CN115491549A - High-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to an aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.1 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Li, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sc, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Y, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of Cu, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, smelting, refining, filtering, casting and homogenizing. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the aluminum alloy material has the advantages of high strength, high toughness, high hardness, high conductivity, high fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance, good superplasticity, good applicability, wide application range, high automation degree of the preparation method and high production efficiency, so that the prepared aluminum alloy material can be used for manufacturing shells and fuel tanks of spacecrafts, battery trays of new energy automobiles, automobile lightweight steering system parts, anti-collision beams, railway vehicle boxes and interior trim parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Aluminum is the most widely used non-ferrous structural material in industry, and is widely used in aviation, aerospace, automotive, machinery manufacturing, marine and chemical industries. With the rapid development of science and technology and industrial economy, the demand of aluminum is increasing, and the requirements on the performance of aluminum and its alloy are also increasing. Aluminum belongs to a light metal material, and a compact and firm Al2O3 protective film is easily formed on the surface of the aluminum and the alloy thereof. The protective film is destroyed only by the action of the halogen ions or the alkali ions. Therefore, aluminum has excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion and water corrosion. The aluminum has good plasticity, can be rolled into thin plates and foils, can be drawn into pipes and thin wires, can be extruded into various civil sections, and can also be machined at the maximum speed which can be reached by most machine tools, such as turning, milling, boring, planing and the like. The industrial pure aluminum has the general characteristics of aluminum, and has the advantages of low density, good corrosion resistance and good plastic processing performance. However, while having the above advantages, commercial purity aluminum has some problems, most notably insufficient strength and toughness.
The chemical components in the alloy are considered to be one of the key factors determining the strength of the alloy, the main alloy elements are low in strength and good in toughness, corrosion resistance and ingot formability, and the main alloy elements are high in strength and low in toughness and corrosion resistance, and the casting formability is reduced along with the increase of the content of the main alloy elements. That is, the toughness, corrosion resistance, formability, and the like are sacrificed to obtain a high-strength alloy material. In the prior art, metals such as Zn, cu and Mg are usually added to increase the strength of the aluminum alloy, but the addition of the metals such as Zn, cu and Mg increases the strength of the aluminum alloy, but correspondingly sacrifices the advantages of part of industrial pure aluminum, such as toughness, corrosion resistance and formability.
At present, with the continuous development of science and technology, the requirements of high and new technology on materials are higher and higher. The aluminum alloy material is used as a multi-performance material which is beneficial to light weight of equipment, the demand is higher and higher, the application is wider and wider, so the requirement on the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy material is higher and higher, and an aluminum alloy material with high strength and high toughness is urgently needed to replace a common aluminum alloy material on the market so as to expand the application field of the aluminum alloy material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material has the advantages of high strength, high toughness, high hardness, high conductivity, high fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance, good superplasticity, good applicability and wide application range.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.1 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Li, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sc, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Y, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of Cu, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
By adopting the technical scheme: the polycrystalline metal material is obtained by adding a small amount of copper, manganese, lithium, scandium and yttrium alloy elements on the basis of aluminum, magnesium and silicon alloy, improving the room temperature strength, toughness and plasticity of the material by refining crystal grains, wherein the strength and conductivity of the aluminum alloy material can be improved and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy can be enhanced by adding a small amount of copper, the proportion of iron, silicon and other impurity atoms entering into solid solution can be reduced by adding a trace amount of lithium element, the rigidity is increased, the strength, toughness, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy material are improved, the recrystallization is hindered by adding a proper amount of lithium and yttrium, the recrystallization crystal grains are refined, the probability of iron, silicon and other impurity atoms entering into the solid solution is reduced, the nucleation rate is improved, the number of crystal grains in a unit volume of aluminum melt is increased, an as-cast structure is refined, the impurity elements in the solid solution can be removed by the purification effect of yttrium, the number of air holes is reduced, the improvement of the heat conduction and heat conduction of the aluminum alloy is facilitated, the grain refinement can be promoted, the strength, hardness, welding performance, the corrosion resistance and the plasticity of the alloy material can be better than the high-resistance and the high-plasticity-resistance of the super-ductility-resistant aluminum alloy material.
The invention is further configured to: the paint also comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr is less than or equal to 0.30 percent, fe is less than or equal to 0.20 percent, zn is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, and Ti is less than or equal to 0.20 percent.
The invention is further configured to: the Mg content is 0.90%, and the Si content is 0.10%. 0.20% of Li, 0.20% of Sc, 0.50% of Y, 0.50% of Mn and 0.50% of Cu.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing materials: preparing raw materials, namely 50-100 parts by weight of aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, 10-15 parts by weight of aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy, 8-24 parts by weight of aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy, 965-985 parts by weight of aluminum ingot and 6-12 parts by weight of blocky pure magnesium ingot, cleaning the raw materials and then drying the cleaned raw materials;
2) Smelting: putting the raw materials processed in the step 1) into an automatic production line of a smelting furnace, realizing the proportional mixing of the raw materials under the control of an automatic feeding control system, automatically and circularly continuously putting the raw materials into the smelting furnace, firstly putting an aluminum ingot, raising the temperature to 700-710 ℃, heating and melting, putting an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy after the aluminum ingot is melted into molten aluminum, jointly heating to 720-760 ℃ for melting, putting a massive pure magnesium ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, continuously heating to form a melt, and discharging flue gas generated by the smelting furnace after being purified by an oil discharge purification device;
3) Refining: introducing the melt prepared in the step 2) into a refining furnace, blowing a solvent into the refining furnace through inert gas, refining the melt by adopting an inert gas-flux mixing refining method, controlling the refining temperature to be 730-760 ℃ and the time to be 15-30 minutes, and standing for 40 minutes after the refining is finished;
4) And (3) filtering: introducing the melt refined in the step 3) into an online filtering device for filtering to remove nonmetallic inclusions;
5) Casting: casting the melt processed in the step 4), and controlling the temperature at 695-710 ℃ to obtain an aluminum bar;
6) Homogenization: homogenizing the aluminum bar, keeping the temperature at 560-580 ℃ for 5-8 hours, discharging, and rapidly cooling by air cooling and water mist cooling after discharging to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Through adopting the above technical scheme, the high-pressure heater is simple in operation, the front and back step links up in order, the technology continuity is good, degree of automation is high, can effectively reduce the defective percentage, production efficiency is higher, accord with aluminum alloy material mass production's needs, and the automatic mixing through automatic feed control system control raw materials, realize the automation of raw materials, cycle input, feeding efficiency is high, realize automation, intelligent production, production efficiency has both been promoted, product quality has been promoted again, and the flue gas can be discharged after oil extraction purifier purifies, thereby can avoid the polluted environment, accord with the theory of environmental protection production.
The invention is further configured to: the automatic feeding control system in the step 2) comprises a control module, wherein the control module is connected with an automatic weighing and batching module, an automatic conveying and feeding module and an online continuous feeding module, the weighing and batching module is connected with the automatic conveying and feeding module, the automatic conveying and feeding module is connected with the online continuous feeding module, and the control module is used for automatically issuing a control command to realize real-time control over the automatic weighing and batching module, the automatic conveying and feeding module and the online continuous feeding module.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, owing to be provided with automatic feed control system, can issue control command automatically in order to realize the real-time control to automatic weighing batching module, automatic transport feed module and online continuous feeding module through control module, can realize the proportional mixing of raw materials through automatic weighing batching module, mix the back of accomplishing, cooperation through automatic transport feed module and online continuous feeding module, can be automatic with the raw materials, the circulation drops into the smelting furnace in succession, then through automatic feed control system's setting, can carry out intelligent control to the joining of raw materials, make aluminium alloy material's preparation safer, stable, high-efficient, production efficiency is higher.
The invention is further configured to: the control module comprises a control unit, a data acquisition unit and a monitoring unit, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises a weighing sensor and a temperature sensor, and the monitoring unit comprises a camera and a touch display screen.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because control module includes the control unit, data acquisition unit and monitor cell, and the data acquisition unit includes weighing sensor and temperature sensor, can carry out automatic weighing to the raw materials through weighing sensor and temperature sensor, automatic temperature measurement, and upload data information, realize the real-time collection of data, the monitor cell includes camera and touch display screen, can monitor the feeding condition of raw materials through the camera, and watch in real time through touch display screen, thereby realize visual control, promote the security of aluminum alloy material production.
The invention also provides application of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material, and the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material is used for manufacturing shells and fuel tanks of spacecrafts.
The invention further provides that the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material is also used for manufacturing boxes and interior trim parts of railway vehicles.
The invention is further arranged that the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material is also used for manufacturing battery trays of new energy automobiles, automobile light-weight steering system parts and anti-collision beams.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aluminum alloy material has high strength, high toughness, high hardness, high conductivity, high fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance and good superplasticity, and has good applicability and wide application range;
2. the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material is simple to operate, has the advantages of orderly connection of the front step and the rear step, good process continuity and high automation degree, can effectively reduce the defective rate, has higher production efficiency, meets the requirement of mass production of the aluminum alloy material, realizes automatic and intelligent production, improves the production efficiency and the product quality, can avoid environmental pollution, and meets the concept of environment-friendly production;
3. the aluminum alloy material has wide application and stronger applicability, and can endow products with excellent comprehensive performance.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.1 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Li, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sc, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Y, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of Cu, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and also comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr is less than or equal to 0.30 percent, fe is less than or equal to 0.20 percent, zn is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, and Ti is less than or equal to 0.20 percent, wherein Mg is 0.90 percent, and Si is 0.10 percent. 0.20% of Li, 0.20% of Sc, 0.50% of Y, 0.50% of Mn and 0.50% of Cu.
The invention takes aluminum as a matrix, and on the basis of aluminum, magnesium and silicon alloy, the main strengthening phase is Mg 2 Si, based on the multi-element and small-amount alloying principle, adding small amount of alloy elements such as copper, manganese, lithium, scandium and yttrium, improving the room temperature strength, toughness and plasticity of the material by refining crystal grains to obtain a polycrystalline metal material, and hardly enabling dislocation to slip from one crystal grain to another crystal grain in the stress deformation process of the polycrystalline metal material so as to improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy materialThe strength and the conductivity of the aluminum alloy material can be improved and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy can be enhanced by adding a small amount of copper, the specific gravity of the alloy can be reduced by adding trace lithium elements, the rigidity is increased, the strength, the toughness, the fatigue resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy material are improved, the recrystallization can be hindered and the recrystallization grains can be refined by adding a proper amount of lithium and yttrium, when the alloy is solidified, the solid solubility of yttrium in aluminum is small, most of yttrium elements are enriched in a liquid phase boundary layer at the front edge of an interface and generate strong interaction with impurity elements, the probability of impurity atoms such as iron, silicon and the like entering solid solution is reduced, the concentration gradient of yttrium and other elements in the liquid phase at the front edge of a solid-liquid phase interface is increased, a component supercooling zone is generated, when the component supercooling degree is greater than the critical supercooling degree required for forming new crystal nuclei, the nucleation rate is improved, and the chemical property of yttrium is active, the compound is generated with other impurity elements, some of the formed compounds can be used as heterogeneous crystal nuclei, the growth of columnar crystals is inhibited by the formation of a large number of new crystal nuclei, the electronegativity of yttrium is smaller than that of aluminum, the substituted aluminum melt is formed after being dissolved in an aluminum matrix and is easy to fill up the surface defects of an alloy phase, the nucleation of the aluminum melt is facilitated, the number of crystal grains in the unit volume of the aluminum melt is increased, an as-cast structure is refined, yttrium belongs to a surface active element and is easy to concentrate at the front edge of a solid-liquid phase interface, so that the alpha-Al crystal grain growth is inhibited, the refinement of the crystal grains is further promoted, the yttrium has a purification effect, impurity elements such as H, O, S and the like in a solid solution can be removed, the number of air holes is reduced, the heat conduction performance and the electric conduction performance of the aluminum alloy material are improved, and the grain refinement can be promoted by adding trace scandium, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy material is improved, the hardness, the welding performance, the corrosion resistance and the like are greatly improved, scandium has a good dispersion strengthening effect on aluminum, a stable non-recrystallization structure is kept in a hot processing or annealing treatment state, the recrystallization structure of a weld heat affected zone can be eliminated through the inhibition effect of scandium on recrystallization, a subgrain structure of a matrix can be directly transited to an as-cast structure of a weld joint, a welded joint containing scandium aluminum alloy has high strength and corrosion resistance, an aluminum alloy material can have good superplasticity through scandium addition, and the prepared aluminum alloy material has the material proportion through the scandium-containing aluminum alloy-based alloyThe aluminum alloy material has high strength, high toughness, high hardness, high conductivity, high fatigue resistance, high corrosion resistance, good superplasticity, good applicability and wide application range.
A preparation method of an aluminum alloy material with high strength and high toughness comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing materials: preparing raw materials, namely 50-100 parts by weight of aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, 10-15 parts by weight of aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy, 8-24 parts by weight of aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy, 965-985 parts by weight of aluminum ingot and 6-12 parts by weight of blocky pure magnesium ingot, cleaning the raw materials and then drying the cleaned raw materials;
2) Smelting: putting the raw materials processed in the step 1) into an automatic production line of a smelting furnace, realizing the proportional mixing of the raw materials under the control of an automatic feeding control system, automatically and circularly continuously putting the raw materials into the smelting furnace, firstly putting an aluminum ingot, raising the temperature to 700-710 ℃, heating and melting, putting an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy after the aluminum ingot is melted into molten aluminum, jointly heating to 720-760 ℃ for melting, putting a massive pure magnesium ingot for continuously heating after the aluminum ingot is completely melted to form a melt, purifying and then discharging flue gas generated by the smelting furnace through an oil discharge purification device, so that the discharged flue gas can reach the emission standard of industrial waste gas;
3) Refining: introducing the melt prepared in the step 2) into a refining furnace, blowing a solvent into the melt through inert gas, refining the melt by adopting an inert gas-flux mixing refining method, controlling the refining temperature to be 730-760 ℃, and the refining time to be 15-30 minutes, wherein the inert gas adopts high-purity nitrogen with the purity of not less than 99.997%, the flux adopts powdery flux consisting of 45% of KCl, 25% of NaCl and 26% of Na3AlF6 in percentage by weight respectively, the dosage of the flux is 2kg/t of the weight ratio of the melt, removing scum on the surface of the melt after the refining is finished, and standing for 40 minutes;
4) And (3) filtering: introducing the melt refined in the step 3) into an online filtering device for filtering to remove nonmetallic inclusions;
5) Casting: casting the melt processed in the step 4), and controlling the temperature at 695-710 ℃ to obtain an aluminum bar;
6) Homogenizing: homogenizing the aluminum bar, keeping the temperature at 560-580 ℃ for 5-8 hours, discharging, and rapidly cooling by air cooling and water mist cooling after discharging to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Wherein, the automatic feed control system in step 2) includes control module, control module is connected with automatic weighing batching module, automatic conveying feeding module and online continuous feeding module, and weighing batching module is connected with automatic conveying feeding module, automatic conveying feeding module is connected with online continuous feeding module, control module can issue control command automatically in order to realize the automatic weighing batching module, the real-time control of automatic conveying feeding module and online continuous feeding module, and control module includes the control unit, data acquisition unit and monitoring unit, the data acquisition unit includes weighing sensor and temperature sensor, the monitoring unit includes camera and touch display screen.
The invention adopts the preparation method flow of material preparation, smelting, refining, filtering, casting and homogenization, has simple operation, ordered connection of the front and rear steps, good process continuity, high automation degree, high production efficiency and high production efficiency, can effectively reduce defective rate, meets the requirement of mass production of aluminum alloy materials, controls automatic mixing of raw materials by an automatic feeding control system in the smelting step, realizes automatic and cyclic input of the raw materials, has high feeding efficiency, realizes automatic and intelligent production, improves the production efficiency and the product quality, and can discharge flue gas generated by production after being purified by an oil discharge purification device, thereby avoiding environmental pollution and meeting the concept of environmental protection production.
The automatic feeding control system is arranged, control commands can be automatically issued through the control module to achieve real-time control over the automatic weighing and proportioning module, the automatic conveying and feeding module and the online continuous feeding module, when the automatic feeding control system detects that raw material addition needs to be executed, the control module issues the control commands to the automatic weighing and proportioning module, the automatic weighing and proportioning module automatically weighs raw materials to a target amount according to a formula and automatically conveys the prepared raw materials to a mixing station for automatic mixing, proportional mixing of the raw materials is achieved, after mixing is completed, the control module issues the control commands to the automatic conveying and feeding module, the automatic conveying and feeding module automatically conveys the mixed raw materials to the smelting furnace, the control module detects raw material information, the control commands are issued to the online continuous feeding module, the online continuous feeding module can continuously feed the raw materials into the smelting furnace, the raw materials can be automatically and circularly continuously fed into the smelting furnace through cooperation of the automatic conveying and feeding module, and the automatic feeding control system can be used for achieving intelligent control over the addition of the raw materials, intelligent preparation of aluminum alloy materials is enabled, and efficient and stable, and production efficiency is high.
Because control module includes the control unit, data acquisition unit and monitor unit, and the data acquisition unit includes weighing sensor and temperature sensor, can carry out automatic weighing to the raw materials through weighing sensor and temperature sensor, automatic temperature measurement, and upload data information, realize the real-time collection of data, the monitor unit includes camera and touch display screen, can monitor the feeding condition of raw materials through the camera, and watch in real time through touch display screen, thereby realize visual control, promote the security of aluminum alloy material production.
The aluminum alloy material prepared by the preparation method of the invention is subjected to performance detection, the detection of tensile strength, yield strength and elongation rate adopts GB/T228-2002 metal material room temperature tensile test method, and the detection data are as follows: in the hot working and natural aging T1 state, the performance indexes of the aluminum alloy material are as follows: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 340MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 290MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 12 percent; in the hot working and artificial aging T6 state, the performance indexes of the aluminum alloy material are as follows: the tensile strength is more than or equal to 400Mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 340Mpa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10%.
As can be seen from the detection results, the aluminum alloy material prepared by the invention has excellent effects on both strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance.
The invention relates to the use of a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material, wherein the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material is used for manufacturing a shell and a fuel tank of a spacecraft.
For the application of the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material, the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material is also used for manufacturing the box body and the interior trim part of the railway vehicle.
The high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material has high toughness, high conductivity and good plasticity, and is high in hardness and wear resistance, so that the aluminum alloy material can be suitable for manufacturing special-shaped parts with complex structures, precise sizes and high structural strength requirements, and is favorable for manufacturing battery trays of new energy automobiles, light-weight steering system parts of automobiles and anti-collision beams, and the products have good comprehensive performance.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material is characterized in that: the paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Mg, 0.9 to 1.1 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Li, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Sc, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Y, 0.45 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.40 to 0.50 percent of Cu, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
2. A high strength and high toughness aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the paint also comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr is less than or equal to 0.30 percent, fe is less than or equal to 0.20 percent, zn is less than or equal to 0.10 percent, and Ti is less than or equal to 0.20 percent.
3. A high strength and high toughness aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the Mg content is 0.90%, and the Si content is 0.10%. 0.20% of Li, 0.20% of Sc, 0.50% of Y, 0.50% of Mn and 0.50% of Cu.
4. A method for producing a high strength and high toughness aluminum alloy material as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing materials: preparing raw materials, namely 50-100 parts by weight of aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, 10-15 parts by weight of aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy, 8-24 parts by weight of aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy, 965-985 parts by weight of aluminum ingot and 6-12 parts by weight of blocky pure magnesium ingot, cleaning the raw materials and then drying the cleaned raw materials;
2) Smelting: putting the raw materials treated in the step 1) into an automatic production line of a smelting furnace, realizing the proportional mixing of the raw materials through the control of an automatic feeding control system, automatically and circularly continuously putting the raw materials into the smelting furnace, firstly putting an aluminum ingot, raising the temperature to 700-710 ℃, heating and melting, putting an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-lithium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-rare earth intermediate alloy after the aluminum ingot is melted into aluminum liquid, heating to 720-760 ℃ together for melting, putting a massive pure magnesium ingot for continuously heating after the aluminum ingot is completely melted to form a melt, and discharging flue gas generated by the smelting furnace after being purified by an oil discharge and purification device;
3) Refining: introducing the melt prepared in the step 2) into a refining furnace, blowing a solvent into the refining furnace through inert gas, refining the melt by adopting an inert gas-flux mixing refining method, controlling the refining temperature to be 730-760 ℃, keeping the refining temperature for 15-30 minutes, and standing for 40 minutes after the refining is finished;
4) And (3) filtering: introducing the melt refined in the step 3) into an online filtering device for filtering to remove nonmetallic inclusions;
5) Casting: casting the melt processed in the step 4), and controlling the temperature at 695-710 ℃ to obtain an aluminum bar;
6) Homogenizing: homogenizing the aluminum bar, keeping the temperature at 560-580 ℃ for 5-8 hours, discharging, and rapidly cooling by air cooling and water mist cooling after discharging to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the automatic feeding control system in the step 2) comprises a control module, wherein the control module is connected with an automatic weighing and batching module, an automatic conveying and feeding module and an online continuous feeding module, the weighing and batching module is connected with the automatic conveying and feeding module, the automatic conveying and feeding module is connected with the online continuous feeding module, and the control module is used for automatically issuing a control command to realize the real-time control over the automatic weighing and batching module, the automatic conveying and feeding module and the online continuous feeding module.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy material with high strength and high toughness as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the control module comprises a control unit, a data acquisition unit and a monitoring unit, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises a weighing sensor and a temperature sensor, and the monitoring unit comprises a camera and a touch display screen.
7. Use of a high strength and high toughness aluminium alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material is used for manufacturing outer shells and fuel tanks of spacecrafts.
8. Use of a high strength and high toughness aluminium alloy material according to claim 7, characterised in that: the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material is also used for manufacturing box bodies and interior trim parts of railway vehicles.
9. Use of a high strength and high toughness aluminium alloy material according to claim 7, characterised in that: the high-strength high-toughness aluminum alloy material is also used for manufacturing battery trays of new energy automobiles, automobile lightweight steering system parts and anti-collision beams.
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