CN115493893A - Solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open source of road raised dust - Google Patents
Solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open source of road raised dust Download PDFInfo
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- CN115493893A CN115493893A CN202211018812.XA CN202211018812A CN115493893A CN 115493893 A CN115493893 A CN 115493893A CN 202211018812 A CN202211018812 A CN 202211018812A CN 115493893 A CN115493893 A CN 115493893A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/24—Suction devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N2001/021—Correlating sampling sites with geographical information, e.g. GPS
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Abstract
The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling the open source of the raised dust on the road has multiple sampling modes, can be flexibly selected according to the road, and has no personal danger for sampling on the road, and a sampling person can remotely set a sampling point and a sampling route; the device has low cost, and dust data of each particle size can be preliminarily obtained in real time; the folding portable sampling device has the advantages that the folding portable sampling device is simple in structure, convenient to carry and high in practicability, has the function of uploading and alarming after equipment is abnormal, is small in interference of human factors on sampling results, is stable in sampling results, and is large in referential significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road raise dust sampling, in particular to a solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open sources of road raise dust.
Background
At present, in the process of researching the source analysis of pollutants in the atmosphere, the method relates to the sampling of road dust in open source sampling; the open source is a pollution source which discharges particulate matters to the atmospheric environment disorderly and irregularly in the open environment, and has the characteristics of uncertain source intensity, random discharge and the like; road dust refers to dust formed when road dust enters ambient air under certain power conditions such as wind power, motor vehicle rolling, crowd movement and the like, and the road dust is frequently raised repeatedly and settled repeatedly, enters the air again or repeatedly, and causes repeated pollution.
Road dust is an important component of atmospheric particulate pollutants, and has complex composition and wide sources. Because the particle size of the particles is very small, the specific surface area is large, the adsorption capacity is strong, the pollution influence of road dust is increasingly prominent, and the environmental effect and the health effect caused by the particles become the focus of general attention of various countries. Not only can the visibility of cities be reduced, the body health of residents is damaged, and the cleaning cost is increased; the road raised dust is the result of transmission and deposition of various sources such as atmospheric sand dust transmission, automobile carrying and throwing, road surface abrasion, surrounding bare soil, construction site raised dust and the like, and is also an important source of atmospheric particulate pollutants and pollutants in urban surface runoff, a new round of PM2.5 source analytical research results are published in Beijing city in 2018, the contribution rate of the raised dust source in local discharge is 16%, the raised dust source becomes a second large-particle pollution source in the city, and the proportion of the road raised dust in the raised dust source is the largest.
Therefore, sampling and analyzing the open source of the road raised dust are significant, the existing sampling technology is mainly to load a Dusttrak instrument on the existing vehicle to detect the emission of the road raised dust abroad, but the Dusttrak instrument has high value and cannot overcome the constant-speed sampling problem of the vehicle in the driving process, so that the condition that the monitored value of the concentration of the road raised dust particles has a negative value is easily caused;
the existing sampling mode in China is that a section of road is closed according to the sampling technical specification of open source dust raising particles, and dust deposited on the road is collected manually by a brush or a dust collector, so that the existing sampling mode is greatly influenced by manual operation, the existing sampling mode is the same operator and the same tool regardless of the area, the stability of manual sampling at each time cannot be guaranteed, and the sampling result is greatly influenced by human factors; moreover, at present, the number of urban vehicles is increasing day by day, operability of manually defining a dust collection sampling range in normal working time period in the daytime is limited, and road traffic is seriously influenced; the safety of operators cannot be guaranteed during sampling, and manual sampling detection on the road of the vehicle-water horse has potential danger; in addition, in the existing collection mode, collected flying dust must be brought to a laboratory for data analysis, and preliminary analysis data cannot be obtained in real time.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field are dedicated to develop a solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open sources of road dust, and the solar automatic sampling vehicle aims to solve the problems of defects in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the prior art, manual operation has a large influence on the sampling result; the sampling can be carried out only in the daytime, and the normal traffic of road traffic is seriously influenced; the manual sampling also has great potential safety hazard to the personnel of sampling on car water horse's road, and need the personnel of sampling to take back the laboratory and carry out the analysis, there is certain hysteresis quality in the acquisition of raise dust data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open sources of road dust, which comprises a sampling vehicle box body, a dust collection fan, a spring column, a screen, a radar camera, a rack guide rail, a gear motor, a weight sensor, a dust collection box, a driven small round bar, a driving small round bar, a telescopic push rod, a support, a fixing ring, an air suction pipe, a suction cup, a sealing machine, a collection box, a motor, a transmission shaft, an air suction device, a control processor, a rotary rod, a driving motor, wheels, an infrared distance sensor, a power supply, a dust collection bag, a cylinder, a reflective warning belt, a communication GPS module, a storage box, a solar panel, an electric control door, a vibrating motor, a driving motor and a mechanical arm;
the sampling vehicle box body is integrally cubic, the top of the sampling vehicle box body is covered with a solar panel, and the tail of the sampling vehicle box body is covered with a reflective warning belt; holes are formed in the middle of the left side and the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body;
the rotary rod is positioned in the middle of the sampling trolley box body, and the sampling trolley box body can be simply folded through the rotary rod;
the dust collection box main body is in a cubic shape or a cylinder, the lower part of the dust collection box main body is provided with a closing-in to a certain degree, and the dust collection box is positioned at the front part in the sampling vehicle box body;
an electric control door is arranged on the right side of the top of the dust collection box and can be opened and closed under the control of a control processor;
one end of the spring column is connected with the inner wall of the top of the sampling trolley box body, and the other end of the spring column is connected with the upper part of the dust collection box;
the dust suction air port of the dust suction fan is connected with the upper part of the left side of the dust suction box and can suck out air in the dust suction box; the dust collection fan is connected with the dust collection box in a certain mode;
2-5 weight sensors are arranged on two walls in the dust collection box;
the screen is positioned in the dust collection box in a certain slope, one end of the screen is positioned on the weight sensor, the other end of the screen is movably connected with the wall of the dust collection box, and the end of the screen, which is not in contact with the weight sensor, is connected with a rack guide rail;
the gear motor is connected with the dust collection box in a certain mode, the gear motor is positioned below the rack guide rail, and a gear of the gear motor can be meshed with the rack guide rail;
one end of the air suction pipe is connected with the top of the dust collection box, the other end of the air suction pipe is connected with the sucking disc, and the air suction pipe is fixed at the front part of the sampling trolley box body in the sampling trolley box body by a fixing ring;
the mechanical arm is positioned on the outer wall of the right side of the sampling vehicle box body, and the mechanical arm can put the collected raised dust into the dust collection box through the electric control door for screening;
the radar camera is positioned on the right side of the outer wall of the sampling car box body and is connected with the outer wall of the sampling car box body; the radar camera and the communication GPS module are connected through a wire, and are electrically connected;
the bottom of the bracket is fixed with the bottom of the inner wall of the sampling trolley box body, and the top of the bracket is fixed with a telescopic push rod through a bolt nut;
the number of the telescopic push rods is two, and the top of the upper telescopic push rod is connected with an air suction device; the top of the telescopic push rod positioned below is connected with a sealing machine;
the two air suction devices are arranged, one air suction device is positioned on the left side of the lower closing opening of the dust suction box, and the other air suction device is positioned on the top of the right telescopic push rod of the lower closing opening of the dust suction box;
the motor is positioned on the right side of the inner wall of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body, the motor is connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body, one end of the transmission shaft is connected with the motor, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the collection box, and the transmission shaft can transmit power output by the motor to the collection box to drive the collection box to rotate;
the collection box is positioned on the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body and is disc-shaped or cube-shaped;
the dust collecting bag is a reel type dust collecting bag, the dust collecting bag can be sleeved on a cylinder, and one end of the cylinder is positioned on the inner wall of one side of the collection vehicle box body and can rotate to a certain degree;
one end of the small driving round bar is connected with a driving motor and can be driven by the driving motor to rotate;
one end of the driven small round bar is positioned on the inner wall of one side of the collection vehicle box body and can rotate to a certain degree;
the dust bag is arranged between the two small round rods, and when the small round rods are driven to rotate, the dust bag can be gradually pulled out under the action of friction force;
the control processor is positioned at the bottom of the inner wall of the sampling vehicle box body, is connected with a communication GPS module, an active motor, a dust collection fan, a gear motor, a weight sensor, an air suction device, a sealing machine, a driving motor and an infrared distance sensor, is responsible for the sampling work of the whole sampling vehicle, and uploads all control information to the communication GPS module;
the wheels are positioned at the bottom of the sampling vehicle, and the infrared distance sensor is positioned at the non-moving part of the wheels of the sampling vehicle;
the driving motor is positioned on the left side of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body and is responsible for controlling the movement of the sampling vehicle;
the power supply is positioned on the left side of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body, the power supply is connected with the solar panel through a conducting wire, and the solar panel can charge the power supply;
the communication GPS module is positioned on the left side of the top of the sampling vehicle box body, and the communication GPS module is connected with the top of the sampling vehicle box body;
the storage box is positioned on the left side of the top of the box body and is connected with the top of the sampling trolley box body;
furthermore, holes are formed in the middle of the left side and the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body respectively for placing an air suction pipe and a mechanical arm;
furthermore, the mesh number of the screen meshes in the dust collection box is sequentially increased from top to bottom, and the screen mesh with the smallest mesh number is arranged at the top;
furthermore, the screen can complete the setting of the particle size through the selection of the mesh number, so that different particle sizes can be selected according to actual requirements;
furthermore, the screen mesh positioned at the lowest part of the dust collection box is completely sealed, so that no dust can pass through the screen mesh;
furthermore, the number of the rack guide rail, the gear motor and the weight sensor is equal; the weight sensors are distributed in a left-right alternating manner;
furthermore, the inner wall of the suction pipe is smooth, so that raised dust cannot be accumulated in the pipeline;
furthermore, when the radar camera recognizes that the road condition is good, the processor is controlled to drive the mechanical arm to complete sampling work, and when the radar camera recognizes that the road condition is pothole, the processor is controlled to drive the dust collection fan to form a negative pressure area in the dust collection box, so that road raised dust is sucked into the dust collection box through the suction disc and the suction pipe;
furthermore, when the driving small round bar rotates, the dust collecting bag can be gradually pulled out under the action of friction force; when the specified length is pulled out, the driving small round bar stops rotating, the air suction device on the left side starts to work, the dust collection bag is sucked, so that the air suction device on the left side and the dust collection bag are temporarily adsorbed together, then the telescopic push rod on the right side starts to work, the air suction device connected to the top of the air suction device is pushed out, when the dust collection bag is close to the dust collection bag, the air suction device on the telescopic push rod on the right side starts to work, the dust collection bag is adsorbed, then the dust collection bag is gradually pulled out along with the gradual retraction of the telescopic push rod, and when the telescopic push rod is completely retracted, the collection of raised dust can be carried out;
furthermore, after the dust is collected by the dust collecting bag, the two telescopic push rods positioned on the bracket can extend together, when the opening of the dust collecting bag becomes smaller, the sealing machine fixed in front of the telescopic push rod positioned below can finish the sealing of the dust collecting bag, after the sealing is finished, the air suction devices positioned at the left side and the right side stop sucking air, and the dust collecting bag can fall into the collecting box below under the action of gravity;
furthermore, a plurality of partitions are arranged inside the collecting box; after a certain number of dust bags which finish dust collection work are collected, the collection box can be driven by the motor to rotate, and the next partition is switched to collect the dust bags, so that the sorting work of subsequent workers can be facilitated;
furthermore, the storage box can temporarily store dust bags for collecting raised dust and spare winding drum dust bags, so that the use convenience is greatly improved;
furthermore, the communication GPS module can accurately position the coordinates of the sampling points in each sampling process and record the coordinates after each sampling process is finished; and the communication GPS module can also export relevant data; the selection of sampling points and sampling routes by sampling personnel can be remotely accepted, or the preset sampling points and sampling routes are executed;
furthermore, the communication GPS module has an automatic alarm function for equipment abnormity, and when the electricity of the sampling vehicle is too low, the sampling vehicle is positioned in a non-working area, the dust bag is used up or the device fails, the abnormity can be sent to a set mobile phone client through the communication GPS module;
furthermore, the sampling vehicle can be properly increased under the condition that enough road dust is not collected;
furthermore, the dust bags are numbered, the number is increased by one bit after sampling is carried out once, and the number is reset and recalculated when a roll of dust bags is not replaced;
furthermore, there is the meshing between gear motor and the rack guide rail, can pull out the screen cloth that has the connection with the rack guide rail after gear motor begins to rotate clockwise, can impel the screen cloth that has the connection with the rack guide rail after gear motor begins to rotate anticlockwise.
By adopting the scheme, the solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling the road raised dust open source disclosed by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling the open source of the road raised dust has low device cost, can easily realize constant-speed sampling in the sampling process, and does not generate the condition that the monitoring value of the concentration of the road raised dust particles has a negative value; dust emission data of all particle sizes can be preliminarily obtained in real time;
(2) The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling the road raise dust open source has multiple sampling modes, can be flexibly selected according to the road, and has no personal danger of sampling on the road, and a sampling person can remotely set a sampling point and a sampling route;
(3) The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling the open source of the raised dust on the road can be simply folded, is convenient to carry, has stable operation procedures, ensures that the sampling process is not influenced by human factors, has stable sampling results and has great referential significance;
in conclusion, the solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling the open source of the raised dust on the road, disclosed by the invention, can preliminarily obtain the raised dust data of each particle size in real time, is more convenient and faster, and a sampling person can remotely set a sampling point and a sampling path, so that the operation safety of the sampling person is greatly improved; and the sampling result is little interfered by human factors, is stable and has great referential significance.
The conception, the specific technical solutions and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments so that the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention can be fully understood.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view structure diagram of a solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling road dust open source according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of the solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling road raised dust from an open source according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a sampling vehicle box body; 2. a dust collection fan; 3. a spring post; 4. screening a screen; 5. a radar camera; 6. a rack guide rail; 7. a gear motor; 8. a weight sensor; 9. a dust collection box; 10. a driven small round bar; 11. a small active round bar; 12. a telescopic push rod; 13. a support; 14. a fixing ring; 15. an air suction pipe; 16. a suction cup; 17. a sealing machine; 18. A collection box; 19. a motor; 20. a drive shaft; 21. an air aspirator; 22. a control processor; 23. rotating the rod; 24. A drive motor; 25. a wheel; 26. an infrared distance sensor; 27. a power source; 28. a dust collection bag; 29. a cylinder; 30. A reflective warning tape; 31. a communication GPS module; 32. a storage box; 33. a solar panel; 34. an electrically controlled door; 35. a vibration motor; 36. an active motor; 37. a robotic arm.
Detailed Description
The following describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention to make the technical contents thereof clearer and easier to understand. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative, and the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the device of the invention comprises a sampling vehicle box body 1, a dust collection fan 2, a spring column 3, a screen 4, a radar camera 5, a rack guide rail 6, a gear motor 7, a weight sensor 8, a dust collection box 9, a driven small round bar 10, a driving small round bar 11, a telescopic push rod 12, a support 13, a fixing ring 14, an air suction pipe 15, a suction cup 16, a sealing machine 17, a collection box 18, a motor 19, a transmission shaft 20, an air suction device 21, a control processor 22, a rotating rod 23, a driving motor 24, wheels 25, an infrared distance sensor 26, a power supply 27, a dust collection bag 28, a cylinder 29, a reflective warning belt 30, a communication GPS module 31, a storage box 32, a solar panel 33, an electric control door 34, a vibration motor 35, a driving motor 36 and a mechanical arm 37;
the sampling vehicle box body 1 is integrally cubic, the top of the sampling vehicle box body is covered with a solar panel 33, and the tail of the sampling vehicle box body is covered with a light reflecting warning belt 30; the middle parts of the left side and the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body 1 are provided with holes;
the middle parts of the left side and the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley case body 1 are provided with holes respectively for placing an air suction pipe 15 and a mechanical arm 37;
the rotating rod 23 is positioned in the middle of the sampling trolley case body 1, and the sampling trolley case body 1 can be simply folded through the rotating rod 23;
the main body of the dust collection box 9 is in a cube shape or a cylinder 29, the lower part of the dust collection box is provided with a certain degree of closing-in, and the dust collection box 9 is positioned at the front part in the sampling vehicle box body 1;
an electric control door 34 is arranged on the right side of the top of the dust collection box 9, and the electric control door 34 can be opened and closed under the control of the control processor 22;
one end of the spring column 3 is connected with the inner wall of the top of the sampling vehicle box body 1, and the other end of the spring column is connected with the upper part of the dust collection box 9;
the dust suction air port of the dust suction fan 2 is connected with the upper part of the left side of the dust suction box 9 and can pump out air in the dust suction box 9; the dust collection fan 2 is connected with the dust collection box 9 in a certain mode;
the number of the weight sensors 8 is 3, and the weight sensors are positioned on two walls in the dust collection box 9;
the screen 4 is positioned in the dust collection box 9 in a certain slope, one end of the screen is positioned on the weight sensor 8, the other end of the screen is movably connected with the wall of the dust collection box 9, and the end, which is not contacted with the weight sensor 8, of the screen 4 is connected with the rack guide rail 6;
the mesh number of the screen meshes 4 in the dust collection box 9 is sequentially increased from top to bottom, and the screen mesh 4 with the smallest mesh number is arranged at the top;
the screen 4 can complete the setting of the particle size through the selection of the mesh number, so that different particle sizes can be selected according to actual requirements;
the screen 4 positioned at the lowest part of the dust collection box 9 is completely sealed, and any dust cannot pass through the screen 4;
the gear motor 7 is connected with the dust collection box 9 in a certain mode, the gear motor 7 is positioned below the rack guide rail 6, and a gear of the gear motor 7 can be meshed with the rack guide rail 6;
the gear motor 7 is meshed with the rack guide rail 6, when the gear motor 7 starts to rotate clockwise, the screen 4 connected with the rack guide rail 6 is pulled out, and when the gear motor 7 starts to rotate anticlockwise, the screen 4 connected with the rack guide rail 6 is pushed in;
one end of the air suction pipe 15 is connected with the top of the dust suction box 9, the other end of the air suction pipe 15 is connected with the suction cup 16, and the air suction pipe 15 is fixed at the front part of the sampling trolley box body 1 by the fixing ring 14 in the sampling trolley box body 1;
the mechanical arm 37 is positioned on the outer wall of the right side of the sampling vehicle box body 1, and the mechanical arm 37 can place the collected raised dust into the dust collection box 9 through the electric control door 34 for screening;
the radar camera 5 is positioned on the right side of the outer wall of the sampling vehicle box body 1 and is connected with the outer wall of the sampling vehicle box body; the radar camera 5 is connected with the communication GPS module 31 through a wire, and the two are electrically connected;
when the radar camera 5 recognizes that the road condition is good, the control processor 22 drives the mechanical arm 37 to complete sampling work, and when the radar camera 5 recognizes that the road condition is hollow, the control processor 22 drives the dust suction fan 2 to form a negative pressure area in the dust suction box 9, so that road raised dust is sucked into the dust suction box 9 through the suction cup 16 and the suction pipe 15;
the bottom of the bracket 13 is fixed with the bottom of the inner wall of the sampling vehicle box body 1, and the top of the bracket 13 is fixed with a telescopic push rod 12 through bolts and nuts;
the number of the telescopic push rods 12 is two, and the top of the upper telescopic push rod 12 is connected with an air suction device 21; the top of the telescopic push rod 12 positioned below is connected with a sealing machine 17;
the number of the air suction devices 21 is two, one air suction device is positioned at the left side of the closing-in below the dust suction box 9, and the other air suction device is positioned at the top of the telescopic push rod 12 at the right side of the closing-in below the dust suction box 9;
the motor 19 is positioned on the right side of the inner wall of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body 1, the motor 19 is connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body 1, one end of the transmission shaft 20 is connected with the motor 19, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the collection box 18, and the transmission shaft 20 can transmit power output by the motor 19 to the collection box 18 to drive the collection box 18 to rotate;
the collection box 18 is positioned at the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body 1, and the collection box 18 is disc-shaped or cube-shaped;
the dust bag 28 is a reel type dust bag 28, the dust bag 28 can be sleeved on a column 29, one end of the column 29 is positioned on the inner wall of one side of the collection vehicle box body, and the column can rotate to a certain degree;
one end of the driving small round bar 11 is connected with a driving motor 36, and can be driven by the driving motor 36 to rotate;
one end of the driven small round bar 10 is positioned on the inner wall of one side of the collection vehicle box body and can rotate to a certain degree;
the dust bag 28 is arranged between the two small round rods, and when the driving small round rod 11 rotates, the dust bag 28 is gradually pulled out under the action of friction force;
when the driving small round bar 11 rotates, the dust collecting bag 28 is gradually pulled out under the action of friction force; when the designated length is pulled out, the driving small round bar 11 stops rotating, the left air suction device 21 starts working to suck the dust collection bag 28, so that the left air suction device 21 and the dust collection bag 28 are temporarily adsorbed together, then the right telescopic push rod 12 starts working to push out the air suction device 21 connected to the top of the left air suction device, when the dust collection bag 28 is approached, the air suction device 21 on the right telescopic push rod 12 starts working to adsorb the dust collection bag 28, then the dust collection bag 28 is gradually pulled out along with the gradual retraction of the telescopic push rod 12, and when the telescopic push rod 12 is completely retracted, the collection of raised dust can be carried out;
furthermore, after the collection of the dust through the dust bag 28 is completed, the two telescopic push rods 12 on the bracket 13 extend out together, when the opening of the dust bag 28 becomes smaller, the sealing machine 17 fixed in front of the telescopic push rod 12 below completes the sealing of the dust bag 28, after the sealing is completed, the air suction devices 21 on the left side and the right side stop sucking air, and the dust bag 28 falls into the collection box 18 below under the action of gravity;
the dust collecting bags 28 are provided with numbers, the numbers are increased by one bit after sampling is carried out once, and the numbers are cleared and recalculated when a roll of dust collecting bags 28 is not replaced again;
the control processor 22 is positioned at the bottom of the inner wall of the sampling vehicle box body 1, the control processor 22 is connected with a communication GPS module 31, a driving motor 36, a motor 19, a dust suction fan 2, a gear motor 7, a weight sensor 8, an air suction device 21, a sealing machine 17, a driving motor 24 and an infrared distance sensor 26, and the control processor 22 is responsible for the sampling work of the whole sampling vehicle and uploads all control information to the communication GPS module 31;
the wheels 25 are positioned at the bottom of the sampling vehicle, and the infrared distance sensor 26 is positioned at the non-moving part of the wheels 25 of the sampling vehicle;
the driving motor 24 is positioned on the left side of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body 1, and the driving motor 24 is responsible for controlling the movement of the sampling vehicle;
the power supply 27 is positioned on the left side of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body 1, the power supply 27 is connected with the solar panel 33 through a wire, and the solar panel 33 can charge the power supply 27;
the communication GPS module 31 is positioned on the left side of the top of the sampling vehicle box body 1, and the communication GPS module 31 is connected with the top of the sampling vehicle box body 1;
the communication GPS module 31 can accurately position the coordinates of the sampling points in each sampling process and record the coordinates after each sampling process; and the communicating GPS module 31 may also derive relevant data; the selection of sampling points and sampling routes by sampling personnel can be received remotely, or the preset sampling points and sampling routes are executed;
the communication GPS module 31 has an automatic alarm function for equipment abnormity, and when the electricity of the sampling vehicle is too low, the sampling vehicle is positioned in a non-working area, the dust bag 28 is used up or the device has a fault, the abnormity is sent to a set mobile phone client through the communication GPS module 31;
the storage box 32 is positioned on the left side of the top of the box body and is connected with the top of the sampling trolley box body 1;
the collection box 18 has a plurality of compartments therein; after a certain number of dust bags 28 which finish dust collection are collected, the collection box 18 is driven by the motor 19 to rotate, and the next partition is used for collecting the dust bags 28, so that the subsequent sorting work of workers can be facilitated;
the storage box 32 can temporarily store the dust collecting bag 28 for collecting the raised dust and the spare winding drum dust collecting bag 28, so that the use convenience is greatly improved;
the device of the invention is used for completing the collection of road dust once.
The city selected in the embodiment is located at the edge of the basin, the annual wind speed is low, the calm wind frequency is high, the diffusion condition is poor, and the dust-haze weather is one of typical weather phenomena of the city;
the sampling point and the sampling route adopted in the implementation are preset and planned, and the sampling vehicle can also remotely reset the sampling point and the sampling route; the method plans 3 sampling points respectively arranged on an expressway, a main road, a secondary main road and a branch road of an urban road in advance, and the total number of the sampling points is 12.
The express way is connected with each main area and partial suburbs in the urban area, is connected with an important outward exit, bears the traffic of main passengers and freight in the urban area, and has larger traffic capacity and higher speed; the main road is mainly used for contacting freight transportation centers such as residential areas, industrial areas, stations, airports, ports and the like, is a road for bearing main traffic of cities, and has a certain speed for ensuring the traffic flow of the main road; the secondary main road is the most common road in the urban area, and mainly has the functions of forming an urban road network with the main road, and playing the roles of connecting all parts and collecting and distributing the main road so as to reduce the traffic flow of the main road; the branch circuit is mainly used for connecting the secondary main road with the street, and is arranged to solve the traffic of local service areas;
after a sampling person plans a sampling route according to the distance of a sampling point, a sampling vehicle is unfolded near the sampling point, a first dust collection bag is placed between two small round rods, after preliminary setting is completed, the sampling vehicle starts to move like a first sampling point according to a communication GPS module, in the moving process, a light reflection warning belt at the tail of the sampling vehicle can prompt passing vehicles, when the sampling vehicle reaches the position near the first sampling point, an infrared distance sensor located at a non-moving position of a wheel starts to work, the distance between the sampling vehicle and a curb is measured, the vehicle posture is adjusted, the distance between a sampling area and the curb is ensured to be 0.5-1.5 m, then a radar camera of the sampling vehicle starts to work, a pit to be sampled in the front is identified by the radar camera at the first sampling point, the pit is not smooth, and a control processor determines to call a dust collection mode to collect dust on the sampling point; if obvious throwing objects exist on the road surface, skipping is carried out, and sampling of the area is carried out for delayed acquisition;
then the dust collection fan starts to work, the interior of the dust collection box is pumped into negative pressure, raised dust located below the suction disc is sucked, the road raised dust reaches the dust collection box along with the air suction pipe, the road raised dust is collected into the dust collection box continuously along with the uniform and stable forward movement of the sampling vehicle, one end of a first-stage screen located in the dust collection box is in contact with a gravity sensor to serve as a stress point, the amount of sucked road raised dust can be detected preliminarily, when the collected road raised dust is less than 10g, the sampling vehicle can appropriately prolong the sampling distance, the sampling amount is ensured to be more than 10g, and the statistical significance is achieved; when the collection of the point is finished, the control processor controls the dust collection fan to stop working and starts the vibration motor;
in the embodiment, three-level screens are adopted, the aperture of the uppermost screen is 10 microns, the aperture of the middle screen is 2.5 microns, the lowermost screen is completely sealed, and after the vibration motor is started, the dust collection box can vibrate up and down continuously, so that the particle size of the sucked road dust is larger than 10 microns and is positioned above the uppermost screen, the road dust with the particle size of 2.5-10 microns is positioned above the second screen, and the road dust with the particle size of less than 2.5 microns is positioned above the third screen; after the vibration is finished, one end of the screen is in full contact with the gravity sensor, the weight of the road dust above the screen can be measured, the control processor reads the data of the weight sensor, the weight of each particle size is uploaded to the communication GPS module, the communication GPS module transmits the related particle size data to a sampling person, and the proportion of the PM2.5 and PM10 road dust on the current road can be known in real time.
Then when the driving motor drives the driving small round bar to rotate, the dust collecting bag is gradually pulled out under the action of friction force; when the set length is pulled out, the driving small round bar stops rotating, the air suction device on the left side starts to work, the dust collection bag is sucked, the air suction device on the left side and the dust collection bag are temporarily adsorbed together, then the telescopic push rod on the right side starts to work, the air suction device connected to the top of the air suction device is pushed out, when the dust collection bag is close to the dust collection bag, the air suction device on the telescopic push rod on the right side starts to work, the dust collection bag is adsorbed, then the dust collection bag is gradually pulled out along with the gradual retraction of the telescopic push rod, after the telescopic push rod is completely retracted, the dust collection bag can be completely pulled out to start collecting road raised dust, the gear motor connected to the dust collection box starts to rotate, the gear motor and the rack guide rail are meshed, when the gear motor rotates clockwise, the screen connected with the rack guide rail is pulled out for a certain distance, the vibration motor continues to vibrate under the control of the control processor, the screen also has a certain inclination, and under the combined action of gravity and the vibration motor, all raised dust attached to fall into the dust collection bag below the dust collection box; when the vibration motor continuously works for 30s, all road dust at the first sampling point enters a dust collection bag;
then the gear motor starts to rotate anticlockwise, the rack guide rail meshed with the gear motor starts to move, and therefore the screen connected with the rack guide rail is pushed; enabling the screen to be lapped above the gravity sensor again and recovering to the initial state;
then the two telescopic push rods on the bracket extend out together, so that after the opening of the dust bag is reduced, after the telescopic push rods are completely pushed out, the sealing machine fixed in front of the telescopic push rods below can complete the sealing of the dust bag, after the sealing is finished, the air suction devices on the left side and the right side stop sucking air, and after the dust bag is not attracted by the air suction devices, the dust bag can fall into the collection box below under the action of gravity;
the collection of the road raised dust of the first sampling point is completed, and then the sampling work of the rest sampling points is continuously completed according to the preset route, when the collection of the raised dust of 3 sampling points is completed, the collection box can rotate under the driving of a motor and is switched to the next partition for collecting the dust collection bag, so that the sorting work of subsequent workers can be facilitated;
during specific implementation, a sampling person can know the distribution conditions of PM2.5 and PM10 in the road dust through data returned by the communication GPS module in real time;
when the communication GPS module is used, the problems of the sampling vehicle can be transmitted back to a sampling person by the communication GPS module after the roll type dust collecting bag hung on the cylinder is used, the sampling person can replace the standby roll type dust collecting bag stored in the storage box, and the dust collecting bag which is used for completing sampling work in the collecting box is taken back to a test room or is placed in the storage box for temporary storage.
The statistical data of the last 12 samples obtained in real time are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Sampling vehicle collection | Average dust load g/m 2 | PM2.5 ratio | Ratio of PM10 | >PM10 ratio |
| Express way | 0.821 | 12.40％ | 18.40％ | 69.20％ |
| Main road | 0.582 | 13.40％ | 18.80％ | 67.80％ |
| Secondary trunk road | 0.672 | 12.30％ | 21.50％ | 66.20％ |
| Branch circuit | 1.208 | 13.20％ | 22.30％ | 64.50％ |
Comparative example 1, sampling of domestic traditional sampling method to finish one-time collection of road raised dust
The road selected by the comparative example 1 is almost consistent with the collection point of the example 1, but the collection is carried out again after one week, the time of one week is enough for the road to be paved with the road dust with statistical significance, because the collection is manual collection, the collection can be carried out only in the working hours of working days, at the present day that the urban vehicles are increasingly increased, the operability of manually defining the dust collection sampling range in the normal working period in the daytime is limited, the road traffic is seriously influenced, the safety of sampling personnel can not be guaranteed, the dust deposited on the road is manually collected by a dust collection device under the condition of ensuring the safety, and the dust collection device is loaded into a dust collection bag and then is taken back to a laboratory for centralized processing and analysis. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Manual collection | Average dust load g/m 2 | PM2.5 ratio | PM10 ratio | >PM10 ratio |
| Express way | 0.723 | 12.60％ | 18.40％ | 69.00％ |
| Main road | 0.502 | 13.70％ | 18.40％ | 67.90％ |
| Secondary trunk road | 0.652 | 12.10％ | 21.50％ | 66.40％ |
| Branch circuit | 1.048 | 13.00％ | 22.20％ | 64.80％ |
And (4) analyzing results: by comparing tables 1 and 2, the sampling vehicle is different from the manual sampling. Because the sampling time is in winter, the humidity is relatively low and the wind speed is high in winter, dust on the road surface is almost swept completely due to high wind speed, and the load of the dust on the road surface is low; in case of collection in summer, rainfall is more in summer, and muddy water formed by mixing accumulated dust on the non-motor vehicle lane and precipitation after precipitation is easily brought into the motor vehicle lane by pedestrians and vehicles, so that the road accumulated dust load of the motor vehicle lane is increased. The two collection modes are that the dust collection of the branch road is the most, and probably the branch road cleaning times are less than that of other roads with larger traffic flow, and the cleaning times are less, so that more dust is accumulated. The average dust load of the manually collected roads is reduced to a certain extent compared with that of the collected roads collected by a sampling vehicle, and the possible reasons are that the manual collection is performed on the urban roads, so that the collection time is fast, the collection standard is not strictly executed, the collection time is insufficient, and the collection cannot be performed according to the standard.
Through comparing in both road raise dust, PM2.5, PM 10's proportion can be found, and both differences are little, show that this sampling car is not big with the difference that laboratory equipment measured out in the accuracy of dividing on the sieve fast, but can real-time reaction go out urban road raise dust PM2.5 proportion and distribute, convenient and fast more.
In summary, according to the technical scheme of the patent, the solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling the open source of the raised dust on the road is used, has multiple sampling modes, can be flexibly selected according to the road, and has no personal danger for sampling on the road, and a sampling person can remotely set a sampling point and a sampling route; the device has low cost, and dust emission data of each particle size can be obtained preliminarily in real time; the portable sampling device has the advantages of being simple in folding, convenient to carry, strong in practicability, capable of having the function of uploading alarm after equipment is abnormal, small in interference of human factors on sampling results, stable in sampling results and large in referential significance.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open sources of raised dust on roads is characterized by comprising a sampling vehicle box body (1), a dust collection fan (2), a spring column (3), a screen (4), a radar camera (5), a rack guide rail (6), a gear motor (7), a weight sensor (8), a dust collection box (9), a driven small round bar (10), a driving small round bar (11), a telescopic push rod (12), a support (13), a fixing ring (14), an air suction pipe (15), a suction cup (16), a sealing machine (17), a collection box (18), a motor (19), a transmission shaft (20), an air suction device (21), a control processor (22), a rotary rod (23), a driving motor (24), wheels (25), an infrared distance sensor (26), a power supply (27), a dust collection bag (28), a cylinder (29), a light reflection warning belt (30), a communication GPS module (31), a storage box (32), a solar panel (33), an electric control door (34), a vibration motor (35), a driving motor (36) and a mechanical arm (37);
the sampling vehicle box body (1) is integrally cubic, the top of the sampling vehicle box body is covered with a solar panel (33), and the tail of the sampling vehicle box body is covered with a reflective warning belt (30); holes are formed in the middle of the left side and the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body (1);
the rotary rod (23) is positioned in the middle of the sampling trolley box body (1), and the sampling trolley box body (1) can be simply folded through the rotary rod (23);
the main body of the dust collection box (9) is in a cube shape or a cylinder (29), the lower part of the main body is closed to a certain degree, and the dust collection box (9) is positioned at the front part in the sampling vehicle box body (1);
an electric control door (34) is arranged on the right side of the top of the dust collection box (9), and the electric control door (34) can be opened and closed under the control of the control processor (22);
one end of the spring column (3) is connected with the inner wall of the top of the sampling trolley box body (1), and the other end of the spring column is connected with the upper part of the dust collection box (9);
a dust suction air port of the dust suction fan (2) is connected with the upper part of the left side of the dust suction box (9) and can pump out air in the dust suction box (9); the dust collection fan (2) is connected with the dust collection box (9) in a certain mode;
2-5 weight sensors (8) are arranged on two walls in the dust collection box (9);
the screen (4) is positioned in the dust collection box (9) in a certain slope, one end of the screen is positioned on the weight sensor (8), the other end of the screen is movably connected with the wall of the dust collection box (9), and one end of the screen (4), which is not contacted with the weight sensor (8), is connected with a rack guide rail (6);
the gear motor (7) is connected with the dust collection box (9) in a certain mode, the gear motor (7) is positioned below the rack guide rail (6), and a gear of the gear motor (7) can be meshed with the rack guide rail (6);
one end of the air suction pipe (15) is connected with the top of the dust suction box (9), the other end of the air suction pipe is connected with the sucker (16), and the air suction pipe (15) is fixed at the front part of the sampling trolley box body (1) by a fixing ring (14) in the sampling trolley box body (1);
the mechanical arm (37) is positioned on the outer wall of the right side of the sampling vehicle box body (1), and the mechanical arm (37) can put collected flying dust into the dust collection box (9) through the electric control door (34) for screening;
the radar camera (5) is positioned on the right side of the outer wall of the sampling car box body (1) and is connected with the outer wall of the sampling car box body; the radar camera (5) is connected with the communication GPS module (31) through a wire, and the radar camera and the communication GPS module are electrically connected;
the bottom of the support (13) is fixed with the bottom of the inner wall of the sampling trolley box body (1), and a telescopic push rod (12) is fixed to the top of the support (13) through bolts and nuts;
the number of the telescopic push rods (12) is two, and the top of the telescopic push rod (12) positioned above is connected with an air suction device (21); the top of the lower telescopic push rod (12) is connected with a sealing machine (17);
the two air suction devices (21) are arranged, one air suction device is positioned at the closing-in left side below the dust suction box (9), and the other air suction device is positioned at the top of the right telescopic push rod (12) at the closing-in right side below the dust suction box (9);
the motor (19) is positioned on the right side of the inner wall of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body (1), the motor (19) is connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body (1), one end of the transmission shaft (20) is connected with the motor (19), the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the collection box (18), and the transmission shaft (20) can transmit power output by the motor (19) to the collection box (18) to drive the collection box (18) to rotate;
the collection box (18) is positioned on the right side of the bottom of the sampling trolley box body (1), and the collection box (18) is disc-shaped or cube-shaped;
the dust collecting bag (28) is a reel type dust collecting bag (28), the dust collecting bag (28) can be sleeved on a cylinder (29), one end of the cylinder (29) is positioned on the inner wall of one side of the collecting vehicle box body and can rotate to a certain degree;
one end of the driving small round bar (11) is connected with a driving motor (36) and can be driven by the driving motor (36) to rotate;
one end of the driven small round bar (10) is positioned on the inner wall of one side of the collection vehicle box body and can rotate to a certain degree;
the dust bag (28) is arranged between the two small round rods, and when the driving small round rod (11) rotates, the dust bag (28) can be gradually pulled out under the action of friction force;
the control processor (22) is positioned at the bottom of the inner wall of the sampling vehicle box body (1), the control processor (22) is connected with a communication GPS module (31), a driving motor (36), a motor (19), a dust suction fan (2), a gear motor (7), a weight sensor (8), an air suction device (21), a sealing machine (17), a driving motor (24), an infrared distance sensor (26), and the control processor (22) is responsible for the sampling work of the whole sampling vehicle and uploads all control information to the communication GPS module (31);
the wheels (25) are positioned at the bottom of the sampling vehicle, and the infrared distance sensor (26) is positioned at the non-moving part of the wheels (25) of the sampling vehicle;
the driving motor (24) is positioned on the left side of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body (1), and the driving motor (24) is responsible for controlling the movement of the sampling vehicle;
the power supply (27) is positioned on the left side of the bottom of the sampling vehicle box body (1), the power supply (27) is connected with the solar panel (33) through a conducting wire, and the solar panel (33) can charge the power supply (27);
the communication GPS module (31) is positioned on the left side of the top of the sampling vehicle box body (1), and the communication GPS module (31) is connected with the top of the sampling vehicle box body (1);
the storage box (32) is positioned on the left side of the top of the box body and is connected with the top of the sampling trolley box body (1).
2. The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open sources of road dust according to claim 1,
the mesh number of the screen (4) in the dust collection box (9) is sequentially increased from top to bottom, and the screen (4) with the smallest mesh number is arranged at the top;
the screen (4) can complete the setting of the particle size through the selection of the mesh number, so that different particle sizes can be selected according to actual requirements;
the screen (4) located at the lowest part of the dust collection box (9) is completely sealed, and any dust cannot pass through the screen (4).
3. The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open source of road dust according to claim 1,
when the driving small round bar (11) rotates, the dust collecting bag (28) is gradually pulled out under the action of friction force; when the designated length is pulled out, the driving small round bar (11) stops rotating, the left air suction device (21) starts to work, the dust collection bag (28) is sucked, so that the left air suction device (21) and the dust collection bag (28) are temporarily adsorbed together, then the right telescopic push rod (12) starts to work, the air suction device (21) connected to the top of the dust collection bag is pushed out, after the dust collection bag (28) is approached, the air suction device (21) on the right telescopic push rod (12) starts to work, the dust collection bag (28) is adsorbed, then the dust collection bag (28) is gradually pulled along with the gradual retraction of the telescopic push rod (12), and after the telescopic push rod (12) is completely retracted, the raised dust collection can be carried out.
4. The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open source of road dust according to claim 1,
after the raised dust is collected through the dust collection bag (28), two telescopic push rods (12) positioned on the bracket (13) can extend out together, when the opening of the dust collection bag (28) is reduced, a sealing machine (17) fixed in front of the lower telescopic push rod (12) can seal the dust collection bag (28), after the sealing is finished, the air suction devices (21) positioned at the left side and the right side stop sucking air, and the dust collection bag (28) can fall into the lower collection box (18) under the action of gravity;
the collection box (18) is internally provided with a plurality of partitions; after collecting a certain number of dust collecting bags (28) which finish dust collecting work, the collecting box (18) can rotate under the driving of the motor (19) and is switched to the next partition for collecting the dust collecting bags (28), so that the sorting work of subsequent workers can be facilitated.
5. The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open source of road dust according to claim 1,
the communication GPS module (31) can accurately position the coordinates of the sampling points in each sampling process and record the coordinates after each sampling process is finished; and the communication GPS module (31) can also derive the relevant data; the selection of sampling points and sampling routes by sampling personnel can be remotely accepted, or the preset sampling points and sampling routes are executed;
the communication GPS module (31) has an automatic alarm function for equipment abnormity, and when the electricity of the sampling vehicle is too low, the sampling vehicle is positioned in a non-working area, the dust bag (28) runs out or the device fails, the abnormity is sent to a set mobile phone client through the communication GPS module (31).
6. The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open source of road dust according to claim 1,
the number of the rack guide rail (6), the gear motor (7) and the weight sensor (8) is equal; the weight sensors (8) are distributed in a left-right alternating manner;
there is the meshing between gear motor (7) and rack guide rail (6), can pull out screen cloth (4) that have the connection with rack guide rail (6) after gear motor (7) begin to rotate clockwise, can impel screen cloth (4) that have the connection with rack guide rail (6) after gear motor (7) begin to rotate anticlockwise.
7. The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open source of road dust according to claim 1,
the number is arranged on the dust collecting bag (28), the number is increased by one bit after sampling is carried out once, and the number is cleared and recalculated when one roll of the dust collecting bag (28) is not replaced;
the storage box (32) can temporarily store the dust collecting bag (28) for collecting the raised dust and the spare winding drum dust collecting bag (28), so that the use convenience is greatly improved.
8. The solar automatic sampling vehicle for sampling open sources of road dust according to claim 1,
when the radar camera (5) identifies that the road condition is good, the control processor (22) drives the mechanical arm (37) to complete sampling work, and when the radar camera (5) identifies that the road condition is hollow, the control processor (22) drives the dust suction fan (2) to form a negative pressure area in the dust suction box (9), and road raised dust is sucked into the dust suction box (9) through the suction disc (16) and the suction pipe (15).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116499846A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-07-28 | 潍坊优特检测服务有限公司 | Road raise dust monitoring system based on laser scattering method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116499846A (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-07-28 | 潍坊优特检测服务有限公司 | Road raise dust monitoring system based on laser scattering method |
| CN116499846B (en) * | 2023-06-27 | 2023-09-12 | 潍坊优特检测服务有限公司 | Road raise dust monitoring system based on laser scattering method |
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