, the supplementary fan 106 and the supplementary fan outlet baffle door 119 are closed, and the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 on the supplementary air duct 105 and the supplementary air branch pipe isolation door 121 on the supplementary air branch pipe 108 are opened. Cold air enters the front air channel 101 of the air preheater from one end of the front air channel 101 of the air preheater, and part of the cold air enters the air preheater 102 from the other end of the front air channel 101 of the air preheater, then flows into the rear air channel 103 of the air preheater, and then flows into a boiler furnace; part of cold air enters the hearth from one end of the supplementary air duct 105 through the supplementary air duct 105, the supplementary air branch 108 and the air preheater rear air duct 103 in sequence. Because a portion of the cool air does not pass through the air preheater 102, the amount of cool air exchanging heat with the flue gas at the air preheater 102 may be reduced, thereby allowing the flue gas passing through the air preheater 102 and the gas heat exchanger to be maintained at a higher temperature.
Example II,
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a control flow chart of a gas boiler air volume control device in an embodiment of the present invention, the gas boiler air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system further includes a gas boiler air volume control device, and the gas boiler air volume control device is configured to: calculating an oxygen set value according to the boiler load, comparing the oxygen set value with an obtained oxygen measured value through an oxygen regulator to obtain an oxygen deviation value, calculating an air volume preset value according to the boiler load, calculating an air volume set value according to the oxygen deviation value and the air volume preset value, comparing the air volume set value with the obtained air volume measured value through an air volume regulator to obtain an air volume deviation value, and controlling the air volume of the blower according to the air volume deviation value.
The boiler load is the amount of steam generated per unit time. For example, boiler steam is used to drive a steam turbine, which is used to do work externally. When the boiler does work, the more the work is done in unit time, the larger the load of the boiler is, otherwise, the smaller the load of the boiler is.
The oxygen measurement value is an average value of effective oxygen values obtained at a plurality of measurement points. For example, if there are five measurement points, and the oxygen amount value measured by one measurement point is obviously wrong, the oxygen amount value measured by the measurement point is deleted, and the oxygen amount values measured by the other four measurement points are averaged to obtain the oxygen amount measurement value.
When the oxygen amount set value is compared with the obtained oxygen amount measured value, if the oxygen amount measured value is smaller than the oxygen amount set value, the output air volume deviation value is a positive number, and if the oxygen amount measured value is larger than the oxygen amount set value, the output air volume deviation value is a negative number.
The gas boiler air volume control device also comprises a step of correcting the oxygen volume set value manually between the step of calculating the oxygen volume set value according to the boiler load and the step of comparing the oxygen volume set value with the obtained oxygen volume measured value through an oxygen volume regulator to obtain an oxygen volume deviation value. The accuracy of the air volume control of the blower can be further improved by manually correcting the oxygen volume set value.
And summing the air volume deviation value and the air volume preset value to obtain an air volume set value, wherein if the air volume deviation value is a negative number, the air volume preset value is smaller than the air volume set value, and if the air volume deviation value is a positive number, the air volume preset value is larger than the air volume set value.
And comparing the air quantity set value with the obtained air quantity measured value through the air quantity regulator to obtain an air quantity deviation value, wherein the air quantity set value is subtracted from the air quantity measured value, the air quantity is reduced when the air quantity deviation value is a positive number, and the air quantity is increased when the air quantity deviation value is a negative number.
And when the air volume deviation value is a positive number, controlling the air volume to be reduced, and when the air volume deviation value is a negative number, controlling the air volume to be increased.
And controlling the air output of the air feeder according to the air output deviation value, and calculating the real-time air output, wherein when the air output is greater than a preset value, the supplementary fan is controlled to be closed, and when the air output is less than the preset value, the supplementary fan is controlled to be opened, and meanwhile, the power of the air feeder is adjusted.
The gas boiler air volume control device also comprises an air volume controller, and the air volume controller is used for controlling the opening and closing of the blower outlet baffle door 116, the supplementary blower outlet baffle door 119, the supplementary air duct isolation door 120 and the air supply branch pipe isolation door 121.
The gas boiler air volume control device also comprises a step of comparing an air volume set value with the obtained air volume measured value through an air volume regulator to obtain an air volume deviation value, and a step of summing the air volume deviation value by the boiler main control feedforward according to the air volume deviation value between the air volumes of the control blowers to obtain a corrected air volume deviation value. Wherein, the boiler main control feedforward is a feedforward air quantity value obtained by calculating according to coal gas fluctuation. When the feed air volume value is increased, the larger the air volume deviation value is, the larger the required air volume is, and when the feed air volume value is reduced, the smaller the air volume deviation value is, the smaller the required air volume is. That is, the coal gas fluctuation affects the magnitude of the deviation value of the air volume in real time, so if the air volume is to be accurately controlled in real time, the control of the coal gas fluctuation is also critical.
Example III,
In this embodiment, the smaller the gas fluctuation is, the more advantageous the air volume control is, and based on this, this embodiment provides a fuel fluctuation control method, which is:
arranging a monitoring bit 210 and a regulating bit on a main gas pipeline 200 of the boiler, wherein a plurality of pressure monitoring units 211 are sequentially arranged at the monitoring bit 210 along the gas circulation direction, and the regulating bit is positioned at the downstream of the monitoring bit 210 and is provided with a main flow regulating valve 220;
the gas pressure is monitored by monitoring the pressure monitoring units 211 at the site 210, and the variation quantity delta Q of the gas heat supply quantity caused by the gas fluctuation is calculated based on the monitored gas pressure fluctuation Gas (es) (ii) a Calculating the time t1 required for the gas to run from the monitoring site 210 to the regulating site;
if Δ Q Gas (coal gas) When the time is more than 0, after t1, the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve 220 is reduced so as to improve the stability of main steam parameters of the gas boiler;
if Δ Q Gas (es) If the value is less than 0, after the time t1, the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve 220 is increased so as to improve the stability of main steam parameters of the gas boiler;
if Δ Q Gas (es) And =0, the opening degree of the main flow rate adjustment valve 220 is kept constant.
The monitoring position 210 is a section, i.e. has a certain axial length of the pipeline, for example, a monitoring section of the main gas pipeline 200, which facilitates the arrangement of the monitoring equipment.
The number of the gas pressure measuring points (i.e. the pressure monitoring units 211) is preferably 3 or more than 3, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of pressure monitoring. The distance between two adjacent gas pressure measuring points is preferably in the range of 1-20 m, and more preferably controlled in the range of 5-15 m.
In one embodiment, the gas heat supply is calculated using the following formula:
Q gas (es) ＝qm Qi (Qi)
Wherein q is a gas heat value, and real-time monitoring can be carried out by arranging a heat value instrument 212 on a pipeline; m is Qi (Qi) Is the gas flow rate, m Qi (Qi) Can be obtained by monitoring gas pressure conversion.
Correspondingly, a gas calorific value meter 212 is further provided at the monitoring position 210, which can monitor the gas calorific value on line, and the gas calorific value meter 212 may be arranged on the same cross section of the main gas pipeline 200 opposite to one of the pressure monitoring units 211, may be arranged between two adjacent pressure monitoring units 211, or may be arranged downstream of each pressure monitoring unit 211.
In actual operation, the fluctuation of the gas heat value is small, so in the embodiment, the influence of the fluctuation of the gas flow on the operation of the boiler is mainly considered.
The monitoring station 210 is at a distance from the regulating station to ensure that the corresponding treatment can be carried out in advance when the gas fluctuates. In one embodiment, the distance between the monitoring bit 210 and the adjusting bit is greater than 20m, for example, controlled in the range of 20-100 m.
The adjustment location is at a distance from the boiler burner 300, which is also preferably above 20m, for example in the range of 20 to 100 mm.
Further, when the time t1 required for the gas to run from the monitoring position 210 to the adjusting position is calculated, the position of the gas pressure measuring point of the central position or the central position of the monitoring position 210 is used as the initial running position of the gas, and the gas flow rate can be calculated on the basis of the gas pressure monitored at the initial running position and in combination with the pipe diameter and the like.
Further, when calculating Δ Q Gas (es) And firstly, acquiring the fluctuation amount of the gas pressure, specifically, calculating the pressure difference between every two adjacent gas pressure measuring points, and taking the average value of the pressure differences as the fluctuation amount of the gas pressure. When the pressure difference between every two adjacent gas pressure measuring points is calculated, the monitoring data of the downstream gas pressure measuring point is preferably subtracted from the monitoring data of the upstream gas pressure measuring point. Because the gas fluctuation is generally a creep process rather than a mutation process, the calculation mode can ensure the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring result.
The main flow control valve 220 is an automatic valve, and may be a flow control valve such as an electric butterfly valve.
Further preferably, when the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve 220 is regulated, the regulation aims at: the fluctuation range of the temperature of the middle point of the boiler is controlled within 0-10 ℃, and the effect of improving the stability of the main steam parameters of the gas boiler can be achieved.
In the case where the fluctuation of the gas calorific value is not large, it is preferable that the opening degree of the main flow rate adjustment valve 220 is increased or decreased by 1% to 10% correspondingly for every 1KPa of decrease or increase of the gas pressure.
Further preferably, the control method further includes:
when the main flow regulating valve 220 is regulated to the maximum opening degree and still cannot achieve the control target, the control target is achieved by further regulating the main feed water flow of the boiler. Wherein, after the flow regulating valve is opened to the maximum opening, the main feed water flow of the boiler is further regulated.
When the boiler operates, in order to ensure the stability of main steam parameters, the fuel and the feed water should satisfy the following relations:
Q water (I) ＝ηQ Gas (coal gas)
Wherein, the Q water is the heat absorbed by the heat exchange of the feed water; eta is the thermal efficiency of the boiler.
Q Water (W) ＝m Water (W) (h out -h in )
Wherein m is Water (W) The main feed water flow of the boiler; h is a total of out Specific enthalpy value, h, after heat exchange for water supply in The enthalpy value is the specific enthalpy value before the heat exchange of the feed water. For h out And h in The table look-up operation of (1) is generally referred to in the current engineering in handbook of water and steam thermal property charts; the parameters of boiler feedwater and main steam are applicable to the water and superheated steam meter in this manual. Specifically, according to the temperature and pressure parameters of the main boiler feed water, the enthalpy value h of the main boiler feed water ratio can be obtained by inquiring a water and superheated steam meter in (ii) a According to the temperature and pressure parameters of the main steam of the boiler, the enthalpy value h of the main steam ratio of the boiler can be obtained by inquiring' water and a superheated steam table out 。
Therefore, the formula for calculating the main feed water flow of the boiler is as follows:
Figure BDA0003869642250000121
although the boiler thermal efficiency η is different under different loads, the boiler thermal efficiency η does not change suddenly because the fluctuation of the gas is generally a continuous process, so that the boiler thermal efficiency η at two adjacent monitoring moments can be approximately considered to be kept unchanged. However, it is preferable to recalculate the boiler thermal efficiency η after each adjustment of the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve 22012, and the specific calculation method is a conventional technique in the art and will not be described herein.
Accordingly, the adjustment amount of the main feed water flow of the boiler is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003869642250000131
wherein eta is the thermal efficiency of the boiler, h out Specific enthalpy value h after heat exchange for water supply in The enthalpy value is the specific enthalpy value before the heat exchange of the feed water.
The frequency of a frequency converter of the feed pump can be adjusted according to the calculation result so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the main feed water flow of the boiler. The regulating quantity of main feed water flow of boiler is equal to delta m Water (I) Obviously, the ideal regulating target is provided, but the regulating quantity of the main feed water flow of the boiler is close to the delta m in consideration of the actual working condition Water (W) It is considered reasonable that the specific difference should satisfy the requirement of ensuring the fluctuation range of the boiler intermediate point temperature to be 0-10 ℃.
Further, the method further comprises:
the time t2 required for the gas to be transmitted from the monitoring position 210 to the boiler burner 300 and the time t3 required for the feed water to be transmitted from the feed water pump to the boiler water wall are obtained,
if t2 is larger than t3, the main feed water flow of the boiler is adjusted in a lagging mode, and the lag time is t2-t3. Or external source gas is supplemented into the gas main pipeline 200 to improve the stability of main steam parameters of the gas boiler, wherein the external source gas supplementing point is positioned at the downstream of the monitoring position 210 and can be positioned at the upstream or downstream of the adjusting position, the time of the external source gas reaching the boiler burner 300 is preferably the same as t3, the external source gas is supplemented when a gas fluctuation signal is monitored, and the ventilation time of the external source gas is t2-t3. The gas main pipe 200 may be connected to a gas storage bypass 400, the gas storage bypass 400 is connected to an external gas source 410, and the gas storage bypass 400 is provided with a bypass control valve 420 and a quick-cut valve 430, so as to control the flow rate of the external gas through the bypass control valve 420.
If t2 is less than t3, before the main feed water flow of the boiler is adjusted in place, the opening degree of the branch pipe flow adjusting valve 510 on the gas branch pipeline 500 at the inlet side of the boiler burner 300 is reduced, so that the stability of the main steam parameters of the gas boiler is improved. Further, after the time t3 is reached, the opening degree of the branch pipe flow regulating valve 510 is reset to the position before the coal gas fluctuation, so that the operation stability of the subsequent boiler is further improved.
Based on the scheme, the time of the coal gas fluctuation reaching the boiler burner 300 and the time of feed water reaching the water-cooled wall of the boiler are fully considered, the reliability of the adjusting operation is ensured, the running stability of the coal gas boiler can be further improved, and the main steam parameters under various working conditions can be controlled within a target range.
The main gas pipe 200 preferably transports steel mill gas, such as blast furnace gas. The main steam parameters are preferably not lower than 22.12Mpa and not lower than 540 ℃, and the supercritical gas boiler can be suitable for supercritical gas generator sets, ultra-supercritical gas generator sets and the like.
Although the fluctuation of the gas can be reduced by the fuel fluctuation control method to reduce the regulation and control of the air volume, the fluctuation of the gas can not be avoided, so that the air volume control device of the gas boiler in the second embodiment needs to be provided to regulate and control the air volumes of the blower and the supplementary fan.
Example four,
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel fluctuation control device, which comprises a gas main pipeline 200 and a plurality of gas branch pipelines 500 which are connected with each boiler burner 300 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, wherein the gas main pipeline 200 is provided with a monitoring position 210 and an adjusting position, the monitoring position 210 is provided with a gas calorific value instrument 212 and a plurality of pressure monitoring units 211 which are sequentially distributed along the gas flowing direction, and the adjusting position is positioned at the downstream of the monitoring position 210 and is provided with a main flow regulating valve 220.
The pressure monitoring unit 211 may employ a pressure measuring device such as a pressure transmitter.
The monitoring site 210 is at a certain distance from the regulating site to ensure that corresponding treatment can be performed in advance when the gas fluctuates. In one embodiment, the distance between the monitoring bit 210 and the adjusting bit is greater than 20m, for example, controlled in the range of 20-100 m.
The adjustment location is at a distance from the boiler burner 300, which is also preferably above 20m, for example in the range of 20 to 100 m.
The monitoring position 210 is a section, i.e. has a certain axial length of the pipeline, for example, a monitoring section of the main gas pipeline 2001, which facilitates the arrangement of the monitoring device.
The number of the gas pressure measuring points (i.e. the pressure monitoring units 211) is preferably 3 or more than 3, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of pressure monitoring. The distance between two adjacent gas pressure measuring points is preferably in the range of 1-20 m, and more preferably controlled in the range of 5-15 m.
The gas calorific value meter 212 may be disposed on the same cross section of the main gas pipeline 200 opposite to one of the pressure monitoring units 211, may be disposed between two adjacent pressure monitoring units 211, or may be disposed downstream of each pressure monitoring unit 211.
The main flow control valve 220 is an automatic valve, and may be a flow control valve such as an electric butterfly valve.
Further, the above device further comprises a main controller and a comparator, the main controller is configured to:
acquiring monitoring data of the gas calorific value instrument 212 and monitoring data of each pressure monitoring unit 211;
sending the monitoring data of each pressure monitoring unit 211 to a comparator for comparison, and obtaining a comparison result of the comparator;
and calculating the variation delta Q of the gas heat supply quantity caused by the gas fluctuation according to the comparison result Gas (coal gas) And controls the opening degree of the main flow rate adjustment valve 220 according to a predetermined strategy.
Further, the predetermined policy may refer to the related contents in the third embodiment, for example, the predetermined policy includes:
if Δ Q Gas (es) When the time is more than 0, after t1, the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve 220 is reduced so as to improve the stability of main steam parameters of the gas boiler;
if Δ Q Gas (coal gas) If the value is less than 0, after the time t1, the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve 220 is increased so as to improve the main steam parameter stability of the gas boiler;
if Δ Q Gas (es) =0, and the opening degree of the main flow rate adjustment valve 220 is kept unchanged.
Further, the main controller is also used for adjusting the frequency of a frequency converter of the main feed water pump so as to enable the supplied gas quantity to be matched with the main feed water flow. For related contents, refer to the third embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic gas pipeline diagram of a fuel fluctuation control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, a branch gas flow rate adjusting valve 510 is disposed on the branch gas pipeline 500, a pressure monitoring device 520 may be further disposed on the branch gas pipeline 500, and both the branch gas flow rate adjusting valve 510 and the pressure monitoring device 520 are electrically connected to the main controller. In addition, the gas branch pipe 500 is further provided with a shut-off valve 530, for example, a hydraulic shut-off valve 530 is adopted, so that the operation reliability of the device can be further improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, a gas storage bypass 400 is connected to the main gas pipe 200, the gas storage bypass 400 is connected to an external gas source 410, and a bypass regulating valve 420 and a shut-off valve 530 are disposed on the gas storage bypass 400. The external source gas source 410 may be an external source gas storage tank or the like, and the external source gas may be the same kind of gas as the gas supplied from the main gas pipe 200, for example, both of them are blast furnace gas, and the external source gas storage tank may be fully stored in advance at the initial stage of operation. The bypass point of the gas storage bypass 400 is preferably located downstream of the monitoring bit 210, and may be located upstream or downstream of the regulating bit.
The main controller is further configured to:
acquiring the time t2 required by the coal gas to be transmitted from the monitoring position 210 to the boiler burner 300 and the time t3 required by the feed water to be transmitted from the feed water pump to the boiler water-cooled wall; sending the t2 and the t3 to a comparator for comparison and obtaining a comparison result of the comparator; and executing the set strategy according to the comparison result. The setting policy can refer to the related contents in the third embodiment.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, preferably, a heat exchanger is further disposed at the tail end of the main gas pipeline 200, and the heat exchanger is preferably a flue gas heat exchanger 109, so that the waste heat of the flue gas discharged from the boiler can be utilized to improve the combustion effect of the gas.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, an electric blind valve 230 and a hydraulic quick-cutting valve 240 are further disposed on the main gas pipe 200, so as to further improve the reliability of the operation of the device.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A gas boiler air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system is characterized by comprising: wind channel, air heater back wind channel, heat exchanger front flue, supplementary wind channel, supplementary fan and forced draught blower before the air heater, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication in wind channel before the air heater and the air inlet connection of the other end and air heater, the one end in wind channel behind the air heater with air heater's air outlet intercommunication and the other end and furnace intercommunication, the one end in wind channel before the heat exchanger with air heater's exhanst gas outlet intercommunication, the one end and the atmosphere intercommunication and the other end in supplementary wind channel with air heater front wind channel intercommunication, it sets up to supply the fan on the wind channel, the forced draught blower sets up before the air heater on the wind channel.
2. The system for adjusting supply air and flue gas temperature of a gas boiler as recited in claim 1, further comprising an air supply branch pipe having one end communicating with said supplementary air duct and the other end communicating with said air preheater rear air duct.
3. The system for adjusting air supply and smoke temperature of a gas boiler as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a flue gas-gas heat exchanger and a heat exchanger rear flue having one end communicating with a flue gas outlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger and the other end communicating with a chimney, wherein the other end of the heat exchanger front flue communicates with a flue gas inlet of the flue gas-gas heat exchanger.
4. The system for adjusting supply air and smoke temperature of a gas boiler as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger front gas pipe having one end communicating with a gas inlet of said flue gas heat exchanger and the other end communicating with said gas pipe network, and a heat exchanger rear gas pipe having one end communicating with a gas outlet of said flue gas heat exchanger and the other end communicating with a burner of the boiler.
5. The system for adjusting supply air and flue gas temperature of a gas boiler as recited in claim 2, further comprising a supplementary air duct isolation door disposed on said supplementary air duct and between said air supply branch duct and said air preheater.
6. The system for regulating supply air and flue gas temperature of a gas boiler as recited in claim 5, further comprising an air supply branch isolation door provided on said air supply branch.
7. The air supply and flue gas temperature regulation system of a gas boiler as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a gas boiler air volume control device for calculating an oxygen amount set value based on boiler load, comparing the oxygen amount set value with an obtained oxygen amount measured value by an oxygen amount regulator to obtain an oxygen amount deviation value, calculating an air volume preset value based on boiler load, calculating an air volume set value based on the oxygen amount deviation value and the air volume preset value, comparing the air volume set value with the obtained air volume measured value by the air volume regulator to obtain an air volume deviation value, and controlling the air supply volume of the air blower based on the air volume deviation value.
8. The air supply and flue gas temperature regulation system of a gas boiler as claimed in claim 7, wherein the air volume control means is further configured to sum the air volume deviation values with a boiler master feed forward to obtain a corrected air volume deviation value before controlling the air volume of the air blower based on the air volume deviation value.
9. A supply air and flue gas temperature regulating system for a gas boiler as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a fuel fluctuation control device for regulating a main control feed forward of the boiler, said fuel fluctuation control device comprising:
the method comprises the steps that a monitoring position and a regulating position are arranged on a main gas pipeline of a boiler, a plurality of pressure monitoring units are sequentially arranged at the monitoring position along the gas flowing direction, and the regulating position is located at the downstream of the monitoring position and is provided with a main flow regulating valve;
monitoring the gas pressure by monitoring each pressure monitoring unit at the site, and calculating the variation delta Q of the gas heat supply amount caused by the gas fluctuation based on the monitored gas pressure fluctuation Gas (es) (ii) a Calculating the time t1 required by the coal gas to run from the monitoring position to the adjusting position;
if Δ Q Gas (es) When the flow rate is more than 0, after the time t1, the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve is reduced so as to improve the stability of main steam parameters of the gas boiler;
if Δ Q Gas (coal gas) If the value is less than 0, after time t1, the opening degree of the main flow regulating valve is increased so as to improve the stability of main steam parameters of the gas boiler;
if Δ Q Gas (es) And =0, the opening of the main flow regulating valve is kept unchanged.
10. The air supply and flue gas temperature regulating system of a gas boiler as claimed in claim 9, wherein said fuel fluctuation control means is further adapted to achieve the control target by adjusting the main feed water flow of the boiler when the main flow regulating valve is adjusted to the maximum opening degree and still not to achieve the control target.
CN202211195618.9A 2022-09-28 2022-09-28 Air supply and smoke temperature adjusting system of gas boiler Pending CN115507380A (en)

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