CN115504880A - 一种三环类fxr受体拮抗剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种三环类fxr受体拮抗剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115504880A
CN115504880A CN202110633731.XA CN202110633731A CN115504880A CN 115504880 A CN115504880 A CN 115504880A CN 202110633731 A CN202110633731 A CN 202110633731A CN 115504880 A CN115504880 A CN 115504880A
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南发俊
谢岑
张仰明
栾宁宁
刘雅萌
王莹
钟先春
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Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种三环类FXR拮抗剂及其制备方法,所述三环类FXR拮抗剂结构如通式I所示,各取代基的定义如说明书和权利要求书中所述,通式I所示的化合物作为FXR拮抗剂,能够用于制备治疗胆汁淤积、高血脂、糖尿病等疾病的药物。

Description

一种三环类FXR受体拮抗剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体而言,涉及一种三环类FXR受体拮抗剂,其制备方法以及该类FXR拮抗剂在FXR拮抗活性方面的用途。
背景技术
FXR受体是核激素受体超家族的一员,在胆汁酸的合成与肝肠循环中起着核心调控作用,以此来维持胆汁酸的稳态。在肝脏中,胆汁酸激活FXR,诱导小分子异源二聚体伴侣SHP的表达,抑制胆汁酸合成途径中CYP7A1和CYP8B1两种酶的基因转录,从而减少胆汁酸的合成。FXR还可以诱导胆汁酸盐输出泵蛋白BESP的表达,将胆汁酸排入胆小管。在肠上皮细胞中,FXR受体被胆汁酸激活后,诱导FGF19(鼠类为FGF15)表达,FGF19/15通过门静脉到达肝脏,与肝细胞中的FGF4/β-Klotho异源二聚体复合物结合,启动ERK1/2级联信号通路,抑制CYP7A1限速酶的表达。FXR受体还可以诱导回肠胆汁酸结合蛋白(IBABP)的表达,促进胆汁酸外流。FXR信号通路还与脂质和糖类的代谢密切相关,肝脏和肠道是FXR信号通路依赖的糖类和脂质代谢的中心器官。另外,FXR受体还与胆汁淤积,肝癌以及肠道健康密切相关。
虽然目前并没有FXR受体拮抗剂用于临床治疗,但FXR拮抗剂已被开发成为重要的研究工具,部分化合物还可以在动物模型中可有效治疗胆汁淤积和高胆固醇血症,例如,为了确定没药甾酮作为FXR拮抗剂是否有降低胆固醇的作用,以野生型小鼠和FXR基因缺失的小鼠作为研究对象,用高胆固醇饮食喂养后发现,野生型和FXR缺失小鼠均出现肝胆固醇水平增加的现象。没药甾酮以口服方式给药后,野生型小鼠肝脏中胆固醇水平降低,FXR基因缺失的小鼠没有出现相同的情况。小鼠口服Gly-MCA可预防和治疗饮食诱导的肥胖和遗传性肥胖,改善胰岛素抵抗和肝脏脂肪变性,而不会产生全身、肝脏或肠道毒性。Jiang发现GUDCA是一种内源性的FXR受体拮抗剂,它可以被胆汁酸盐水解酶降解。二甲双胍通过减少肠道中的脆弱拟杆菌降低胆酸水解酶的活性,从而使肠道中GUDCA水平增加,其将抑制FXR转录,最终达到降血糖的目的。当小鼠经过tempol或抗生素处理后,肠道内乳酸杆菌显著减少,因此胆汁酸水解酶BSH水平降低,回肠中T-β-MCA含量增加,从而抑制FXR信号传导。肠道FXR信号的抑制引起线粒体功能的改善和神经酰胺合成的抑制,导致血清神经酰胺水平降低。减少的循环神经酰胺会下调肝脏SREBP1C和CIDEA的表达,从而降低肝脏脂肪变性。天然FXR拮抗剂isoDCA可以通过拮抗树突状细胞(DC)中的FXR受体来减弱其免疫刺激,增加Foxp3的诱导作用,增加了肠道CD4+调节性T细胞的数量,进而影响肠道健康。因此,FXR拮抗剂为一些代谢性疾病的治疗提供了新的思路。
已经报道的FXR拮抗剂主要分为两大类:天然产物类拮抗剂和合成类小分子拮抗剂。没药甾酮(Guggulaterone,GS)是首个被报道的FXR受体拮抗剂,2019年,DanielaPasseri等人报道了GS在FXR受体上的生物学活性。作者观察到GS能够在微摩尔浓度下激活LXRβ,PXR和PR受体,而它未能诱导包括FXR在内的其他核受体激活。在拮抗试验中,GS能够降低CDCA的FXR激动活性,IC50为25μM。对其他核受体的IC50值在0.32-62μM之间(Med.Chem.Comm.2019,10,8)。最新报道的一个非甾体类FXR受体拮抗剂FLG249在保留了较强的拮抗活性的同时,还具有代谢稳定性,并且在组织分布实验中主要集中在小鼠的回肠中,口服FLG249能够下调小鼠回肠中的FXR靶基因Fgf15,Asbt和Shp的mRNA水平(ACSMed.Chem.Lett.2021,12,420)。
Figure BDA0003104747800000021
目前存在的FXR拮抗剂天然来源有限,且合成难度较大,针对此类化合物的结构改造较少,尚需研发。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用作法尼酯衍生物X受体(FXR)拮抗剂的化合物。
本发明的第一方面,一种通式(I)所示的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,
Figure BDA0003104747800000022
R1为氢、羟基、卤素或C1-C6烷基;
R2选自:氢、羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、3至10元环烷氧基、=O、=N-OH、Rd-C(=O)-O-;其中Rd为取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RaNH-或RaO-;其中,各Ra独立选自:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;
R3为未取代或取代的C1-C6烷基、或氢;
R4为不存在、氢、羟基、卤素或C1-C6烷基;
R5选自:氢、羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、3至10元环烷氧基、=O、=N-OH、Re-C(=O)-O-或O=C(Re)-O-;其中各Re独立地为氢或取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RbNH-或RbO-;其中,各Rb独立选自:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;
R6选自氢、羟基、羟甲基、甲酰基、
Figure BDA0003104747800000031
-(C1-C6亚烷基)C(=O)-Rf-Rg,其中,X为NH、O或S;Rc为氢、未取代或取代的C1-C6烷基;Rf为O、S或NH;Rg为氢、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基;
各*独立地表示R构型、S构型或消旋;
所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、羧基(-COOH)、磺酸基(-SO2OH)。
在另一优选例中,R1为氢。
在另一优选例中,R2为羟基或Rd-C(=O)-O-;其中Rd为取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RaNH-或RaO-;其中,各Ra独立选自为C1-C6烷基;
所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基。
在另一优选例中,R2以α构型与环连接。
在另一优选例中,R3为氢或者C1-C4烷基。
在另一优选例中,R4为不存在,R5为=O或=N-OH;
或者R4为氢,R5为羟基、卤素、C1-C4烷氧基、3至8元环烷氧基、Re-C(=O)-O-或O=C(Re)-O-;其中各Re独立地为氢或取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RbNH-或RbO-;其中,各Rb独立选自:C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:羟基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羧基。
在另一优选例中,R6选自:羟基、羟甲基、甲酰基、
Figure BDA0003104747800000032
-(C1-C6亚烷基)C(=O)-Rf-Rg,其中,X为NH或O;Rc为氢、未取代或取代的C1-C4烷基;Rf为O或NH;Rg为氢、取代或未取代的C1-C4烷基;
所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:C1-C4烷基、羧基(-COOH)、磺酸基(-SO2OH)。
在另一优选例中,所述化合物为:
Figure BDA0003104747800000041
Figure BDA0003104747800000051
本发明的第二方面,提供一种第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,所述方法以胆固醇为原料,通过在化学反应将双键移至五元环上,再通过氧化开环得到含有羧酸侧链的化合物,然后在羧基上引入氨基酸基团获得第一方面所述的化合物,各取代基的定义如第一方面所述。
在另一优选例中,所述化合物结构如式H3或H4所示,通过以下路线制备:
Figure BDA0003104747800000052
式H1化合物与酰氯、酸酐反应得到式H2化合物;
式H2化合物脱去苄基保护基得到式H3化合物;
式H3化合物与氨基酸或氯甲酸酯反应得到式H4化合物,
其中R7为取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RaNH-或RaO-;其中,各Ra独立选自:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;
A为O或NH;
R8选自氢、未取代或取代的C1-C6烷基;所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、羧基(-COOH)、磺酸基(-SO2OH)。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;
和药学上可接受的载体。
本发明的第四方面,提供第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或第三方面所述的药物组合物的用途,其特征在于,(i)用于制备法尼酯衍生物X受体(FXR)拮抗剂;(ii)用于制备治疗与法尼酯衍生物X受体相关的疾病的药物;或(iii)用于制备治疗代谢性疾病的药物。
在另一优选例中,所述与法尼酯衍生物X受体相关的疾病选自:高血脂、胆汁酸淤积、糖尿病、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝、胆汁性肝硬化、高胆固醇血症。
在另一优选例中,所述代谢性疾病选自:高血脂、胆汁酸淤积、糖尿病、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝、胆汁性肝硬化、高胆固醇血症。
本发明的化合物,能有效拮抗FXR受体,可在微摩尔浓度下拮抗FXR受体,与现有的一些天然来源的FXR拮抗剂相比,具有更丰富的天然来源和更简便的合成方法。
应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。说明书中所揭示的各个特征,可以被任何提供相同、均等或相似目的的替代性特征取代。限于篇幅,在此不再一一累述。
具体实施方式:
本申请的发明人经过广泛而深入地研究,首次研发出一类基于胆固醇母核设计的化合物,其主要特点是3位羟基构型保留并通过D环开环形成羧酸侧链且在此处引入甘氨酸或者牛磺酸等基团,显著出FXR拮抗活性。发明人首次研发这一结构对活性的影响规律,并得到一系列性能优异的化合物,与已有的一些天然来源的FXR拮抗剂相比,活性相当,且不仅胆固醇来源更加丰富,价格便宜,而且合成路线简便,产率理想,有望成为作用于该靶点的治疗代谢性疾病的新型药物。在此基础上,完成了本发明。
术语
在本文中,形如“C1-C8”的表述意在包括具有1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或8个碳原子的相应基团。例如,“C1-C8烷基”指具有1个、2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个或8个碳原子的烷基,“C2-C10烯基”指具有2个、3个、4个、5个、6个、7个、8个、9个或10个碳原子的烯基。
在本文中,所述的烷基优选为脂肪族烷基,可以是直链烷基或支链烷基,非限制性地包括:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基等。
在本文中,所述烯基优选为乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、苯乙烯基、苯丙烯基,或类似基团。
本文中,烷氧基是指-O-(烷基),其中烷基的定义如上所述。“C1-6烷氧基”指含1-6个碳的烷基氧基,非限制性实施例包含甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基等。
在本文中,所述环烷基可以为饱和或者部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃取代基,其中包括3至20个碳原子,优选包括3至12个碳原子,更优选环烷基包含3至10个碳原子。单环环烷基非限制实施例包含环丙基、环丁基、环戊烯基、环己基、环辛基等;多环环烷基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的环烷基。
本文中,环烷氧基是指-O-(环烷基),其中环烷基的定义如上所述。
所述芳基指6至10元全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,且所述的基团具有共轭的π电子体系,例如苯基和萘基。所述芳基环可以与杂环基、杂芳基或环烷基环稠合,非限制性实施例含苯并咪唑、苯并噻唑、苯并恶唑、苯并异恶唑、苯并吡唑、喹啉、苯并吲哚、苯并二氢呋喃。
所述杂芳基指包含1至4个杂原子,5至14个环原子的杂芳族体系,其中杂原子包括氧、硫和氮。杂芳基优选为是5元或6元,例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡咯基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、咪唑基、四唑基等。所述的杂芳基可以稠合于芳基、杂环基或者环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂芳基环。
在本发明中除非另外指出,
Figure BDA0003104747800000071
表示连接位点。
除非特别说明,本发明所描述的结构式意在包括所有的互变异构、光学异构和立体异构形式(如对映异构体、非对映异构体,几何异构体或构象异构体):例如含有不对称中心的R、S构型,双键的(Z)、(E)异构体和(Z)、(E)的构象异构体。因此本发明的化合物的单个立体化学异构体、互变异构体或其对映异构体、非对映异构体或几何异构体或构象异构体或互变异构体的混合物都属于本发明的范围。
术语“互变异构体”表示具有不同能量的结构同分异构体可以超过低能垒,从而互相转化。比如,质子互变异构体(即质子移变)包括通过质子迁移进行互变,如1H-吲唑与2H-吲唑、1H-苯并[d]咪唑与3H-苯并[d]咪唑,化合价互变异构体包括通过一些成键电子重组而进行互变。
在本文中,所述的药学上可接受的盐没有特别的限制,优选包括:无机酸盐、有机酸盐、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐;所述无机酸盐包括盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等;所述有机酸盐包括甲酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐等;所述烷基磺酸盐包括甲基磺酸盐、乙基磺酸盐等;所述芳基磺酸盐包括苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐等。
制备方法
本发明的化合物能够采用以下路线进行制备
路线一:
Figure BDA0003104747800000081
路线二
Figure BDA0003104747800000082
各化合物中R定义如下:
Figure BDA0003104747800000083
路线三
Figure BDA0003104747800000091
Figure BDA0003104747800000101
路线四
Figure BDA0003104747800000102
Figure BDA0003104747800000111
Figure BDA0003104747800000121
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件(如Sambrook等人,分子克隆:实验室手册(New York:Cold Spring HarborLaboratoryPress,1989)中所述的条件)或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。
除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明方法中。文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
下述制备实施例中,NMR用Varian生产的Mercury-Vx 300M仪器测定,NMR定标:δH7.26ppm(CDCl3),2.50ppm(DMSO-d6);质谱用Agilent 1200Quadrupole LC/MS液质联用仪或SHIMADZU GCMS-QP5050A测定;试剂主要由上海化学试剂公司提供;TLC薄层层析硅胶板由山东烟台会友硅胶开发有限公司生产,型号HSGF 254;化合物纯化使用的正相柱层析硅胶为山东青岛海洋化工厂分厂生产,型号zcx-11,200-300目。
本文缩写所对应的的中文如下:
DMAP:4-二甲氨基吡啶;DCM:二氯甲烷;DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;TFA:三氟乙酸。
实施例1
Figure BDA0003104747800000122
(1)将胆固醇S-1(10g,25.91mmol)和催化量的DMAP(31.65mg,0.259mmol)溶于120mL二氯甲烷中,加入吡啶(20mL),冰水浴下滴加乙酸酐(3.65mL,38.86mmol),室温下搅拌4h,TLC监测显示反应进行完全,旋出二氯甲烷,用1N稀盐酸中和吡啶,至溶液呈中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水,饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-2 10.56g(24.67mmol),摩尔收率:95.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.37(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),4.64-4.56(m,1H),2.31(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.03(s,3H),2.00-1.06(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.02(s,3H),0.91(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.87–0.85(m,6H),0.68(s,3H)。
(2)将上步产物S-2(10g,23.36mmol)溶于环己烷(100mL)中,加入三氯化钌(48.45mg,0.234mmol),滴加叔丁基过氧化氢(5.84mL,58.4mmol),室温下反应7h。TLC监测反应进行完全时,用亚硫酸氢钠饱和水溶液(50mL)淬灭反应后,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-3 5.37g(12.15mmol),摩尔收率:52.0%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.70(s,1H),4.75-4.67(m,1H),2.57-2.36(m,3H),2.23(t,J=10.8Hz,1H),2.05(s,3H),2.03-1.22(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.20(s,3H),1.17-0.99(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.92(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),0.68(s,3H)。
(3)将上步产物S-3(5g,11.31mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,换氮气后,迅速加入10%质量分数的Pd/C(50mg),再换氮气后换氢气,室温下搅拌。TLC监测反应进行完全时,换氮气后滤去Pd/C,反应液旋干后进行柱层析分离,得到中间体S-4 4.03g(9.08mmol),摩尔收率:80.25%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.70-4.64(m,1H),2.33(t,J=12.0Hz,2H),2.19(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.02(s,3H),1.93-1.21(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.09(s,3H),0.90(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),0.87–0.85(m,6H),0.65(s,3H)。
(4)取上步产物S-4(4g,9.01mmol)溶于四氢呋喃与甲醇体积1:1的混合溶剂中,加入三氯化铈(2.44g,9.91mmol),溶解后加入硼氢化钠(374.89mg,9.91mmol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全时,用2N HCl淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-54.07g(9.13mmol),摩尔收率:92.1%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.73-4.62(m,1H),3.39–3.33(m,1H),2.01(s,3H),1.90-0.95(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.90(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),0.87–0.84(m,9H),0.67(s,3H)。
(5)取上步产物S-5(4g,8.97mmol)溶于甲苯中(50mL),加入Burgess Reagent(3.22g,13.45mmol),反应于110℃下进行。TLC监测反应进行完全时,反应液旋干后柱层析得到中间体S-6 2.60g,(6.07mmol),摩尔收率:67.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.14(s,1H),4.72-4.66(m,1H),2.03(s,3H),1.86-0.99(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.92(d,J=6.0Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),0.81(s,3H),0.53(s,3H)。
(6)取上步产物S-6(2.5g,5.84mmol)溶于氯化氢-二氧六环溶液(15mL,58.4mmol)中,室温下反应过夜,将反应液直接旋干柱层析得到中间体S-7 2.14g(5.00mmol),摩尔收率:85.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.15(s,1H),4.75–4.65(m,1H),2.40-2.17(m,2H),2.02(s,3H),1.94-1.06(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.91(s,3H),0.89–0.82(m,9H),0.70(s,3H)。
(7)取上步产物S-7(2.0g,4.67mmol)溶于四氯化碳(30mL),加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(967.68mg,5.60mmol),室温下反应4h,TLC监测反应进行完全,用亚硫酸氢钠饱和水溶液(20mL)淬灭反应后,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-8 725.72mg(1.63mmol),摩尔收率:35.0%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.72-4.65(m,1H),3.30(s,1H),2.08(m,2H),2.01(s,3H),1.86-0.99(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.97(s,3H),0.85–0.81(m,9H),0.74(s,3H)。
(8)取上步产物S-8(700mg,1.58mmol)溶于丙酮(20mL),加入Jones试剂(0.5mL),室温下反应0.5h,TLC监测反应进行完全,反应液旋干后,向圆底烧瓶中加入30mL水,用乙酸乙酯(3×30mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C2 633.08mg(1.33mmol),摩尔收率:84.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.95(s,1H),4.59–4.52(m,1H),2.46(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.17–2.02(m,2H),1.96(s,3H),1.89-1.03(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.99(s,3H),0.83(d,J=6.4Hz,12H)。
(9)取上步产物C2(600mg,1.26mmol)溶于乙醇与水体积比9:1的混合溶剂中,加入氢氧化钾(705.6mg,12.6mmol),室温下反应。TLC监测反应进行完全,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至酸性,用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C1 504.73mg(1.16mmol),摩尔收率:92.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.93(s,1H),3.37–3.30(m,1H),2.49–2.42(m,1H),2.17–2.01(m,2H),1.95–1.83(m,1H),1.75-1.02(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.99(s,3H),0.84–0.82(m,9H),0.79(s,3H)。
实施例2
Figure BDA0003104747800000141
(1)取化合物C1(480mg,1.11mmol)溶于DMF(10mL)中,加入无水碳酸钾(306.8mg,2.22mmol),室温搅拌下缓慢滴加溴化苄(1.5mL,1.33mmol),滴加完毕后,将反应液移至50℃,反应过夜。TLC监测反应进行完全后,反应液冷却至室温,加入去离子水50mL稀释,用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-9 520mg(0.992mmol),摩尔收率:86.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.36–7.31(m,5H),5.10(s,2H),3.62–3.57(m,1H),2.60–2.57(m,1H),2.48–2.42(m,1H),2.29–2.27(m,2H),2.01-1.95(m,1H),1.86-1.00(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.06(s,3H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.85(s,6H),0.83(s,3H).
(2)取上步产物S-9(80mg,0.153mmol)与催化量的DMAP(1.9mg,0.0153mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,加入吡啶(1mL),冰水浴下加入丙酸酐(49.8mg,0.382mmol),滴加完成后,将反应移至室温下反应4h。TLC监测反应进行完全后,旋出二氯甲烷,用1N稀盐酸中和吡啶,至溶液呈中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水,饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-10b 60mg(0.103mmol),摩尔收率:67.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.41-7.29(m,5H),5.10(s,2H),4.72–4.64(m,1H),2.60–2.56(m,1H),2.47–2.40(m,1H),2.31-2.26(m,3H),1.98(m,1H),1.95–1.18(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.12(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),1.05(s,3H),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.89-0.81(m,9H).
(3)取上步产物S-10b(60mg,0.103mmol)溶于CH3OH/EA=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,换氮气后,迅速加入10%质量分数的Pd/C(6mg),再换氮气后换氢气,室温下搅拌。TLC监测反应进行完全时,换氮气后滤去Pd/C,反应液旋干后进行柱层析分离,得到化合物C3 45mg(0.092mmol),摩尔收率:89.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.73–4.65(m,1H),2.56–2.52(m,1H),2.50–2.45(m,1H),2.31–2.25(m,3H),1.93-1.20(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.14–1.10(m,6H),0.95(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.89(s,3H),0.85(d,J=6.4Hz,6H).
用实施例二中同样的方法不同的酸酐或酰氯合成以下化合物。
Figure BDA0003104747800000151
Figure BDA0003104747800000161
Figure BDA0003104747800000171
实施例3
Figure BDA0003104747800000181
(1)取化合物C2(87mg,0.189mmol)溶于DMF(10mL)中,加入无水碳酸钾(65.3mg,0.473mmol),室温搅拌下缓慢滴加溴乙酸苄酯(149μL,0.945mmol),滴加完毕后,室温下反应过夜。TLC监测反应进行完全后,反应液冷却至室温,加入去离子水50mL稀释,用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-20 106mg(0.170mmol),摩尔收率:89.9%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.37(d,J=1.2Hz,5H),5.24(s,2H),5.18(s,2H),4.63(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),2.60(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),2.35(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.02(s,3H),2.00–1.03(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.14(s,3H),0.95(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.90–0.83(m,9H).
(2)取上步产物S-20(50mg,0.08mmol)溶于CH3OH/EA=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,换氮气后,迅速加入10%质量分数的Pd/C(5mg),再换氮气后换氢气,室温下搅拌。TLC监测反应进行完全时,换氮气后滤去Pd/C,反应液旋干后进行柱层析分离,得到化合物C17 40mg(0.075mmol),摩尔收率:93.6%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.80-4.57(m,3H),2.51(s,1H),2.36–2.33(m,2H),2.02(s,3H),1.95-1.23(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.14(s,3H),0.95(d,J=6.7Hz,3H),0.90–0.83(m,9H).
实施例4
Figure BDA0003104747800000182
(1)取化合物C2(40mg,0.084mmol),HOBT(11.4mg,0.084mmol),EDCI(16.1mg,0.084mmol),DMAP(31mg,0.0252mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中加入甘氨酸苄酯盐酸盐(25.4mg,0.126mmol),滴加催化量的DMF,反应过夜。TLC监测反应进行完全后,将反应液旋干,柱层析分离得到中间体S-13 30mg(0.048mmol),摩尔收率:57.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.42-7.29(m,5H),5.18(s,2H),4.72–4.64(m,1H),4.22-4.00(m,2H),2.65–2.58(m,1H),2.38–2.35(m,1H),2.22-2.09(m,2H),2.02(s,3H),1.96-1.19(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.16(s,3H),0.94(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.90(s,3H),0.85(d,J=6.6Hz,6H).
(2)取上步产物S-13(30mg,0.048mmol)溶于CH3OH/EA=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,换氮气后,迅速加入10%质量分数的Pd/C(3mg),再换氮气后换氢气,室温下搅拌。TLC监测反应进行完全时,换氮气后滤去Pd/C,反应液旋干后进行柱层析分离,得到化合物S-1420mg(0.0375mmol),摩尔收率:78.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.38(s,1H),8.06(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.58-4.53(m,1H),3.70(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.11–2.07(m,1H),1.99-1.97(m,1H),1.96(s,3H),1.94-1.88(m,1H),1.80-1.02(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.98(s,3H),0.86–0.78(m,12H).
(3)取上步产物S-14(20mg,0.0375mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,加入氢氧化钾(21.0mg,0.375mmol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C18 12mg(0.0244mmol),摩尔收率:65.2%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.07(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.70(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),3.29(s,1H),2.48(s,1H),2.02–1.85(m,2H),1.73-1.01(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.14(s,3H),0.97(s,3H),0.83–0.81(m,6H),0.78(s,3H).
实施例5
Figure BDA0003104747800000191
(1)取化合物C2(80mg,0.168mmol),HOBT(22.7mg,0.168mmol),DMAP(61.57mg,0.504mmol),EDCI(32.21mg,0.168mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,加入D-丙氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐(45.80mg,0.252mmol),常温下反应过夜。TLC监测反应进行完全后,将反应液旋干后,柱层析分离得到中间体S-15 60mg(0.099mmol),摩尔收率:59.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.00(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.72–4.63(m,1H),4.50–4.43(m,1H),2.62–2.56(m,1H),2.42–2.32(m,1H),2.14–2.09(m,1H),2.02(s,3H),1.92-1.03(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.61(s,3H),1.47(s,9H),1.15(s,3H),0.94(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.90(s,3H),0.85(d,J=6.6Hz,6H).
(2)取上步产物S-15(60mg,0.099mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,滴加三氟乙酸(0.73mL,99mmol),室温下反应2h,TLC监测反应进行完全后,将反永夜旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物S-16 50mg(0.091mmol),摩尔收率:92.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.51(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.72–4.65(m,1H),4.49–4.42(m,1H),2.69–2.62(m,1H),2.23(d,J=13.2Hz,1H),2.11(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),2.03(s,3H),2.00-1.10(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.52(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.19(s,3H),0.93(d,J=10.1Hz,6H),0.86(d,J=6.6Hz,6H).
(3)取上步产物S-16(50mg,0.091mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,加入氢氧化钾(50.9mg,0.91mmol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C19 40mg(0.079mmol),摩尔收率:86.8%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.53-7.39(m,1H),4.44(s,1H),3.61–3.57(m,1H),2.70–2.64(m,1H),2.24(s,1H),2.12–2.10(m,1H),2.00-1.08(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.52(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),1.17(d,J=1.8Hz,3H),0.93(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.89(s,3H),0.87–0.85(m,6H).
实施例6
Figure BDA0003104747800000201
(1)取化合物C2(80mg,0.168mmol),HOBT(22.7mg,0.168mmol),DMAP(61.57mg,0.504mmol),EDCI(32.21mg,0.168mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,加入L-丙氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐(45.80mg,0.252mmol),常温下反应过夜。TLC监测反应进行完全后,将反应液旋干后,柱层析分离得到中间体S-17 66.1mg(0.109mmol),摩尔收率:64.9%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.85(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.72–4.64(m,1H),4.51-4.44(m,1H),2.60–2.53(m,1H),2.42–2.39(m,1H),2.18–2.05(m,2H),2.02(s,3H),1.90–1.02(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.46(s,9H),1.38(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),1.14(s,3H),0.94(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.89(s,3H),0.86–0.84(m,6H).
(2)取上步产物S-17(60mg,0.099mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中,滴加三氟乙酸(0.73mL,99mmol),室温下反应2h,TLC监测反应进行完全后,将反永夜旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物S-18 51.1mg(0.093mmol),摩尔收率:93.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.48(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.71–4.63(m,1H),4.52(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.65–2.58(m,1H),2.31(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.25–2.08(m,2H),2.02(s,3H),1.96–1.00(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.50(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.16(s,3H),0.92(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.90(s,3H),0.85(d,J=6.5Hz,6H).
(3)取上步产物S-18(50mg,0.091mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,加入氢氧化钾(50.9mg,0.91mmol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C20 34.9mg(0.069mmol),摩尔收率:75.8%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.56(s,1H),4.50(s,1H),3.64–3.58(m,1H),2.65(t,J=11.6Hz,1H),2.26(brs,1H),2.12(d,J=13.7Hz,1H),2.00-1.08(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.52(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.18(s,3H),0.93(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.89(s,3H),0.88-0.84(m,6H).
实施例7
Figure BDA0003104747800000211
(1)取化合物C2(140mg,0.294mmol),EEDQ(181.8mg,0.735mmol),牛磺酸(73.6mg,0.588mmol)溶于干燥的DMF(10mL)中,滴加三乙胺(0.41mL,2.94mmol),将反应移至90℃下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,反应液冷却至室温,加入去离子水50mL稀释,用乙酸乙酯(3×50mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物S-19 30mg(0.051mmol),摩尔收率:17.5%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.67(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.57(dq,J=16.5,6.0Hz,1H),3.30–3.22(m,2H),3.09(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.47(m,2H),1.97(s,3H),1.94-0.99(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.97(s,3H),0.84(d,J=1.7Hz,3H),0.83(d,J=1.3Hz,6H),0.81(s,3H).
(2)取上步产物S-19(30mg,0.051mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,加入氢氧化钾(28.6mg,0.51mmol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C21 10mg(0.018mmol),摩尔收率:36.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ3.59-3.57(m,2H),3.52-3.47(m,1H),2.97-2.94(m,2H),2.60-2.52(m,2H),2.15(s,1H),2.01–1.22(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.10(s,3H),0.94(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),0.89(d,J=4.0Hz,6H),0.87(s,3H).
实施例8
Figure BDA0003104747800000221
(1)取中间体S-7(8g,18.69mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂70mL中,加入氢氧化钾(10.47g,1.87mol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-20 6.75g(17.49mmol),摩尔收率:93.6%。1HNMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.14(s,1H),3.61(m,1H),2.42-2.11(m,2H),2.05-1.03(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.91(d,J=8.2Hz,3H),0.86–0.84(m,9H),0.66(d,J=16.8Hz,3H).
(2)取上步产物S-20(6.5g,16.84mmol),咪唑(1.38g,20.21mmol),TBSCl(3.05g,20.21mmol)溶于干燥的DMF(30mL)中,室温下反应30min,TLC监测反应进行完全后,加入去离子水100mL稀释,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-217.9g(15.80mmol),摩尔收率:93.8%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.14(s,1H),3.58(dd,J=15.5,9.0Hz,1H),2.36(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),2.22(m,2H),2.04-0.98(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.93(d,J=7.8Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=9.4Hz,3H),0.03(s,6H).
(3)取上步产物S-21(7.5g,15mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰水浴下持续通O3,TLC监测反应进行完全后,之后用氩气置换体系中的臭氧,将反应液旋干后,柱层析得到中间体S-22 2.74g(5.01mmol),摩尔收率:33.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.75(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.58–3.51(m,1H),2.10–2.00(m,1H),1.95-0.98(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.94(s,3H),0.91(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.86(d,J=6.6Hz,6H),0.77(s,3H),0.05(s,6H).
(4)取上步产物S-22(2.5g,4.56mmol),硼氢化钠(862.9mg,22.81mmol)溶于叔丁醇(40mL)中,将反应液移至78℃下回流,TLC监测反应进行完全后,将反应液冷却至室温,向反应液中加入去离子水(30mL)淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-231.52g(2.84mmol),摩尔收率:62.3%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ3.84–3.79(m,1H),3.65–3.58(m,1H),3.57–3.51(m,1H),3.34(s,1H),1.73-1.13(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.96–0.94(m,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.87–0.85(m,9H),0.77(s,3H),0.05(s,6H).
(5)氩气保护下,取上步产物S-23(1.5g,2.80mmol),TEMPO(443.74mg,0.28mmol),溶于干燥的二氯甲烷(20mL)中,加入二乙酸碘苯(1.08g,3.36mmol),室温下反应过夜。TLC监测反应进行完全后,反应液直接旋干得到中间体S-24 817.0mg(1.53mmol),摩尔收率:54.6%。
(6)取上步产物S-24(100mg,0.187mmol),乙氧甲酰基亚甲基三苯基膦(326.19mg,0.936mmol)溶于甲苯(20mL)中,将反应液移至110℃下反应,反应72h后,TLC监测到仍有原料与产物点Rf值相同,LCMS显示没有反应完全,将反应液冷却至室温后,旋干后柱层析分离得到中间体S-25与S-29的混合物90mg。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.13–7.05(m,1H),5.85–5.77(m,1H),4.23–4.12(m,2H),3.58–3.49(m,1H),3.28(s,1H),2.41–2.34(m,1H),2.26–2.17(m,1H),1.80-1.00(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.92–0.91(m,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.87–0.85(m,9H),0.80(s,3H),0.04(s,6H).
(7)取上步得到的混合物(90mg)溶于EtOH(10mL)中,换氮气后,迅速加入10%质量分数的Pd/C(10mg),再换氮气后换氢气,室温下搅拌。TLC监测反应进行完全时,换氮气后滤去Pd/C,反应液旋干后进行柱层析分离,得到中间体S-26 50mg(0.0825mmol)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.15–4.10(m,2H),3.57–3.49(m,1H),3.30(s,1H),2.32(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.80-0.78(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.96(d,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.87–0.83(m,9H),0.76(s,3H),0.73(s,3H),0.05(s,6H).
(8)取上步产物S-26(50mg,0.0825mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,加入氢氧化钾(46.2mg,0.825mol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C24 35mg(0.075mmol),摩尔收率:91.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ3.60(dt,J=11.1,6.0Hz,1H),3.33(s,1H),2.38(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.25(s,2H),1.84-1.05(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.97(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.87(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),0.77(s,3H),0.74(s,3H).
实施例9
Figure BDA0003104747800000231
(1)取中间体S-24(2g,3.75mmol)溶于预干燥的吡啶(10mL)中,加入三氯氧磷(0.7mL,7.5mmol),将反应移至110℃下反应,TLC监测反应进行结束后,反应液冷却至室温,在冰水浴的条件下加入1mL水淬灭三氯氧磷,三氯氧磷淬灭后,向反应液中加入20mL去离子水,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到中间体S-27 1.85g(3.59mmol),摩尔收率:95.7%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.36(dd,J=6.3,1.6Hz,1H),4.59–4.56(m,1H),3.60–3.47(m,2H),1.82(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),1.71-1.04(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.96(s,3H),0.91(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.88(s,9H),0.87(d,J=1.5Hz,3H),0.85(d,J=1.6Hz,3H),0.78(s,3H),0.04(s,6H).
(2)取上步产物S-27(1.85g,3.59mmol)溶于乙酸乙酯(20mL)中,-78℃下持续通入臭氧3min,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用氩气置换反应体系中的臭氧,向反应体系中加入二甲硫醚,反应5min后,将反应液旋干,柱层析分离得到中间体S-28 1.33g(2.43mmol),摩尔收率:67.7%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.78(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),8.07(s,1H),4.92(s,1H),3.57–3.49(m,1H),2.14–2.12(m,1H),1.93–1.80(m,2H),1.73-0.92(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.21(s,3H),1.08(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.86(d,J=1.2Hz,3H),0.84(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),0.78(s,3H),0.04(s,6H).
(3)取上步产物S-28(100mg,0.182mmol)溶于叔丁醇,四氢呋喃,2-甲基-2-丁烯体积比为5:1:1.5的混合溶剂(10mL)中,取磷酸二氢钠(199.2mg,1.82mmol)和亚氯酸钠(214.0mg,2.366mmol)溶于10mL的水中,将新配置的该溶液加入到上述反应液中,在冰水浴中反应15min后,保持室温继续反应。TLC监测反应进行完全,用乙酸乙酯(3×30mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物S-29 84.5mg(0.150mmol),摩尔收率:82.4%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.12(s,1H),5.03(s,1H),3.56–5.50(m,1H),2.33(s,1H),1.90-1.17(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.15(s,3H),1.08(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.85(d,J=6.6Hz,6H),0.78(s,3H),0.04(s,6H).
(4)取上步产物S-29(84.5mg,0.150mmol)溶于二氯甲烷中,滴加三氟乙酸(0.22mL,3.0mmol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,将反应液旋干,柱层析分离得到化合物C25 63.5mg(0.141mmol),摩尔收率:94%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.13(s,1H),5.02(s,1H),3.61–3.49(m,1H),2.33(s,1H),1.92-0.93(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.16(s,3H),1.08(d,J=4.0Hz,3H),0.85(d,J=8.0Hz,6H),0.79(s,3H).
(5)取上步产物C25(60mg,0.13mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,加入氢氧化钾(74.5mg,1.33mol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用饱和氯化铵溶液中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C22 50mg(0.118mmol),摩尔收率:91.1%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ3.50(d,J=15.0Hz,2H),2.46(s,1H),1.83-0.93(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.10(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.07(s,3H),0.88(d,J=6.5Hz,6H),0.81(s,3H).
实施例10
Figure BDA0003104747800000251
(1)取中间体S-28(100mg,0.182mmol),乙氧甲酰基亚甲基三苯基膦(635.7mg,1.82mmol)溶于甲苯(20mL)中,将反应液移至110℃下反应,反应96h后,TLC监测显示产物点与原料点Rf值相同,LCMS显示原料已经完全反应。反应液冷却至室温后,旋干柱层析分离得到中间体S-30 82mg(0.132mmol),摩尔收率:72.8%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.00(s,1H),6.93–6.86(m,1H),5.63(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),4.21–4.15(m,2H),3.56–3.49(m,1H),2.02(d,J=11.3Hz,1H),1.86-1.32(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.29(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.25(s,3H),1.04(s,3H),0.87(s,9H),0.85(d,J=6.6Hz,6H),0.77(s,3H),0.03(s,6H).
(2)取上步产物S-30(80mg,0.129mmol)溶于EtOH(10mL)中,换氮气后,迅速加入10%质量分数的Pd/C(10mg),再换氮气后换氢气,室温下搅拌。TLC监测反应进行完全时,换氮气后滤去Pd/C,反应液旋干后进行柱层析分离,得到中间体S-31 60mg(0.119mmol),摩尔收率:75.2%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.29–4.24(m,1H),3.60–3.53(m,1H),3.03(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),2.66–2.60(m,1H),2.39–2.34(m,1H),1.82-0.96(m,其它脂肪环质子),1.31–1.22(m,3H),0.92(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.86(d,J=6.6Hz,6H),0.82(s,3H),0.74(s,3H).
(3)取上步产物S-31(50mg,0.099mmol)溶于EtOH/H2O=10:1的混合溶剂10mL中,加入氢氧化钾(45.1mg,0.80mol),室温下反应,TLC监测反应进行完全后,用1N稀盐酸中和反应液至中性,用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取,将合并的有机层分别用去离子水和饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥浓缩,柱层析分离得到化合物C23 35mg(0.078mmol),摩尔收率:78.8%。
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ3.60(s,1H),3.53(s,1H),2.54–2.42(m,2H),1.88–0.99(m,其它脂肪环质子),0.96(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.87(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),0.77(s,3H),0.72(s,3H).
实施例11FXR拮抗试验
1.实验目的
用报告基因实验检测化合物对FXR的拮抗活性。
2.实验原理
荧光素酶报告基因检测是以荧光素(luciferin)为底物来检测萤火虫荧光素酶(Firefly Luciferase)活性的一种报告系统。荧光素酶可以催化luciferin氧化成oxyluciferin,在luciferin氧化的过程中,会发出生物荧光(bioluminescence),可通过荧光测定仪设备测定luciferin氧化过程中释放的生物荧光。本实验中,激动性配体与配体结合域(LBD)结合之后发挥相应的作用,促进DNA结合域(DBD)与DNA结合,启动荧光素酶的转录,加入底物后产生荧光,通过检测荧光的强弱来反应受体激活程度。
3.实验样品
试验前将化合物溶于DMSO,配制母液,使用时用培养液稀释至所需浓度。
4.实验方法
Hek293T细胞生长至密度80%左右,将其消化并稀释至2*105个/mL的悬液,每孔100μL体积接种于白色不透明96孔板中。根据Lipofectamine 3000试剂盒说明书,将减血清opti-MEM培养基按照体积比1:1分别移至两只离心管中,在两只离心管中分别加入20μg/mL质粒和2μg/mL脂质体,其中pCMV-Script-hFXR、pGL4.11-hSHP-Luciferase报告质粒以1:1比例预混成为20μg/mL,其后将含有脂质体的opti-MEM培养基和含有质粒的opti-MEM培养基轻柔混合并室温包装20min。完成包装后,将上述包含质粒-脂质体混合物的opti-MEM培养基以每孔10μL加入到96孔板中,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中。24h后用排枪轻轻弃掉孔中所有培养基,换为含1%FBS培养基饥饿处理,6h后加待测化合物,拮抗模式加入待测化合物1h后再加入GW4064(终浓度5μM);继续于培养箱中孵育24h。按照Firefly-Glo试剂盒的操作说明,向96孔板中加入与培养基等体积的检测试剂,避光充分裂解15min后,于多标记酶标仪读取萤光数值。
抑制能效计算:1减去待测化合物的萤光强度并扣除空白孔的萤光强度的差值与激活剂模型组的萤光强度扣除空白孔萤光强度差值之比,定义为化合物的抑制效能(Inhibition%),公式如下:
Figure BDA0003104747800000261
根据上述公式,对于化合物采取10μM浓度进行测试,每个浓度设置3复孔(空白组blank:质粒共转染后无药物处理的细胞)。
Figure BDA0003104747800000262
实验结果如表1所示。
表1化合物FXR拮抗活性测试结果
Figure BDA0003104747800000271
注:Inhibition%为样品药物对FXR拮抗活性的抑制率评价,SD为标准差,LDH%表示细胞毒性。
这些化合物在表达FXR配体结合域的HEK293T细胞中能够与FXR激动剂GW4064进行竞争,并拮抗GW4064对FXR的激活作用。
如表1所示,本发明化合物在10μM时的抑制率达到40%甚至更高,是FXR受体的拮抗剂,与现有的FXR受体拮抗剂相比,且该类化合物的结构新颖,含有三环类的结构,进一步丰富了FXR受体拮抗剂的种类。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种通式(I)所示的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,
Figure FDA0003104747790000011
R1为氢、羟基、卤素或C1-C6烷基;
R2选自:氢、羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、3至10元环烷氧基、=O、=N-OH、Rd-C(=O)-O-;其中Rd为取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RaNH-或RaO-;其中,各Ra独立选自:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;
R3为未取代或取代的C1-C6烷基、或氢;
R4为不存在、氢、羟基、卤素或C1-C6烷基;
R5选自:氢、羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、3至10元环烷氧基、=O、=N-OH、Re-C(=O)-O-或O=C(Re)-O-;其中各Re独立地为氢或取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RbNH-或RbO-;其中,各Rb独立选自:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;
R6选自氢、羟基、羟甲基、甲酰基、
Figure FDA0003104747790000012
-(C1-C6亚烷基)C(=O)-Rf-Rg,其中,X为NH、O或S;Rc为氢、未取代或取代的C1-C6烷基;Rf为O、S或NH;Rg为氢、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基;
各*独立地表示R构型、S构型或消旋;
所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、羧基(-COOH)、磺酸基(-SO2OH)。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1为氢。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R2为羟基或Rd-C(=O)-O-;其中Rd为取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RaNH-或RaO-;其中,各Ra独立选自为C1-C6烷基;
所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R4为不存在,R5为=O或=N-OH;
或者R4为氢,R5为羟基、卤素、C1-C4烷氧基、3至8元环烷氧基、Re-C(=O)-O-或O=C(Re)-O-;其中各Re独立地为氢或取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RbNH-或RbO-;其中,各Rb独立选自:C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:羟基、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羧基。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R6选自:羟基、羟甲基、甲酰基、
Figure FDA0003104747790000021
-(C1-C6亚烷基)C(=O)-Rf-Rg,其中,X为NH或O;Rc为氢、未取代或取代的C1-C4烷基;Rf为O或NH;Rg为氢、取代或未取代的C1-C4烷基;
所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:C1-C4烷基、羧基(-COOH)、磺酸基(-SO2OH)。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述化合物为:
Figure FDA0003104747790000022
Figure FDA0003104747790000031
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物结构如式H3或H4所示,通过以下路线制备:
Figure FDA0003104747790000032
式H1化合物与酰氯、酸酐反应得到式H2化合物;
式H2化合物脱去苄基保护基得到式H3化合物;
式H3化合物与氨基酸或氯甲酸酯反应得到式H4化合物,
其中R7为取代或未取代的以下基团:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基、RaNH-或RaO-;其中,各Ra独立选自:C1-C8烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C6-C10芳基、5-7元杂芳基;
A为O或NH;
R8选自氢、未取代或取代的C1-C6烷基;所述取代是指被基团上的氢被选自下组的一个或多个取代基取代:羟基、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、羧基(-COOH)、磺酸基(-SO2OH)。
8.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;
和药学上可接受的载体。
9.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或权利要求8所述的药物组合物的用途,其特征在于,(i)用于制备法尼酯衍生物X受体(FXR)拮抗剂;(ii)用于制备治疗与法尼酯衍生物X受体相关的疾病的药物;或(iii)用于制备治疗代谢性疾病的药物。
10.如权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于,所述与法尼酯衍生物X受体相关的疾病选自:高血脂、胆汁酸淤积、糖尿病、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝、胆汁性肝硬化、高胆固醇血症;
所述代谢性疾病选自:高血脂、胆汁酸淤积、糖尿病、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝、胆汁性肝硬化、高胆固醇血症。
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