CN115491532A - High-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115491532A CN115491532A CN202211354635.2A CN202211354635A CN115491532A CN 115491532 A CN115491532 A CN 115491532A CN 202211354635 A CN202211354635 A CN 202211354635A CN 115491532 A CN115491532 A CN 115491532A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of corrosion-resistance alloy materials and preparation thereof. A high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy is characterized in that: the alloy contains five metal elements of Nb, ti, cr, A and Zr, and the Nb:18 to 22 percent, ti:18 to 22%, cr:18 to 22%, A:18 to 22%, zr:18 to 22% and unavoidable impurities; and A is V or Mo. The high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and the preparation method thereof are adopted, and the prepared alloy is high in strength, excellent in corrosion resistance, simple in preparation process, convenient and fast to operate and capable of being widely popularized and used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of corrosion-resistance alloy materials and preparation thereof.
Background
The titanium alloy has better corrosion resistance in seawater, so the titanium alloy is the most ideal equipment manufacturing material in marine environment, and the use of the titanium alloy can greatly improve the fighting capacity of naval ships and equipment, reduce the maintenance cost and prolong the service life. Titanium alloys have been widely used in naval vessels and deep submergence vehicles in the united states, russia, and the chinese navy. Titanium alloys are used as a material for pressure-resistant casings, seawater pipelines, and other valves used in marine facilities for civil use.
The high-entropy alloy has a plurality of advantages as a novel hot alloy in recent years, such as high thermodynamic mixed entropy, slow kinetic diffusion, large structural lattice distortion, performance with a 'cocktail' effect and the like. Since the professor of Taiwan leaf in 1996 provided a new concept of high-entropy alloy, the high-entropy alloy has received wide attention from researchers of material science at home and abroad. Researchers have conducted different researches on the structure and performance of the high-entropy alloy from different alloy component systems. The application of high-entropy alloy to marine corrosion-resistant materials is one of the hot directions of international research. However, many of the existing high-entropy alloys are difficult to meet the requirements of marine environment.
CN114951634A discloses a high-entropy alloy wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following specific steps: preparing coating powder by adopting 17-22% of cobalt, 17-22% of chromium, 17-22% of nickel, 17-22% of copper and the balance of aluminum in atomic percentage, wherein crystals of the coating powder are of a body-centered cubic lattice structure; and coating the coating powder on a substrate, wherein a gradient solid solution is formed on the interface of the substrate and the coating. The method has the following defects: although the corrosion resistance of the material is improved, the metallographic effect of the bending strength, the bending elastic modulus and the hardness is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the first technical problem of providing a high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy.
A high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy is characterized in that: the alloy contains five metal elements of Nb, ti, cr, A and Zr, and the Nb:18 to 22 percent, ti:18 to 22 percent, cr:18 to 22%, A:18 to 22%, zr:18 to 22%, and unavoidable impurities; and A is V or Mo. Wherein the high-entropy alloy comprises a HCP hexagonal close-packed solid solution, a BCC body-centered cubic solid solution and a LAVES structure precipitated phase.
Wherein the high-entropy alloy comprises an HCP hexagonal close-packed solid solution, a BCC body-centered cubic solid solution and a LAVES structure precipitated phase; wherein the content of HCP hexagonal close-packed solid solution in the high-entropy alloy is 45-49%, the content of BCC body-centered cubic solid solution is 45-49%, and the content of LAVES structure precipitated phase is 2-8%.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy, which comprises the following steps:
a. respectively taking five metal raw materials of Nb, ti, cr, V and Zr with the purity of 99.95% and the metal particle size of 1-5 mm, uniformly mixing the five metal raw materials according to the atomic percentage of the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy, and pressing the mixture into a blank;
b. vacuum non-consumable arc melting is carried out.
Wherein the pressing pressure in the step a is 25-35 MPa.
Preferably, in the step a, the pressing pressure is 30MPa.
Wherein the smelting operation comprises the following steps:
cleaning a water-cooled copper crucible smelting furnace by argon, vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is lower than 0.0009Pa, then filling argon to enable the pressure in the smelting furnace to reach 5-10 Pa, vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is lower than 0.0009Pa, and starting smelting;
the voltage is 380V, the current is 500-600A, and the smelting time is five minutes; after the smelting is finished, the current is closed, the ingot is cooled to 1000 ℃, the ingot casting direction is reversed, the current 500A is loaded again for smelting, and the smelting time is 5 minutes; repeating the step for at least 8 times, wherein the smelting process is accompanied by magnetic stirring, and the stirring current is 5A;
cooling to below 400 ℃ along with the furnace, cooling at the rate of 50-100 ℃/min, and then cooling in air to room temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and the preparation method thereof, the prepared high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy has high hardness and bending strength, strong interatomic bonding force and high melting point, and is beneficial to improving the material strength by jointly matching solid solution strengthening and precipitated phase strengthening.
2. According to the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and the preparation method thereof, the prepared high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy has strong corrosion resistance, is corroded in aqua regia for 4 hours without macroscopic change, has an electrochemical test result which is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the corrosion current density of the existing TA2 titanium alloy, and can be used as a corrosion-resistant material of naval equipment.
3. According to the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy and the preparation method thereof, the adopted vacuum non-consumable arc melting is adopted, the market supply of required equipment is sufficient, new equipment does not need to be developed, the energy consumption is low, the melting time can be finished within half an hour, the cost is effectively reduced, the preparation process is convenient to operate, the preparation of large-size ingots can be realized, the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy is suitable for industrial production, and good economic benefits are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an ingot diagram of the high-entropy alloy of high-corrosion-resistance NbTiCrVZr (left) and NbTiCrMoZr (right).
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of the high-entropy alloys of NbTiCrVZr (left) and NbTiCrMoZr (right) with high corrosion resistance.
FIG. 3 is a microscopic gold phase diagram of the high-entropy alloys of the invention, high corrosion resistance NbTiCrVZr (left) and NbTiCrMoZr (right).
FIG. 4 is an electrochemical polarization curve of the high-corrosion-resistance NbTiCrVZr, nbTiCrMoZr and TA1 titanium alloy.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples were carried out under conventional conditions without specifying the specific conditions.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of NbTiCrVZr high-entropy alloy of the invention
Taking five metal elements of Nb, ti, cr, V and Zr with the purity of 99.95% and the average size of metal particles of 4mm respectively, wherein the Nb:20%, ti:20%, cr:20%, V:20%, zr:20 percent. Mixing the high-entropy alloy ingredients, pressing under the pressure of 30MPa, and then carrying out vacuum non-consumable arc melting. Cleaning a water-cooled copper crucible smelting furnace with argon for one time, firstly vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.0008Pa, then filling argon to enable the pressure in the smelting furnace to reach 6Pa, vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.0008Pa, and starting smelting; the voltage is 380V, the current is 550A and the smelting time is five minutes; after the smelting is finished, the current is closed, the ingot casting is cooled to 1000 ℃, the ingot casting direction is reversed, the current 550A is loaded again for smelting, and the smelting time is 5 minutes; repeating the step for 8 times, wherein the smelting process is accompanied by magnetic stirring, and the stirring current is 5A; cooling to 350 ℃ along with the furnace, cooling at the speed of 90-100 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature. And finally, cutting and characterizing the obtained cast ingot.
Example 2 preparation of NbTiCrMoZr high entropy alloy of the invention
Taking five metal elements of Nb, ti, cr, mo and Zr with the purity of 99.95 percent and the average size of metal particles of 4mm respectively, wherein the Nb:20%, ti:20%, cr:20%, mo:20%, zr:20 percent. Mixing the high-entropy alloy ingredients, pressing under the pressure of 30MPa, and then carrying out vacuum non-consumable arc melting. Cleaning a water-cooled copper crucible smelting furnace with argon for one time, firstly vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.0008Pa, then filling argon to enable the pressure in the smelting furnace to reach 6Pa, vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is 0.0008Pa, and starting smelting; the voltage is 380V, the current is 550A and the smelting time is five minutes; after the smelting is finished, the current is closed, the ingot is cooled to 1000 ℃, the ingot casting direction is reversed, the current 550A is loaded again for smelting, and the smelting time is 5 minutes; repeating the step for 8 times, wherein the smelting process is accompanied with magnetic stirring, and the stirring current is 5A; cooling to 350 ℃ along with the furnace, cooling at the rate of 90-100 ℃/min, and then cooling in air to room temperature. And finally, cutting and characterizing the obtained cast ingot.
The ingot diagrams of the high-entropy alloys of NbTiCrVZr (left) and NbTiCrMoZr (right) prepared in the examples 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. 1. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the high-entropy alloys of NbTiCrVZr (left) and NbTiCrMoZr (right) prepared in examples 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. 2. The microscopic gold phase diagrams of the high-entropy alloys of high corrosion resistance NbTiCrVZr (left) and NbTiCrMoZr (right) prepared in examples 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. 3. The electrochemical polarization curves of the high-corrosion-resistance NbTiCrVZr, nbTiCrMoZr and TA1 titanium alloy prepared in the embodiments 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. 4.
The NbTiCrVZr high-entropy alloy prepared in example 1 comprises a BCC body-centered cubic solid solution, a HCP hexagonal close-packed solid solution and a LAVES phase. After the high-corrosion-resistance NbTiCrVZr high-entropy alloy is subjected to arc melting, a HCP hexagonal close-packed solid solution with Ti element as the main component, a BCC1 body-centered cubic solid solution with Nb and Ti elements as the main component and a BCC2 body-centered cubic solid solution with V element as the main component are formed, and simultaneously, cr is formed 2 Nb is the original LAVES phase. Wherein the HCP is hexagonal close-packed (hexagonal close-packed), the BCC is body-centered-cubic (body-centered-cubic) structure, and the LAVES is hexagonal close-packed (hexagonal close-packed). As can be seen from the metallographic microscopic diagram, the high-entropy morphology of NbTiCrVZr mainly shows three colors: white, gray and black, wherein the white regions are mainly HCP phase, the gray regions are mainly BCC phase, and the black gap regions are mainly LAVES phase. Five elements of Nb, ti, cr, V and Zr form a substitutional solid solution, the solid solution strengthening effect is enhanced, and the strength and the hardness of the material are improved by pinning the grain boundary by the interstitial phase. The NbTiCrVZr high-entropy alloy integrally presents the morphology of equiaxial flaky grains and precipitated phases.
The NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloy prepared in the example 2 forms BCC body-centered cubic solid solutions mainly containing Mo and Nb elements respectively, and the BCC body-centered cubic solid solutions respectively correspond to two splitting peaks at 40-degree positions in an XRD spectrogram. While a HCP solid solution mainly containing Ti is formed, mo is also formed 2 Zr is the original LAVES phase. As can be seen from the microscopic schematic diagram of the NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloy phase, the structure of the alloy is in a dendritic lamellar shape, and the color can be divided into a white area and a gray area. Wherein the gray region is mainly BCC phase, the white region is HCP phase, and the LAVES phase is dispersed in the white region. Five elements of Nb, ti, cr, mo and Zr are replaced to form HCP and BCC solid solution, thereby achieving the solid solution strengthening effect. The NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloy has a dendritic lamellar structure on the whole.
The high-entropy alloys of NbTiCrVZr and NbTiCrMoZr prepared in examples 1 and 2 were tested for flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, and hardness (measured by a Vickers hardness tester). The results are shown in Table 1, the bending strength, the bending elastic modulus and the hardness of the NbTiCrMoZr and the NbTiCrVZr high-entropy alloy are as follows, the bending strength of the NbTiCrVZr and the NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloy respectively reaches 165.59 MPa and 157.09MPa, and the hardness of the NbTiCrVZr and the NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloy respectively reaches 683HV and 582HV.
TABLE 1
| Test specimen | Measurement temperature (. Degree.C.) | Bending Strength (MPa) | Flexural modulus of elasticity (MPa) | Hardness (HV) |
| NbTiCrVZr | 25 | 165.59 | 22288.65 | 683 |
| CrNbTMoZr | 25 | 157.09 | 11144.32 | 582 |
The electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the NbTiCrVZr and NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloys are tested, 3.0% NaCl solution is used as a corrosive agent, the titanium alloy TA1 is used as a comparison group, and the polarization curve is shown in FIG. 4. Referring to Table II, it indicates that CrNbTiMoZr, nbTiCrVZr high entropy alloyCompared with the titanium alloy TA1, the corrosion current density of the high-entropy alloy of NbTiCrVZr and NbTiCrMoZr reaches 4.15E-08, 8.77E-08 and 1.22E-06A/cm respectively 2 The corrosion current of the NbTiCrVZr and NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloy is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the titanium alloy TA2, so that the NbTiCrVZr and NbTiCrMoZr high-entropy alloy presents excellent corrosion resistance.
TABLE 2
| Material | Corrosion voltage (V) | Corrosion current (A/cm) 2 ) |
| High-entropy alloy NbTiCrVZr | -0.15522 | 4.15E-08 |
| High-entropy alloy NbTiCrMoZr | -0.05974 | 8.77E-08 |
| Titanium alloy TA1 | -0.47875 | 1.22E-06 |
The present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and modifications and improvements on the basis of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy is characterized in that: the alloy contains five metal elements of Nb, ti, cr, A and Zr, and the Nb:18 to 22 percent, ti:18 to 22 percent, cr:18 to 22%, A:18 to 22%, zr:18 to 22%, and unavoidable impurities; and A is V or Mo.
2. The high corrosion-resistant high entropy alloy of claim 1, wherein: the high-entropy alloy comprises a HCP hexagonal close-packed solid solution, a BCC body-centered cubic solid solution and a LAVES structure precipitated phase; wherein the content of HCP hexagonal close-packed solid solution in the high-entropy alloy is 45-49%, the content of BCC body-centered cubic solid solution is 45-49%, and the content of LAVES structure precipitated phase is 2-8%.
3. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. respectively taking five metal raw materials of Nb, ti, cr, V and Zr with the purity of 99.95% and the metal particle size of 1-5 mm, uniformly mixing the five metal raw materials according to the atomic percentage of the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy, and pressing the mixture into a blank;
b. vacuum non-consumable arc melting is carried out.
4. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: the smelting operation comprises the following steps:
cleaning a water-cooled copper crucible smelting furnace by argon, vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is lower than 0.0009Pa, then filling argon to enable the pressure in the smelting furnace to reach 5-10 Pa, vacuumizing until the pressure in the smelting furnace is lower than 0.0009Pa, and starting smelting;
the voltage is 380V, the current is 500-600A, and the smelting time is five minutes; after the smelting is finished, the current is closed, the ingot is cooled to 1000 ℃, the ingot casting direction is reversed, the current 500A is loaded again for smelting, and the smelting time is 5 minutes; repeating the step for at least 8 times, wherein the smelting process is accompanied by magnetic stirring, and the stirring current is 5A;
cooling to below 400 ℃ along with the furnace, cooling at the speed of 50-100 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature.
5. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy according to claim 3, wherein: the pressing pressure in the step a is 25-35 MPa.
6. The method for preparing the high-corrosion-resistance high-entropy alloy according to claim 5, characterized in that: the pressing pressure in step a is 30MPa.
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