CN115486505B - Marine algae polysaccharide health beverage with auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Marine algae polysaccharide health beverage with auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115486505B CN115486505B CN202211148633.8A CN202211148633A CN115486505B CN 115486505 B CN115486505 B CN 115486505B CN 202211148633 A CN202211148633 A CN 202211148633A CN 115486505 B CN115486505 B CN 115486505B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with an auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect and a preparation method thereof. Compared with the prior art, the enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicines have the obvious effects of assisting in reducing blood sugar, tonifying qi and nourishing yin, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, tonifying spleen, lung and kidney, resisting fatigue, removing toxins in human body and the like, are safe and free of side effects, are convenient to eat, and have good market development and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of health-care beverages, in particular to a marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with an auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Enteromorpha prolifera is a large natural wild green alga which grows on the offshore shoal and is widely distributed in the rock ponds of estuaries and tidal zones. Enteromorpha is regarded as an alga for both food and medicine since ancient times, and enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide is a linear polymer extracted from enteromorpha, and a main trunk of the enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide is a D-GlcAp-alpha- (1- & gt 4) -3-sulfate-L-Rhap-beta- (1- & gt 4) -D-Xylp-beta- (1- & gt 4) -3-sulfate-L-Rhap unit. The enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide has various biological activities including blood sugar reduction, anti-tumor, gastrointestinal tract protection, anticoagulation, antioxidation and immunoregulation. Therefore, the enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide has excellent development prospect in the field of health-care foods.
The water-soluble balsam pear polysaccharide is an acidic polysaccharide extracted from balsam pear pulp, mainly comprises arabinose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose and xylose, and related researches show that the balsam pear polysaccharide with antioxidant activity can reduce the blood sugar level of diabetic mice, so that the balsam pear polysaccharide is widely applied to the medicine field and the modern food industry.
Type 2 diabetes (T2 DM), also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes mellitus, is characterized by abnormal insulin secretion, overproduction of hepatic glucose, and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes are relatively well known, including age, obesity, lifestyle, dietary patterns, and genetic environmental interactions. Most hypoglycemic agents used to treat T2DM have insulin-dependent mechanisms of action, i.e., stimulation of insulin production (e.g., sulfonylureas, glinide, incretins, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors), increase insulin sensitivity (e.g., thiazolidinediones and biguanides), or directly increase endogenous insulin levels (e.g., basal insulin and dietary insulin). Because the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes are not fully elucidated, no medicine can cure diabetes at present, and patients need to take medicine for life to maintain blood sugar balance. In recent years, along with the improvement of living standard and health care consciousness, natural bioactive products which are green and environment-friendly and have wide sources are applied to the development of health care foods, and the health care foods with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing function are very beneficial to the improvement of the living quality of diabetics and are favored by more and more patients.
Fasting blood glucose (FBS) refers to blood glucose levels measured in plasma collected before breakfast after the night of fasting (at least 8-10 hours without any food or drinking water), and reflects islet beta cell function, generally representing basal insulin secretion, and is the most common test indicator for diabetes. Clinically, blood glucose refers to glucose in blood. The blood glucose level of each individual throughout the day may fluctuate with eating, activity, etc. Blood glucose levels generally in fasting stateCompared withIs constant. The real can be specifically detected by adopting a glucose oxidase method during clinical detectionIs a blood glucose concentration of (a). The blood glucose concentration remains relatively stable by the regulation of the nervous system and hormones. Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia occurs when these adjustments lose their original relative balance. Therefore, measurement of the blood glucose level in the empty stomach can reflect the blood glucose metabolism of the body.
Glucose tolerance refers to the ability of the body to regulate blood glucose concentration. After eating rice, flour staple food or high-sugar food, normal people are almost fully absorbed by intestinal tracts, so that blood sugar is increased, insulin secretion is stimulated, liver glycogen synthesis is increased, decomposition is inhibited, liver glycogen output is reduced, and in-vivo tissues are increased in glucose utilization, so that the maximum blood sugar after eating is not more than 10.0mmol/L, and more or less blood sugar is kept in a relatively stable range. This indicates that normal people have strong tolerance to glucose, i.e. glucose tolerance is normal. However, if insulin secretion is insufficient, the amount of glucose can be more than 7.8mmol/L and can be 11.1mmol/L or more 2 hours after 75g of glucose is orally taken, which indicates that the glucose tolerance of the human is reduced.
The immunocytohistochemical staining is to utilize the characteristic of the specific combination of known antibody and cell antigen, to make the display agent marked on the antibody display certain color through chemical reaction, and to observe with microscope, fluorescence microscope or electron microscope, so as to achieve the purpose of quantitative and positioning analysis of chemical components in tissue and cell structure.
Insulin receptor InsR gene, insulin functions by interacting with InsR on the cell membrane (mainly in hepatocytes, adipocytes and muscle cells), depending on the receptor density and affinity on the cell membrane. Thus, insR is the first key point of insulin action, and the InsR gene is critical to the study of insulin resistance.
Glucokinase (GCK), also known as hexokinase, is a key enzyme regulating glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, the first rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. It catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, a prerequisite for the synthesis of liver glycogen. Loss of function or reduced expression of GCK inhibits hepatic glucose utilization and reduces insulin secretion by islet beta cells. GCK is critical for beta cell regeneration under high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance conditions. Mutation of the GCK gene may be one cause of diabetes. Therefore, an increase in the expression level of GCK gene leads to a constant control of blood glucose level.
China is the origin of Chinese herbal medicine, and the Chinese herbal medicine resources take up monopoly. The ancient Chinese herbal medicines are deeply explored, researched and summarized in Chinese herbal medicines and Chinese medicine, so that the Chinese herbal medicines are most widely accepted and applied. The Chinese herbal medicine contains complex chemical components, such as saccharide, amino acid, protein, oil, wax, enzyme, pigment, vitamins, organic acid, tannin, inorganic salt, volatile oil, alkaloid, glycoside, etc. Each herb may contain various components. Of these components, some have remarkable biological activity and are therapeutically useful, and are often called active ingredients such as alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, amino acids, etc. The modern Chinese medicine analysis and detection research shows that the functional food developed by utilizing Chinese herbal medicines contains a large amount of bioactive components, and can regulate the metabolism of human body, improve the immunoregulatory capability, remove free radicals, delay aging and the like after being eaten reasonably for a long time. In recent years, chinese herbal medicine compound preparations are increasingly used for preventing and assisting in reducing blood sugar and preventing diabetic complications, but the application effect of the Chinese herbal medicine compound preparations is urgently needed to be further improved.
At present, various functional health foods added with Chinese herbal medicine components have the problems of insignificant efficacy, uncertain efficacy components and the like in the eating process, and the efficacy of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine does not exert the maximum level. Aiming at the problems, the invention develops the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect by utilizing the green algae enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide and the composite plant Chinese herbal medicine, and meets the market demands on marine algae functional foods and Chinese herbal medicine health-care foods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the efficacy of the existing functional food is not obvious, and provides a marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
the first object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of Chinese herbal medicines: the following Chinese herbal medicines are taken according to parts by weight: 15-20 parts of medlar, 10-15 parts of iron stick yam, 10-20 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 10-15 parts of corn silk, 5-8 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3-5 parts of epimedium herb, 3-5 parts of kudzuvine root, 4-6 parts of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 2-3 parts of fragrant solomonseal rhizome and 3-5 parts of common anemarrhena rhizome, and cleaning and airing the materials with purified water respectively;
s2, crushing: crushing Dioscorea batatas and fructus Lycii with a masher, pulverizing the rest Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
s3, leaching Chinese herbal medicines: mixing the Chinese herbal medicines in the step S2 uniformly, adding purified water with the mass 150 times of that of the Chinese herbal medicines, and heating and decocting for 40-60min; filtering to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s4, compounding: adding 10-20 parts of green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and 10-20 parts of balsam pear polysaccharide into the Chinese herbal medicine leaching solution, and stirring until the green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and the balsam pear polysaccharide are completely dissolved;
s5, centrifuging: centrifuging to remove precipitate to obtain mixed liquid medicine;
s6, blending: adding xylooligosaccharide accounting for 1% of the weight of the mixed liquor, citric acid accounting for 0.5% of the weight of the mixed liquor, xylitol accounting for 0.5% of the weight of the mixed liquor, calcium lactate accounting for 1% of the weight of the mixed liquor and Vc accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the mixed liquor into the mixed liquor, and adjusting the pH to 7.0-7.5; homogenizing in a homogenizer;
s7, fine filtering: filtering the homogenized health beverage with 200 mesh duplex filter, and fine filtering with diatom filter to remove impurities and insoluble substances;
s8, sterilizing: performing high-temperature instantaneous sterilization on the prepared health-care beverage;
s9, filling: vacuum filling and cooling to normal temperature are adopted to obtain the marine algae polysaccharide health care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect.
Preferably, in the step S1, the following Chinese herbal medicines are taken according to parts by weight: 15 parts of green alga enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide, 15 parts of balsam pear polysaccharide, 15 parts of medlar, 12 parts of iron stick yam, 15 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 12 parts of corn silk, 6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 4 parts of epimedium herb, 4 parts of radix puerariae, 5 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 2.5 parts of rhizoma polygonati officinalis and 4 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae.
Preferably, the centrifugation is performed at 5000r/min for 10-15min in the step S5.
Preferably, the homogenization pressure of step S6 is 25MPa and the temperature is 60-70 ℃.
Preferably, the sterilization temperature in the step S8 is 120-140 ℃ and the time is 4-6S.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum filling in the step S9 is 0.04-0.05Mpa, and the filling temperature is 60-75 ℃.
The second object of the invention is to provide a marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect, which is prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicines have the obvious effects of assisting in reducing blood sugar, tonifying qi and nourishing yin, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, tonifying spleen, lung and kidney, resisting fatigue, removing toxins in human body and the like, are safe and free of side effects, are convenient to eat, and have good market development and application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of each treatment group on fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic model mice.
FIG. 2 is an effect of each treatment group on oral glucose tolerance in diabetic model mice.
FIG. 3 shows the morphology of islet tissue of mice of each test group observed with hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining glasses: (a) a normal control group; (b) a model group of streptozotocin; (c) metformin hydrochloride group; (d) Momordica polysaccharide + herbal group; (e) algal polysaccharide group; (f) algal polysaccharide+Momordica polysaccharide+Chinese herbal medicine group.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of each treatment group on the expression level of the mRNA of the GCK and InsR genes in the liver of mice in the diabetic model.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. The specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
The herbal and test reagents used in the examples below are commercially available except as specified.
Example 1
S1, pretreatment of Chinese herbal medicines: weighing the following Chinese herbal medicines: 15 g of medlar, 10 g of iron stick yam, 10 g of rhizoma polygonati, 10 g of corn silk, 5g of astragalus, 3 g of epimedium herb, 3 g of kudzuvine root, 4 g of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 2g of fragrant solomonseal rhizome and 3 g of common anemarrhena rhizome are respectively cleaned and dried by purified water;
s2, crushing: crushing Dioscorea batatas and fructus Lycii with a masher, pulverizing the rest Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
s3, leaching Chinese herbal medicines: mixing the Chinese herbal medicines in the step S2 uniformly, adding 9750 g of purified water, and heating and decocting for 40min; filtering to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s4, compounding: adding 10 g of green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and 10 g of balsam pear polysaccharide into the Chinese herbal medicine leaching solution, and stirring until the green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and the balsam pear polysaccharide are completely dissolved;
s5, centrifuging: centrifuging in a 5000r/min centrifuge for 10min to remove precipitate to obtain mixed liquid medicine;
s6, blending: adding 98 g of xylooligosaccharide, 49 g of citric acid, 49 g of xylitol, 98 g of calcium lactate and 19.6 g of Vc into the mixed liquid medicine, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0 (common citric acid and sodium citrate in the field of beverage are selected to adjust the pH value); homogenizing in a homogenizer at a temperature of 60deg.C under 25 MPa;
s7, fine filtering: filtering the homogenized health beverage with 200 mesh duplex filter, and fine filtering with diatom filter to remove impurities and insoluble substances;
s8, sterilizing: the prepared health beverage is sterilized instantly at 120deg.C for 6s;
s9, filling: vacuum filling is adopted, the vacuum degree is 0.04Mpa, the filling temperature is 75 ℃, and the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect is obtained after cooling to normal temperature.
Example 2
S1, pretreatment of Chinese herbal medicines: weighing the following Chinese herbal medicines: 20 g of medlar, 15 g of iron stick yam, 20 g of rhizoma polygonati, 15 g of corn silk, 8 g of astragalus, 5g of epimedium herb, 5g of kudzuvine root, 6 g of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 3 g of fragrant solomonseal rhizome and 5g of common anemarrhena rhizome are respectively cleaned and dried by purified water;
s2, crushing: crushing Dioscorea batatas and fructus Lycii with a masher, pulverizing the rest Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
s3, leaching Chinese herbal medicines: uniformly mixing the Chinese herbal medicines in the step S2, adding 15300 g of purified water, and heating and decocting for 60min; filtering to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s4, compounding: adding 20 g of green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and 20 g of balsam pear polysaccharide into the Chinese herbal medicine leaching solution, and stirring until the green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and the balsam pear polysaccharide are completely dissolved;
s5, centrifuging: centrifuging in a 5000r/min centrifuge for 15min to remove precipitate to obtain mixed liquid medicine;
s6, blending: adding 154 g of xylooligosaccharide, 77 g of citric acid, 77 g of xylitol, 154 g of calcium lactate and 30.8 g of Vc into the mixed liquid medicine, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5 (common citric acid and sodium citrate in the field of beverage are selected to adjust the pH value); homogenizing in a homogenizer at a temperature of 70deg.C under a pressure of 25 MPa;
s7, fine filtering: filtering the homogenized health beverage with 200 mesh duplex filter, and fine filtering with diatom filter to remove impurities and insoluble substances;
s8, sterilizing: the prepared health beverage is sterilized instantly at 140 ℃ for 4s;
s9, filling: vacuum filling is adopted, the vacuum degree is 0.05Mpa, the filling temperature is 60 ℃, and the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect is obtained after cooling to normal temperature.
Example 3
S1, pretreatment of Chinese herbal medicines: weighing the following Chinese herbal medicines: 15 g of medlar, 12 g of yam, 15 g of rhizoma polygonati, 12 g of corn silk, 6 g of astragalus, 4 g of epimedium, 4 g of kudzuvine root, 5g of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 2.5 g of fragrant solomonseal rhizome and 4 g of common anemarrhena rhizome are respectively cleaned and dried by purified water;
s2, crushing: crushing Dioscorea batatas and fructus Lycii with a masher, pulverizing the rest Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
s3, leaching Chinese herbal medicines: mixing the Chinese herbal medicines in the step S2 uniformly, adding purified water with the mass 150 times of that of the Chinese herbal medicines, and heating and decocting for 50min; filtering to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s4, compounding: adding 15 g of green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and 15 g of balsam pear polysaccharide into the Chinese herbal medicine leaching solution, and stirring until the green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and the balsam pear polysaccharide are completely dissolved;
s5, centrifuging: centrifuging in a 5000r/min centrifuge for 12min to remove precipitate to obtain mixed liquid medicine;
s6, blending: adding 119 g of xylooligosaccharide, 59.5 g of citric acid, 59.5 g of xylitol, 119 g of calcium lactate and 23.8 g of Vc into the mixed liquid medicine, and adjusting the pH value to 7.2 (the common use of citric acid and sodium citrate in the beverage field is selected to adjust the pH value); homogenizing in a homogenizer at a temperature of 65deg.C under a pressure of 25 MPa;
s7, fine filtering: filtering the homogenized health beverage with 200 mesh duplex filter, and fine filtering with diatom filter to remove impurities and insoluble substances;
s8, sterilizing: the prepared health beverage is sterilized instantly at 130 ℃ for 5s;
s9, filling: vacuum filling is adopted, the vacuum degree is 0.045Mpa, the filling temperature is 70 ℃, and the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect is obtained after cooling to normal temperature.
Further, in order to verify that the health drink prepared in the present invention has an auxiliary hypoglycemic effect, the hypoglycemic effect evaluation of the marine algal polysaccharide health drink (health drink prepared in example 3) was performed by the following mouse animal test.
Male mice of the Kunming family (body weight 22.+ -.2 g) were randomly divided into 10 normal control groups and 60 model groups. The control group is fed with normal feed, the model group is fed with high-sugar and high-fat feed for 4 weeks, after 4 weeks, the model group is injected with streptozotocin according to the proportion of 30mg/kg, and the fasting blood sugar level of the mice is measured after 5 days, and the blood sugar value reaches more than 11.1mmol/L, which indicates that the model modeling of the hyperglycemic mice is successful. The hyperglycemic mice were divided into 5 groups (streptozotocin model group, metformin hydrochloride group, balsam pear polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine group, seaweed polysaccharide + balsam pear polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine group) of 10 each. The metformin hydrochloride group is used for lavaging 500mg/kg of metformin hydrochloride, the balsam pear polysaccharide, the Chinese herbal medicine group, the seaweed polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicine group are respectively used for lavaging 500mg/kg of balsam pear polysaccharide, the Chinese herbal medicine, the seaweed polysaccharide and the balsam pear polysaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicine water solution, and the normal control group and the streptozotocin model group are used for lavaging equal amount of distilled water every day 1 time. The intervention period was 4 weeks, and the following tests were performed after the intervention period was completed: (1) On the day of intervention and on the 14 th and 28 th days after intervention (after the end of intervention), blood is collected from the tail vein of the mice after 12h of fasting, and fasting blood glucose is measured by a blood glucose meter; (2) After the intervention is finished, each group of mice is filled with 50% glucose solution according to 2g/kg, and blood glucose values after 0.5h, 1h and 2h of gastric filling are measured before gastric filling; (3) Taking pancreatic tissues of a mouse, placing the pancreatic tissues in 8% paraformaldehyde solution for fixing for 24 hours, embedding the pancreatic tissues in conventional paraffin, continuously slicing the pancreatic tissues with the thickness of 6 mu m, taking 1 piece of paraffin tape every 20 pieces, mounting the paraffin tape on a glass slide coated with APES, performing immunohistochemical staining by using hematoxylin-eosin (H & E), and observing the morphology of islet cells by using a light microscope; (4) The liver tissues of each group of mice are taken, homogenized in ice bath environment, total RNA is extracted by using a TaKaRa company kit, and the mRNA levels of GCK and InsR in the liver tissues of each group of mice are detected by combining a reverse transcriptase kit with a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology.
Results of fasting blood glucose levels (FBS) in mice by the lavage test are shown in fig. 1. From the figure, the fasting blood glucose of streptozotocin model group, metformin hydrochloride group, momordica polysaccharide+Chinese herbal medicine group, seaweed polysaccharide group, seaweed polysaccharide+Momordica polysaccharide+Chinese herbal medicine group is significantly higher than that of normal control group (P < 0.05) before gastric lavage intervention (day 0). After 2 weeks (14 days) of gastric lavage intervention, the levels of FBS in each intervention group decreased, with the decreasing trend in turn: metformin hydrochloride group > seaweed polysaccharide+balsam pear polysaccharide+Chinese herbal medicine group > seaweed polysaccharide group > balsam pear polysaccharide+Chinese herbal medicine group. After 4 weeks (28 days) of gastric lavage intervention, the levels of FBS of metformin hydrochloride, momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine group, algal polysaccharide group and algal polysaccharide + momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to before gastric lavage intervention (day 0), and the levels of FBS of algal polysaccharide + momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine group were comparable to that of metformin hydrochloride (FBS of 6.77mmol/L, 6.25mmol/L, respectively).
The results of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) by the lavage test are shown in fig. 2. From the graph, the blood sugar of each group of mice reached a peak 1h after glucose injection, and the blood sugar was basically recovered within 2 h. The metformin hydrochloride, momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine, seaweed polysaccharide and seaweed polysaccharide + momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine groups recovered blood glucose faster than the streptozotocin model group, but the glucose tolerance of the seaweed polysaccharide + momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine group showed almost the same ability as that of metformin hydrochloride and blood glucose recovery was relatively faster than that of momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine group (P < 0.05).
The pancreatic tissue of each test group mouse was subjected to immunohistochemical staining by hematoxylin-eosin (H & E), and the results of observing the morphology of islet cells by a light microscope are shown in fig. 3. Pancreatic acinar and islet cells of the control group were intact (fig. 3 a); the rat islets of the streptozotocin model group are distributed in a scattered way, the volume is obviously reduced, most islet cells shrink, the staining is lighter, the cell number is smaller, the cytoplasm is obviously reduced, the cell nucleus is greatly coagulated, and the lymphocyte widely penetrates and invades the islets (figure 3 b); compared with the streptozotocin model group, the islets of the positive control metformin hydrochloride group are in irregular shape, but the number of internal cells is obviously increased; the nuclear condensation phenomenon is not well recovered, the nuclear staining is deeper, but the cytoplasmic distribution is still not uniform (fig. 3 c); the islet morphology of the diabetes model mice after gastric lavage intervention of Momordica polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine, algal polysaccharide + Chinese herbal medicine is changed to normal state, but there is a difference between groups (figures 3d-3 f); the seaweed polysaccharide group (figure 3 e) has the advantages that the edges of islets are tidier, necrotic cells in the islets are recovered, the number of cells is obviously increased, but the cells are irregularly arranged, the nuclear condensation phenomenon is relieved, the cytosol distribution is uniform, and the coloration is shallow; the algal polysaccharide + momordica polysaccharide + chinese herbal group showed a significant increase in islet cells, essentially normal morphology and structure, homogeneous cytoplasm, high number, clear nucleoli, and occasionally small lymphocyte infiltration was observed (fig. 3 f).
The mRNA expression level of GCK, insR in liver tissue of each group of mice was detected by molecular biology real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technique. The results are shown in figure 4, in which the mRNA expression level of the instr was elevated for each intervention group compared to the streptozotocin model group, with the elevated levels being more pronounced for the positive control metformin hydrochloride group and the algal polysaccharide + balsam pear polysaccharide + chinese herbal group (P < 0.05), 28 days after the gavage treatment. At the same time, the mRNA expression level of GCK was greatly increased (P < 0.05) in each intervention group, wherein the elevated levels of metformin hydrochloride group and algal polysaccharide+momordica polysaccharide+chinese herbal medicine group of positive control reached extremely significant (P < 0.01), but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant, but the difference between algal polysaccharide+momordica polysaccharide+chinese herbal medicine group and momordica polysaccharide+chinese herbal medicine group was significant (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages that the green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide and various Chinese herbal medicines are scientifically combined, and the effects of reducing blood sugar, tonifying qi and nourishing yin, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, tonifying spleen, lung and kidney, resisting fatigue, eliminating endotoxin and the like can be effectively assisted through the synergistic effect between the alga polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicines, so that the green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide tea is safe, has no side effect and is convenient to eat. The medicinal properties and the taste of different Chinese herbal medicines are different, the effects are greatly different, complex interaction relations exist after the different Chinese herbal medicines are combined, the proportion of the Chinese herbal medicines is relatively close, and the monarch, minister, assistant and guide relations are substantially changed by the different proportion, so that the relations of the compound Chinese herbal medicines are substantially changed. According to the application, through complex interaction relationship among the green alga enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide, the wolfberry fruit, the wild yam, the rhizoma polygonati, the corn silk, the astragalus, the epimedium herb, the kudzuvine root, the dwarf lilyturf tuber, the fragrant solomonseal rhizome, the common anemarrhena rhizome and other Chinese herbal medicines, and reasonable proportioning, unexpected technical effects are obtained, the relationship of the marine alga polysaccharide health drink is changed substantially, and compared with the blood glucose values (6.77 mmol/L) of the seaweed polysaccharide+balsam pear polysaccharide+Chinese herbal medicine group, the blood glucose values (23.14 mmol/L, 10.25mmol/L and 8.75 mmol/L) of the streptozotocin model group, the balsam pear polysaccharide+Chinese herbal medicine group and the seaweed polysaccharide group, the blood glucose levels are respectively reduced by 70.74%, 33.95% and 22.63%, so that the product has better auxiliary blood glucose reducing activity is shown; the test result shows that changing the raw material composition or the proportion of the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage can reduce the blood sugar reducing capability (P < 0.01) of the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage, which indicates that the synergistic effect among the green algae enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide, the balsam pear polysaccharide and the Chinese herbal medicine plays a role in obviously improving the functional activity of the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage. The 28-day gastric lavage test of the mice shows that the mice have normal physical signs, healthy physical state and no abnormal changes in blood and blood biochemical indexes, so that the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage is determined to be a nontoxic food, and can be safely and safely eaten by people.
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment, and all technical modifications made according to the technical scheme of the invention fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, pretreatment of Chinese herbal medicines: the following Chinese herbal medicines are taken according to parts by weight: 15-20 parts of medlar, 10-15 parts of iron stick yam, 10-20 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 10-15 parts of corn silk, 5-8 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3-5 parts of epimedium herb, 3-5 parts of kudzuvine root, 4-6 parts of dwarf lilyturf tuber, 2-3 parts of fragrant solomonseal rhizome and 3-5 parts of common anemarrhena rhizome, and cleaning and airing the materials with purified water respectively;
s2, crushing: crushing Dioscorea batatas and fructus Lycii with a masher, pulverizing the rest Chinese herbal medicines, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve;
s3, leaching Chinese herbal medicines: mixing the Chinese herbal medicines in the step S2 uniformly, adding purified water with the mass 150 times of that of the Chinese herbal medicines, and heating and decocting for 40-60min; filtering to obtain Chinese herbal medicine extract;
s4, compounding: adding 10-20 parts of green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and 10-20 parts of balsam pear polysaccharide into the Chinese herbal medicine leaching solution, and stirring until the green alga enteromorpha sulfate polysaccharide and the balsam pear polysaccharide are completely dissolved;
s5, centrifuging: centrifuging to remove precipitate to obtain mixed liquid medicine;
s6, blending: adding xylooligosaccharide accounting for 1% of the weight of the mixed liquor, citric acid accounting for 0.5% of the weight of the mixed liquor, xylitol accounting for 0.5% of the weight of the mixed liquor, calcium lactate accounting for 1% of the weight of the mixed liquor and Vc accounting for 0.2% of the weight of the mixed liquor into the mixed liquor, and adjusting the pH to 7.0-7.5; homogenizing in a homogenizer;
s7, fine filtering: filtering the homogenized health beverage with 200 mesh duplex filter, and fine filtering with diatom filter to remove impurities and insoluble substances;
s8, sterilizing: performing high-temperature instantaneous sterilization on the prepared health-care beverage;
s9, filling: vacuum filling and cooling to normal temperature are adopted to obtain the marine algae polysaccharide health care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect.
2. The preparation method of the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with the auxiliary blood sugar reducing effect according to claim 1, wherein the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage is characterized by comprising 15 parts of green algae enteromorpha sulfated polysaccharide, 15 parts of balsam pear polysaccharide, 15 parts of wolfberry fruit, 12 parts of yam, 15 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 12 parts of corn silk, 6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 4 parts of epimedium herb, 4 parts of radix puerariae, 5 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 2.5 parts of rhizoma polygonati officinalis and 4 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae.
3. The method for preparing the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with auxiliary hypoglycemic effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S5, centrifuging for 10-15min at 5000 r/min.
4. The method for preparing the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with auxiliary hypoglycemic effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the homogenization pressure of the step S6 is 25MPa, and the temperature is 60-70 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with auxiliary hypoglycemic effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sterilization temperature in the step S8 is 120-140 ℃ and the time is 4-6S.
6. The method for preparing the marine algae polysaccharide health-care beverage with auxiliary hypoglycemic effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the vacuum degree of the vacuum filling in the step S9 is 0.04-0.05Mpa, and the filling temperature is 60-75 ℃.
7. A marine algae polysaccharide health beverage with auxiliary hypoglycemic effect prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6.
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