CN115505751B - 一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法 - Google Patents
一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115505751B CN115505751B CN202211218243.3A CN202211218243A CN115505751B CN 115505751 B CN115505751 B CN 115505751B CN 202211218243 A CN202211218243 A CN 202211218243A CN 115505751 B CN115505751 B CN 115505751B
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- indium
- germanium
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- matte
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 43
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940119177 germanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-nitro-4h-isoquinolin-1-one Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C(=O)N(O)C(C)(C)CC2=C1 NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FYQBHPUWNUUKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].[In].[Ge] Chemical compound [Zn].[In].[Ge] FYQBHPUWNUUKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SAZXSKLZZOUTCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium indium Chemical compound [Ge].[In] SAZXSKLZZOUTCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
- C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/0052—Reduction smelting or converting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B41/00—Obtaining germanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B58/00—Obtaining gallium or indium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法,属于稀散金属回收技术领域。本发明将含锗和铟的硫化铜矿、还原剂、造渣剂与助熔剂按比例混合后磨细;将磨细混合物进行还原造锍熔炼,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍;用富氧吹炼从铜锍中挥发锗和铟,分别得到粗铜和含锗和铟挥发烟尘;布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化后,再经喷淋碱液吸收,达标排放。在还原熔炼阶段,锗和铟挥发率大于70%;富氧吹炼铜锍阶段,锗和铟挥发率大于25%,全流程锗和铟挥发率大于95%,烟尘中锗和铟富集比大于30倍,粗铜中铜含量大于97.0%。本方法具有工艺流程短、锗和铟收率和富集比高、环境友好等特点,且主体冶炼和收尘设备成熟,产业化前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于稀散金属回收技术领域,涉及一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法。
背景技术
锗和铟为战略金属之一,该矿为一种典型的多金属硫化铜矿,除含铜外,贱金属为铅和铅锌,稀散金属为锗和铟,不适于直接炼铜,用于炼铅,价值高的锗和铟势必分散。目前,关于含锗和铟物料处理的方法如下:
孟志强等人本发明涉及一种利用锗渣提取稀散金属铟和锗的方法(发明专利号:CN201510252678.3),属于化学冶金的技术领域。本发明所述的方法以硬锌真空蒸馏得到的锗渣为原料,其包括以下步骤:对锗渣进行球磨得到球磨料,然后利用硫酸溶液进行浸出;对得到的浸出渣进行氧化焙烧并破碎成破碎料;对破碎料进行氯化蒸馏;对氯化蒸馏得到的气体进行冷却得到粗四氯化锗溶液;对粗四氯化锗液进行第一次萃取;将得到的四氯化锗溶液利用分离柱进行过滤;将过滤得到的四氯化锗溶液进行第二次萃取并得到精制四氯化锗溶液,将精制四氯化锗溶液水解成二氧化锗并还原为锗。
杨建兴等人公开了一种从高硅低锗、低铟氧化锌烟尘中回收有价金属的方法(发明专利号:CN201610212115.6),其步骤为:1)一次浸出;2)二次浸出;3)硅的净化及吸附;4)中和沉铟;5)单宁沉锗。本发明采用比较简便的方法,使硅的净化开路和无定形碳的吸附性能相结合,实现了资源的充分循环利用。利用无定形碳的吸附性,较好的改善了硅净化时液固分离的过滤性能,使溶液中的悬浮物有了有效的载体,从而使滤液清亮无悬浮物,该方法不但消除了硅及悬浮物对沉铟、沉锗的影响,同时,所加的无定形碳在回转窑挥发过程中还能正常发挥其燃烧发热及还原的作用。在原料铟、锗品位较低而二氧化硅较高的情况下,避免了硅及悬浮物的干扰,实现了锗、铟的顺利回收。
曹洪杨等人发明了一种从铅锌基合金渣中分解浸出锗和铟的方法(申请公布号:CN201210443998.3),其步骤是:按硫酸与铅锌基合金渣的液固比为3~7∶1,浸出2~6h后,加入铅锌基合金渣调节浸出液pH为4.0~5.0,过滤得到锌浸出液和酸浸脱锌渣;酸浸脱锌渣干燥后,磨矿,加热300~800℃,得到氧化合金渣;将预热处理后的氧化合金渣置于压力釜中,配入硫酸,通入工业氧气,保持釜内压力为0.1~1.0Mpa,进行一级氧压酸浸,过滤得到一级浸出液和一级浸出渣;对一级浸出渣进行二级氧压酸浸,过滤得到二级浸出液和二级浸出渣;二级浸出液配入前述氧化合金渣进行一级氧压酸浸。本发明提供一种工艺流程短,经济实用,操作环境友好,铟浸出率90~95%,锗浸出率92~98%的从铅锌基合金渣中分解浸出锗和铟的方法。本法适用于含有多种元素的真空炉锗渣。
普世坤等人公开了一种从铟精矿中回收铟锗的工艺方法(申请公布号:CN201110347035.9),其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:(1)氧化焙烧:将铟精矿在500~600℃的条件下充分氧化焙烧5~7h,使铟精矿由黑色转变成黄色;(2)硫酸氧化浸出:将焙烧好的铟精矿粉碎至120~200目后,加入重量为铟精矿重量15~30%的工业硫酸和重量为铟精矿重量2~3%的氯酸钠,进行至少1次的硫酸氧化浸出,浸出温度为85~90℃,浸出时间为2~4h,银、铅在硫酸中难溶解而附着在浸出渣中,因此在浸出渣中直接回收银和铅,浸出液中则回收铟、锗、锌;(3)铟回收:将上述步骤中所得的浸出液先用还原铁粉还原三价铁为二价铁,再采用氢氧化钠溶液调节酸度至2~2.25mol/L,采用1.5~2.5mol/L 的P204的间二乙苯溶液萃取浸出液中的铟,有机相:浸出液相=1:2~3,得到富铟萃取液和萃后液,萃后液待用,将富铟萃取液采用质量分数为15%的盐酸溶液反萃,富铟萃取液有机相:反萃剂相=5~6:1,反萃液采用铝板还原得到粗铟,再将粗铟电解除杂提纯以后,得到精铟;(4)锗回收:将上述步骤中的萃后液用质量百分比浓度为40%的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值为1.5~1.8,再加入萃后液中所含锗金属重量20~25倍的丹宁酸进行沉淀回收,使锗转变成丹宁锗渣沉淀下来,滤液则待用,锗渣过滤洗涤焙烧后,得到锗精矿,将锗精矿再按传统的氯化蒸馏、复蒸、精馏、水解的方法处理后,可得到高纯二氧化锗;(5)锌回收:将上述步骤提取锗后的滤液先加入碳酸钠固体,中和至pH值达4.5~5.0后,再用质量百分比浓度为50%的氢氧化钠溶液中和至pH值6.5~7.0,使溶液中的锌生成碳酸锌沉淀,进行回收。
李世平等人公开了含锗铟锌高铁硅锰物料中提取分离锗、铟、锌的方法(申请公布号:CN201210043068.9),其特征在于:首先用硫酸在pH=5.2~5.4的条件下进行中性浸出提锌,中性浸出渣用硫酸加上氟化铵、氟化氢铵、氟化钠、氟化氢中的一种或多种,在pH≤0.5的条件下进行第一次酸性浸出,临终之时加亚硫酸钠或锌粉或铁屑还原三价铁为二价铁,絮凝剂脱游离硅,一次酸浸渣再补加硫酸加上氟化铵、氟化氢铵、氟化钠、氟化氢中的一种或多种,在pH≤0.5的条件下进行第二次酸性浸出,将第二次酸性浸出液返回到第一次酸性浸出设备;第一次酸性浸出液用P204萃铟,萃取残液用N235萃取锗或者用丹宁和/或栲胶沉锗,有机相反萃提铟;各浸出步骤的温度均为70±10℃。
高军等人公开了一种从锌浸渣中回收铟和锗的方法(申请公布号:CN201210198150.9),是将含铟锗锌浸渣用硫酸浸出,清除三价铁及除硅后,加入羟肟酸+P204煤油协同萃取铟锗,将99%的锗和铟萃取出来,然后经过氟化铵反萃锗和氨气或氨水沉锗,经过浓缩和盐酸反萃铟,铝置换铟和沉锗渣焙烧,分别得到铟锭和锗精矿,本发明能够从较低品位的矿渣中提取锗和铟,过程简单,操作容易,排放污染物少。
综上,关于从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法,在查阅资料中尚未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法。
本发明涉及将含锗和铟的硫化铜矿、还原剂、造渣剂与助熔剂按比例混合后磨细;将磨细混合物进行还原造锍熔炼,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍;用富氧吹炼从铜锍中挥发锗和铟,分别得到粗铜和含锗和铟挥发烟尘;布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化后,再经喷淋碱液吸收,达标排放。
进一步地,步骤(1)中将还原剂为焦粉、无烟煤、烟煤中的一种,造渣剂为石英砂和氧化钙,助熔剂为硼砂,石英砂加入量为硫化铜矿重量比的10-25%,氧化钙加入量为硫化铜重量比的15-20%,还原剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的3-10%,助熔剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的10-25%。
进一步地,步骤(2)中还原熔炼得到铜锍,熔炼温度1250-1350℃,熔炼时间0.5-1.5h。
进一步地,步骤(3)中用富氧吹炼从铜锍中挥发锗和铟和得到粗铜,吹炼温度1300-1350℃,吹炼时间0.5-1.5h,吹炼中氧浓度为50-70%。
进一步地,步骤(4)中布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化后,再经喷淋碱液吸收,达标排放,臭氧用量为与二氧化硫反应理论量的1.2-1.5倍,碱液浓度为10-30%。
本发明的创新点主要在于:
(1)采用还原造锍熔炼,70%以上锗和铟挥发采用布袋收集,25%的锗和铟捕集于铜锍中;
(2)采用富氧吹炼铜锍使锗和铟挥发并采用布袋收集;
(3)布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化后,再经喷淋碱液吸收,达标排放;
(4)还原造锍熔炼和富氧吹炼实现了锗和铟富集,烟气采用臭氧氧化和喷碱液喷淋,避免了全湿法提锗和铟浸出存在试剂消耗大、成本高、废液量大等问题。
综上,本方法在还原熔炼阶段,锗和铟挥发率大于70%;富氧吹炼铜锍阶段,锗和铟挥发率大于25%,全流程锗和铟挥发率大于95%,烟尘中锗和铟富集比大于30倍,粗铜中铜含量大于97.0%。本方法具有工艺流程短、锗和铟收率和富集比高、环境友好等特点,且主体冶炼和收尘设备成熟,产业化前景广阔。
附图说明
图1为一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的工艺流程图。
实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,以下结合具体实例对本发明进一步详述:
实施例
参见附图,条件:称取含锗硫化铜矿10kg,石英砂加入量为硫化铜矿重量比的10%,氧化钙加入量为硫化铜重量比的15%,还原剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的5%,助熔剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的15%,进行球磨混料,用还原造锍熔炼富集锗,熔炼温度1300℃,熔炼时间1.0h,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍;采用富氧吹炼铜锍,吹炼温度1300℃,吹炼时间0.5h,吹炼中氧浓度为60%;布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化,臭氧用量为与二氧化硫反应理论量的1.2倍,喷淋碱液吸收,碱液浓度为10%。在还原熔炼阶段,锗和铟挥发率72.16%;富氧吹炼铜锍阶段,锗和铟挥发率26.34%,全流程锗和铟挥发率达到98.46%,烟尘中锗和铟富集比达到36.61倍,粗铜中铜含量为97.28%。
实施例
参见附图,条件:称取含锗硫化铜矿40kg,石英砂加入量为硫化铜矿重量比的20%,氧化钙加入量为硫化铜重量比的15%,还原剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的5%,助熔剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的25%,进行球磨混料,用还原造锍熔炼富集锗,熔炼温度1280℃,熔炼时间1.5h,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍;采用富氧吹炼铜锍,吹炼温度1350℃,吹炼时间1.0h,吹炼中氧浓度为65%;布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化,氧用量为与二氧化硫反应理论量的1.5倍,喷淋碱液吸收,碱液浓度为25%。在还原熔炼阶段,锗和铟挥发率73.03%;富氧吹炼铜锍阶段,锗和铟挥发率25.62%,全流程锗和铟挥发率达到98.65%,烟尘中锗和铟富集比达到43.67倍,粗铜中铜含量为98.27%。
实施例
参见附图,条件:称取含锗硫化铜矿50kg,石英砂加入量为硫化铜矿重量比的25%,氧化钙加入量为硫化铜重量比的16%,还原剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的6%,助熔剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的20%,进行球磨混料,用还原造锍熔炼富集锗,熔炼温度1350℃,熔炼时间0.5h,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍;采用富氧吹炼铜锍,吹炼温度1320℃,吹炼时间1.5h,吹炼中氧浓度为60%;布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化,氧用量为与二氧化硫反应理论量的1.4倍,喷淋碱液吸收,碱液浓度为20%。在还原熔炼阶段,锗和铟挥发率72.81%;富氧吹炼铜锍阶段,锗和铟挥发率25.11%,全流程锗和铟挥发率达到97.92%,烟尘中锗和铟富集比达到38.81倍,粗铜中铜含量为98.05%。
实施例
参见附图,条件:称取含锗硫化铜矿30kg,石英砂加入量为硫化铜矿重量比的20%,氧化钙加入量为硫化铜重量比的18%,还原剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的10%,助熔剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的15%,进行球磨混料,用还原造锍熔炼富集锗,熔炼温度1250℃,熔炼时间1.0h,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍;采用富氧吹炼铜锍,吹炼温度1300℃,吹炼时间1.0h,吹炼中氧浓度为70%;布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化,氧用量为与二氧化硫反应理论量的1.2倍,喷淋碱液吸收,碱液浓度为15%。在还原熔炼阶段,锗和铟挥发率72.18%;富氧吹炼铜锍阶段,锗和铟挥发率26.59%,全流程锗和铟挥发率达到98.77%,烟尘中锗和铟富集比达到44.87倍,粗铜中铜含量为98.26%。
实施例
参见附图,条件:称取含锗硫化铜矿20kg,石英砂加入量为硫化铜矿重量比的15%,氧化钙加入量为硫化铜重量比的20%,还原剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的7%,助熔剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的18%,进行球磨混料,用还原造锍熔炼富集锗,熔炼温度1350℃,熔炼时间1.5h,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍;采用富氧吹炼铜锍,吹炼温度1320℃,吹炼时间1.5h,吹炼中氧浓度为65%;布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化,氧用量为与二氧化硫反应理论量的1.3倍,喷淋碱液吸收,碱液浓度为20%。在还原熔炼阶段,锗和铟挥发率72.65%;富氧吹炼铜锍阶段,锗和铟挥发率26.51%,全流程锗和铟挥发率达到99.16%,烟尘中锗和铟富集比达到40.63倍,粗铜中铜含量为98.01%。
Claims (2)
1.一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法,其特征在于按以下步骤进行:
(1)将含锗和铟的硫化铜矿、还原剂、造渣剂与助熔剂按比例混合后磨细;
(2)将磨细混合物进行还原造锍熔炼,分别得到含锗和铟挥发烟尘和铜锍,含锗和铟挥发物采用布袋收集;
(3)用富氧吹炼从铜锍中挥发锗和铟,分别得到粗铜和含锗和铟挥发烟尘;
(4)布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化后,再经喷淋碱液吸收,达标排放;
其中:步骤(1)中还原剂为焦粉、无烟煤、烟煤中的一种,造渣剂为石英砂和氧化钙,助熔剂为硼砂,石英砂加入量为硫化铜矿重量比的10-25%,氧化钙加入量为硫化铜重量比的15-20%,还原剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的3-10%,助熔剂加入量为硫化铜重量比的10-25%;
步骤(2)中还原熔炼得到铜锍,熔炼温度1250-1350℃,熔炼时间0.5-1.5h;
步骤(3)中用富氧吹炼从铜锍中挥发锗和铟,吹炼温度1300-1350℃,吹炼时间0.5-1.5h,吹炼中氧浓度为50-70%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种从硫化铜矿中富集锗和铟联产粗铜的方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中布袋收尘排出的烟气采用臭氧氧化后,再经喷淋碱液吸收,达标排放,臭氧用量为与二氧化硫反应理论量的1.2-1.5倍,碱液浓度为10-30%。
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CA1174054A (en) * | 1981-07-09 | 1984-09-11 | Brunswick Mining And Smelting Corporation Limited | Recovery of indium in conjunction with the removal of cadmium, zinc and copper from lead, copper and zinc smelter or refinery dusts |
JP2013139595A (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-18 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corp | 鉛製錬由来の銅含有不純物塊からの有価物の回収方法 |
CN107058750B (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-31 | 东营方圆有色金属有限公司 | 含锗铜烟灰综合回收工艺 |
CN110093506B (zh) * | 2019-04-09 | 2021-03-26 | 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司 | 含锗锌浸出渣中有价金属高效提取及其减量化处理方法 |
CN113337725A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-03 | 红河学院 | 一种从冶炼渣中富集锗的方法 |
CN113430399A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-24 | 红河学院 | 一种加压氧浸锗煤矿回收锗及浸出渣浮选联产优质煤的方法 |
CN114318017A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所 | 一种从锌置换渣中深度浸出锌、铜、镓和锗的方法 |
CN115029562B (zh) * | 2022-01-05 | 2023-09-15 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种湿法炼锌过程分离铜锗的方法 |
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