CN112363554B - Thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method - Google Patents
Thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method, which takes primary fan outlet air volume as total primary air volume and takes air blower outlet air volume as total secondary air volume; and taking the total secondary air quantity as the total air quantity in the combustion control of the boiler, and controlling the total air quantity of the boiler by controlling the total secondary air quantity. According to the invention, the total primary air volume is separated from the total air volume control, the air pressure of the hot primary main pipe is taken as a target value of the primary air control, the primary air volume is indirectly controlled by controlling the primary air pressure through optimizing the primary air pressure control logic, and the total secondary air volume is taken as the total air volume in the boiler combustion control to be controlled, so that the decoupling control between the total primary air volume and the total secondary air volume in the total air volume is realized, the problems of insufficient combustion or excessive pollutant, poor combustion effect and the like caused by unreasonable proportion between the two when the two are coupled are avoided, and the control effect of boiler combustion is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power unit control, in particular to a thermal power unit air quantity and air pressure decoupling control method.
Background
The adjustment of the combustion process of the boiler is an important means for adapting the heat provided by the fuel combustion to the load requirement of a steam turbine and ensuring the economic combustion and safe operation of the boiler, and is also one of the most important control links of a thermal power generating unit. In order to enable the boiler to achieve a better combustion effect and avoid the risk of flameout of the boiler caused by too low oxygen content, when the unit load-rise changes, the control system generally increases the total air volume entering the boiler firstly and then increases the coal volume entering the boiler; when the load is reduced, the coal quantity is reduced firstly, then the air quantity is reduced, so that the air powder is reasonably matched, the air quantity is rich, the heat load of the boiler is quickly changed, and the quick balance between the boiler heat and the energy demand of a steam turbine is achieved, therefore, the total air quantity control of the boiler is an important link in the boiler combustion control.
The total air volume entering the hearth is generally the sum of primary air volume and secondary air volume, and comprises primary mixed air volume (or outlet air volume of two primary fans) at inlets of all coal mills and total secondary air volume, the primary air volume is determined by the fuel quantity of each pulverizing system, and the primary air volume is adjusted by the primary fans and the primary air volume entering respective coal mills is adjusted by hot air doors of the coal mills; the secondary air quantity is the best value for ensuring the oxygen content in the boiler flue gas, and is realized by adjusting the output of the blower. The general trend of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume is increased along with the increase of the load, the slope of the secondary air volume is larger than that of the primary air volume along with the increase of the load, but a certain coupling relation exists between the control aspects of the primary air volume and the secondary air volume; for example, when the load is increased, if the working amplitude of primary wind is large, the secondary wind quantity is kept unchanged or even reduced, the purpose of supporting combustion or maintaining the relative balance of oxygen in a hearth cannot be achieved, and adverse effects are brought to boiler combustion and pollutant generation; or when the load is increased, the working amplitude of primary wind is insufficient, secondary wind is increased more, and the problems of poor powder carrying capacity of the primary wind, deviation of flame center, combustion deterioration, increase and decrease of NOx and the like can occur.
When primary air quantity and secondary air quantity are measured, a plurality of thermal power generating units are influenced by limitation of installation positions, and the short straight pipe section of the secondary air pipe easily causes wind direction turbulence, so that the air quantity cannot be accurately measured; a part of thermal power generating units adopt a traditional differential pressure type measuring device, and a sampling port of the differential pressure type measuring device is easy to block, so that the air quantity is inaccurate to measure, and the thermal power generating units cannot stably run for a long time. Meanwhile, the air volume of each measuring point needs to be measured in the calculation of the total air volume at present, and then the sum of the air volume values of different measuring points is solved; because the measuring system comprises a plurality of measuring points, when a fault occurs in an individual measuring point or the measurement is inaccurate, the measurement of the total air volume is influenced, the control of the air volume is inaccurate, and the overall adjusting performance of the unit and the input effect of AGC are seriously influenced.
Therefore, the research on the automatic control system and the method for decoupling the air quantity and the air pressure of the thermal power generating unit can not only avoid the influence on the overall regulation performance of the unit due to the inaccuracy and abnormity of local measurement, but also remarkably improve the control effect of boiler combustion, and have very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in air quantity control of the existing thermal power generating unit, the invention provides an air quantity and air pressure decoupling control method, which can avoid the problem that the overall regulation performance of the unit is influenced due to inaccurate local measurement or abnormity, so as to remarkably improve the control effect of boiler combustion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
taking the outlet air volume of the primary fan as the total primary air volume and taking the outlet air volume of the air blower as the total secondary air volume; the method is characterized in that:
taking the total secondary air quantity as the total air quantity in the combustion control of the boiler, and controlling the total air quantity of the boiler by controlling the total secondary air quantity;
and establishing a corresponding function relationship between the unit load instruction and the total air volume and between the coal quantity and the total air volume, determining the control value of the total air volume according to the larger value of the function between the unit load instruction and the total air volume and the function between the coal quantity and the total air volume, and controlling the total air volume of the boiler according to the unit load instruction and the coal quantity.
In the above technical solution, further, the total secondary air volume is controlled by an air volume control system;
the air volume control system comprises an air blower, a matrix air volume measuring device arranged on a straight pipe section of an inlet pipeline or an outlet pipeline of the air blower, a differential pressure transmitter arranged on a secondary air main pipe and a DCS control system, wherein the DCS control system comprises a differential pressure acquisition module, an air volume calculation module and an air volume control module;
the differential pressure sensor of the matrix air quantity measuring device transmits the acquired signal to a differential pressure acquisition module through a differential pressure transmitter, and the total air quantity of the boiler is obtained through an air quantity calculation module;
the air volume control module controls the air feeder movable blade regulator, and the air feeder movable blade regulator regulates the opening of the air feeder movable blades to regulate the secondary air volume of the air feeder, so that the automatic control of the total secondary air volume is realized.
In the technical scheme, further, the relationship between the wind pressure value of the primary hot main pipe and the load instruction of the unit, the coal quantity and the operation quantity of the coal mills is established through a model identification method, and the total primary air quantity is controlled by controlling the wind pressure value of the primary hot main pipe.
In the technical scheme, further, the wind speed of the coal mill powder pipe is monitored, and the blockage condition of the coal mill powder pipe is judged.
In the technical scheme, furthermore, a coal mill powder pipe blockage judgment logic is established, the wind speed of the coal mill powder pipes in the same layer is measured, a deviation value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the wind speed in the coal mill powder pipes in the same layer is set, and/or the reduction amount of the wind speed of a single coal mill powder pipe in a certain time is set, and when the deviation value and/or the reduction amount are exceeded, the wind pressure of the hot primary main pipe is used as a locking reduction control condition, and the locking control is carried out on the total primary wind volume.
In the technical scheme, a relationship between a deviation value and/or a reduction of the wind speed of the coal mill wind pipe and the primary air fan output is further established, and when the deviation value and/or the reduction is exceeded, the primary air fan output is dynamically adjusted to control the primary air quantity.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, further, main tub wind pressure is once monitored to the heat, sets for the sudden change value of main tub wind pressure once, when surpassing when the sudden change value, the mode that the fan output adopted "fast speed of falling slowly to return" carries out dynamic correction.
The invention also relates to a secondary air volume measurement control system of the thermal power generating unit, which comprises an air feeder, a matrix air volume measurement device arranged at a straight pipe section of an inlet pipeline or an outlet pipeline of the air feeder, a differential pressure transmitter, a DCS control system and an air and smoke control system;
the differential pressure sensor of the matrix type air quantity measuring device is arranged on the secondary air main pipe and used for measuring the actual value of the secondary air flow;
the DCS comprises a differential pressure acquisition module, an air volume calculation module and an air volume control module;
the air and smoke control system comprises a blower movable blade regulator and a blower outlet baffle door, the blower movable blade regulator is used for regulating the opening degree of the blower movable blade, and the blower outlet baffle door is arranged on the secondary air main pipe;
the differential pressure sensor is connected with a differential pressure transmitter, the differential pressure transmitter is connected with a differential pressure acquisition module of a DCS control system, the differential pressure acquisition module is connected with an air volume calculation module, the air volume calculation module is connected with an air volume control module, and the air volume control module is connected with an air feeder movable blade regulator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, the total primary air volume is separated from the total air volume control, and the total secondary air volume is used as the total air volume in the boiler combustion control for control, so that the decoupling control between the total primary air volume and the total secondary air volume in the total air volume is realized, the problems of insufficient combustion or excessive pollutants, poor combustion effect and the like caused by unreasonable proportion between the total primary air volume and the total secondary air volume in the total air volume are avoided when the total primary air volume and the total secondary air volume are coupled, and the control effect of boiler combustion is improved.
2) The primary air and the secondary air are separately controlled according to actual conditions by decoupling control between the total primary air volume and the total secondary air volume, so that the problem that the total air volume is difficult to effectively adjust under the condition of inaccurate or abnormal measurement of local air volume can be avoided, the control effect on the unit air volume and the reliability of air volume control are improved, the adjustment response performance on the primary air and the secondary air is improved, and the overall control performance of the unit is effectively improved.
3) The hot primary main pipe air pressure is used as a control object of primary air control, so that the primary air pressure and the total air volume are prevented from being influenced simultaneously when the output of a primary air fan changes, and the problem that the total air volume is influenced by mutual coupling between the existing primary air control loop and the existing total air volume control loop is solved.
4) The wind speed of the coal mill powder pipe is monitored, abnormal conditions such as blockage of the coal mill powder pipe are judged, and the operation of a primary air fan is controlled to ensure stable operation of a unit.
5) Through monitoring the wind pressure of the hot primary main pipe, abnormal conditions such as tripping of the coal mill and the like are judged, and the operation of the primary fan is controlled to better meet the requirement of boiler combustion.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary air volume measurement control system of a thermal power generating unit.
Fig. 2 is a primary air pressure control logic diagram in the thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method.
FIG. 3 is a logic diagram for judging blockage of a coal pulverizer powder pipe in the thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of primary air pressure change of a primary air fan in a thermal power generating unit air quantity and air pressure decoupling control method in a 'fast drop and slow return' control mode.
In the figure: 1. matrix air volume measuring device, 2, differential pressure transmitter, 3, DCS control system, 4, differential pressure acquisition module, 5, air volume calculation module, 6, air volume control module, 7, forced draught blower movable vane regulator, 8, forced draught blower outlet baffle, 9, electric fan heater, 10, air preheater, 11, forced draught blower, 12, furnace.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
The thermal power generating unit air quantity and air pressure decoupling control method is mainly realized by the following method:
1) decoupling the primary air volume from the total air volume control, taking the outlet air volume of the air blower as the total secondary air volume, and adopting a multipoint matrix type air volume measuring device to accurately measure and regulate the outlet air volume of the air blower in real time, so as to realize the accurate measurement of the total secondary air volume, and taking the total secondary air volume as the total air volume input in the boiler combustion control;
2) the method is characterized in that the air pressure of a hot primary main pipe is used as a target value of primary air control, decoupling control of primary air and secondary air is realized by optimizing primary air pressure control logic, and the control of the total air quantity is realized by establishing a relation between a primary air and secondary air separated control strategy and the total air quantity requirement of boiler combustion.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the decoupling control method for the air volume and the air pressure of the thermoelectric generation unit specifically includes the following steps:
taking the outlet air volume of the primary fan as the total primary air volume and taking the outlet air volume of the air blower as the total secondary air volume;
taking the total secondary air quantity as the total air quantity in the combustion control of the boiler, and controlling the total air quantity of the boiler by controlling the total secondary air quantity; specifically, a corresponding functional relationship between a unit load instruction and the total air volume and between the coal volume and the total air volume is established, the value of the total air volume is determined according to the larger value of the function between the unit load instruction and the total air volume and the function between the coal volume and the total air volume, and the total air volume of the boiler is controlled according to the unit load instruction and the coal volume.
The total secondary air volume is controlled by an air volume control system; as shown in fig. 1, the air volume control system includes a blower a11, a blower B11, a matrix air volume measuring device 1 arranged in a straight pipe section of a blower inlet pipeline, a differential pressure sensor arranged on a secondary air main pipe and used for measuring the actual value of the secondary air flow, a differential pressure transmitter 2 and a DCS control system 3, wherein the DCS control system 3 includes a differential pressure acquisition module 4, an air volume calculation module 5 and an air volume control module 6. A differential pressure sensor of the matrix air quantity measuring device transmits an acquired signal to a differential pressure acquisition module 4 through a differential pressure transmitter 2, and the total air quantity of the boiler is obtained through an air quantity calculation module; the air volume control module controls the air feeder movable blade regulator, and the air feeder movable blade regulator 7 regulates the opening of the air feeder movable blades to regulate the secondary air volume of the air feeder, so that the automatic control of the total secondary air volume is realized.
The matrix type air quantity measuring devices are respectively installed on the straight pipe sections of the inlet pipelines of the air blower A and the air blower B, the problems that the site installation position of a unit is limited and the straight pipe section of the secondary air pipeline is short can be effectively solved by adopting a multipoint matrix type measuring mode, the secondary air quantity of the air blower A and the air blower B can be accurately measured by adopting the matrix type air quantity measuring devices, so that the total secondary air quantity entering a boiler is obtained, and meanwhile, the accurate control of the total secondary air quantity is realized.
In order to avoid the influence of inaccurate primary air quantity or abnormal measurement on a control loop, the air quantity regulation at the inlet of the coal mill can be realized by monitoring the air speed of a coal mill powder pipe. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the powder carrying capacity of primary air and optimize primary air pressure control logic, a primary air pressure set value is simultaneously considered parameters such as a unit load instruction, total coal quantity, the number of running coal mills and the like, a primary air pressure set value is generated by utilizing a mechanism model, the output of a primary air fan is adjusted through a primary air pressure loop, and primary air pressure adjustment is realized; the method comprises the following specific steps:
and establishing the relationship between the hot primary main pipe air pressure value and the unit load instruction, the coal quantity and the coal mill operation quantity by using a mechanism model through a model identification method, and controlling the total primary air quantity by controlling the hot primary main pipe air pressure value.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the wind speed of the coal pulverizer powder pipe is monitored for judging the blockage of the coal pulverizer powder pipe. And establishing coal mill powder pipe blockage judgment logic, measuring the wind speed of the coal mill powder pipes positioned on the same layer, setting a deviation value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the wind speed in the coal mill powder pipes positioned on the same layer, and/or setting the reduction amount of the wind speed of a single coal mill powder pipe in a certain time, and when the deviation value and/or the reduction amount are exceeded, performing locking control on the total primary wind volume as a locking reduction control condition of the wind pressure of a primary hot main pipe. As shown in fig. 3, 5 powder pipes (a1, a2, A3, a4, a5) located in the layer a are respectively monitored for wind speed of the 5 powder pipes, and the maximum value and the minimum value of the wind speed are compared to judge the deviation value of the wind speed of the powder pipe of the coal mill; or a reducing amplitude monitoring unit is arranged to monitor the wind speed change of each powder pipe within a unit, and if the wind speed of a single powder pipe is set to be reduced by more than 10m/s within 1 minute, the condition of primary wind pressure locking reduction is adopted.
And mounting a wind speed measuring point on the coal mill powder pipe, and detecting the wind speed of each powder pipe in each coal mill, thereby identifying the abnormal condition of blockage of each powder pipe, and treating the abnormal condition according to a mode favorable for stable operation of a unit. The abnormal change of the primary air pressure after the powder pipe is blocked can be effectively avoided to influence the control of the primary air, and meanwhile, the further deterioration of the powder pipe blocking can be effectively avoided, so that the normal operation of the unit is facilitated.
Meanwhile, establishing a relation between a deviation value and/or a reduction of the wind speed of the coal mill wind pipe and the output of the primary air fan, dynamically correcting an 'override increase' condition, and dynamically adjusting the output of the primary air fan to control the primary air quantity when the deviation value and/or the reduction is exceeded; the output quantity of the primary fan is changed according to the blockage condition of the powder pipe until the condition disappears or the operator manually determines.
The method comprises the steps of monitoring the air pressure of a primary hot main pipe, setting a sudden change value of the air pressure of the primary hot main pipe, and dynamically correcting the output of a primary fan in a mode of 'fast reduction and slow return' when the sudden change value is exceeded. As shown in FIG. 4, the "fast-decreasing slow-returning" method for the primary air fan output is to decrease the primary air pressure setting value from 7.5kPa to 6.0kPa within 1s, and then return to the original 7.5kPa within 10 s. Therefore, the influence of sudden change of primary air pressure on the operation of the fan after the coal mill is abnormally tripped can be avoided, the automatic control of the primary air pressure can better adapt to abnormal working conditions, and the control and the requirement of boiler combustion are met.
As shown in fig. 1, the secondary air volume measurement control system for a thermal power generating unit in the present invention includes a blower 11, a matrix air volume measurement device 1 disposed in a straight pipe section of an inlet pipeline or an outlet pipeline of the blower, a differential pressure transmitter 2, a DCS control system 3, and an air smoke control system.
The matrix air quantity measuring device 1 is provided with a differential pressure sensor arranged on a secondary air main pipe and used for measuring the actual value of the secondary air flow.
The DCS control system 3 comprises a differential pressure acquisition module 4, an air volume calculation module 5 and an air volume control module 6.
The air and smoke control system comprises a blower movable blade regulator 7 and a blower outlet baffle door 8, wherein the blower movable blade regulator 7 is used for regulating the opening degree of the blower movable blade, and the blower outlet baffle door 8 is arranged on a secondary air main pipe.
Matrix amount of wind measuring device 1's differential pressure sensor connects differential pressure transmitter, differential pressure transmitter 2 connects DCS control system 3's differential pressure acquisition module 4, air volume calculation module 5 is connected to differential pressure acquisition module 4, air volume calculation module 5 connects air volume control module 6, air volume control module 6 connects forced draught blower movable vane regulator 7.
The WB-800 type matrix air volume measuring device is adopted in the embodiment, has high measuring precision and good reliability, and can be well suitable for the operating environment of a thermal power generating unit of a power plant; the differential pressure transmitter adopts an E + H type micro-pressure differential pressure transmitter, has good reliability for gas pressure measurement, and is suitable for being used under the working conditions of high temperature, easy blockage and the like.
The differential pressure sensor of the matrix air quantity measuring device 1 sends the detected signal to the differential pressure transmitter 2, and the differential pressure transmitter 2 processes the signal and sends the signal to the DCS control system. The DCS control system is the original DCS control system in the thermal power generating unit control system, such as an Emerson Ovation system; the DCS control system comprises a differential pressure acquisition module 4, an air volume measuring module 5 and an air volume control module 6, wherein the differential pressure acquisition module 4, the air volume measuring module 5 and the air volume control module 6 are electrically connected in sequence. The differential pressure transmitter 2 sends the processed signal to the differential pressure acquisition module 4, and the air volume of the blower is calculated through the air volume measuring module 5, so that the measurement of the air volume is realized.
The wind smoke control system in the embodiment comprises a blower movable blade regulator 7 and a blower outlet baffle door 8; the blower blade regulators 7 are used to regulate the air blowing amounts of the blower a11 and the blower B11, respectively. The air volume control module 6 is connected with a blower movable blade regulator 7, and the blower movable blade regulator controls the air volume of the blower by controlling the opening of the blower movable blade.
The system also comprises a warm air blower 9 and an air preheater 10 which are respectively arranged on the pipelines at the corresponding sides of the blower A11 and the blower B11, as shown in figure 1, the blower A11 or the blower B11, the matrix air volume measuring device 1, the blower outlet baffle door 8, the warm air blower 9 and the air preheater 10 are sequentially arranged on a secondary air main pipe to form two air supply channels for supplying air to the hearth 12.
The matrix air quantity measuring device is arranged on the straight pipe sections of the outlet pipelines of the air blower A and the air blower B, so that the air quantity of the air blower A and the air blower B can be accurately measured, and meanwhile, the problem that the secondary air quantity cannot be effectively measured due to the fact that the installation position of a unit is limited and the straight pipe section of the secondary air pipeline is short in secondary air measurement is solved effectively.
The matrix type air quantity measuring device is adopted to carry out multipoint matrix type measurement on the air feeder, the air quantity of the air feeder can be accurately measured, and meanwhile, the existing DCS control system of the unit can be utilized to realize accurate closed-loop regulation and control on the air quantity of the air feeder.
The present specification and figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and it is intended that all such alterations and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention, and that all such modifications and variations are included within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims without the use of inventive faculty.
Claims (7)
1. A thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method comprises the steps of taking primary fan outlet air volume as total primary air volume and taking air blower outlet air volume as total secondary air volume; the method is characterized in that:
taking the total secondary air quantity as the total air quantity in the combustion control of the boiler, and controlling the total air quantity of the boiler by controlling the total secondary air quantity;
and establishing a corresponding function relationship between the unit load instruction and the total air volume and between the coal quantity and the total air volume, determining the control value of the total air volume according to the larger value of the function between the unit load instruction and the total air volume and the function between the coal quantity and the total air volume, and controlling the total air volume of the boiler according to the unit load instruction and the coal quantity.
2. The thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the total secondary air volume is controlled by an air volume control system;
the air volume control system comprises an air blower, a matrix air volume measuring device arranged on a straight pipe section of an inlet pipeline or an outlet pipeline of the air blower, a differential pressure transmitter and a DCS control system, wherein the DCS control system comprises a differential pressure acquisition module, an air volume calculation module and an air volume control module;
the differential pressure sensor of the matrix air quantity measuring device transmits the acquired signal to a differential pressure acquisition module through a differential pressure transmitter, and the total air quantity of the boiler is obtained through an air quantity calculation module;
the air volume control module controls the air feeder movable blade regulator, and the air feeder movable blade regulator regulates the opening of the air feeder movable blades to regulate the secondary air volume of the air feeder, so that the automatic control of the total secondary air volume is realized.
3. The thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and establishing a relation between the air pressure value of the primary hot main pipe and a unit load instruction, the coal quantity and the operation quantity of the coal mills by a model identification method, and controlling the total primary air quantity by controlling the air pressure value of the primary hot main pipe.
4. The thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: and monitoring the wind speed of the coal mill powder pipe for judging the blocking condition of the coal mill powder pipe.
5. The thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: and establishing coal mill powder pipe blockage judgment logic, measuring the wind speed of the coal mill powder pipes positioned on the same layer, setting a deviation value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the wind speed in the coal mill powder pipes positioned on the same layer, and/or setting the reduction amount of the wind speed of a single coal mill powder pipe in a certain time, and when the deviation value and/or the reduction amount are exceeded, performing locking control on the total primary wind volume as a locking reduction control condition of the wind pressure of a primary hot main pipe.
6. The thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and establishing a relation between a deviation value and/or a reduction of the wind speed of the coal mill wind pipe and the primary air fan output, and dynamically adjusting the primary air fan output to control the primary air quantity when the deviation value and/or the reduction is exceeded.
7. The thermal power generating unit air volume and air pressure decoupling control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of monitoring the air pressure of a primary hot main pipe, setting a sudden change value of the air pressure of the primary hot main pipe, and dynamically correcting the output of a primary fan in a mode of 'fast reduction and slow return' when the sudden change value is exceeded.
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