CN109594002B - Multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-principal-element entropy-medium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the multi-principal-element entropy-medium alloy comprises the following components in atomic percentage of Fe25Ni25Co50‑xMox(x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 50); the component is Fe25Ni25Co25Mo25The medium entropy alloy has the optimal comprehensive mechanical property: the hardness is 411HV, the yield strength is 1520MPa, the compressive strength reaches 2056MPa, and meanwhile, the plasticity reaches 31 percent. The medium-entropy alloy is prepared by adopting an arc melting method, and the preparation method has the advantages of simplified process, lower difficulty and lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal materials and preparation thereof, in particular to a multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
In thermodynamics, the entropy value represents the degree of disorder of the system, the larger the entropy value is, the larger the degree of disorder of the system is, and when the entropy reaches the maximum value, the system tends to be stable and reaches equilibrium. Novel multi-principal-element metal material with higher system Delta SmixThe value is different from that of the traditional alloy, the traditional alloy mainly comprises one element, the mixing entropy of the traditional alloy is less than 0.693R, (R is a gas constant R which is 8.314J/mol. K), the traditional alloy belongs to low-entropy alloy, the alloy consists of 2-4 elements, the mixing entropy of the traditional alloy is between 0.693R and 1.61R, and the traditional alloy is called as medium-entropy alloy. An alloy consisting of 5 or more elements having a mixing entropy of 1.61R or more is called a high-entropy alloy.
The high entropy of mixing can effectively reduce the gibbs free energy (Δ G ═ Δ H-T Δ S) of the system, thereby making the alloy system more stable. Generally, multi-principal element alloys, although having more constituent elements, tend to form simple phase structures in phase composition, which contributes to the improvement of alloy properties. The high-entropy alloy has the characteristics of high entropy value and difficult diffusion of atoms, is easy to obtain a solid solution phase and a nano structure with high thermal stability, even an amorphous structure, and simultaneously has excellent performances such as high strength, hardness, wear resistance, better plastic toughness, good structural stability and corrosion resistance and the like which cannot be compared with the traditional alloy.
AlCoCrCuFeMoxIn the Ni-based high-entropy alloy, the strength of the alloy is obviously improved along with the increase of Mo content, but the plasticity of the alloy is seriously deteriorated; AlCoCrCuFeMo0.6The compression strength of the Ni alloy reaches the maximum value of 2820MPa, and the strain value is only 1.1 percent. The research result of the preliminary experiments of the subject group shows that the compressive strength of the CoCrFeMoNi multi-principal element high-entropy alloy with equal atomic percent reaches 2427MPa, the yield strength is 1250MPa, and the plastic strain is 33 percent. Patents (CN 201610759867.4 and CN 201610758896.9) respectively disclose ticalcrmoni and ticalcrmoni high-entropy alloys, both of which have high yield strength, tensile strength and a certain elongation percentage, and are excellent in corrosion resistance, but the high-entropy alloys have a common problem, that is, the alloys contain various refractory metals, the melting process is complex, and the cost is high.
Therefore, on the basis of ensuring better strong plastic fit, the process difficulty is reduced as much as possible, the cost is saved, and the method is a problem in the application of medium-entropy and high-entropy alloys.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy is characterized in that: the component of the alloy is Fe according to atomic percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 50.
More preferably, the component is Fe by atom percentage25Ni25Co25Mo25。
More preferably, the component is Fe by atom percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 25.
Further excellenceSelecting the components of Fe according to atomic percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50.
More preferably, the component is Fe by atom percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 15.
More preferably, the component is Fe by atom percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 50.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the multi-principal element medium entropy alloy. The specific scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, converting the mass percentage according to the atomic percentage, and accurately weighing and proportioning metal raw materials with the purity of more than or equal to 99.95% according to the mass percentage for alloy smelting;
secondly, smelting by using a non-consumable vacuum arc furnace, putting the weighed simple substance raw materials in the step one into a water-cooled copper mold smelting pool in the vacuum arc furnace, placing oxygen-absorbing titanium in the middle of a crucible, closing a furnace door, and screwing a knob;
step three, vacuumizing the electric arc furnace until the vacuum degree reaches 5 multiplied by 10-3And (3) introducing argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 wt% into the furnace to normal pressure, vacuumizing and introducing argon for 1-3 times, smelting, turning over and smelting after casting into ingots, repeatedly smelting until the ingots are uniform, and cooling along with the furnace to form the ingots.
More preferably, the smelting current in the third step is 350-450A.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional alloy, the entropy alloy in the multi-principal element has higher strength and better plasticity; compared with CoCrFeMoNi high-entropy alloy with similar performance, the preparation method of the medium-entropy alloy has the advantages of simplified process, easier uniform smelting due to less refractory metals, lower cost and contribution to production.
Drawings
Since the Fe and Ni components are known, only the Co and Mo components are shown in the drawing for the sake of simplicity.
FIG. 1 is Fe of example25Ni25Co50-xMoxXRD pattern of medium entropy alloy, wherein FIG. 1a is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50, x is respectively 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50), and FIG. 1b is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 25, x is respectively 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25).
FIG. 2 is Fe of example25Ni25Co50-xMoxThe solidification structure photographs of the medium entropy alloy, wherein, FIGS. 2a to 2k are Fe25Ni25Co50-xMoxSEM images of medium entropy alloys when x is 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, respectively.
FIG. 3 Fe of the examples25Ni25Co50-xMoxCompressive stress-strain curve and hardness of medium entropy alloy, where FIG. 3a is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50, x is respectively 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50), and FIG. 3b is a compression stress-strain curve diagram of Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is not less than 25 and not more than 50, x is 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 respectively) and FIG. 3c is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(x is not less than 0 and not more than 25, x is 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) entropy alloy compressive stress-strain curve diagram, FIG. 3d is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 25, x is respectively 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the present invention.
Examples
1. Fe of the invention25Ni25Co50-xMoxThe preparation process of the medium-entropy alloy is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: accurately calculating and weighing a high-purity metal raw material (more than or equal to 99.95%) according to the mass percentage content for smelting alloy;
step two: adopting a WK type non-consumable vacuum arc furnace, putting the weighed simple substance raw materials into a water-cooling copper mold smelting pool in the vacuum arc furnace, placing oxygen-absorbing titanium in the middle of a crucible, closing a furnace door, and screwing a knob;
step three: vacuumizing the arc furnace until the vacuum degree reaches 5 multiplied by 10-3And (3) introducing argon with the purity of 99.99 wt% into the furnace to normal pressure after Pa, so as to prevent the alloy from being oxidized and reduce volatilization during alloy smelting. Thus, the vacuum pumping and argon filling are carried out for three times, and the smelting can be carried out. Smelting for about 30 seconds under the current of 400A, overturning the alloy, repeatedly casting for 5 times in such a way until the components are uniform, and cooling along with the furnace after the smelting is finished to obtain Fe with uniform components25Ni25Co50-xMoxAnd (3) alloy ingots.
2. Structure and properties of alloy
1) X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing and phase composition analysis
Cutting the sample by a metallographic sample cutting machine, and grinding a smooth and flat plane on a water mill by using #600 water mill sandpaper to perform XRD analysis, wherein the scanning angle 2 theta range is 30-80 degrees, and the scanning speed is 6 degrees/min.
FIG. 1 is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMoxXRD analysis pattern of medium entropy alloy, wherein FIG. 1a is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50, x is respectively 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50), and FIG. 1b is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 25, x is respectively 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25). As can be seen from FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b, as the content of Mo element increases, the content of Co element decreases, and Fe element25Ni25Co50-xMoxThe phase structure of the multi-principal-element alloy is changed from a single FCC phase to a FCC + BCC + topological close-packed phase or a MoNi phase multi-phase structure.
Being equiatomicPercentage of Fe25Ni25Co25Mo25The crystal structure of the alloy is mainly composed of a simple face-centered cubic phase FCC phase and a topologically close-packed phase (including a μ phase and a σ phase). The FCC phase is similar to the fe0.64ni0.36 phase, and has a lattice constant of a ═ b ═ c ═ 3.592, and a punctate space group of Fm3 m. Due to the existence of the system extinction law in the X-ray diffraction spectrum, the face-centered cubic lattice can have the diffraction phenomenon only when the face index H, K, L is both odd or even, so the corresponding diffraction peaks of the simple face-centered cubic phase are (111), (200), (220) and (311) crystal faces respectively. The mu phase is a complex ordered phase similar to the Co7Mo6 phase, and has a dot space group of R-3m, a lattice constant of a-b-4.672 and a lattice constant of c-25.617. The sigma phase is a complex ordered phase similar to the Co2Mo3 phase, with a dotted space group of P42/mnm, a lattice constant of a-b-9.229, and c-4.827.
2) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tissue Observation and analysis
The alloy is firstly cut into round bars with certain length by a row line, then the round bars are inlaid, and after the inlaying, the 180#, 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1500#, 2000# water mill sand paper is used for water milling and polishing. And then, etching by using aqua regia, and shooting a solidified structure of the etched sample by using a scanning electron microscope.
FIG. 2 is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMoxPhotographs of the solidification structure of the medium entropy alloy, in which FIGS. 2a to 2k are Fe in the order25Ni25Co50-xMoxSEM images of medium entropy alloys when x is 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, respectively. It can be found that Fe25Ni25Co50-xMoxThe medium-entropy alloy solidification structure mainly comprises primary dendrites and an intercrystalline eutectic layer lamellar structure. As can be seen from FIGS. 2 a-2 c, when x<When the content is 15%, the alloy solidification structure is a simple dendritic crystal; as can be seen from FIGS. 2d to 2k, when x is 15% or more, Fe25Ni25Co50-xMoxThe multi-principal component alloy has a solidification structure dendrite and an interdendritic eutectic structure.
3) Alloy compression test
Firstly, a sample is subjected to line cutting to prepare a standard compression sample rod with the diameter of 5mm and the height of 10mm, and both ends of the standard compression sample rod are polished to be smooth and flat by using water-grinding abrasive paper. If the two ends are not horizontal, errors will be generated in the compression process, and the test result is influenced. Room temperature compression experiments were performed on a universal tester. And a compressive stress-strain curve is drawn by Origin software.
4) Hardness test of alloy
The alloy is firstly cut into round bars with certain length by a row line, then the round bars are inlaid, and after the inlaying, the 180#, 400#, 800#, 1000#, 1500#, 2000# water mill sand paper is used for water milling and polishing. Then, the alloy is corroded by aqua regia, and the hardness of the corroded sample is measured by a Vickers microhardness tester. The load selected in the experiment is 25K, the load holding time is 10s, and the hardness value is read after unloading. 7 sets of hardness values were measured and recorded, and the average was calculated.
FIG. 3 shows Fe25Ni25Co50-xMoxMechanical properties of multi-principal element medium entropy alloy, wherein FIG. 3a is Fe25Ni25Co50- xMox(when x is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50, x is respectively 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50), and FIG. 3b is a compression stress-strain curve diagram of Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is not less than 25 and not more than 50, x is 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 respectively) and FIG. 3c is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(x is not less than 0 and not more than 25, x is 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25) entropy alloy compressive stress-strain curve diagram, FIG. 3d is Fe25Ni25Co50-xMox(when x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 25, x is respectively 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25). As can be seen from FIGS. 3b and 3d, as the content of Mo element increases, the content of Co element decreases, and Fe25Ni25Co50- xMoxThe hardness of the multi-element alloy increased from 137.28HV to 953.53 HV. As can be seen from FIGS. 3a and 3c, Fe25Ni25Co25Mo25Alloy and Fe25Ni25Mo50The alloy respectively obtains maximum compressive strength (2056MPa) and yield strength (1928 MPa); referring to fig. 1a and 1 b:the alloy of single-phase FCC structure has excellent plasticity but lower strength, while the alloy of FCC + BCC + topological close-packed phase/MoNi phase multi-phase structure has higher strength, but the plasticity is lower along with the increase of the strength.
As can be seen from FIGS. 3 a-3 d, the Fe25Ni25Co25Mo25 alloy has a superior strong plastic fit, with a compressive strength of 2056MPa and a yield strength of 1520MPa, while maintaining a plastic strain of 31%.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-principal-element intermediate entropy alloy ingot is characterized in that: the component of the alloy is Fe according to atomic percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 50; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step one, converting the mass percentage according to the atom percentage, and weighing and proportioning metal raw materials with the purity of more than or equal to 99.95 percent according to the mass percentage for alloy smelting;
secondly, smelting by using a non-consumable vacuum arc furnace, putting the weighed simple substance raw materials in the step one into a water-cooled copper mold smelting pool in the vacuum arc furnace, placing oxygen-absorbing titanium in the middle of a crucible, closing a furnace door, and screwing a knob;
step three, vacuumizing the electric arc furnace until the vacuum degree reaches 5 multiplied by 10-3And (3) introducing argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 wt% into the furnace to normal pressure, vacuumizing and introducing argon for 1-3 times, smelting, turning over and smelting after casting into ingots, repeatedly smelting until the ingots are uniform, and cooling along with the furnace to form the ingots.
2. A multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the composition thereof is Fe in atomic percentage25Ni25Co25Mo25。
3. A multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the composition thereof is Fe in atomic percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 25.
4. A multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the composition thereof is Fe in atomic percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than 25 and less than or equal to 50.
5. A multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the composition thereof is Fe in atomic percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than 15.
6. A multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the composition thereof is Fe in atomic percentage25Ni25Co50-xMoxWherein x is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 50.
7. A preparation method of a multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy ingot as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, converting the mass percentage according to the atom percentage, and weighing and proportioning metal raw materials with the purity of more than or equal to 99.95 percent according to the mass percentage for alloy smelting;
secondly, smelting by using a non-consumable vacuum arc furnace, putting the weighed simple substance raw materials in the step one into a water-cooled copper mold smelting pool in the vacuum arc furnace, placing oxygen-absorbing titanium in the middle of a crucible, closing a furnace door, and screwing a knob;
step three, vacuumizing the electric arc furnace until the vacuum degree reaches 5 multiplied by 10-3And (3) introducing argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 wt% into the furnace to normal pressure, vacuumizing and introducing argon for 1-3 times, smelting, turning over and smelting after casting into ingots, repeatedly smelting until the ingots are uniform, and cooling along with the furnace to form the ingots.
8. A preparation method of a multi-principal-element medium-entropy alloy ingot according to claim 7, characterized in that the smelting current in the third step is 350-450A.
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CN111676412A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-18 | 江苏鑫信润科技股份有限公司 | Oxidation-resistant corrosion-resistant dynamic sealing material and preparation method thereof |
CN112643003A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-13 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing aluminum-based medium-entropy alloy through electromagnetic stirring casting |
CN113234986B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-04-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Low-activation refractory medium-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
CN113878220B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-03-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Tungsten and steel layered metal composite material and diffusion bonding method thereof |
CN116103556B (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-08-13 | 西北工业大学 | Face-centered cubic structure high-entropy alloy with excellent room temperature wear resistance and preparation method thereof |
CN116005150B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-09-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-temperature friction wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating and preparation method thereof |
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