CN111440980A - Zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111440980A
CN111440980A CN202010339227.4A CN202010339227A CN111440980A CN 111440980 A CN111440980 A CN 111440980A CN 202010339227 A CN202010339227 A CN 202010339227A CN 111440980 A CN111440980 A CN 111440980A
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entropy alloy
furnace
zirconium
alloy
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王文瑞
祁武
谢璐
张佳明
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon

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Abstract

The invention relates to a zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of high-entropy alloys. The high-entropy alloy consists of cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and zirconium elements, and is marked as CoCrFeNiZr according to atomic ratioxThe invention prepares the high-entropy alloy with high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance by a non-consumable vacuum arc melting process, and meets the application requirements of excellent corrosion-resistant structural materials required by future ocean resource development and transportation infrastructure constructionxThe high-entropy alloy has a dual-phase structure of a face-centered cubic phase and an L aves phase, and has higher performance than 304 stainless steelHigh hardness and excellent corrosion resistance in marine environment, and has wide application prospect in the field of engineering structure materials.

Description

Zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of novel metal materials.
Background
With the gradual depletion of land resources, human survival and development are more and more dependent on oceans, and the development of ocean resources, ocean economy and ocean industry are determined as main directions of current and future economic development in various countries. Among them, the development of the manufacturing industry of marine engineering equipment has become more and more the key and guarantee for the development of marine resources and the overall development of marine economy. Due to the severe service environment of high-humidity and high-salt fog in the ocean, the corrosion of metal is a problem which must be solved in the development of ocean resources and the construction of transportation infrastructures.
The existing research shows that the high-entropy alloy breaks through the design concept of the traditional alloy as a novel multi-component alloy, generally contains four or more main elements, the mixed entropy is higher than the melting entropy, and has four effects in the aspects of dynamics, thermodynamics, organization and structure, which are respectively as follows: the high entropy effect is realized, the mixing entropy of the alloy is obviously higher than that of the traditional metal alloy, so that the alloy is easy to form a simple solid solution structure; the lattice distortion effect, which is caused by the difference of atomic radius between elements, causes obvious lattice distortion, thereby affecting the mechanical and physical properties of the material; the delayed diffusion effect is realized, even if the effective diffusion among elements in the high-entropy alloy is limited by serious lattices, the high-temperature structure of the alloy is easy to stabilize; the cocktail effect, also known as the collective effect between elements, makes the material exhibit an excellent combination of properties.
The CoCrFeNi series high-entropy alloy generally forms a microstructure mainly comprising a face-centered cubic (FCC) multi-component disordered solid solution, so that the CoCrFeNi series high-entropy alloy has the characteristics of high ductility, good high-temperature stability, high work hardening rate, high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, national defense and military, mechanical manufacturing, chemical engineering and the like. However, the CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloy has the defect of low room-temperature hardness, and the application of the CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloy as a structural material is limited. Therefore, a proper strengthening element is selected to induce the generation of a second strengthening phase in the CoCrFeNi series high-entropy alloy so as to improve the comprehensive performance of the alloy and enable the alloy to become an excellent marine equipment structure material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof, and in order to achieve the aim, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material is characterized by consisting of cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and zirconium elements, and the high-entropy alloy is marked as CoCrFeNiZr according to atomic ratiox(0.4 ≦ x ≦ 0.6) and having a dual-phase structure of a face centered cubic phase (FCC phase) and a L aves phase.
The preparation method of the zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material comprises the following steps:
1) polishing and cleaning: mixing Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr in alloy components according to the atomic mole ratio, wherein the purity of each element is more than 99.99 percent, removing surface oxide layers of the raw materials by mechanical polishing before mixing, then putting the raw materials into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, and blow-drying to obtain cleaned pure metal raw materials;
2) sequentially putting the cleaned raw materials into an electric arc melting furnace according to the sequence of melting points from low to high, wherein the element with the lowest melting point is arranged at the lowest part, the element with the highest melting point is arranged at the uppermost part, a pure titanium ingot is arranged in a melting tank in the middle of a crucible, and finally, a furnace door is tightly closed;
3) vacuumizing the sample chamber of the smelting furnace to 5 × 10-3After Pa, filling high-purity argon to half atmospheric pressure in the furnace, and repeating the step for 3-4 times repeatedly to complete gas washing in the furnace so as to reduce impurity gas in the furnace as much as possible;
4) filling argon gas until the pressure in the furnace reaches half atmospheric pressure after the last time of gas washing, and then starting to smelt, wherein pure titanium ingots in a smelting tank are smelted once before a sample is smelted, and residual oxygen in the furnace is consumed as much as possible;
5) cooling along with the furnace after smelting is finished to obtain CoCrFeNiZrxHigh entropy alloy;
6) and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy.
Further, the molar ratio of cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and zirconium in the raw materials in the step 1) is 1:1:1:1: x, wherein x is 0.4-0.6.
Further, in the smelting process in the step 5), in order to mix elements in the alloy uniformly, after the alloy is smelted each time, the arc holding time is 1-2 minutes, and after the alloy block is cooled, the alloy block is turned over and smelted repeatedly for more than 4 times.
Further, the heat treatment in the step 6) is to mix the as-cast CoCrFeNiZrxAnnealing the high-entropy alloy at 500-600 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours.
The molar ratio of each component in the high-entropy alloy raw material provided by the invention has a great influence on the performance of the alloy, and any range recited in the invention includes any value between the end values and any sub-range formed by any value between the end values or any value between the end values, unless otherwise specified.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-entropy alloy takes CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy as a matrix to ensure that the matrix phase of the high-entropy alloy is an FCC phase; the Zr content set in the high-entropy alloy is used for effectively precipitating a second strengthening phase, so that the mechanical property of the alloy is improved, and meanwhile, a protective oxide film with very good adhesiveness is easily formed in an oxygen-containing medium by combining with metal zirconium, so that good corrosion resistance is obtained through a cocktail effect of the high-entropy alloy;
2. the invention provides a CoCrFeNiZrxThe preparation and heat treatment method of the high-entropy alloy adopts high-vacuum alloy arc melting for preparation, and annealing is carried out for 1.5-2 hours at 600 ℃;
3. the high-entropy alloy mainly consists of FCC phase and L aves phase, the hardness of the alloy is not lower than 450Hv, and the corrosion current density in simulated seawater solution of 3.5 wt.% NaCl is not higher than 5.29 × 10-8A/cm2The alloy has high hardness, excellent corrosion resistance and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1. CoCrFeNiZr of example 2 of the present invention0.55XRD pattern of high entropy alloy.
FIG. 2. CoCrFe of example 2 of the inventionNiZr0.55SEM image of high entropy alloy composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following.
Example 1
The zirconium-containing high-entropy alloy in the embodiment is composed of five elements of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr, wherein the molar ratio of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr is 1:1:1: 0.48.
Firstly, taking high-purity cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and zirconium blocks as raw materials, removing surface oxide skin by adopting a mechanical polishing mode, then putting the raw materials into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, drying the raw materials by blowing to obtain cleaned pure metal raw materials, accurately weighing the cleaned metal raw materials according to the molar ratio of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr of 1:1:1:1:0.47, sequentially putting the weighed raw materials into an electric arc melting furnace according to the sequence of melting points from low to high, wherein the element with the lowest melting point is arranged at the lowest part, the element with the highest melting point is arranged at the highest part, a pure titanium ingot is arranged in a water-cooled copper crucible at the middle part, closing a furnace door after the placement, vacuumizing a sample chamber of the melting furnace to 5 × 10-3After Pa, filling high-purity argon to half the pressure in the furnace and atmospheric pressure, and repeating the step for 3-4 times to complete gas washing in the furnace; smelting a pure titanium ingot in a smelting tank once before a sample is smelted, consuming residual oxygen in a sample chamber of the smelting furnace, then smelting an alloy, keeping the arc holding time at 1-2 min after the alloy is smelted each time in order to enable elements in the alloy to be mixed uniformly as much as possible, turning over the alloy block after the alloy block is cooled, smelting repeatedly for more than 4 times, and cooling to obtain an as-cast alloy ingot; and (3) heat treatment: and (3) putting the as-cast alloy ingot into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 600 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy.
CoCrFeNiZr obtained in example 10.48XRD and SEM are carried out on the high-entropy alloy, and the following results are obtained: CoCrFeNiZr0.48The high-entropy alloy has a dual-phase structure of FCC phase and L aves phase, and is dissolved in 3.5 wt.% NaCl through Vickers hardnessThe alloy has a hardness of 490Hv and a corrosion current density of 4.01 × 10 by electrochemical test in liquid-8A/cm2The corrosion current density of the same case is only about 304 stainless steel (the corrosion current density is 2.04 × 10)-7A/cm2) 1/5 having a hardness 2.3 times that of 304 stainless steel (hardness 210 Hv).
Example 2
The zirconium-containing high-entropy alloy in the embodiment is composed of five elements of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr, wherein the molar ratio of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr is 1:1:1: 0.55.
Firstly, taking high-purity cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and zirconium blocks as raw materials, removing surface oxide skin by adopting a mechanical polishing mode, then putting the raw materials into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, drying the raw materials by blowing to obtain cleaned pure metal raw materials, accurately weighing the cleaned metal raw materials according to the molar ratio of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr of 1:1:1:1:0.55, putting the weighed raw materials into an electric arc melting furnace in sequence from low to high in melting point, wherein the element with the lowest melting point is arranged at the lowest part, the element with the highest melting point is arranged at the highest part, a pure titanium ingot is arranged in a water-cooled copper crucible at the middle part, closing a furnace door after the placement, vacuumizing a sample chamber of the melting furnace to 5 × 10-3After Pa, filling high-purity argon to half the pressure in the furnace and atmospheric pressure, and repeating the step for 3-4 times to complete gas washing in the furnace; smelting a pure titanium ingot in a smelting tank once before a sample is smelted, consuming residual oxygen in a sample chamber of the smelting furnace, then smelting an alloy, keeping the arc holding time at 1-2 min after the alloy is smelted each time in order to enable elements in the alloy to be mixed uniformly as much as possible, turning over the alloy block after the alloy block is cooled, smelting repeatedly for more than 4 times, and cooling to obtain an as-cast alloy ingot; and (3) heat treatment: and (3) putting the as-cast alloy ingot into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 600 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy.
CoCrFeNiZr obtained in example 10.48XRD and SEM are carried out on the high-entropy alloy, and the following results are obtained: CoCrFeNiZr0.48The high entropy alloy exhibits a dual phase structure of FCC phase and L aves phase, through Vickers hardnessHardness of 527Hv and corrosion current density of 3.89 × 10 in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution-8A/cm2The corrosion current density of the same case is only about 304 stainless steel (the corrosion current density is 2.04 × 10)-7A/cm2) 1/5 having a hardness 2.5 times that of 304 stainless steel (hardness 210 Hv).

Claims (5)

1. The zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material is characterized by consisting of cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and zirconium elements, and the high-entropy alloy is marked as CoCrFeNiZr according to atomic ratiox(0.4 ≦ x ≦ 0.6) and having a dual-phase structure of a face centered cubic phase (FCC phase) and a L aves phase.
2. The method for preparing the zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) polishing and cleaning: mixing Co, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zr in alloy components according to the atomic mole ratio, wherein the purity of each element is more than 99.99 percent, removing surface oxide layers of the raw materials by mechanical polishing before mixing, then putting the raw materials into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, and blow-drying to obtain cleaned pure metal raw materials;
2) putting the raw materials into a water-cooled copper crucible of an electric arc melting furnace from low to high in sequence according to the melting point of the raw materials, putting a pure titanium ingot into a melting tank in the middle of the crucible, and finally closing a furnace door;
3) vacuumizing the sample chamber of the smelting furnace to 5 × 10-3After Pa, filling high-purity argon to half atmospheric pressure in the furnace, and repeating the step for 3-4 times repeatedly to complete gas washing in the furnace so as to reduce impurity gas in the furnace as much as possible;
4) filling argon gas until the pressure in the furnace reaches half atmospheric pressure after the last time of gas washing, and then starting to smelt, wherein pure titanium ingots in a smelting tank are smelted once before a sample is smelted, and residual oxygen in the furnace is consumed as much as possible;
5) cooling along with the furnace after smelting is finished to obtain CoCrFeNiZrxHigh entropy alloy;
6) and carrying out heat treatment to obtain the high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy.
3. The preparation method of the zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and zirconium in the raw materials in the step 1) is 1:1:1:1: x, wherein x is 0.4-0.6.
4. The preparation method of the zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the smelting process of the step 5), in order to mix elements in the alloy uniformly, the arc holding time is 1-2 minutes after the alloy is smelted every time, and the alloy block is turned over to be smelted repeatedly for more than 4 times after being cooled.
5. The method for preparing the zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heat treatment in step 6) is to mix as-cast CoCrFeNiZrxAnnealing the high-entropy alloy at 500-600 ℃ for 1.5-2 hours.
CN202010339227.4A 2020-04-26 2020-04-26 Zirconium-containing high-hardness corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof Pending CN111440980A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112210705A (en) * 2020-09-14 2021-01-12 西安理工大学 CuCrCoFeNiZrx high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof
CN114645178A (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-21 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 Corrosion-resistant alloy, preparation method thereof and cooking utensil
CN115404367A (en) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-29 南京理工大学 Superhard as-cast NiAlCoFeNb two-phase high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof
CN115505813A (en) * 2022-09-20 2022-12-23 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 B-doped high-entropy alloy wear-resistant material with multistage precipitation strengthening function and preparation method and application thereof

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CN109023015A (en) * 2018-09-18 2018-12-18 湘潭大学 CrCuNiMoV high entropy alloy material and preparation method thereof
US20190024198A1 (en) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-24 The Industry & Academic Cooperation In Chungnam National University (Iac) Precipitation Hardening High Entropy Alloy and Method of Manufacturing the Same
CN111051551A (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-04-21 日立金属株式会社 Alloy material, product using the alloy material, and fluid machine having the product

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CN106756407A (en) * 2016-12-07 2017-05-31 徐轶 A kind of CrMnFeCoNiZr high-entropy alloys and preparation method thereof
CN107267843A (en) * 2017-06-28 2017-10-20 吉林化工学院 A kind of high strength and high hardness AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys and preparation method thereof
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CN111051551A (en) * 2017-10-31 2020-04-21 日立金属株式会社 Alloy material, product using the alloy material, and fluid machine having the product
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112210705A (en) * 2020-09-14 2021-01-12 西安理工大学 CuCrCoFeNiZrx high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof
CN114645178A (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-21 武汉苏泊尔炊具有限公司 Corrosion-resistant alloy, preparation method thereof and cooking utensil
CN115404367A (en) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-29 南京理工大学 Superhard as-cast NiAlCoFeNb two-phase high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof
CN115505813A (en) * 2022-09-20 2022-12-23 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 B-doped high-entropy alloy wear-resistant material with multistage precipitation strengthening function and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20200724